Аnna V. Andriаnоvа, Еlena V. Derbineva, Аndrey N. Gadinov, D. A. Krivolutskiy, I. I. Melnikov
{"title":"Feed base and potential fish productivity of the Yenisey basin (upstream and midstream)","authors":"Аnna V. Andriаnоvа, Еlena V. Derbineva, Аndrey N. Gadinov, D. A. Krivolutskiy, I. I. Melnikov","doi":"10.17223/19988591/45/8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/19988591/45/8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37153,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Tomskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta-Biologiya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74294553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Andromonoecy of Aegopodium podagraria (Apiaceae) in Moscow region","authors":"V. Godin, S. V. Dozorova, T. V. Arkhipova","doi":"10.17223/19988591/45/3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/19988591/45/3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37153,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Tomskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta-Biologiya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78417211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Quantitative analysis of local coenofloras in the steppe zone of Northern Kazakhstan","authors":"N. Lashchinskiy, M. P. Tishchenko, A. Korolyuk","doi":"10.17223/19988591/45/4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/19988591/45/4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37153,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Tomskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta-Biologiya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75106715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. R. Efimochkina, I. Sedova, S. A. Sheveleva, V. Tutelyan
Microscopic fungi that infect plants during the growing season and agricultural products during storage can get into food and animal feed and pollute them with their toxic metabolites – mycotoxins. The species composition and proportion of each species in the complex of fungi may vary with changes in growing or storage conditions, which is accompanied by changes in the spectrum of mycotoxins. In addition to known and controlled pollutants of this kind, the levels of previously unaccounted toxic fungal metabolites may increase, requiring a further study and assessment of the risk of their occurrence in food. The review is devoted to the consideration of fungi from the genera Fusarium , Aspergillus and Penicillium , whose representatives can produce mycotoxins both already regulated in plant products and predicted. The review also includes species Alternaria spp., the study of which revealed a frequent occurrence and a wide range of produced toxic metabolites, not yet normalized in food. Most mycotoxic fungi can multiply and accumulate toxic metabolites in a wide range of habitats of these microorganisms. We showed that microorganisms are extremely widespread in nature, and under favorable conditions with high humidity and optimal temperature ( See Table 1 ) can affect various food products, animal feed and vegetable resources causing signifcant economic damage. Since it is diffcult to identify toxin-producing fungi contaminating different substrates including food products and animal feed, mycotoxinology studies are conducted in accordance with a strict procedure including detection of species composition of fungi and their distribution by geographical zones, and determination of substrates contaminated with mycotoxins, as well as the composition of mycotoxins and the mechanism of their action on humans and animals. The paper presents data on the properties of toxigenic fungi of the genera Aspergillus, Alternaria, Fusarium and Penicillium , the most important from the point of view of food and animal feed safety. A special attention is paid to the problem of detecting producers of emerging mycotoxins among these fungi ( See Table 2 ), which include fusaproliferin, beauvericin, enniatins, moniliformin, tenuazonic acid, tentoxin, alternariol and its methyl ether, mycophenolic acid, citrinin, fusaric acid, sterigmatocystin, emodin and asperglaucid (Gruber-Dorninger C et al., 2017, Jestoi M, 2008, Fraeyman S et al., 2017, Serrano AB, 2015). The review discusses the problems and prospects of applying the methods of DNAidentifcation of toxigenic fungi, touched upon in works of Gagkaeva TYu et al., 2017, Stakheev AA et al., 2018, Dupont J, 2010, Gromovykh TI et al., 2014, Rodriguez A et al., 2011. We enumerate the diffculties that prevent a widespread introduction of PCR- diagnostics including the specifcs of fungal DNA extraction, peculiarities of qualitative PCR for multinuclear cells of flamentous fungi, and the necessity to differentiate inactivated
{"title":"Toxigenic properties of mycotoxin-producing fungi","authors":"N. R. Efimochkina, I. Sedova, S. A. Sheveleva, V. Tutelyan","doi":"10.17223/19988591/45/1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/19988591/45/1","url":null,"abstract":"Microscopic fungi that infect plants during the growing season and agricultural products during storage can get into food and animal feed and pollute them with their toxic metabolites – mycotoxins. The species composition and proportion of each species in the complex of fungi may vary with changes in growing or storage conditions, which is accompanied by changes in the spectrum of mycotoxins. In addition to known and controlled pollutants of this kind, the levels of previously unaccounted toxic fungal metabolites may increase, requiring a further study and assessment of the risk of their occurrence in food. The review is devoted to the consideration of fungi from the genera Fusarium , Aspergillus and Penicillium , whose representatives can produce mycotoxins both already regulated in plant products and predicted. The review also includes species Alternaria spp., the study of which revealed a frequent occurrence and a wide range of produced toxic metabolites, not yet normalized in food. Most mycotoxic fungi can multiply and accumulate toxic metabolites in a wide range of habitats of these microorganisms. We showed that microorganisms are extremely widespread in nature, and under favorable conditions with high humidity and optimal temperature ( See Table 1 ) can affect various food products, animal feed and vegetable resources causing signifcant economic damage. Since it is diffcult to identify toxin-producing fungi contaminating different substrates including food products and animal feed, mycotoxinology studies are conducted in accordance with a strict procedure including detection of species composition of fungi and their distribution by geographical zones, and determination of substrates contaminated with mycotoxins, as well as the composition of mycotoxins and the mechanism of their action on humans and animals. The paper presents data on the properties of toxigenic fungi of the genera Aspergillus, Alternaria, Fusarium and Penicillium , the most important from the point of view of food and animal feed safety. A special attention is paid to the problem of detecting producers of emerging mycotoxins among these fungi ( See Table 2 ), which include fusaproliferin, beauvericin, enniatins, moniliformin, tenuazonic acid, tentoxin, alternariol and its methyl ether, mycophenolic acid, citrinin, fusaric acid, sterigmatocystin, emodin and asperglaucid (Gruber-Dorninger C et al., 2017, Jestoi M, 2008, Fraeyman S et al., 2017, Serrano AB, 2015). The review discusses the problems and prospects of applying the methods of DNAidentifcation of toxigenic fungi, touched upon in works of Gagkaeva TYu et al., 2017, Stakheev AA et al., 2018, Dupont J, 2010, Gromovykh TI et al., 2014, Rodriguez A et al., 2011. We enumerate the diffculties that prevent a widespread introduction of PCR- diagnostics including the specifcs of fungal DNA extraction, peculiarities of qualitative PCR for multinuclear cells of flamentous fungi, and the necessity to differentiate inactivated ","PeriodicalId":37153,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Tomskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta-Biologiya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73652929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ombrotrophic raised bogs in the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia are at the extreme southern limit of their distribution and exist under conditions of insuffcient moisture and are surrounded by saline soils. In the changing climate, it is especially important to carry out regime observations of various components of such ecosystems. The aim of this research was to reveal peculiarities of temperature regime of fbrist histosol at a pine - dwarf shrub - Sphagnum raised bog in the Baraba forest-steppe of Western Siberia. We carried out the study at a pine - dwarf shrub - Sphagnum raised bog, Nikolaevsky ryam (55°08'59''N, 79°02'59''E ). An autonomous soil temperature measurement system (IMCES SB RAS, Tomsk) was used. Temperature was registered at depths of 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, 120, 160, 240 and 320 cm once per hour, the duration of the study was 4.5 years (05.10.2012-22.05.2017). We used data of Barabinsk meteorological station on air temperature, precipitations and snow cover depth ( See Table 1 ). Average annual temperature of the fbrist histosol in 2-20 cm layer was 4.7-5.1°C and it decreased at a depth of 240 cm to 3.3-3.7°C. The highest average monthly temperatures of the upper peat layer were 18.4-20.2°C in summer months, and the lowest ones were -2.0...-5.1°C and were recorded from November to February. Simultaneously, monthly air temperatures were -15...-26°C ( See Fig. 1 ). Average daily temperatures of the peat deposit were always minimal in November, reaching -11...-17°C due to the low thickness of thermal insulating snow cover. The annual soil temperature amplitude in the upper 20 cm ranged from 19 to 23°C in different years, and it did not change over the years below 40 cm and decreased from 12°C at a depth of 60 cm to 3°C at a depth of 240 cm ( See Fig. 2 ). Soil temperatures were always positive below 60 cm. The sum of positive average daily temperatures in the surface layer of the bog ranged from 2200 to 2400°C, at a depth of 20 cm it decreased by 200°C, and at a depth of 2.4 m the sum of positive temperatures decreased by 1000°C in comparison with the surface layer. The sum of negative average daily temperatures was -1660 ... -2100°С in different years of observations ( See Fig. 3 ). The dynamics of changes in the sums of negative temperatures for air and for peat soil do not coincide due to the change in thickness and time of establishment of snow cover and the different water table depths that have a signifcant role in the temperature regime of the soil in winter. The ratio of the sums of positive and negative temperatures at a depth of 2 cm (under a layer of live Sphagnum mosses) and 20 cm to the corresponding sums of air temperatures characterizes the soil warm-accumulating ability. During several years, these indicators decreased for positive temperatures and increased for negative ones, indicating an increase in soil climate severity ( See Table 2 ). Temperature gradients are positive when the heat flux flows fr
{"title":"Temperature regime of peat deposit of ombrotrophic bogs in the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia (the example of the Nikolayevsky ryam)","authors":"N. G. Koronatova, N. Mironycheva-Tokareva","doi":"10.17223/19988591/45/10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/19988591/45/10","url":null,"abstract":"Ombrotrophic raised bogs in the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia are at the extreme southern limit of their distribution and exist under conditions of insuffcient moisture and are surrounded by saline soils. In the changing climate, it is especially important to carry out regime observations of various components of such ecosystems. The aim of this research was to reveal peculiarities of temperature regime of fbrist histosol at a pine - dwarf shrub - Sphagnum raised bog in the Baraba forest-steppe of Western Siberia. We carried out the study at a pine - dwarf shrub - Sphagnum raised bog, Nikolaevsky ryam (55°08'59''N, 79°02'59''E ). An autonomous soil temperature measurement system (IMCES SB RAS, Tomsk) was used. Temperature was registered at depths of 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, 120, 160, 240 and 320 cm once per hour, the duration of the study was 4.5 years (05.10.2012-22.05.2017). We used data of Barabinsk meteorological station on air temperature, precipitations and snow cover depth ( See Table 1 ). Average annual temperature of the fbrist histosol in 2-20 cm layer was 4.7-5.1°C and it decreased at a depth of 240 cm to 3.3-3.7°C. The highest average monthly temperatures of the upper peat layer were 18.4-20.2°C in summer months, and the lowest ones were -2.0...-5.1°C and were recorded from November to February. Simultaneously, monthly air temperatures were -15...-26°C ( See Fig. 1 ). Average daily temperatures of the peat deposit were always minimal in November, reaching -11...-17°C due to the low thickness of thermal insulating snow cover. The annual soil temperature amplitude in the upper 20 cm ranged from 19 to 23°C in different years, and it did not change over the years below 40 cm and decreased from 12°C at a depth of 60 cm to 3°C at a depth of 240 cm ( See Fig. 2 ). Soil temperatures were always positive below 60 cm. The sum of positive average daily temperatures in the surface layer of the bog ranged from 2200 to 2400°C, at a depth of 20 cm it decreased by 200°C, and at a depth of 2.4 m the sum of positive temperatures decreased by 1000°C in comparison with the surface layer. The sum of negative average daily temperatures was -1660 ... -2100°С in different years of observations ( See Fig. 3 ). The dynamics of changes in the sums of negative temperatures for air and for peat soil do not coincide due to the change in thickness and time of establishment of snow cover and the different water table depths that have a signifcant role in the temperature regime of the soil in winter. The ratio of the sums of positive and negative temperatures at a depth of 2 cm (under a layer of live Sphagnum mosses) and 20 cm to the corresponding sums of air temperatures characterizes the soil warm-accumulating ability. During several years, these indicators decreased for positive temperatures and increased for negative ones, indicating an increase in soil climate severity ( See Table 2 ). Temperature gradients are positive when the heat flux flows fr","PeriodicalId":37153,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Tomskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta-Biologiya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73846855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Late-Holocene dynamics of vegetation cover and humidity of climate in the southeastern sector of the West Siberian Plain according to the data of palynological and rhizopod research of peat deposits","authors":"T. Blyakharchuk, I. Kurina, N. N. Pologova","doi":"10.17223/19988591/45/9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/19988591/45/9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37153,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Tomskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta-Biologiya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85923414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The structure of the soil cover of the Subpolar Urals is characterized by diversity due to the combination of contrasting environmental conditions: a mosaic of vegetation, character of soil-forming rocks and topography. The study of the spatial variation of soil properties will provide more accurate information about the features of the soil cover of the Subpolar Urals. The aim of this research was to study the spatial heterogeneity of the morphological and physical-chemical properties of soils of the polar Urals. We carried out studies on the territory of “Yugyd va” National Park (63°59ꞌ N, 59°13ꞌ E) in the northern part of the Subpolar Urals (See Fig. 1). We examined morphological and physicalchemical properties of soils of the mountain-forest and mountain-tundra belts of the Subpolar Urals using the example of two trenches (See Fig. 2). The first trench was located in the mountain-forest belt (See Fig. 3A). Coordinates: 65°08ꞌ12.5ꞌN, 60°51ꞌ24.0ꞌE. The second trench was located in the alpine-tundra belt (See Fig. 3B). Coordinates: 65°02ꞌ06.3ꞌꞌN, 60°35ꞌ19.2ꞌꞌE. The trenches were divided into three segments. Diagnostics and position classification of soils was carried out in accordance with “Field guide of Russian soils” (2008) and the World Reference Base of Soil Resources, version 2015 (IUSS Working Group WRB, 2015). For the studied soils, we determined the main physical-chemical parameters: acidity, total contents of C and N, exchangeable cations – Ca2+ and Mg2+, as well as the content of Feox, Alox and Fedith (Vorob’eva LA, 2006). The contents of carbon and nitrogen were determined using elemental analyzer EA 1110 (Carlo Erba, Italy). Granulometric composition was determined according to the method of Kachinsky (Shein EV and Karpachevskii LO, 2007). We showed that the heterogeneity of morphological properties may determine differences between soils within a few meters. We revealed that for the studied trenches the variation of morphological features determines major differences between soils. It is demonstrated that differences in the intensity of soil processes lead to a wide soil diversity. Thus, several types and subtypes of permafrost soils were identified. In the mountain forest belt are formed: Histic Cambi-Turbic Cryosol (Humic) in the first segment, Histic Cryosol (Turbic, Reductaquic)) in the second segment, and Histic Cryosol in the third segment. In the alpine tundra belt are formed: Stagnic Entic Podzol (Skeletic, Turbic, Reductaquic) in the first segment, Folic Cryosol (Skeletic. Humic) in the second segment, and Stagnic Entic Podzol (Turbic, Skeletic) in the third segment. The analysis of granulometric composition of the studied soils of the mountain-forest belt showed that the soils are characterized by a high content of fraction of physical clay. For soils of the mountain tundra belt, we revealed the predominance of large fractions of physical sand (See Table. 1). The soils of the investigated trenches have a slightly acidic r
{"title":"Spatial heterogeneity of soil properties in the zone of sporadic distribution of permafrost (Subpolar Urals)","authors":"V. Startsev, Y. Dubrovsky, E. Zhangurov, A. Dymov","doi":"10.17223/19988591/48/2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/19988591/48/2","url":null,"abstract":"The structure of the soil cover of the Subpolar Urals is characterized by diversity due to the combination of contrasting environmental conditions: a mosaic of vegetation, character of soil-forming rocks and topography. The study of the spatial variation of soil properties will provide more accurate information about the features of the soil cover of the Subpolar Urals. The aim of this research was to study the spatial heterogeneity of the morphological and physical-chemical properties of soils of the polar Urals. We carried out studies on the territory of “Yugyd va” National Park (63°59ꞌ N, 59°13ꞌ E) in the northern part of the Subpolar Urals (See Fig. 1). We examined morphological and physicalchemical properties of soils of the mountain-forest and mountain-tundra belts of the Subpolar Urals using the example of two trenches (See Fig. 2). The first trench was located in the mountain-forest belt (See Fig. 3A). Coordinates: 65°08ꞌ12.5ꞌN, 60°51ꞌ24.0ꞌE. The second trench was located in the alpine-tundra belt (See Fig. 3B). Coordinates: 65°02ꞌ06.3ꞌꞌN, 60°35ꞌ19.2ꞌꞌE. The trenches were divided into three segments. Diagnostics and position classification of soils was carried out in accordance with “Field guide of Russian soils” (2008) and the World Reference Base of Soil Resources, version 2015 (IUSS Working Group WRB, 2015). For the studied soils, we determined the main physical-chemical parameters: acidity, total contents of C and N, exchangeable cations – Ca2+ and Mg2+, as well as the content of Feox, Alox and Fedith (Vorob’eva LA, 2006). The contents of carbon and nitrogen were determined using elemental analyzer EA 1110 (Carlo Erba, Italy). Granulometric composition was determined according to the method of Kachinsky (Shein EV and Karpachevskii LO, 2007). We showed that the heterogeneity of morphological properties may determine differences between soils within a few meters. We revealed that for the studied trenches the variation of morphological features determines major differences between soils. It is demonstrated that differences in the intensity of soil processes lead to a wide soil diversity. Thus, several types and subtypes of permafrost soils were identified. In the mountain forest belt are formed: Histic Cambi-Turbic Cryosol (Humic) in the first segment, Histic Cryosol (Turbic, Reductaquic)) in the second segment, and Histic Cryosol in the third segment. In the alpine tundra belt are formed: Stagnic Entic Podzol (Skeletic, Turbic, Reductaquic) in the first segment, Folic Cryosol (Skeletic. Humic) in the second segment, and Stagnic Entic Podzol (Turbic, Skeletic) in the third segment. The analysis of granulometric composition of the studied soils of the mountain-forest belt showed that the soils are characterized by a high content of fraction of physical clay. For soils of the mountain tundra belt, we revealed the predominance of large fractions of physical sand (See Table. 1). The soils of the investigated trenches have a slightly acidic r","PeriodicalId":37153,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Tomskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta-Biologiya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77884302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Etymology of some names of traps applied in the studies of small mammals","authors":"O. Tolkachev","doi":"10.17223/19988591/48/4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/19988591/48/4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37153,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Tomskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta-Biologiya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76129232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Abramova, P. Shirokikh, Y. Golovanov, A. Mustafina, A. V. Kryukova
The research presents the experience of assessing the diversity of communities and ecology of 3 rare steppe species of the genus Iris L. in the Southern Urals: I. pumila L., I. scariosa Willd. ex Link and I. humilis Georgi which are distributed in the steppe and forest-steppe zones of the region and listed in the Red Data Book of Bashkortostan Republic (Krasnaya kniga…, 2011) and the Russian Federation (Krasnaya kniga…, 2008). We analyzed the ecology of communities with participation of rare species using indirect ordination, which makes it possible to identify important ecological patterns of species distribution and to give an ecological interpretation of syntaxonomic units. Totally, we collected 28 geobotanical releves within the studied coenopopulations in the Southern Urals (mainly, in the Urals and Transurals of the Republic of Bashkortostan, as well as adjacent areas of Chelyabinsk and Orenburg regions) to characterize the phytocenotic localization and ecology of rare steppe species of the genus Iris. Localities of the studied species are presented on the map (See Fig. 1). The size of the releves was 64-100 m2. Releves descriptions and classification were performed using the Braun-Blanquet approach (Westhoff and van der Maarel, 1978; Braun-Blanquet, 1964). The names of vascular plants species are given according to Cherepanov (1995). The impact assessment of complex environmental factor gradients was performed using DCA-ordination in the CANOCO 4.5 program (Ter Braak and Smilauer, 2002). DN Tsyganov’s scale which was adjusted for the Southern Urals region (Shirokikh and Zverev, 2012) was applied to estimate the environmental factors of habitats. The weighted average of environmental factors was calculated in the IBIS software (Zverev, 2007). We revealed that the phytocenosis with participation of rare steppe irises in the Southern Urals belongs to the class Festuco-Brometea Br.-Bl. et Tuxen ex Soo 1947, which unites the steppe vegetation of Southern Ukraine and Russia and includes 5 associations and 2 communities. I. pumila grows mainly on the steppe slopes of various expositions as part of the steppes of association Astragalo austriacae-Stipetum pulcherrimae Martynenko et al. 2018, which is a zonal type of the Pre-Ural steppe of the Republic of Bashkortostan. I. pumila also grows in the communities of the association Scorzonerо austriacaе-Stipetum lessingianae Yamalov 2011 prov., which is steppes with dominating Stipa lessingiana of the southern regions of Bashkortostan and in the basal community Stipa capillata [Festuco-Brometea] combining low-degraded steppe pastures, which are distributed mainly in the upland and slope habitats of the southern expositions. Among the rarest communities with participation of I. рumila, there are phytocoenoses of shrub steppes of association Spiraeo hypericifoliaе-Amygdaletum nanae Solomeshch et al. 1994, which are distributed mainly across the eastern and southeastern slopes of the ranges on stony substr
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