A. Rubtsov, A. Barchenkov, S. R. Kuzmin, Tatyana V. Karpyuk
Forest conservation is one of the main problems in world forestry. Numerous forest fires and widespread fungal pathogens and pests have led to a significant decline in forest areas and biodiversity and the disappearance of valuable populations. The problem of forest conservation and regeneration became especially relevant at the beginning of this century because of increasing wood harvesting. In this case, genetic collections of woody species, including provenance trials, established at different times play an important role in gene pool conservation of the main coniferous species - the forest-forming species in Russia - and in basic and applied problems in the context of climate change and the growing conditions in biogeocoenoses. The special interest in larch research is associated with a wide range of factors, such as inter- and intraspecific differentiation, capability to adapt to stressful growth conditions and the ability to successfully transfer seeds over large distances for creation of plantations with special purposes. The aim of this study was to assess inter- and intraspecific differences in height growth, crown area and length using the example of future generations of different larch species representing different provenances in the provenance trial. We obtained material for this study, located in the provenance trial research plot ‘Pogorelsky bor’ (56°22'06"N, 92°57'23"E) in the forest-steppe of Krasnoyarsk krai, in 2016. Live larch trees in the provenance trial were inventoried using the GIS complex ‘Field-Map’. The total number of inventoried trees was 1674. Nineteen provenances (climatic ecotypes) of various larch species (See Table and Fig. 1) were chosen for comparative analysis of height, crown area and crown length using a nonparametric method - the Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA test and Median test. The crown proportion of tree stems was assessed using median values. Trees with a diameter similar to that of the main sample (121-160 mm; 412 trees) and an alternative sample of trees with a wider diameter (181-220 mm; 291 trees) were chosen for comparative analysis. Such an approach enabled the assessment of different biometric traits of trees while accounting for diameter and similar growth conditions at the trial site. The number of trees in the main sample was 3 and 148 in the two provenances, whereas it ranged from 6 to 48 in the rest of the provenances. In this study, tree height (See Fig. 2) and tree crown length (See Fig. 4) differed between climatic ecotypes of different larch species in the forest-steppe provenance trial of the south Krasnoyarsk region. These differences were related to the origin of the climatypes. We found that larch climatypes from mountain regions showed lower tree height and crown length. We also found that descendants of larch that originated in climatically favourable areas or those connected to the hollows of southern Siberia and the Biryusa and Chuna river basins within the Pre-Sayan province, as well
{"title":"Differentiation of larch (Larix spp.) climatypes in the Central Siberian forest-steppe provenance trial","authors":"A. Rubtsov, A. Barchenkov, S. R. Kuzmin, Tatyana V. Karpyuk","doi":"10.17223/19988591/56/8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/19988591/56/8","url":null,"abstract":"Forest conservation is one of the main problems in world forestry. Numerous forest fires and widespread fungal pathogens and pests have led to a significant decline in forest areas and biodiversity and the disappearance of valuable populations. The problem of forest conservation and regeneration became especially relevant at the beginning of this century because of increasing wood harvesting. In this case, genetic collections of woody species, including provenance trials, established at different times play an important role in gene pool conservation of the main coniferous species - the forest-forming species in Russia - and in basic and applied problems in the context of climate change and the growing conditions in biogeocoenoses. The special interest in larch research is associated with a wide range of factors, such as inter- and intraspecific differentiation, capability to adapt to stressful growth conditions and the ability to successfully transfer seeds over large distances for creation of plantations with special purposes. The aim of this study was to assess inter- and intraspecific differences in height growth, crown area and length using the example of future generations of different larch species representing different provenances in the provenance trial. We obtained material for this study, located in the provenance trial research plot ‘Pogorelsky bor’ (56°22'06\"N, 92°57'23\"E) in the forest-steppe of Krasnoyarsk krai, in 2016. Live larch trees in the provenance trial were inventoried using the GIS complex ‘Field-Map’. The total number of inventoried trees was 1674. Nineteen provenances (climatic ecotypes) of various larch species (See Table and Fig. 1) were chosen for comparative analysis of height, crown area and crown length using a nonparametric method - the Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA test and Median test. The crown proportion of tree stems was assessed using median values. Trees with a diameter similar to that of the main sample (121-160 mm; 412 trees) and an alternative sample of trees with a wider diameter (181-220 mm; 291 trees) were chosen for comparative analysis. Such an approach enabled the assessment of different biometric traits of trees while accounting for diameter and similar growth conditions at the trial site. The number of trees in the main sample was 3 and 148 in the two provenances, whereas it ranged from 6 to 48 in the rest of the provenances. In this study, tree height (See Fig. 2) and tree crown length (See Fig. 4) differed between climatic ecotypes of different larch species in the forest-steppe provenance trial of the south Krasnoyarsk region. These differences were related to the origin of the climatypes. We found that larch climatypes from mountain regions showed lower tree height and crown length. We also found that descendants of larch that originated in climatically favourable areas or those connected to the hollows of southern Siberia and the Biryusa and Chuna river basins within the Pre-Sayan province, as well","PeriodicalId":37153,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Tomskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta-Biologiya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82430040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bats have been living next to people for a long time, and they have successfully inhabited cities. Abundant information on the peculiarities of their ecology in urban conditions has been obtained for North America, Australia and Europe. Research of this problem for Russia is not numerous and is of interest. This paper presents information on the population of bats in the large industrial city of Yekaterinburg. The main aim is to study the species diversity and spatial distribution of bats, taking into account three factors that determine the quality of the animal habitat in the city (the presence of areas of woody vegetation and water-bodies as a feeding station; various buildings as suitable shelters). Yekaterinburg is located in Russia, close to the Asian-European border (56°50'N, 60°35'E.). Animals were observed and captured during the warm season using a mobile trap and a MAGENTA ELECTRONICS MK II ultrasonic detector (England). Museum materials (Yekaterinburg, Russia, Ural Federal University named after B.N.Yeltsin, Sverdlovsk Regional Museum, Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology UB RAS - IPAE 983653, IPAE 773780) were examined. The study was conducted according to the guidelines of international and national guidelines, and approved by the Ethics Commitee of IPAE UB RAS (protocol №11 29.04.2022). All captured animals were released into nature. Residents reported information about the distribution of animals (125 detection points of bats) for the period 2001-2020. For analysis, two zones of the built-up area of the city without forest parks were identified: zone I - the center and zone II - the remaining built-up part (See Fig. 1). To analyze spatial distribution, distances from the detection points of animals to the nearest squares, alleys, parks, forest parks, floodplain areas and city water-bodies of various sizes were calculated. In the vicinity of encounters and captures, urban buildings are described as sites of potential refuges (material, number of storeys). In total, more than 110 individuals of 5 species were counted during the surveys (See Table 1). The migratory species Vespertilio murinus, and sedentary species wintering in Ural caves - Eptesicus nils-sonii, Myotis daubentonii, M. dasycneme were found in zones I and II. M. brandtii (reported by V.E. Polyakov) was found in the forest-park zone. V. murinus is predominant, and E. nilssonii is the second largest. Both species were found in the city during the warm season (forming brood colonies) and, possibly, they overwinter in the city. Most of the bats were found near brick and panel 2-16-storey houses (See Fig. 2-a). In zone I, the detection points near older 2-6-storey buildings were significantly more frequent (х2 = 3.7; p < 0.05). In zone II, outside the center, the detection points of bats near 9-16 storey buildings were significantly more frequent = 6.4; p < 0.05). Most detections (81%) of bats in the city as a whole were observed in the immediate vicinity or at a distance
{"title":"Community and spatial distribution of bats (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) in the industrial city Yekaterinburg","authors":"Eugenia M. Pervushina","doi":"10.17223/19988591/57/5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/19988591/57/5","url":null,"abstract":"Bats have been living next to people for a long time, and they have successfully inhabited cities. Abundant information on the peculiarities of their ecology in urban conditions has been obtained for North America, Australia and Europe. Research of this problem for Russia is not numerous and is of interest. This paper presents information on the population of bats in the large industrial city of Yekaterinburg. The main aim is to study the species diversity and spatial distribution of bats, taking into account three factors that determine the quality of the animal habitat in the city (the presence of areas of woody vegetation and water-bodies as a feeding station; various buildings as suitable shelters). Yekaterinburg is located in Russia, close to the Asian-European border (56°50'N, 60°35'E.). Animals were observed and captured during the warm season using a mobile trap and a MAGENTA ELECTRONICS MK II ultrasonic detector (England). Museum materials (Yekaterinburg, Russia, Ural Federal University named after B.N.Yeltsin, Sverdlovsk Regional Museum, Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology UB RAS - IPAE 983653, IPAE 773780) were examined. The study was conducted according to the guidelines of international and national guidelines, and approved by the Ethics Commitee of IPAE UB RAS (protocol №11 29.04.2022). All captured animals were released into nature. Residents reported information about the distribution of animals (125 detection points of bats) for the period 2001-2020. For analysis, two zones of the built-up area of the city without forest parks were identified: zone I - the center and zone II - the remaining built-up part (See Fig. 1). To analyze spatial distribution, distances from the detection points of animals to the nearest squares, alleys, parks, forest parks, floodplain areas and city water-bodies of various sizes were calculated. In the vicinity of encounters and captures, urban buildings are described as sites of potential refuges (material, number of storeys). In total, more than 110 individuals of 5 species were counted during the surveys (See Table 1). The migratory species Vespertilio murinus, and sedentary species wintering in Ural caves - Eptesicus nils-sonii, Myotis daubentonii, M. dasycneme were found in zones I and II. M. brandtii (reported by V.E. Polyakov) was found in the forest-park zone. V. murinus is predominant, and E. nilssonii is the second largest. Both species were found in the city during the warm season (forming brood colonies) and, possibly, they overwinter in the city. Most of the bats were found near brick and panel 2-16-storey houses (See Fig. 2-a). In zone I, the detection points near older 2-6-storey buildings were significantly more frequent (х2 = 3.7; p < 0.05). In zone II, outside the center, the detection points of bats near 9-16 storey buildings were significantly more frequent = 6.4; p < 0.05). Most detections (81%) of bats in the city as a whole were observed in the immediate vicinity or at a distance ","PeriodicalId":37153,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Tomskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta-Biologiya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88355535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Psychrophilic bacteria are a large group of microorganisms that prevail in low-temperature ecosystems. Psychrophilic bacteria have undergone a number of adaptations that help them exist in such conditions. One of such adaptations is the use of enzymes with a high specific activity at low temperatures. Such enzymes are usually called “cold-active.” These enzymes have potential applications in biotechnology and industry. In our review, we considered individual genera of psychrophilic bacteria, current global trends in the study of cold-active enzymes, their applications, and place in industrial biotechnology. Thus, the main goal of this study was to explore the diversity of psychrophilic bacteria, as well as opportunities of their application in biotechnology. The natural ecological sites of psychrophiles are numerous and varied. Psychrophiles form a permanent microflora of eternal cold regions, polar regions and oceans. Bacteria belonging to this group are found in soil, water or associated with plants and animals. An important site for psychrophilic microorganisms is a low-temperature water reservoir. At present, many new genera of psychrophiles and psychrotrophs have been derived from the bottom sediments and sea waters of the Arctic and Antarctic and described. Psychrophilic microorganisms are found in caves and in ancient ice crystal structures. The latter testifies to the very possibility of the super-long anabiosis phenomenon, as well as vital capacity preservation without division for a long period of time. Psychrophiles do not have a single form, they belong to at least several phylogenetic groups. Psychrophilic forms are found among the representatives of a large number of genera. There are no common physiological and biochemical parameters typical of psychrophilic bacteria. They comprise rods, cocci, vibrios, gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, bacteria that produce and do not produce spores, strict aerobes, facultative and strict anaerobes. We lay greater emphasis on the diversity of psychrophilic bacteria capable of producing industrially important enzymes. The review considers bacteria belonging to the genera Vibrio and Aliivibrio, Pseudomonas, Achromobacter, Arthrobacter, Pseudoalteromonas, Bacillus, Clostridium, Micrococcus, Psychrobacter, Psychromonas, Flavobacterium, and psychrophilic methanotrophic microorganisms. These bacteria enzymes are used in agriculture, biotechnology, pharmaceuticals and household chemicals, as well as other sectors of the national economy. Psychrophilic bacteria produce a chemical compound that can be used in medicine. For example, Pseudomonas antarctica contains a cluster of genes encoding microcin B, R-type pyocins, adenosylcobalamin, and pyrroloquinoline quinone. Thus, P. antarctica has antibiotic activity. Psychrobacter proteolyticus also has an antineoplastic action and secrets an extracellular cold-adapted metalloproteinase being able to inhibit the space-occupying process. Cold-active metall
{"title":"Diversity of Psychrophilic Colonies and Their Biotechnological Potential","authors":"M. Sidorenko, Daria A. Rusakova","doi":"10.17223/19988591/58/2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/19988591/58/2","url":null,"abstract":"Psychrophilic bacteria are a large group of microorganisms that prevail in low-temperature ecosystems. Psychrophilic bacteria have undergone a number of adaptations that help them exist in such conditions. One of such adaptations is the use of enzymes with a high specific activity at low temperatures. Such enzymes are usually called “cold-active.” These enzymes have potential applications in biotechnology and industry. In our review, we considered individual genera of psychrophilic bacteria, current global trends in the study of cold-active enzymes, their applications, and place in industrial biotechnology. Thus, the main goal of this study was to explore the diversity of psychrophilic bacteria, as well as opportunities of their application in biotechnology. The natural ecological sites of psychrophiles are numerous and varied. Psychrophiles form a permanent microflora of eternal cold regions, polar regions and oceans. Bacteria belonging to this group are found in soil, water or associated with plants and animals. An important site for psychrophilic microorganisms is a low-temperature water reservoir. At present, many new genera of psychrophiles and psychrotrophs have been derived from the bottom sediments and sea waters of the Arctic and Antarctic and described. Psychrophilic microorganisms are found in caves and in ancient ice crystal structures. The latter testifies to the very possibility of the super-long anabiosis phenomenon, as well as vital capacity preservation without division for a long period of time. Psychrophiles do not have a single form, they belong to at least several phylogenetic groups. Psychrophilic forms are found among the representatives of a large number of genera. There are no common physiological and biochemical parameters typical of psychrophilic bacteria. They comprise rods, cocci, vibrios, gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, bacteria that produce and do not produce spores, strict aerobes, facultative and strict anaerobes. We lay greater emphasis on the diversity of psychrophilic bacteria capable of producing industrially important enzymes. The review considers bacteria belonging to the genera Vibrio and Aliivibrio, Pseudomonas, Achromobacter, Arthrobacter, Pseudoalteromonas, Bacillus, Clostridium, Micrococcus, Psychrobacter, Psychromonas, Flavobacterium, and psychrophilic methanotrophic microorganisms. These bacteria enzymes are used in agriculture, biotechnology, pharmaceuticals and household chemicals, as well as other sectors of the national economy. Psychrophilic bacteria produce a chemical compound that can be used in medicine. For example, Pseudomonas antarctica contains a cluster of genes encoding microcin B, R-type pyocins, adenosylcobalamin, and pyrroloquinoline quinone. Thus, P. antarctica has antibiotic activity. Psychrobacter proteolyticus also has an antineoplastic action and secrets an extracellular cold-adapted metalloproteinase being able to inhibit the space-occupying process. Cold-active metall","PeriodicalId":37153,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Tomskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta-Biologiya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80350294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Being part of a wide variety of soil invertebrates, earthworms play an important role in soil organic matter (SOM) accumulation, mixing and transformation. The goal of this study is to detect organic and mineral particles in the particle-size distributions (PSD) of the casts of Aporrectodea caliginosa and Lumbricus rubellus. The two hypotheses of this study are as follows: (a) earthworms change PSD by grinding organic matter (OM), and (b) PSD without OM does not vary in all the variants. For the first time ever, the authors studied PSD before and after OM oxidation in casts. For the first time ever, they also described the increase in the content of mineral particles in the casts of A. caliginosa and L. rubellus that was not observed in the control samples. The soil did not contain particles of >100 gm (based on the performed particle-size distribution analysis). The experimental site was located 15 km to the north of V. V. Alekhin Central Black Earth State Biosphere Reserve. In 1947, a black earth plot having an area of 0.6 hectares was ploughed under regularly mowed virgin motley grass-meadow vegetation within the Reserve territory (51°34'12.5"N 36°05'22.5" E). In this study, we used a model experiment based on microcosms with earthworms. We took soil from the arable black earth horizon of Kursk Region (51°37'17.1" N; 36°15'42.0" E). This type of soil was Protocalcic Chernozem (Loamic, Pachic). The microcosms belonged to four variants: soil, soil&litter, soil&litter and worms (A. caliginosa), soil&litter and worms (L. rubellus). All the variants had four replications. We took a total of 24 samples (an average sample from 10 different parts of the microcosm) from each variant based on replications and sampling timing (Figure 2). We measured the total content of C after dry combustion in an oxygen stream at 1,000 °C with the AN-7529 carbon analyzer (Gomel Plant of Measuring Devices, Republic of Belarus) using the method of automatic coulometric titration. For our PSD analysis, we used the laser diffractometer Malvern Mastersizer 3000E with a helium-neon red light at a wavelength of 632.8 nm, and the 600ml Hydro LV dispersing device. The measurement ranges of particle sizes were from 0.01 to 2,000 gm (Malvern Panalytical Inc., GB). We determined PSD in soil samples and casts before and after OM oxidation. The laboratory model experiment variants had four replications. We performed a carbon content analysis in three dimensions for each sample. We obtained PSD results in six replications, each of which being an average value of three sample suspension scans. The figures show arithmetic mean values for the replications and the confidence intervals of a standard deviation at the significance level (a = 0.05) calculated using Excel (2010). We made an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a principal component analysis (PCA) using additive logarithmic ratio transformation for data normalization. The contribution of the earthworm A. caliginosa to SOM accumula
{"title":"Size and Content of Organic Particles in the Casts of Aporrectodea caliginosa and Lumbricus rubellus (Model Experiment)","authors":"O. A. Frolov, E. Milanovskiy","doi":"10.17223/19988591/58/1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/19988591/58/1","url":null,"abstract":"Being part of a wide variety of soil invertebrates, earthworms play an important role in soil organic matter (SOM) accumulation, mixing and transformation. The goal of this study is to detect organic and mineral particles in the particle-size distributions (PSD) of the casts of Aporrectodea caliginosa and Lumbricus rubellus. The two hypotheses of this study are as follows: (a) earthworms change PSD by grinding organic matter (OM), and (b) PSD without OM does not vary in all the variants. For the first time ever, the authors studied PSD before and after OM oxidation in casts. For the first time ever, they also described the increase in the content of mineral particles in the casts of A. caliginosa and L. rubellus that was not observed in the control samples. The soil did not contain particles of >100 gm (based on the performed particle-size distribution analysis). The experimental site was located 15 km to the north of V. V. Alekhin Central Black Earth State Biosphere Reserve. In 1947, a black earth plot having an area of 0.6 hectares was ploughed under regularly mowed virgin motley grass-meadow vegetation within the Reserve territory (51°34'12.5\"N 36°05'22.5\" E). In this study, we used a model experiment based on microcosms with earthworms. We took soil from the arable black earth horizon of Kursk Region (51°37'17.1\" N; 36°15'42.0\" E). This type of soil was Protocalcic Chernozem (Loamic, Pachic). The microcosms belonged to four variants: soil, soil&litter, soil&litter and worms (A. caliginosa), soil&litter and worms (L. rubellus). All the variants had four replications. We took a total of 24 samples (an average sample from 10 different parts of the microcosm) from each variant based on replications and sampling timing (Figure 2). We measured the total content of C after dry combustion in an oxygen stream at 1,000 °C with the AN-7529 carbon analyzer (Gomel Plant of Measuring Devices, Republic of Belarus) using the method of automatic coulometric titration. For our PSD analysis, we used the laser diffractometer Malvern Mastersizer 3000E with a helium-neon red light at a wavelength of 632.8 nm, and the 600ml Hydro LV dispersing device. The measurement ranges of particle sizes were from 0.01 to 2,000 gm (Malvern Panalytical Inc., GB). We determined PSD in soil samples and casts before and after OM oxidation. The laboratory model experiment variants had four replications. We performed a carbon content analysis in three dimensions for each sample. We obtained PSD results in six replications, each of which being an average value of three sample suspension scans. The figures show arithmetic mean values for the replications and the confidence intervals of a standard deviation at the significance level (a = 0.05) calculated using Excel (2010). We made an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a principal component analysis (PCA) using additive logarithmic ratio transformation for data normalization. The contribution of the earthworm A. caliginosa to SOM accumula","PeriodicalId":37153,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Tomskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta-Biologiya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88009666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Paraskiv, N. Tereshchenko, V. Proskurnin, O. Chuzhikova-Proskurnina, A. Trapeznikov, Anatoliy P. Plataev
The accumulation ability of marine ecosystems biotic and abiotic components is one of the water masses self-purification mechanisms. Hydrobionts and suspended matter accumulate anthropogenic substances from the water, thereby contributing to its self-purification. It is important to study the quantitative characteristics of this process in order to assess the ecological state of aquatic ecosystems and a possible impact of anthropogenic substances on marine organisms and ensure their protection. Anthropogenic substances entering the water systems include technogenic radionuclides. Among them, the plutonium radioisotopes 239+240Pu occupy a special place. Being long-lived alpha-emitting radioisotopes, 239+240Pu are especially dangerous if they enter inside the organism. Therefore, it is required to assess hydrobionts accumulation ability in relation to these radioisotopes, and the dose loads that they create on marine biota. This study was carried out in Sevastopol Bay of the Black Sea which was subjected to pollution by anthropogenic radionuclides and is currently serving as a model object for studying the redistribution of 239+240Pu in marine coastal ecosystems. This work was aimed to assess the accumulation ability of hydrobionts and suspended matter in relation to plutonium and the dose loads created by 239+240Pu on marine organisms, representatives of different trophic levels, based on determining the 239+240Pu activity concentration in the components of the bay ecosystem. Representatives of multicellular brown and green algae, bivalves, demersal and pelagic fish, crabs and zooplankton of the subclass Copepoda were studied. The 239+240Pu activity concentration in the ecosystem components was determined by standard radiochemical methods and alpha-spectrometry. The accumulation ability of hydrobionts and suspended matter in relation to 239+240Pu was estimated by the concentration factors (Cf). The dose loads on marine biota were calculated using the ERICA Assessment Tool 2.0 software package. It was found that suspended matter has the highest accumulation ability among the studied components (Cf 239+240Pu – n·105), as well as bivalve mollusks, perennial multicellular brown algae and pelagic predatory fish among the studied hydrobionts (Cf 239+240Pu – n·103). It is concluded that the processes of plutonium redistribution in the bay lead to its deposition in the bottom sediments and long-term biotic components of the bay. At the same time, 239+240Pu are not removed from the ecosystem and, under certain conditions, they can enter the water as secondary pollution. The critical links of the trophic chain in the bay ecosystem according to the dose loads are determined for the link of primary producers: phytoplankton and perennial brown algae, for consumers of the first order – bivalve mollusks, for consumers of the second order – pelagic predatory fish. The paper contains 5 Figures, 1 Tables, and 48 References.
{"title":"Accumulation Ability of Hydrobionts and Suspended Matter in Relation to Plutonium Radioisotopes in Coastal Waters (Sevastopol Bay, the Black Sea)","authors":"A. Paraskiv, N. Tereshchenko, V. Proskurnin, O. Chuzhikova-Proskurnina, A. Trapeznikov, Anatoliy P. Plataev","doi":"10.17223/19988591/60/5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/19988591/60/5","url":null,"abstract":"The accumulation ability of marine ecosystems biotic and abiotic components is one of the water masses self-purification mechanisms. Hydrobionts and suspended matter accumulate anthropogenic substances from the water, thereby contributing to its self-purification. It is important to study the quantitative characteristics of this process in order to assess the ecological state of aquatic ecosystems and a possible impact of anthropogenic substances on marine organisms and ensure their protection. Anthropogenic substances entering the water systems include technogenic radionuclides. Among them, the plutonium radioisotopes 239+240Pu occupy a special place. Being long-lived alpha-emitting radioisotopes, 239+240Pu are especially dangerous if they enter inside the organism. Therefore, it is required to assess hydrobionts accumulation ability in relation to these radioisotopes, and the dose loads that they create on marine biota. This study was carried out in Sevastopol Bay of the Black Sea which was subjected to pollution by anthropogenic radionuclides and is currently serving as a model object for studying the redistribution of 239+240Pu in marine coastal ecosystems. This work was aimed to assess the accumulation ability of hydrobionts and suspended matter in relation to plutonium and the dose loads created by 239+240Pu on marine organisms, representatives of different trophic levels, based on determining the 239+240Pu activity concentration in the components of the bay ecosystem. Representatives of multicellular brown and green algae, bivalves, demersal and pelagic fish, crabs and zooplankton of the subclass Copepoda were studied. The 239+240Pu activity concentration in the ecosystem components was determined by standard radiochemical methods and alpha-spectrometry. The accumulation ability of hydrobionts and suspended matter in relation to 239+240Pu was estimated by the concentration factors (Cf). The dose loads on marine biota were calculated using the ERICA Assessment Tool 2.0 software package. It was found that suspended matter has the highest accumulation ability among the studied components (Cf 239+240Pu – n·105), as well as bivalve mollusks, perennial multicellular brown algae and pelagic predatory fish among the studied hydrobionts (Cf 239+240Pu – n·103). It is concluded that the processes of plutonium redistribution in the bay lead to its deposition in the bottom sediments and long-term biotic components of the bay. At the same time, 239+240Pu are not removed from the ecosystem and, under certain conditions, they can enter the water as secondary pollution. The critical links of the trophic chain in the bay ecosystem according to the dose loads are determined for the link of primary producers: phytoplankton and perennial brown algae, for consumers of the first order – bivalve mollusks, for consumers of the second order – pelagic predatory fish. The paper contains 5 Figures, 1 Tables, and 48 References.","PeriodicalId":37153,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Tomskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta-Biologiya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81240077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. S. Kovtun, M. Filonova, A. Borisova, A. Sazonov
Biobanks are a valuable resource for conducting all types of studies, since they are fundamental structures which contain accessible and defined biological samples of various types and related data. Biobanking includes collection, treatment, storage and distribution of samples and allows conducting a wide range of biomedical research with a significant number of samples, thus ensuring the quality of results and compliance with standard laboratory methods. The literature search confirmed an insignificant activity in the animal biobanking sector when compared to that of human biobanking. In addition, the collection of samples associated with farm livestock is of considerable scientific and practical interest. Experimental work, which is carried out using the biological material collected and stored during large-scale studies (also involving the capabilities of citizen science), allows not only identifying the parameters characteristic of animal physiology features, but also discovering new types of biotechnologically promising microorganisms. The approach to the sampling process requires special attention, since the quality of the selected biological material is crucial in the research process. Moreover, the methods and approaches of citizen science can significantly expand the territorial and geographical coverage of sampling sites, which will enable to increase the reliability of the scientific data obtained. The biobank acts as a link connecting professional studies and "citizen science", organizes and coordinates the process of their interaction. The paper presents the experience of organizing the biobank of Tomsk State University which is aimed to store the samples of metabolic by-products of agriculturally significant animals (manure, droppings, compost, and samples of fermented dairy products). In addition, the strains of agriculturally significant microorganisms isolated while studying the collected biological material are stored in the biobank. The biobank acts as a unique structure of its kind, a "universal tool" created for implementation of large-scale research projects. When implementing major biological research projects which involve conducting large-scale studies (for example, the projects as part of the federal scientific and technical program for the development of genetic technologies for 2019-2027 approved by the Russian Federation Government Decree No 1930 as of December 28, 2019), there arises an urgent issue of obtaining biological material for the studies. As part of the project under implementation, The TSU Biobank of Agriculturally Significant Microorganisms (TSU Biobank of ASM), a bioresource collection of the samples of metabolic by-products of agriculturally significant animals and strains of agriculturally significant microorganisms isolated while studying the collected biological material was created. The biobank was created in order to ensure proper storage conditions for the samples, cultures of ASM, and genomic DNA
生物库是进行所有类型研究的宝贵资源，因为它们是包含可获取和定义的各种类型生物样本和相关数据的基本结构。生物银行包括样品的收集、处理、储存和分发，并允许使用大量样品进行广泛的生物医学研究，从而确保结果的质量并符合标准的实验室方法。文献检索证实，与人类生物银行相比，动物生物银行部门的活动微不足道。此外，收集与农场牲畜有关的样本具有相当大的科学和实际意义。实验工作是利用在大规模研究期间收集和储存的生物材料(也涉及公民科学的能力)进行的，不仅可以确定动物生理特征的参数特征，还可以发现生物技术上有前景的新型微生物。采样过程的方法需要特别注意，因为所选生物材料的质量在研究过程中至关重要。此外，公民科学的方法和途径可以显著扩大采样点的地域和地理覆盖范围，从而提高所获得的科学数据的可靠性。生物库作为专业研究和“公民科学”之间的纽带，组织和协调他们相互作用的过程。本文介绍了组织托木斯克国立大学生物库的经验，该生物库旨在存储农业重要动物(粪便，粪便，堆肥和发酵乳制品样品)的代谢副产物样本。此外，在研究收集的生物材料时分离出的具有农业意义的微生物菌株被储存在生物库中。生物库是同类中独一无二的结构，是为实施大规模研究项目而创建的“通用工具”。在实施涉及大规模研究的重大生物研究项目时(例如，2019年12月28日俄罗斯联邦政府第1930号法令批准的2019-2027年遗传技术发展联邦科学技术计划的一部分项目)，出现了获取研究生物材料的紧急问题。作为正在实施的项目的一部分，TSU农业重要微生物生物样本库(TSU bioobank of agricultural Significant microbes，简称TSU bioobank of ASM)建立了一个生物资源库，收集了在研究收集的生物材料时分离的农业重要动物的代谢副产物样本和农业重要微生物菌株。生物库的建立是为了确保在项目实施过程中收集的样品、ASM培养物和基因组DNA的适当储存条件，并提供有关样品和生物材料来源及其在生物技术中的使用的信息。设计了生物银行条例- -一份规范生物银行活动的文件- -并提出了指导生物银行活动的文件清单。还提供了一般规定，包括组织生物库活动的一般要求、其职能和权力以及接收/储存/分发生物材料和相关信息的规则。生物库是专业科学与公民科学之间的独特纽带。在生物银行的背景下，专业科学家的工作可以与“公民科学家”的贡献相结合。在这种情况下，生物样本库作为一个控制环节，是评估进入生物样本库的生物材料质量的标准和方法的来源，因为收到的生物材料的质量可能会因收集样本的人员的专业程度而有很大差异。本文包含2张图，22篇参考文献。
{"title":"The Study of Metabolic By-Products of Farm Livestock: Prospects for the Creation of a Biobank","authors":"I. S. Kovtun, M. Filonova, A. Borisova, A. Sazonov","doi":"10.17223/19988591/60/1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/19988591/60/1","url":null,"abstract":"Biobanks are a valuable resource for conducting all types of studies, since they are fundamental structures which contain accessible and defined biological samples of various types and related data. Biobanking includes collection, treatment, storage and distribution of samples and allows conducting a wide range of biomedical research with a significant number of samples, thus ensuring the quality of results and compliance with standard laboratory methods. The literature search confirmed an insignificant activity in the animal biobanking sector when compared to that of human biobanking. In addition, the collection of samples associated with farm livestock is of considerable scientific and practical interest. Experimental work, which is carried out using the biological material collected and stored during large-scale studies (also involving the capabilities of citizen science), allows not only identifying the parameters characteristic of animal physiology features, but also discovering new types of biotechnologically promising microorganisms. The approach to the sampling process requires special attention, since the quality of the selected biological material is crucial in the research process. Moreover, the methods and approaches of citizen science can significantly expand the territorial and geographical coverage of sampling sites, which will enable to increase the reliability of the scientific data obtained. The biobank acts as a link connecting professional studies and \"citizen science\", organizes and coordinates the process of their interaction. The paper presents the experience of organizing the biobank of Tomsk State University which is aimed to store the samples of metabolic by-products of agriculturally significant animals (manure, droppings, compost, and samples of fermented dairy products). In addition, the strains of agriculturally significant microorganisms isolated while studying the collected biological material are stored in the biobank. The biobank acts as a unique structure of its kind, a \"universal tool\" created for implementation of large-scale research projects. When implementing major biological research projects which involve conducting large-scale studies (for example, the projects as part of the federal scientific and technical program for the development of genetic technologies for 2019-2027 approved by the Russian Federation Government Decree No 1930 as of December 28, 2019), there arises an urgent issue of obtaining biological material for the studies. As part of the project under implementation, The TSU Biobank of Agriculturally Significant Microorganisms (TSU Biobank of ASM), a bioresource collection of the samples of metabolic by-products of agriculturally significant animals and strains of agriculturally significant microorganisms isolated while studying the collected biological material was created. The biobank was created in order to ensure proper storage conditions for the samples, cultures of ASM, and genomic DNA","PeriodicalId":37153,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Tomskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta-Biologiya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81810066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bird songs are one of the most difficult acoustic signals in wildlife, the main functions of which are to attract a sexual partner and protect the territory. The size of the song repertoire and the structure of the song are important indicators reflecting the "quality" of the male. They are related to its size, coloration, immune status, and attractiveness to females. At the same time, the variability of the repertoire with age remains an insufficiently studied aspect. The aim of this work was to study the main parameters of the repertoire, the structural elements of songs and their age-related changes in the “Tomsk” population of the pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca). We collected materials in the period from 2014 to 2020, in the area of natural habitat of the pied flycatcher, located 12 km from the city of Tomsk (56°20'56,1"N, 84°57'06"E). The study included individuals with precisely known ages. The recordings of singing of 26 males were analyzed, divided into three age groups: I - one-yearolds (n = 10); II - biennial (n = 11); III - males aged three years and older (n = 5). None of the birds in the study was harmed. Sequences of 75 songs were analyzed for all males. The number of figures and their types were counted in the song (see Fig. 1). At the first meeting, each type of figure was assigned an individual number and entered into the working directory. Song diversity was the ratio of the number of types of figures in a song to the total number of figures in it, expressed as a percentage. In the study group, 132 types of song figures were identified. The size of the individual repertoire ranged from 17 to 64 types of figures. The basis of the song repertoire can be considered 34 types of figures, the total share of which in the song sequences was 72.8%. They are noted in the repertoire of 88.5-42.3% of males. In our study, we relied on 12 types of figures, which are represented in each age group in 61.5-88.5% of males. With age, the pied flycatcher shows an increase in the size of the repertoire, the variety of songs (See Fig. 3), as well as a significant reduction in the number of figures in a song from the third year of life (See Table 1). The analysis of the general song sequence made it possible to distinguish the following stable structural components of the song: "bimotive", "monomotive", "trill", and "connector" starting element (See Fig. 5). The main element of the pied flycatcher's song is the bimotive - a construction consisting of two types of figures. The most common were bimotives 21→22, 24→62, 1→2, which account for 23.6% of the total song sequence. An analysis of the frequency of using these bimotives by birds of different ages showed that the figures in the bimotive 21→22 are similarly represented in all age groups (See Table 2). With age, the use of bimotive 24→62 significantly increases, while the use of bimotive 1→2 is steadily decreasing. The patterns of using bimotives with age are based on differences in the frequen
{"title":"The structure of song repertoires of the Tomsk population of the pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) and their age-related variability","authors":"S. Gashkov, A. E. Bastrikova, N. S. Moskvitina","doi":"10.17223/19988591/57/3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/19988591/57/3","url":null,"abstract":"Bird songs are one of the most difficult acoustic signals in wildlife, the main functions of which are to attract a sexual partner and protect the territory. The size of the song repertoire and the structure of the song are important indicators reflecting the \"quality\" of the male. They are related to its size, coloration, immune status, and attractiveness to females. At the same time, the variability of the repertoire with age remains an insufficiently studied aspect. The aim of this work was to study the main parameters of the repertoire, the structural elements of songs and their age-related changes in the “Tomsk” population of the pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca). We collected materials in the period from 2014 to 2020, in the area of natural habitat of the pied flycatcher, located 12 km from the city of Tomsk (56°20'56,1\"N, 84°57'06\"E). The study included individuals with precisely known ages. The recordings of singing of 26 males were analyzed, divided into three age groups: I - one-yearolds (n = 10); II - biennial (n = 11); III - males aged three years and older (n = 5). None of the birds in the study was harmed. Sequences of 75 songs were analyzed for all males. The number of figures and their types were counted in the song (see Fig. 1). At the first meeting, each type of figure was assigned an individual number and entered into the working directory. Song diversity was the ratio of the number of types of figures in a song to the total number of figures in it, expressed as a percentage. In the study group, 132 types of song figures were identified. The size of the individual repertoire ranged from 17 to 64 types of figures. The basis of the song repertoire can be considered 34 types of figures, the total share of which in the song sequences was 72.8%. They are noted in the repertoire of 88.5-42.3% of males. In our study, we relied on 12 types of figures, which are represented in each age group in 61.5-88.5% of males. With age, the pied flycatcher shows an increase in the size of the repertoire, the variety of songs (See Fig. 3), as well as a significant reduction in the number of figures in a song from the third year of life (See Table 1). The analysis of the general song sequence made it possible to distinguish the following stable structural components of the song: \"bimotive\", \"monomotive\", \"trill\", and \"connector\" starting element (See Fig. 5). The main element of the pied flycatcher's song is the bimotive - a construction consisting of two types of figures. The most common were bimotives 21→22, 24→62, 1→2, which account for 23.6% of the total song sequence. An analysis of the frequency of using these bimotives by birds of different ages showed that the figures in the bimotive 21→22 are similarly represented in all age groups (See Table 2). With age, the use of bimotive 24→62 significantly increases, while the use of bimotive 1→2 is steadily decreasing. The patterns of using bimotives with age are based on differences in the frequen","PeriodicalId":37153,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Tomskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta-Biologiya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86360798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is an extracellular product of bacterial metabolism. Like plant cellulose, BC has the same molecular formula but its structure is significantly different. Due to its unique properties (high degree of crystallinity, purity, good water-holding capacity), BC is widely used in many areas of human life. However, despite all the advantages of BC over plant polymers, its production is a relatively expensive process. Thus, one of the ways to increase the polymer yield can be to jointly cultivate a BC producer strain with other polysaccharide producers. The positive effect of some water-soluble polysaccharides on the BC output is known from the literature data. In addition, many biosynthetic genes remain silent and not expressed in vitro, thereby severely limiting the chemical diversity of microbial compounds that can be obtained by fermentation. In contrast, the co-cultivation of two or more different microorganisms mimics a real "situation" where microorganisms coexist in complex microbial communities. It has been proven that competition or antagonism occurring within co-cultivation leads to a significant increase in the existing compounds and / or accumulation of new compounds which are not found in axial cultures of the producer strain. The purpose of this study is to investigate cocultivation as a way to increase the yield of BC during the cultivation of BC producers with other polysaccharide-forming strains. The strain of Komagataeibacter sucrofermentans B-11267 was used as a BC producer, Xanthomonas campestris was used as a xanthan producer, and Leuconostoc mesenteroides was used as a dextran producer. The cultivation was carried out under dynamic conditions on a medium with molasses. The polysaccharide yield was expressed as the absolute dry weight of the polymers per unit volume of the culture medium. We have studied the BC morphology using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and FTIR spectroscopy. Crystallinity was checked by X-ray diffraction analysis. The interest in BC makes it necessary to synthesize it in large quantities on an industrial scale. The problem of increasing productivity was solved by co-cultivating the BC producer Komagataeibacter sucrofermentans with the producers of dextran Leuconostoc mesenteroides and xanthan Xanthomonas campestris, since the addition of water-soluble polysaccharides is known to increase the viscosity of the medium and facilitate the dispersion of bacterial cellulose granules. Thereby increasing the number of free cells, which can accelerate sugar consumption and polymer formation. At the first stage of the study, the most optimal conditions for co-cultivation of the BC producer with the producers of xanthan and dextran were selected, namely, the optimal pH value of the medium. Monoculture of bacteria X. campestris, L. mesenteroides, and K. sucrofermentans was carried out at different pH values (See Fig. 1-3). Based on the data obtained, we can say that the most optimal pH value for co-c
{"title":"The Production of Bacterial Cellulose by Co-Cultivation of Komagataeibacter sucrofermentans with Dextran Producers Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Xanthan Xanthomonas campestris","authors":"N. Nazarova, E. Liyaskina, V. Revin","doi":"10.17223/19988591/60/2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/19988591/60/2","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial cellulose (BC) is an extracellular product of bacterial metabolism. Like plant cellulose, BC has the same molecular formula but its structure is significantly different. Due to its unique properties (high degree of crystallinity, purity, good water-holding capacity), BC is widely used in many areas of human life. However, despite all the advantages of BC over plant polymers, its production is a relatively expensive process. Thus, one of the ways to increase the polymer yield can be to jointly cultivate a BC producer strain with other polysaccharide producers. The positive effect of some water-soluble polysaccharides on the BC output is known from the literature data. In addition, many biosynthetic genes remain silent and not expressed in vitro, thereby severely limiting the chemical diversity of microbial compounds that can be obtained by fermentation. In contrast, the co-cultivation of two or more different microorganisms mimics a real \"situation\" where microorganisms coexist in complex microbial communities. It has been proven that competition or antagonism occurring within co-cultivation leads to a significant increase in the existing compounds and / or accumulation of new compounds which are not found in axial cultures of the producer strain. The purpose of this study is to investigate cocultivation as a way to increase the yield of BC during the cultivation of BC producers with other polysaccharide-forming strains. The strain of Komagataeibacter sucrofermentans B-11267 was used as a BC producer, Xanthomonas campestris was used as a xanthan producer, and Leuconostoc mesenteroides was used as a dextran producer. The cultivation was carried out under dynamic conditions on a medium with molasses. The polysaccharide yield was expressed as the absolute dry weight of the polymers per unit volume of the culture medium. We have studied the BC morphology using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and FTIR spectroscopy. Crystallinity was checked by X-ray diffraction analysis. The interest in BC makes it necessary to synthesize it in large quantities on an industrial scale. The problem of increasing productivity was solved by co-cultivating the BC producer Komagataeibacter sucrofermentans with the producers of dextran Leuconostoc mesenteroides and xanthan Xanthomonas campestris, since the addition of water-soluble polysaccharides is known to increase the viscosity of the medium and facilitate the dispersion of bacterial cellulose granules. Thereby increasing the number of free cells, which can accelerate sugar consumption and polymer formation. At the first stage of the study, the most optimal conditions for co-cultivation of the BC producer with the producers of xanthan and dextran were selected, namely, the optimal pH value of the medium. Monoculture of bacteria X. campestris, L. mesenteroides, and K. sucrofermentans was carried out at different pH values (See Fig. 1-3). Based on the data obtained, we can say that the most optimal pH value for co-c","PeriodicalId":37153,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Tomskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta-Biologiya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87441323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Godin, T. V. Arkhipova, Maria A. Vetlova, Natalia G. Kuranova
The paper studies the synflorescence structure and flowering biology of the biennial monocarpic wetland plant Oenanthe aquatica. This species has a set of adaptations to prevent self-pollination, including generation of a pseudanthium, andromonoecy, intra- and interfloral protandry, and a specific sequence of flowering within its umbels. The synflorescence of O. aquatica is a panicle of umbels. The size of perfect and male flowers consistently decreases as the order of synflorescence axes grows. The size-related differences between perfect and staminate flowers on axes of the same branching order consist only in the length of their calyx abaxial teeth, corolla diameter, width of abaxial petals, length and width of anthers, and length and height of stylopodium. We have identified two arrangements of staminate flowers in O. aquatica: male flowers are located at the periphery or in the center of the umbellets. The share of staminate flowers in umbels increases as an axis order grows. The female phase of flowers on axes of one order occurs simultaneously within entire synflorescences with the male phase of flowers on axes of the next order, which might mean geitonogamy. Perfect flowers live for five to seven days, while staminate flowers function for no more than one day. The article contains 4 Figures, 2 Tables, 32 References. The Authors declare no conflict of interest.
{"title":"Andromonoecy and Floral Protandry of Oenanthe aquatica (Apiaceae)","authors":"V. Godin, T. V. Arkhipova, Maria A. Vetlova, Natalia G. Kuranova","doi":"10.17223/19988591/58/5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/19988591/58/5","url":null,"abstract":"The paper studies the synflorescence structure and flowering biology of the biennial monocarpic wetland plant Oenanthe aquatica. This species has a set of adaptations to prevent self-pollination, including generation of a pseudanthium, andromonoecy, intra- and interfloral protandry, and a specific sequence of flowering within its umbels. The synflorescence of O. aquatica is a panicle of umbels. The size of perfect and male flowers consistently decreases as the order of synflorescence axes grows. The size-related differences between perfect and staminate flowers on axes of the same branching order consist only in the length of their calyx abaxial teeth, corolla diameter, width of abaxial petals, length and width of anthers, and length and height of stylopodium. We have identified two arrangements of staminate flowers in O. aquatica: male flowers are located at the periphery or in the center of the umbellets. The share of staminate flowers in umbels increases as an axis order grows. The female phase of flowers on axes of one order occurs simultaneously within entire synflorescences with the male phase of flowers on axes of the next order, which might mean geitonogamy. Perfect flowers live for five to seven days, while staminate flowers function for no more than one day. The article contains 4 Figures, 2 Tables, 32 References. The Authors declare no conflict of interest.","PeriodicalId":37153,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Tomskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta-Biologiya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80359214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Fedorov, I. Tuktamyshev, P. Shirokikh, V. Martynenko, L. Naumova
More than 40 million hectares of agricultural land were abandoned after the collapse of the Soviet Union. A significant part of the land is covered by spontaneously regenerating woody and shrubby vegetation. When identifying the forest regeneration, the stands with a tree cover of more than 50% are accurately identified. It is difficult to identify the initial stages of forest regeneration on the abandoned agricultural lands using summer satellite images because of little difference between the young trees and saplings due to their low height and low density on the one hand, and herbaceous vegetation on the other. The purpose of this work was to apply winter and early-spring satellite images for assessments of the tree cover of birch-dominated stands (Betula pen-dula Roth.) formed on the abandoned agricultural lands (See Fig. 1). We used 189 releves of birch forests on the abandoned agricultural lands in the broad-leaved forest zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan. A regression analysis of the evaluation of the tree cover was carried out using the values of the spectral reflectance of the RED, NIR, SWIR11, and SWIR12 bands, as well as the values of the NDFSI snow index from seven cloudless Sentinel-2 images taken between 04.11.2020 and 13.05.2021 (See Fig. 2, 3). When selecting optimal regression models, the values of correlation coefficients (R) and determination coefficients (R2) were used to assess the model quality. To test the possibility of using the obtained models for assessing the tree cover of the stand at earlier succession stages, we involved the data on the tree cover from 36 geobotanical releves, where the crown density of the stand was visually evaluated in July 2013. Then, the described procedure was applied to calculate the tree cover using the Landsat-8 image taken on 25.03.2014. When creating regression models to calculate the tree cover, the best results were obtained using the red band of early spring images during the period when snowpack is still solid (from mid-March to the first half of April) (See Table 1). The correlation between the tree cover and the spectral reflectance of the red band was -0.90. The model allowed us to determine accurately the tree cover of birch forests aged from 18 to 20 years which prevail in the zone of broad-leaved forests in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The accuracy of the model for determining the tree cover according to the obtained regression models for other dates is unstable and highly likely influenced by the snow depth and the seasonal dynamics of changes in the radiation intensity of the red and infrared bands (See Table 2, 3). To conclude, the equations calculated from modern satellite images can be used to assess the tree cover using retrospective images at earlier succession stages of the abandoned field recovery. When using early-spring images, the snow depth should be taken into account since the snowpack melting dates can vary greatly from year to year. The paper contains 3 Fi
{"title":"Application of the Winter and Early-Spring Satellite Images for Assessment of the Birch Forest Coverage on the Abandoned Agricultural Lands","authors":"N. Fedorov, I. Tuktamyshev, P. Shirokikh, V. Martynenko, L. Naumova","doi":"10.17223/19988591/59/5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/19988591/59/5","url":null,"abstract":"More than 40 million hectares of agricultural land were abandoned after the collapse of the Soviet Union. A significant part of the land is covered by spontaneously regenerating woody and shrubby vegetation. When identifying the forest regeneration, the stands with a tree cover of more than 50% are accurately identified. It is difficult to identify the initial stages of forest regeneration on the abandoned agricultural lands using summer satellite images because of little difference between the young trees and saplings due to their low height and low density on the one hand, and herbaceous vegetation on the other. The purpose of this work was to apply winter and early-spring satellite images for assessments of the tree cover of birch-dominated stands (Betula pen-dula Roth.) formed on the abandoned agricultural lands (See Fig. 1). We used 189 releves of birch forests on the abandoned agricultural lands in the broad-leaved forest zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan. A regression analysis of the evaluation of the tree cover was carried out using the values of the spectral reflectance of the RED, NIR, SWIR11, and SWIR12 bands, as well as the values of the NDFSI snow index from seven cloudless Sentinel-2 images taken between 04.11.2020 and 13.05.2021 (See Fig. 2, 3). When selecting optimal regression models, the values of correlation coefficients (R) and determination coefficients (R2) were used to assess the model quality. To test the possibility of using the obtained models for assessing the tree cover of the stand at earlier succession stages, we involved the data on the tree cover from 36 geobotanical releves, where the crown density of the stand was visually evaluated in July 2013. Then, the described procedure was applied to calculate the tree cover using the Landsat-8 image taken on 25.03.2014. When creating regression models to calculate the tree cover, the best results were obtained using the red band of early spring images during the period when snowpack is still solid (from mid-March to the first half of April) (See Table 1). The correlation between the tree cover and the spectral reflectance of the red band was -0.90. The model allowed us to determine accurately the tree cover of birch forests aged from 18 to 20 years which prevail in the zone of broad-leaved forests in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The accuracy of the model for determining the tree cover according to the obtained regression models for other dates is unstable and highly likely influenced by the snow depth and the seasonal dynamics of changes in the radiation intensity of the red and infrared bands (See Table 2, 3). To conclude, the equations calculated from modern satellite images can be used to assess the tree cover using retrospective images at earlier succession stages of the abandoned field recovery. When using early-spring images, the snow depth should be taken into account since the snowpack melting dates can vary greatly from year to year. The paper contains 3 Fi","PeriodicalId":37153,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Tomskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta-Biologiya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73933706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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