{"title":"Features of regenerants morphogenesis and metabolism in vitro, obtained from different fragments of potato shoots","authors":"M. K. Kadyrbaev, I. F. Golovatskaya, M. Satkanov","doi":"10.17223/19988591/55/7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/19988591/55/7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37153,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Tomskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta-Biologiya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81863373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Gaisin, P. Moiseev, Dmitry S. Balakin, Z. Nagimov
Against the general background of an increase in global temperature and spatiotemporal rearrangements in the distribution of precipitations in the 20th century, there are significant changes in the structure and properties of terrestrial ecosystems at all levels of biosphere organization, while their carbon-depositing role is widely discussed in connection with an increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) in the last century. In the massif of the Kraka mountains (South Urals), extrazonal mountain (petrophytic) steppes are located on the southern, highly insolated slopes of the ridges, where peculiar harsh conditions are formed that restrict the growth of woody plants. Due to climate change, forests are expanding to mountain steppes and their area is increasing. The aim of our research is to study the contemporary structure of tree stands and the features of their phytomass accumulation in the transition zone between the forest and mountain steppes on the slopes of the Kraka mountains (53°15′ – 53°50′N, 57° 36′ – 58°12′E), as well as to assess their changes in the last decades (See Fig. 1). In the massifs of the North and South Kraka mountains on the forest-mountain steppe ecotone, 8 altitudinal transects were installed, with division into levels depending on the crown density: the upper (first) – at the upper border of the sparse tree stands (groups of trees with crown density 0.05–0.1), middle (second) – at the upper border of open forests (crown density 0.2–0.3), lower (third) – at the upper border of closed forests (crown density 0.4–0.5). At the lower and middle altitudinal levels, 3 plots with a size of 20 × 20 m were installed. At the upper level, polygons were set up in the form of a rectangle with a size of 1-3 hectares. On Bashart Mount, a polygon profile was installed, without division into levels due to the mosaic distribution of trees along the entire profile. For each tree, the following parameters were determined: height, trunk diameter at the base and at a height of 1.3 m, crown projection diameter in two directions, and vital state. To determine the age of trees with a diameter of more than 3 cm, a bored wood sample (core) was taken. The age was determined using standard dendrochronological methods. The data on the phytomass of 16 model pine trees and 12 larch trees were obtained with subdivision into the following fractions: phytomass of the trunk, branches, needles and generative organs. The trunk phytomass in the bark was determined by direct weighing in the field with an accuracy of 50 g, for which the trunk was cut into meter sections. The percentage of dry matter, both in the wood and in the bark, is determined by the discs cut from the ends of the sawn sections. Wood and bark from the discs were weighed with an accuracy of 0.1 g at the site, and then they were sent to the laboratory for further drying and determination of their weight in an absolutely dry state. When determining the phytomass of the crown and i
{"title":"The structure of tree stands and features of their phytomass accumulation on the steppified slopes of the Kraka Mountain massif (Southern Urals)","authors":"I. Gaisin, P. Moiseev, Dmitry S. Balakin, Z. Nagimov","doi":"10.17223/19988591/56/6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/19988591/56/6","url":null,"abstract":"Against the general background of an increase in global temperature and spatiotemporal rearrangements in the distribution of precipitations in the 20th century, there are significant changes in the structure and properties of terrestrial ecosystems at all levels of biosphere organization, while their carbon-depositing role is widely discussed in connection with an increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) in the last century. In the massif of the Kraka mountains (South Urals), extrazonal mountain (petrophytic) steppes are located on the southern, highly insolated slopes of the ridges, where peculiar harsh conditions are formed that restrict the growth of woody plants. Due to climate change, forests are expanding to mountain steppes and their area is increasing. The aim of our research is to study the contemporary structure of tree stands and the features of their phytomass accumulation in the transition zone between the forest and mountain steppes on the slopes of the Kraka mountains (53°15′ – 53°50′N, 57° 36′ – 58°12′E), as well as to assess their changes in the last decades (See Fig. 1). In the massifs of the North and South Kraka mountains on the forest-mountain steppe ecotone, 8 altitudinal transects were installed, with division into levels depending on the crown density: the upper (first) – at the upper border of the sparse tree stands (groups of trees with crown density 0.05–0.1), middle (second) – at the upper border of open forests (crown density 0.2–0.3), lower (third) – at the upper border of closed forests (crown density 0.4–0.5). At the lower and middle altitudinal levels, 3 plots with a size of 20 × 20 m were installed. At the upper level, polygons were set up in the form of a rectangle with a size of 1-3 hectares. On Bashart Mount, a polygon profile was installed, without division into levels due to the mosaic distribution of trees along the entire profile. For each tree, the following parameters were determined: height, trunk diameter at the base and at a height of 1.3 m, crown projection diameter in two directions, and vital state. To determine the age of trees with a diameter of more than 3 cm, a bored wood sample (core) was taken. The age was determined using standard dendrochronological methods. The data on the phytomass of 16 model pine trees and 12 larch trees were obtained with subdivision into the following fractions: phytomass of the trunk, branches, needles and generative organs. The trunk phytomass in the bark was determined by direct weighing in the field with an accuracy of 50 g, for which the trunk was cut into meter sections. The percentage of dry matter, both in the wood and in the bark, is determined by the discs cut from the ends of the sawn sections. Wood and bark from the discs were weighed with an accuracy of 0.1 g at the site, and then they were sent to the laboratory for further drying and determination of their weight in an absolutely dry state. When determining the phytomass of the crown and i","PeriodicalId":37153,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Tomskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta-Biologiya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86014006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the Republic of Altai, there are about 7 thousand lakes with a total area of more than 600 km2 and most of them are practically unexplored. Despite the fact that botanical research has been carried out on the territory of the Republic of Altai for a rather long period and generalizing works have been published, the aquatic flora of the region has not been fully studied. This work presents a processed part of the data on floristic findings obtained during hydrobotanical research in lakes of the Altai Mountains. We completed the fieldwork in the first half of July 2018. 12 lakes located in UstKanskii, Ongudayskii, Ulaganskii and Kosh-Agachskii districts, as well as several small roadside water bodies were surveyed by the route method using an inflatable boat. In the course of the work, we used hydrobotanical cat-rakes, a portable Garmin eTrex Vista navigator (with a GPS receiver), and a Pentax waterproof camera. Mineralization measurements were carried out in the surface layer of water using a Hanna HI 98130 portable conductometer-thermometer-pH meter. To determine the plants, we used an Altami PS0745-T stereoscopic microscope with a camera. Herbarium specimens were transferred to the NSK Herbarium of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden of the Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences. During our hydrobotanical reseach on a number of water bodies of the Altai Republic, we discovered five species that had not been previously indicated for this region. Utricularia macrorhiza Le Conte. Localities: 1) Ust-Kanskii district, environs of Ust-Kan village, the Kan river floodplain, 50°56'50.64''N. 84°48'25.49''E, 04 VII 2018, forms communities (see Fig. 1); 2) in the same place, 7 km east of the village of Ust-Kan, lake Yaboganskoye. 50°55'33.67''N 84°52'47.85''E, mineralization 0.34 g/dm3 , 05 VII 2018, forms communities; 3) in the same place, 2 km north-west of Oro village, Bolshaya Shiverta river, 50°55'33.95''N 84°58'35.64''E, mineralization 0.31 g/dm3 , 05 VII 2018, forms communities, NSK0084776; 4) Ongudayskii district, Tenginskoye lake, 50°55'59.39''N 85 ° 33'44.32''E, mineralization 0.19 g/dm3 , 06 VII 2018, forms communities; 5) Kosh-Agachskii district, lake Bolshoye, 49°59'27.10''N 88°35'23.10''E, 12 VI 2018. Ranunculus subrigidus W.B. Drew. Localities: 1) Ulaganskii district, pond of the unfinished Chuya hydroelectric power station, 50°15'11.80''N 87°39'42.63''E, mineralization 0.08 g/dm3 , 10 VII 2018; 2) Kosh-Agachskii district, Kosh-Agach village, in a lake without a name, 50°15'10.6''N 87°39'47.5''E, 13 VII 2018; 3) in the same place, lake Presnoe, depth 20 cm, forms a community, 49°59'2.75''N 88°34'53.30''E, mineralization 0.14 g/dm3 , 11 VII 2018, NSK0084774; 4) in the same place, lake Bolshoye, 12 VII 2018. Lemna turionifera Landolt. Localities: 1) Ust-Kanskii district, lake Bukalu, 50°57'54.04''N 84°46’46.75''E, mineralization 0.45 g/dm3 , 05 VII 2018; 2) KoshAgachskii district, lake Presnoe, 49°59'6.49''N 88°34'53.19''E, minerali
在阿尔泰共和国，大约有7000个湖泊，总面积超过600平方公里，其中大多数几乎没有被开发过。尽管在阿尔泰共和国的领土上进行了相当长时间的植物学研究，并出版了概括性的著作，但该地区的水生植物群尚未得到充分研究。本文介绍了在阿尔泰山湖泊水植物学研究中获得的植物区系发现的部分处理过的数据。我们在2018年7月上半月完成了实地调查。采用路线法，利用充气船调查了UstKanskii、ongudayski、Ulaganskii和Kosh-Agachskii地区的12个湖泊以及几个小型路边水体。在工作过程中，我们使用了水植物猫耙，便携式Garmin eTrex Vista导航仪(带GPS接收器)和宾得防水相机。矿化测量在水的表层进行，使用汉纳HI 98130便携式电导仪-温度计- ph计。为了确定植物，我们使用了带有相机的阿尔塔米PS0745-T立体显微镜。植物标本室标本被转移到俄罗斯科学院西伯利亚分院西伯利亚中央植物园NSK植物标本室。在我们对阿尔泰共和国的一些水体进行水植物学研究时，我们发现了五种以前没有在这个地区发现的物种。大孔木耳。地点:1)东kanskii区，东Kan村周边，Kan河漫滩，50°56′50.64”N。84°48′25.49”E, 04 VII 2018，形成群落(见图1);2)在同一地点，Ust-Kan村以东7 km, Yaboganskoye湖，50°55′33.67”N 84°52′47.85”E，矿化度0.34 g/dm3, 05 VII 2018，形成群落;3)在同一地点，Bolshaya Shiverta河Oro村西北2公里，50°55'33.95”N 84°58'35.64”E，矿化度0.31 g/dm3, 05 VII 2018，形成群落，NSK0084776;4)腾金斯科耶湖翁古达斯基区，北纬50°55′59.39”，东经85°33′44.32”，矿化度0.19 g/dm3, 2018年7月6日，形成群落;5)新疆地区，北纬49°59′27.10”，东经88°35′23.10”，12 VI 2018。毛茛。地点:1)乌拉干斯基区，未建成的楚亚水电站池，50°15′11.80”北纬87°39′42.63”东经，矿化度0.08 g/dm3, 2018年7月;2) Kosh-Agachskii区，Kosh-Agach村，一个没有名字的湖，50°15'10.6”N 87°39'47.5”E, 13 VII 2018;3)在同一地点，Presnoe湖，深度20 cm，形成一个群落，49°59′2.75”N 88°34′53.30”E，矿化度0.14 g/dm3, 11 VII 2018, NSK0084774;4)同一地点，莫斯科湖，2018年7月12日。蓝藻。地点:1)布卡鲁湖东-坎斯基区，北纬50°57′54.04”，东经84°46′46.75”，矿化度0.45 g/dm3, 05 VII 2018;2) KoshAgachskii地区，北纬49°59′6.49”，东经88°34′53.19”，矿化度0.14 g/ dm3, 11。Vii 2018, nsk0084775;3)同一地点，Bolshoye湖，北纬49°59′27.10”，东经88°35′23.10”，12 VII 2018。赞尼切利亚代表波恩。地点:1)Ust-Kanskii地区，采石场靠近公路，深度40 cm, Chara vulgaris L.群落，50°56′33.26”N 85°01′14.55”E，矿化度0.43 g/dm3, 6 VII 2018;2) ongudayski地区，路边沟，北纬50°47′22.34”东经85°21′33.05”，形成群落，深度20 cm，粘性粘土，矿化度0.88 g/dm3, 06 VII 2018, NSK0084778。查卡西菌(kasrehina) Klinkova地点:1)Kosh-Agachskii区，公路旁的一个未命名湖泊，北纬49°57′14.33”，东经88°43′49.41”，矿化度2.7 g/dm3, 12 VII 2018, NSK0084777;2)同一地点，北纬49°58′58.07”，东经88°34′18.85”，矿化度0.75 g/dm3, 11 VII 2018。这样，阿尔泰共和国植物区系表中又增加了5个种:大水藻(Utricularia macrorhiza)、毛茛(Ranunculus subrigidus)、狐尾草(lena turionifera)、羊草(Zannichellia repens)和查卡西菌(Stuckenia chakassiensis)。我们在淡水中发现了前3种，在咸淡水中发现了Z. repens和S. chakassiensis。所有这些发现补充了这些物种在西伯利亚的分布信息。大水蛭、小毛茛和turionifera以美洲-亚洲种为主，chakassiensis以亚洲种为主。
{"title":"Floristic novelties in the Republic of Altai","authors":"L. Kipriyanova, R. Romanov","doi":"10.17223/19988591/54/9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/19988591/54/9","url":null,"abstract":"In the Republic of Altai, there are about 7 thousand lakes with a total area of more than 600 km2 and most of them are practically unexplored. Despite the fact that botanical research has been carried out on the territory of the Republic of Altai for a rather long period and generalizing works have been published, the aquatic flora of the region has not been fully studied. This work presents a processed part of the data on floristic findings obtained during hydrobotanical research in lakes of the Altai Mountains. We completed the fieldwork in the first half of July 2018. 12 lakes located in UstKanskii, Ongudayskii, Ulaganskii and Kosh-Agachskii districts, as well as several small roadside water bodies were surveyed by the route method using an inflatable boat. In the course of the work, we used hydrobotanical cat-rakes, a portable Garmin eTrex Vista navigator (with a GPS receiver), and a Pentax waterproof camera. Mineralization measurements were carried out in the surface layer of water using a Hanna HI 98130 portable conductometer-thermometer-pH meter. To determine the plants, we used an Altami PS0745-T stereoscopic microscope with a camera. Herbarium specimens were transferred to the NSK Herbarium of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden of the Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences. During our hydrobotanical reseach on a number of water bodies of the Altai Republic, we discovered five species that had not been previously indicated for this region. Utricularia macrorhiza Le Conte. Localities: 1) Ust-Kanskii district, environs of Ust-Kan village, the Kan river floodplain, 50°56'50.64''N. 84°48'25.49''E, 04 VII 2018, forms communities (see Fig. 1); 2) in the same place, 7 km east of the village of Ust-Kan, lake Yaboganskoye. 50°55'33.67''N 84°52'47.85''E, mineralization 0.34 g/dm3 , 05 VII 2018, forms communities; 3) in the same place, 2 km north-west of Oro village, Bolshaya Shiverta river, 50°55'33.95''N 84°58'35.64''E, mineralization 0.31 g/dm3 , 05 VII 2018, forms communities, NSK0084776; 4) Ongudayskii district, Tenginskoye lake, 50°55'59.39''N 85 ° 33'44.32''E, mineralization 0.19 g/dm3 , 06 VII 2018, forms communities; 5) Kosh-Agachskii district, lake Bolshoye, 49°59'27.10''N 88°35'23.10''E, 12 VI 2018. Ranunculus subrigidus W.B. Drew. Localities: 1) Ulaganskii district, pond of the unfinished Chuya hydroelectric power station, 50°15'11.80''N 87°39'42.63''E, mineralization 0.08 g/dm3 , 10 VII 2018; 2) Kosh-Agachskii district, Kosh-Agach village, in a lake without a name, 50°15'10.6''N 87°39'47.5''E, 13 VII 2018; 3) in the same place, lake Presnoe, depth 20 cm, forms a community, 49°59'2.75''N 88°34'53.30''E, mineralization 0.14 g/dm3 , 11 VII 2018, NSK0084774; 4) in the same place, lake Bolshoye, 12 VII 2018. Lemna turionifera Landolt. Localities: 1) Ust-Kanskii district, lake Bukalu, 50°57'54.04''N 84°46’46.75''E, mineralization 0.45 g/dm3 , 05 VII 2018; 2) KoshAgachskii district, lake Presnoe, 49°59'6.49''N 88°34'53.19''E, minerali","PeriodicalId":37153,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Tomskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta-Biologiya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82395781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yu. E. Kolupaev, T. Yastreb, Aleksey K. Polyakov, Alexander Dmitriev
{"title":"Salicylic acid and formation of plant adaptive responses to abiotic stressors: role of signaling network components","authors":"Yu. E. Kolupaev, T. Yastreb, Aleksey K. Polyakov, Alexander Dmitriev","doi":"10.17223/19988591/55/8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/19988591/55/8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37153,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Tomskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta-Biologiya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80054877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The research deals with recent invasions of bird-dispersed shrubs in specially protected natural reservations of St.Petersburg and Leningrad Region. The results of bird-dispersed woody species inventory in 5 partial nature reserves and nature sanctuaries of the area (See Fig. 1), based upon the extensive phytocoenological research data of 2014-2018, are given (See Table 1). Out of the adventive shrub species listed, the two most aggressive invaders were chosen according to their constancy and abundance in natural forest communities. These are Lonicera nigra in Komarovskiy Bereg [Komarovo Coast] Nature Sanctuary and Amelanchier spicata in Lisinskiy [Lisino] Partial Nature Reserve. For this purpose, distributions of these species are traced along with different forest types they invade, paying attention to species constancy and projective cover in different layers of forest communities (See Tables 2 and 4). Values of intralandscape species activeness, based upon the proper relevé sets, were also calculated for both aboriginal and adventitious plant species from different community types in each study area (See Tables 3 and 5). Lonicera nigra has never been detected as an invader before. It is presumably dispersed by robins, thrushes, and warblers, also by means of barochory and secondary hydrochory. The latter is proved by the occurrence of the oldest shrubs in riverine Norway spruce and Scots pine forests on the Littorine terrace of the Gulf of Finland within Komarovo Coast Nature Sanctuary. The results of secondary bird dispersal of this species are observed in sorrel spruce forests where the untypical low shrub layer is being formed (See Fig. 2). These plants are remote form brooks or drainage channels (See Table 2). L. nigra acts as one of the most active species in the sanctuary forest coenofloras studied (See Table 3). Nevertheless, floristic composition of these forest communities remains yet unchanged in its main features. The invasion of L. nigra in the sanctuary area was first mentioned in literature by NN Tzvelev in 2000 but it took place much earlier, as the ancestral plant specimens were likely to grow in a transplant nursery near the present-day sanctuary north-eastern border in the early XX-th century. According to Komarov Botanical Institute Herbarium (LE) data, the secondary area of L. nigra in Russia is restricted to several findings in the Karelian Isthmus. Amelanchier spicata, the June berry, listed among the most aggressive plant invaders in European Russia, is dispersed by thrushes along roads in forests and then invades sorrel and horsetail-peatmoss spruce and pine forests on southern-boreal watersheds in Lisino Reserve, often as a gap-filling species. It is less common and abundant in secondary birch and aspen forests. In contrast to Lonicera nigra, it is infrequent and never abundant in riverine forests (See Table 4), the fact probably explained by difference in prevailing bird distributor species. A. spicata is never found
{"title":"Invasions of bird-dispersed shrub species in specially protected natural reservations of Saint-Petersburg and Leningrad Region","authors":"I. Kucherov","doi":"10.17223/19988591/54/2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/19988591/54/2","url":null,"abstract":"The research deals with recent invasions of bird-dispersed shrubs in specially protected natural reservations of St.Petersburg and Leningrad Region. The results of bird-dispersed woody species inventory in 5 partial nature reserves and nature sanctuaries of the area (See Fig. 1), based upon the extensive phytocoenological research data of 2014-2018, are given (See Table 1). Out of the adventive shrub species listed, the two most aggressive invaders were chosen according to their constancy and abundance in natural forest communities. These are Lonicera nigra in Komarovskiy Bereg [Komarovo Coast] Nature Sanctuary and Amelanchier spicata in Lisinskiy [Lisino] Partial Nature Reserve. For this purpose, distributions of these species are traced along with different forest types they invade, paying attention to species constancy and projective cover in different layers of forest communities (See Tables 2 and 4). Values of intralandscape species activeness, based upon the proper relevé sets, were also calculated for both aboriginal and adventitious plant species from different community types in each study area (See Tables 3 and 5). Lonicera nigra has never been detected as an invader before. It is presumably dispersed by robins, thrushes, and warblers, also by means of barochory and secondary hydrochory. The latter is proved by the occurrence of the oldest shrubs in riverine Norway spruce and Scots pine forests on the Littorine terrace of the Gulf of Finland within Komarovo Coast Nature Sanctuary. The results of secondary bird dispersal of this species are observed in sorrel spruce forests where the untypical low shrub layer is being formed (See Fig. 2). These plants are remote form brooks or drainage channels (See Table 2). L. nigra acts as one of the most active species in the sanctuary forest coenofloras studied (See Table 3). Nevertheless, floristic composition of these forest communities remains yet unchanged in its main features. The invasion of L. nigra in the sanctuary area was first mentioned in literature by NN Tzvelev in 2000 but it took place much earlier, as the ancestral plant specimens were likely to grow in a transplant nursery near the present-day sanctuary north-eastern border in the early XX-th century. According to Komarov Botanical Institute Herbarium (LE) data, the secondary area of L. nigra in Russia is restricted to several findings in the Karelian Isthmus. Amelanchier spicata, the June berry, listed among the most aggressive plant invaders in European Russia, is dispersed by thrushes along roads in forests and then invades sorrel and horsetail-peatmoss spruce and pine forests on southern-boreal watersheds in Lisino Reserve, often as a gap-filling species. It is less common and abundant in secondary birch and aspen forests. In contrast to Lonicera nigra, it is infrequent and never abundant in riverine forests (See Table 4), the fact probably explained by difference in prevailing bird distributor species. A. spicata is never found","PeriodicalId":37153,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Tomskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta-Biologiya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73685352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Sidorova, N. Petrov, O. Vrzhesinskaya, V. M. Kodentsova, N. A. Beketova, O. Kosheleva, S. Leonenko, S. Zorin, Petr S. Gromovyh
Due to the prevalence of multiple deficiency of vitamins and some minerals among the population, as well as the role of micronutrients in maintaining cognitive functions, the aim of the research was to study the effect of combined deficit of vitamins and/or calcium, magnesium and iodine in the diet of growing Wistar male weaning rats on the manifestation of an unconditioned reflex and ability to learn in response to an electric shock. Mice for the experiment were obtained from Stolbovaya nursery, Federal State Budgetory Scientific Institution Scientific Center of Biomedical Technologies of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency (Moscow region, Russia). After a 5-day feeding on a complete semi-synthetic diet, rats with an initial body weight of 51.4 ± 0.5 g were randomly (according to body weight and the results of the “Elevated Plus Maze” test) divided into four groups (10-12 animals in each group). Subsequently, within 23 days, the animals of the control group (I) received a complete semi-synthetic diet, the rats of Group II (- Ca, Mg, I) were fed on the same diet, but with a 50% reduction in the amount of calcium, magnesium and iodine in the mineral mixture, the rats of Group III (- Vit) received a diet containing 100% of minerals with a reduced amount of vitamin mixture up to 20% with the complete elimination of vitamin E from it. The animals of Group IV (- Vit, Ca, Mg, I) were kept on a diet simultaneously deficient in vitamins and mineral substances. The manifestation of the unconditioned reflex was studied in the “Elevated plus maze” test before feeding the animals on experimental diets and on the 21st day of feeding. The behavior and memory of animals were evaluated in the test “Conditioned reflex of passive avoidance” on the 7th day of feeding on experimental diets in response to electrocutaneous irritation of paws (current 0.4 mA, not more than 8 sec.) when entering the dark compartment (development of a conditioned reflex), on the 8th day - a test of training (a memorable trace), and on the 21st day - an assessment of longterm memory. Pre-anesthetized with ether, the rats were taken out of the experiment by decapitation, and the content of vitamin E (α-tocopherol) was determined by HPLC, vitamins B1 and B2 were measured fluorimetrically in the whole lyophilized brain. In this research, we revealed, that throughout the experiment, the general condition of all animals (appearance and fur) and the body weight did not differ. Reducing the content of vitamins in the diet led to a significant decrease (p < 0.001) in the brain content of selectively measured vitamins B1 and E at the end of the experiment (See Table 1), that indicated the development of micronutrient deficiency in them. Micronutrient deficiencies for 21 days did not affect the degree of anxiety of the growing rats, assessed in the “Elevated Plus Maze” test. However, the rats from the groups deficient in vitamins (group - Vit and group - Vit, Ca, Mg and I) had a higher motor acti
{"title":"Influence of multiple deficiency of vitamins, calcium, magnesium and iodine on cognitive function in growing rats","authors":"Y. Sidorova, N. Petrov, O. Vrzhesinskaya, V. M. Kodentsova, N. A. Beketova, O. Kosheleva, S. Leonenko, S. Zorin, Petr S. Gromovyh","doi":"10.17223/19988591/54/4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/19988591/54/4","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the prevalence of multiple deficiency of vitamins and some minerals among the population, as well as the role of micronutrients in maintaining cognitive functions, the aim of the research was to study the effect of combined deficit of vitamins and/or calcium, magnesium and iodine in the diet of growing Wistar male weaning rats on the manifestation of an unconditioned reflex and ability to learn in response to an electric shock. Mice for the experiment were obtained from Stolbovaya nursery, Federal State Budgetory Scientific Institution Scientific Center of Biomedical Technologies of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency (Moscow region, Russia). After a 5-day feeding on a complete semi-synthetic diet, rats with an initial body weight of 51.4 ± 0.5 g were randomly (according to body weight and the results of the “Elevated Plus Maze” test) divided into four groups (10-12 animals in each group). Subsequently, within 23 days, the animals of the control group (I) received a complete semi-synthetic diet, the rats of Group II (- Ca, Mg, I) were fed on the same diet, but with a 50% reduction in the amount of calcium, magnesium and iodine in the mineral mixture, the rats of Group III (- Vit) received a diet containing 100% of minerals with a reduced amount of vitamin mixture up to 20% with the complete elimination of vitamin E from it. The animals of Group IV (- Vit, Ca, Mg, I) were kept on a diet simultaneously deficient in vitamins and mineral substances. The manifestation of the unconditioned reflex was studied in the “Elevated plus maze” test before feeding the animals on experimental diets and on the 21st day of feeding. The behavior and memory of animals were evaluated in the test “Conditioned reflex of passive avoidance” on the 7th day of feeding on experimental diets in response to electrocutaneous irritation of paws (current 0.4 mA, not more than 8 sec.) when entering the dark compartment (development of a conditioned reflex), on the 8th day - a test of training (a memorable trace), and on the 21st day - an assessment of longterm memory. Pre-anesthetized with ether, the rats were taken out of the experiment by decapitation, and the content of vitamin E (α-tocopherol) was determined by HPLC, vitamins B1 and B2 were measured fluorimetrically in the whole lyophilized brain. In this research, we revealed, that throughout the experiment, the general condition of all animals (appearance and fur) and the body weight did not differ. Reducing the content of vitamins in the diet led to a significant decrease (p < 0.001) in the brain content of selectively measured vitamins B1 and E at the end of the experiment (See Table 1), that indicated the development of micronutrient deficiency in them. Micronutrient deficiencies for 21 days did not affect the degree of anxiety of the growing rats, assessed in the “Elevated Plus Maze” test. However, the rats from the groups deficient in vitamins (group - Vit and group - Vit, Ca, Mg and I) had a higher motor acti","PeriodicalId":37153,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Tomskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta-Biologiya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83729941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. I. Kokorev, Yu. E. Kolupaev, M. A. Shkliarevskyi, Anna A. Lugovaya
Polyamines are plant metabolites involved in many processes under physiologically normal and stressful conditions. Cadaverine is one of the least studied plant polyamines. The relationship between its physiological effects and the formation of signaling mediators, in particular, reactive oxygen species (ROS), has hardly been specially studied. The aim of this work was to study the possible protective effect of cadaverine on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings under heat stress and its relationship with the formation and detoxification of ROS by antioxidant enzymes. Etiolated seedlings of soft winter wheat variety Doskonala were used in the work. We treated three-day-old seedlings with cadaverine at concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 2.5 mM by adding it to the root incubation medium. In some variants of the experiment, we treated seedlings with a hydrogen peroxide scavenger dimethylthiourea (DMTU - 150 μM), a diamine oxidase inhibitor aminogunidine (1 mM) or an inhibitor NADPH oxidase imidazole (10 μM), as well as the indicated inhibitors in combination with cadaverine. The hydrogen peroxide content and the activity of antioxidant enzymes were determined in the roots of seedlings a certain time after treatment with the studied compounds. One day after the treatment of seedlings with cadaverine, ROS antagonists, and a combination of effectors, the seedlings were subjected to damaging heating in a water thermostat (10 min at 45 °C). 24 h after heating, we assessed the content of the products of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the roots and, after 3 days, the survival of seedlings. Incubation in the presence of cadaverine increased the resistance of seedlings to damaging heat (See Fig. 1). The highest relative number of surviving seedlings was observed in the variant with 1 mM cadaverine treatment. Under the effect of cadaverine, the content of hydrogen peroxide in the roots increased (See Fig. 2). We observed a noticeable effect 1-4 h after the start of treatment, with a maximum after 2 h. Treatment of seedlings with a scavenger of hydrogen peroxide DMTU removed the manifestation of the effect of an increase in the content of H2 O2 in the roots caused by the action of cadaverine (See Fig. 3). This effect was also completely eliminated by the diamine oxidase inhibitor aminoguanidine and was almost unchanged in the presence of the NADPH oxidase inhibitor imidazole. The effect of heat stress on seedlings caused an increase in the content of the LPO products in them. Treatment with cadaverine markedly reduced this manifestation of oxidative stress. The antioxidant DMTU and the diamine oxidase inhibitor aminoguanidine largely neutralized the protective effect of cadaverine (See Fig. 4a). At the same time, the NADPH oxidase inhibitor imidazole had almost no effect on the manifestation of the effect of cadaverine on the LPO products content in roots. Under the influence of DMTU and aminoguanidine, but not imidazole, the positive effect of cadaverine on the
{"title":"The effect of cadaverine on redox homeostasis of wheat seedling roots and their resistance to damage heating","authors":"A. I. Kokorev, Yu. E. Kolupaev, M. A. Shkliarevskyi, Anna A. Lugovaya","doi":"10.17223/19988591/54/6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/19988591/54/6","url":null,"abstract":"Polyamines are plant metabolites involved in many processes under physiologically normal and stressful conditions. Cadaverine is one of the least studied plant polyamines. The relationship between its physiological effects and the formation of signaling mediators, in particular, reactive oxygen species (ROS), has hardly been specially studied. The aim of this work was to study the possible protective effect of cadaverine on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings under heat stress and its relationship with the formation and detoxification of ROS by antioxidant enzymes. Etiolated seedlings of soft winter wheat variety Doskonala were used in the work. We treated three-day-old seedlings with cadaverine at concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 2.5 mM by adding it to the root incubation medium. In some variants of the experiment, we treated seedlings with a hydrogen peroxide scavenger dimethylthiourea (DMTU - 150 μM), a diamine oxidase inhibitor aminogunidine (1 mM) or an inhibitor NADPH oxidase imidazole (10 μM), as well as the indicated inhibitors in combination with cadaverine. The hydrogen peroxide content and the activity of antioxidant enzymes were determined in the roots of seedlings a certain time after treatment with the studied compounds. One day after the treatment of seedlings with cadaverine, ROS antagonists, and a combination of effectors, the seedlings were subjected to damaging heating in a water thermostat (10 min at 45 °C). 24 h after heating, we assessed the content of the products of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the roots and, after 3 days, the survival of seedlings. Incubation in the presence of cadaverine increased the resistance of seedlings to damaging heat (See Fig. 1). The highest relative number of surviving seedlings was observed in the variant with 1 mM cadaverine treatment. Under the effect of cadaverine, the content of hydrogen peroxide in the roots increased (See Fig. 2). We observed a noticeable effect 1-4 h after the start of treatment, with a maximum after 2 h. Treatment of seedlings with a scavenger of hydrogen peroxide DMTU removed the manifestation of the effect of an increase in the content of H2 O2 in the roots caused by the action of cadaverine (See Fig. 3). This effect was also completely eliminated by the diamine oxidase inhibitor aminoguanidine and was almost unchanged in the presence of the NADPH oxidase inhibitor imidazole. The effect of heat stress on seedlings caused an increase in the content of the LPO products in them. Treatment with cadaverine markedly reduced this manifestation of oxidative stress. The antioxidant DMTU and the diamine oxidase inhibitor aminoguanidine largely neutralized the protective effect of cadaverine (See Fig. 4a). At the same time, the NADPH oxidase inhibitor imidazole had almost no effect on the manifestation of the effect of cadaverine on the LPO products content in roots. Under the influence of DMTU and aminoguanidine, but not imidazole, the positive effect of cadaverine on the","PeriodicalId":37153,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Tomskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta-Biologiya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73247565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Tretyakova, Maria E. Park, Angelica P. Pakhomova, I. S. Sheveleva, E. Muratova
The biotechnology of somatic embryogenesis in in vitro culture is the most promising direction in the reproduction of conifers. The use of this technology makes it possible not only to massively propagate the best genotypes of trees, but also serves a model for studying the structural, physiological and molecular and genetic mechanisms of both somatic and zygotic embryogenesis in conifers. The main aim of this research was to obtain embryogenic cultures (ECs) producing somatic embryos and embryonic suspension mass (ESM) of Picea obovata. The studies were carried out in 2014-2019 on 30 Siberian spruce trees growing in the vicinity of the city of Krasnoyarsk. To detect genotypes competent for somatic embryogenesis, new donor trees were selected every year for the experiment. 3-10 cones were collected from each tree at different stages of embryo development: globular embryo (the first decade of July), the initiation stage cotyledons (second decade of July), the stage of developed cotyledons (third decade of July) and mature embryos (August). Sterilized explants (zygotic embryos at different stages of development) were introduced into in vitro culture on basic media DCR (Gupta PK and Durzan DJ, 1985), ½LV (Litvay JD et al., 1985), MS (Murashige T and Skoog F, 1962) and AI (Tretyakova IN, 2012). All media were supplemented with myo-inositol - 100 mg/L, casein hydrolyzate - 500-1000 mg/L, L-glutamine - 500 mg/L, sucrose - 30 g/L and agar - 7 g/L. Ascorbic acid at a concentration of 400 mg/L was used as an antioxidant. The level of growth regulators was: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) - 2 mg/L and N6 -benzoaminopurine (BAP) - 1 mg/L. For the proliferation of the ESM, DCR and AI basic media containing 2,4-D (2 mg/L), BAP (0.5 mg/L) and sucrose (20 g/L) were used. The pH was adjusted to pH = 5.8. All culture medium and components were sterilized depending on their termolabile properties. Under aseptic conditions, embryos were removed from megagametophytes and inoculated into nutrient media, 10 explants per flask in 25 replicates. The cultures were incubated in the dark at 24 ± 1 °C. Subcultivation to fresh nutrient medium was carried out every 14 days. To control the quality of cell lines (CL) during subculturing, we performed cytological analyzes using temporary preparations (3-5 preparations for each CL). We evaluated the quality of the embryogenicity of the cultures by the presence of even single structures with pronounced polarity - a globular embryo with a suspensor. The results of the study showed that the induction of callus cultures of Siberian spruce is influenced by such factors as the development stage of the explant, the nutrient medium and the genotype of the donor tree. The introduction of P. obovata immature zygotic embryos into in vitro culture at the stage of the globular embryo, both with megagametophytes and extracted from them, turned out to be ineffective. The induction of callus cultures in Siberian spruce was significantly r
体外培养体细胞胚胎发生生物技术是针叶树生殖研究最有前途的方向。利用该技术，不仅可以大规模繁殖树木的最佳基因型，而且为研究针叶树体细胞胚胎和合子胚胎发生的结构、生理和分子遗传机制提供了模型。本研究的主要目的是获得产生体胚和胚悬块的胚性培养物(ECs)。这些研究是在2014年至2019年期间对生长在克拉斯诺亚尔斯克市附近的30棵西伯利亚云杉进行的。为了检测能够进行体细胞胚胎发生的基因型，每年都选择新的供体树进行实验。每棵树在胚胎发育的不同阶段采集球果3-10个，分别为:球状胚(7月的第一个十年)、子叶发育期(7月的第二个十年)、子叶发育期(7月的第三个十年)和成熟胚(8月)。将绝育的外植体(不同发育阶段的合子胚胎)引入基本培养基DCR (Gupta PK and Durzan DJ, 1985)、½LV (Litvay JD et al.， 1985)、MS (Murashige T and Skoog F, 1962)和AI (Tretyakova in, 2012)的离体培养中。所有培养基均添加肌醇100 mg/L，酪蛋白水解物500-1000 mg/L, L-谷氨酰胺500 mg/L，蔗糖30 g/L，琼脂7 g/L。采用浓度为400 mg/L的抗坏血酸作为抗氧化剂。生长调节剂的水平为2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4- d) - 2 mg/L和N6 -苯甲氨基嘌呤(BAP) - 1 mg/L。为了使ESM增殖，采用含有2,4- d (2mg /L)、BAP (0.5 mg/L)和蔗糖(20 g/L)的DCR和AI基础培养基。将pH调整为pH = 5.8。根据培养基和组分的耐热性对其进行灭菌。在无菌条件下，从巨型蕨类植物中取出胚胎，接种于营养培养基中，每瓶10个外植体，25个重复。培养物在24±1℃的暗箱中孵育。每隔14天向新鲜营养培养基上进行继代培养。为了在传代培养过程中控制细胞系(CL)的质量，我们使用临时制剂(每个CL 3-5个制剂)进行细胞学分析。我们通过存在具有明显极性的单一结构来评估培养物的胚性质量-一个带有悬柄的球形胚胎。结果表明，西伯利亚云杉愈伤组织的诱导受外植体发育阶段、营养培养基和供体基因型等因素的影响。在球形胚阶段将卵形拟合幼胚引入离体培养，无论是巨形拟合胚还是巨形拟合胚的提取，都是无效的。将成熟的合子胚引入离体培养后，西伯利亚云杉愈伤组织的诱导率显著降低。西伯利亚云杉外植体在子叶发育阶段的响应最高(见表1)。在DCR培养基中，90%的外植体形成愈伤组织(见表2)。培养基的矿物成分对西伯利亚云杉愈伤组织形成的诱导影响不显著。MS培养基是个例外，只有41%的外植体形成了愈伤组织(见表2)。DCR培养基中愈伤组织的生长最为活跃。培养6个月后，15-32%的愈伤组织仍有活力(见表2)。愈伤组织培养的细胞学分析显示，愈伤组织包括不同类型的细胞(见图1和图2)。第一类细胞由长度为10±3 μm的细长细胞组成，另一类细胞由直径为60±3.5 μm的等径细胞组成。体细胞胚球和胚管由细长的细胞形成。等径细胞分裂活跃，形成愈伤组织。属于两个供体树的300个细胞系中，只有3个细胞系具有活跃的增殖能力。球状体细胞胚胎在这些细胞系中积极形成(见图3)。形成了一个积极增殖的ESM。因此，我们对影响西伯利亚云杉体细胞胚胎发生的因素进行了综合评价。结果表明，体胚的成功形成不仅取决于供体植株的选择，还取决于外植体的发育阶段。结果表明，西伯利亚云杉离体培养中，合子胚发育的最佳时期是未成熟胚形成子叶的时期，而DCR、½LV和AI培养基中添加生长调节剂(2.4-D和BAP)的效果最佳。
{"title":"Induction of somatic embryogenesis in Siberian spruce (Picea obovata) in in vitro culture","authors":"I. Tretyakova, Maria E. Park, Angelica P. Pakhomova, I. S. Sheveleva, E. Muratova","doi":"10.17223/19988591/54/1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/19988591/54/1","url":null,"abstract":"The biotechnology of somatic embryogenesis in in vitro culture is the most promising direction in the reproduction of conifers. The use of this technology makes it possible not only to massively propagate the best genotypes of trees, but also serves a model for studying the structural, physiological and molecular and genetic mechanisms of both somatic and zygotic embryogenesis in conifers. The main aim of this research was to obtain embryogenic cultures (ECs) producing somatic embryos and embryonic suspension mass (ESM) of Picea obovata. The studies were carried out in 2014-2019 on 30 Siberian spruce trees growing in the vicinity of the city of Krasnoyarsk. To detect genotypes competent for somatic embryogenesis, new donor trees were selected every year for the experiment. 3-10 cones were collected from each tree at different stages of embryo development: globular embryo (the first decade of July), the initiation stage cotyledons (second decade of July), the stage of developed cotyledons (third decade of July) and mature embryos (August). Sterilized explants (zygotic embryos at different stages of development) were introduced into in vitro culture on basic media DCR (Gupta PK and Durzan DJ, 1985), ½LV (Litvay JD et al., 1985), MS (Murashige T and Skoog F, 1962) and AI (Tretyakova IN, 2012). All media were supplemented with myo-inositol - 100 mg/L, casein hydrolyzate - 500-1000 mg/L, L-glutamine - 500 mg/L, sucrose - 30 g/L and agar - 7 g/L. Ascorbic acid at a concentration of 400 mg/L was used as an antioxidant. The level of growth regulators was: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) - 2 mg/L and N6 -benzoaminopurine (BAP) - 1 mg/L. For the proliferation of the ESM, DCR and AI basic media containing 2,4-D (2 mg/L), BAP (0.5 mg/L) and sucrose (20 g/L) were used. The pH was adjusted to pH = 5.8. All culture medium and components were sterilized depending on their termolabile properties. Under aseptic conditions, embryos were removed from megagametophytes and inoculated into nutrient media, 10 explants per flask in 25 replicates. The cultures were incubated in the dark at 24 ± 1 °C. Subcultivation to fresh nutrient medium was carried out every 14 days. To control the quality of cell lines (CL) during subculturing, we performed cytological analyzes using temporary preparations (3-5 preparations for each CL). We evaluated the quality of the embryogenicity of the cultures by the presence of even single structures with pronounced polarity - a globular embryo with a suspensor. The results of the study showed that the induction of callus cultures of Siberian spruce is influenced by such factors as the development stage of the explant, the nutrient medium and the genotype of the donor tree. The introduction of P. obovata immature zygotic embryos into in vitro culture at the stage of the globular embryo, both with megagametophytes and extracted from them, turned out to be ineffective. The induction of callus cultures in Siberian spruce was significantly r","PeriodicalId":37153,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Tomskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta-Biologiya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75201199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mortality of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamark, 1819) depending on sex","authors":"N. Chelyadina, M. Popov","doi":"10.17223/19988591/55/9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/19988591/55/9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37153,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Tomskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta-Biologiya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78560107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuri V. Bushov, V. Ushakov, M. Svetlik, S. Kartashov, V. Orlov
The study of mirror neuron functions is an important problem of modern neurophysiology. According to the currently popular hypothesis, mirror neurons can serve as the neural basis for interpreting actions, mimicking the learning process, and imitating other people’s behavior. However, not all researchers share this view point. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of mirror neurons in interpreting the actions and intentions. The aim of the research was to study the activity of “motor” and “communicative” mirror neurons, as well as cortical interactions at the frequency of the mu rhythm in men and women when observing and reproducing the rhythm, as well as when observing and pronouncing words. Depression of mu rhythm EEG cortical interactions at the frequency on the mu-rhythm band and the results fMRT brain scanning were used as mirror neuron activity markers. The electroencephalographic study involved volunteers, practically healthy men (31) and women (34), students aged 18 to 23 years. During the preliminary examination, we used the Annett questionnaires to identify the leading hand. In the first series, the subject observed the operator’s hand and at the start memorized a five-second rhythm, then with the middle and forefinger of the dominant hand reproduced this rhythm, periodically pressing the space bar. The period of the rhythm was set by a visual stimulus (a white square with a side of 2 cm, periodically appearing for 200 ms in the center of the black screen). In the second and third series, the subject at the start memorized a fivesecond rhythm, after which he reproduced this rhythm with the fingers of his left hand, and then with the right hand. In the fourth series, the subject watched the operator who silently uttered the word “RAZ” with his lips only when the stopwatch hand on the monitor screen crossed divisions 0, 5, 10, etc. seconds. In total, the stopwatch hand made 5 revolutions. In the fifth series, the subject himself silently pronounced the word “RAZ” at the indicated times. Before performing the proposed activity and during its implementation, EEG was recorded monopolar in the frontal (F3, F4, Fz, F7, F8), central (C3, C4, Cz), temporal (T3, T4, T5, T6), parietal (P3, P4, Pz) and occipital (O1, O2) leads according to the “10-20%” system. When processing the obtained data, the maximum values of the cross-correlation functions were calculated and the spectral power was estimated for short (1.5 s), free of artifacts EEG recording segments before 3 s (“Background”) and 1.5 s (“Preparation”) until the moment of transitive action (pressing a key) or speech action and immediately after the specified event 1.5 s (“Performing an action”). In a part of the experiments in the series, observation and reproduction of the rhythm and observation and pronunciation of words allowed us to study the activity of the brain using the fMRI method. These studies involved volunteers: 20 men and 20 women, aged 19 to 27 years, university st
{"title":"The role of mirror neurons in the interpretation of actions and intentions","authors":"Yuri V. Bushov, V. Ushakov, M. Svetlik, S. Kartashov, V. Orlov","doi":"10.17223/19988591/56/4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/19988591/56/4","url":null,"abstract":"The study of mirror neuron functions is an important problem of modern neurophysiology. According to the currently popular hypothesis, mirror neurons can serve as the neural basis for interpreting actions, mimicking the learning process, and imitating other people’s behavior. However, not all researchers share this view point. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of mirror neurons in interpreting the actions and intentions. The aim of the research was to study the activity of “motor” and “communicative” mirror neurons, as well as cortical interactions at the frequency of the mu rhythm in men and women when observing and reproducing the rhythm, as well as when observing and pronouncing words. Depression of mu rhythm EEG cortical interactions at the frequency on the mu-rhythm band and the results fMRT brain scanning were used as mirror neuron activity markers. The electroencephalographic study involved volunteers, practically healthy men (31) and women (34), students aged 18 to 23 years. During the preliminary examination, we used the Annett questionnaires to identify the leading hand. In the first series, the subject observed the operator’s hand and at the start memorized a five-second rhythm, then with the middle and forefinger of the dominant hand reproduced this rhythm, periodically pressing the space bar. The period of the rhythm was set by a visual stimulus (a white square with a side of 2 cm, periodically appearing for 200 ms in the center of the black screen). In the second and third series, the subject at the start memorized a fivesecond rhythm, after which he reproduced this rhythm with the fingers of his left hand, and then with the right hand. In the fourth series, the subject watched the operator who silently uttered the word “RAZ” with his lips only when the stopwatch hand on the monitor screen crossed divisions 0, 5, 10, etc. seconds. In total, the stopwatch hand made 5 revolutions. In the fifth series, the subject himself silently pronounced the word “RAZ” at the indicated times. Before performing the proposed activity and during its implementation, EEG was recorded monopolar in the frontal (F3, F4, Fz, F7, F8), central (C3, C4, Cz), temporal (T3, T4, T5, T6), parietal (P3, P4, Pz) and occipital (O1, O2) leads according to the “10-20%” system. When processing the obtained data, the maximum values of the cross-correlation functions were calculated and the spectral power was estimated for short (1.5 s), free of artifacts EEG recording segments before 3 s (“Background”) and 1.5 s (“Preparation”) until the moment of transitive action (pressing a key) or speech action and immediately after the specified event 1.5 s (“Performing an action”). In a part of the experiments in the series, observation and reproduction of the rhythm and observation and pronunciation of words allowed us to study the activity of the brain using the fMRI method. These studies involved volunteers: 20 men and 20 women, aged 19 to 27 years, university st","PeriodicalId":37153,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Tomskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta-Biologiya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79067657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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