J. Cheah, R. Thurasamy, M. Memon, Francis Chuah, H. Ting
Multigroup Analysis (MGA) using partial least squares path modelling (PLSPM) is an efficient approach to evaluate moderation across multiple relationships in a research model. This editorial explains the importance and the usage of MGA, especially when a study intends to understand heterogeneity effects (i.e., cross-cultural or gender differences) in a business research. We provide step-by-step guidelines to perform MGA using SmartPLS 3.3.2, including the assessment of measurement invariance using the measurement invariance of composite models (MICOM) procedure. We believe that this editorial will enable researchers and postgraduate students to conduct MGA with confidence to draw meaningful insights from the data and examine the differences across the groups under investigation.
{"title":"Multigroup Analysis using SmartPLS: Step-by-Step Guidelines for Business Research","authors":"J. Cheah, R. Thurasamy, M. Memon, Francis Chuah, H. Ting","doi":"10.14707/ajbr.200087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14707/ajbr.200087","url":null,"abstract":"Multigroup Analysis (MGA) using partial least squares path modelling (PLSPM) is an efficient approach to evaluate moderation across multiple relationships in a research model. This editorial explains the importance and the usage of MGA, especially when a study intends to understand heterogeneity effects (i.e., cross-cultural or gender differences) in a business research. We provide step-by-step guidelines to perform MGA using SmartPLS 3.3.2, including the assessment of measurement invariance using the measurement invariance of composite models (MICOM) procedure. We believe that this editorial will enable researchers and postgraduate students to conduct MGA with confidence to draw meaningful insights from the data and examine the differences across the groups under investigation.","PeriodicalId":37159,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Business Research","volume":"85 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72488730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With dramatic growth of consumption in Indian market, luxury fashion brands have become a domain of growing interest to marketers, academicians and researchers. The study investigates the psychographic factors influencing luxury brand consumption in Indian context. A quantitative and qualitative study was conducted to fulfil the objectives. For qualitative study, in depth interviews were conducted and broad themes were discussed. A structured questionnaire was administered in Delhi. A sample of 423 respondents was analysed. Using structural equation modelling, the study revealed that hedonic, consumer need for uniqueness, price and quality, ostentation, fashion consciousness motivation influence attitude towards luxury brand consumption. However, the findings suggest that social conformity influence attitude towards luxury brands negatively. The findings can be of use to segment the market and positioning of the luxury brands. The findings can also be of help in formulating advertising campaigns of luxury brands. The research will also contribute in academic literature related to luxury brand consumption.
{"title":"Antecedents of Luxury Brand Consumption: An Emerging Market Context","authors":"Preeti Tak","doi":"10.14707/ajbr.200082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14707/ajbr.200082","url":null,"abstract":"With dramatic growth of consumption in Indian market, luxury fashion brands have become a domain of growing interest to marketers, academicians and researchers. The study investigates the psychographic factors influencing luxury brand consumption in Indian context. A quantitative and qualitative study was conducted to fulfil the objectives. For qualitative study, in depth interviews were conducted and broad themes were discussed. A structured questionnaire was administered in Delhi. A sample of 423 respondents was analysed. Using structural equation modelling, the study revealed that hedonic, consumer need for uniqueness, price and quality, ostentation, fashion consciousness motivation influence attitude towards luxury brand consumption. However, the findings suggest that social conformity influence attitude towards luxury brands negatively. The findings can be of use to segment the market and positioning of the luxury brands. The findings can also be of help in formulating advertising campaigns of luxury brands. The research will also contribute in academic literature related to luxury brand consumption.","PeriodicalId":37159,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Business Research","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89469349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Retailers try their best to make their online store environment more entertaining and attractive to capture customers’ attention. Therefore, it is interesting and beneficial to explore how the store environment impacts the customer emotions in store and how these emotions change customer’s buying behaviour. The main focus of this study is to measure the impact of atmosphere cues, such as colour and music on respondent’s emotional response and their shopping behaviour in an online store. Respondents were exposed to different combinations of music and colour, and both cues had significant impacts on the respondent’s emotional response and behavioural intention. The questionnaire responses of 230 valid respondents from Pakistan revealed that cool colours and fast tempo music showed greater levels of pleasure and arousal as compared to slow tempo music with warm colours. Arousal and pleasure were also found to be significant parameters for predicting behaviour intention. Respondent’s in fast tempo music with cool colour environment showed more approach behaviour in comparison to slow tempo music with warm colours. An efficient online store environment is proposed, incorporating suitable music and colour attributes that will result in more time spent in-store, repurchasing, and revisiting. The outcomes of the study assist online retailers in Pakistan to make the shopping environment attractive and enjoyable.
{"title":"Impact of Music and Colour on Customers’ Emotional States: An Experimental Study of Online Store","authors":"A. Anwar, Ali Waqas, Hafiz Muhammad Zain, D. Kee","doi":"10.14707/ajbr.200077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14707/ajbr.200077","url":null,"abstract":"Retailers try their best to make their online store environment more entertaining and attractive to capture customers’ attention. Therefore, it is interesting and beneficial to explore how the store environment impacts the customer emotions in store and how these emotions change customer’s buying behaviour. The main focus of this study is to measure the impact of atmosphere cues, such as colour and music on respondent’s emotional response and their shopping behaviour in an online store. Respondents were exposed to different combinations of music and colour, and both cues had significant impacts on the respondent’s emotional response and behavioural intention. The questionnaire responses of 230 valid respondents from Pakistan revealed that cool colours and fast tempo music showed greater levels of pleasure and arousal as compared to slow tempo music with warm colours. Arousal and pleasure were also found to be significant parameters for predicting behaviour intention. Respondent’s in fast tempo music with cool colour environment showed more approach behaviour in comparison to slow tempo music with warm colours. An efficient online store environment is proposed, incorporating suitable music and colour attributes that will result in more time spent in-store, repurchasing, and revisiting. The outcomes of the study assist online retailers in Pakistan to make the shopping environment attractive and enjoyable.","PeriodicalId":37159,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Business Research","volume":"126 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82725270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to examine the contributing rational and emotional transaction-specific characteristics to customer loyalty dimensions, namely repurchase intention and positive words of mouth (WoM); as well as the mediation role of customer satisfaction among the buyers of packaged food retail outlets. A total of 221 responses were collected from the food retail businesses using purposive sampling method. The results demonstrated only four significant contributing factors to customer satisfaction, namely product quality, price perception, brand image and manufacturing country’s product image among the eight factors examined; with product quality and price perception played the most important roles. Proxys of a satisfied customers can be used to predict both behavioural and attitudinal loyalty. The study expands on existing literature by presenting the results of an empirical study addressing the uniqueness of the Malaysian packaged food retail market and how the transaction specific characteristics influence satisfaction and loyalty.
{"title":"Rational or Emotional? An Examination of Customer Loyalty in B2B Packaged Food Retail Setting","authors":"G. Phang, Yee Sheng Sim","doi":"10.14707/ajbr.200073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14707/ajbr.200073","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to examine the contributing rational and emotional transaction-specific characteristics to customer loyalty dimensions, namely repurchase intention and positive words of mouth (WoM); as well as the mediation role of customer satisfaction among the buyers of packaged food retail outlets. A total of 221 responses were collected from the food retail businesses using purposive sampling method. The results demonstrated only four significant contributing factors to customer satisfaction, namely product quality, price perception, brand image and manufacturing country’s product image among the eight factors examined; with product quality and price perception played the most important roles. Proxys of a satisfied customers can be used to predict both behavioural and attitudinal loyalty. The study expands on existing literature by presenting the results of an empirical study addressing the uniqueness of the Malaysian packaged food retail market and how the transaction specific characteristics influence satisfaction and loyalty.","PeriodicalId":37159,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Business Research","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87008223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To date, there is a lack of research that explains the linkages between relationship conflict, task conflict, team mindfulness, perceived stress, and social undermining. In particular, little attention has been paid to these constructions in the context of the virtual workplace. The present study attempts to fill this research gap. The aim of this research is to examine the mediating role of team mindfulness between task conflict and perceived stress. Additionally, it also investigates the moderating role of relationship conflict on task conflict and outcomes including perceived stress and social undermining. Using a structured questionnaire, data were collected from 230 respondents working in virtual work teams of different information and communication technology organizations in Pakistan. The results have shown a significant indirect effect of task conflict on perceived stress through team awareness. Although relationship conflict moderates the relationship between task conflict and perceived stress, it has no impact on the relationship between task conflict and social undermining. The findings of this study have a number of implications for research and human resource managers.
{"title":"The Role of Relationship Conflict and Mindfulness in the Consequences of Task Conflict","authors":"Umar Shahzad, M. Memon, S. Khurram, Kim-Lim Tan","doi":"10.14707/ajbr.190071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14707/ajbr.190071","url":null,"abstract":"To date, there is a lack of research that explains the linkages between relationship conflict, task conflict, team mindfulness, perceived stress, and social undermining. In particular, little attention has been paid to these constructions in the context of the virtual workplace. The present study attempts to fill this research gap. The aim of this research is to examine the mediating role of team mindfulness between task conflict and perceived stress. Additionally, it also investigates the moderating role of relationship conflict on task conflict and outcomes including perceived stress and social undermining. Using a structured questionnaire, data were collected from 230 respondents working in virtual work teams of different information and communication technology organizations in Pakistan. The results have shown a significant indirect effect of task conflict on perceived stress through team awareness. Although relationship conflict moderates the relationship between task conflict and perceived stress, it has no impact on the relationship between task conflict and social undermining. The findings of this study have a number of implications for research and human resource managers.","PeriodicalId":37159,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Business Research","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87107380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-31DOI: 10.35248/2167-0269.19.8.414
H. Chang
This study uses the social contact theory to understand the attitudes of tourists towards other tourists, their encounter experiences, conflicts, and coping strategies used to overcome encounter conflict, and then investigates whether differences in these areas between American/Canadian and Chinese tourists are moderated by the recreational setting (indoor/outdoor). The study results show that Chinese tourists have more positive encounters with tourists who share their national background than with American/Canadian tourists, who for their own part experience more cultural conflict with other tourists in outdoor settings than do Chinese tourists. We conclude that the recreational setting moderates the relationship between American/Canadian and Chinese tourists, their level of encounter with other tourists, the type of conflict they experience, and the coping strategy used to ameliorate conflict. With respect to the latter, study participants at outdoors destinations, particularly American/Canadian tourists, prefer using an active adaptation strategy to overcome cultural and behavioral conflict, whereas those at indoor destinations prefer using an emotional strategy.
{"title":"Encounter Experiences among Tourists at Attraction Sites – An Application of Social Contact Theory","authors":"H. Chang","doi":"10.35248/2167-0269.19.8.414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2167-0269.19.8.414","url":null,"abstract":"This study uses the social contact theory to understand the attitudes of tourists towards other tourists, their encounter experiences, conflicts, and coping strategies used to overcome encounter conflict, and then investigates whether differences in these areas between American/Canadian and Chinese tourists are moderated by the recreational setting (indoor/outdoor). The study results show that Chinese tourists have more positive encounters with tourists who share their national background than with American/Canadian tourists, who for their own part experience more cultural conflict with other tourists in outdoor settings than do Chinese tourists. We conclude that the recreational setting moderates the relationship between American/Canadian and Chinese tourists, their level of encounter with other tourists, the type of conflict they experience, and the coping strategy used to ameliorate conflict. With respect to the latter, study participants at outdoors destinations, particularly American/Canadian tourists, prefer using an active adaptation strategy to overcome cultural and behavioral conflict, whereas those at indoor destinations prefer using an emotional strategy.","PeriodicalId":37159,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Business Research","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77900690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mastura Mohd Yusof, J. Ho, Serene Siew-Imm Ng, D. Zawawi
While job insecurity has been widely studied across various contexts, the empirical study within the Malaysian context remained scarce. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of job insecurity on deviant workplace behaviour on employees from retrenching organizations. This study also explored the effects of emotional intelligence and job embeddedness as moderating variables. Respondents were selected from retrenching organizations located in Johore, Penang and Selangor as these three states had the highest number of retrenchment cases in the country. Hypotheses testing was carried out using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM), the SmartPLS version 2.0. Overall, the results showed that job insecurity was negatively related to affective commitment and positively related to job-related tension. No relationship was detected between affective commitment and deviant workplace behaviour; however job-related tension correlated positively to deviant workplace behaviour. There was also a significant moderating influence of emotional intelligence on affective commitment and deviant workplace behaviour as well as on the relationship between job-related tension and deviant workplace behaviour. In addition, job embeddedness moderated the relationship between job-related tension and deviant workplace behaviour. The implications of the results to both theory and practice are discussed in this paper.
{"title":"Weeding out Deviant Workplace Behaviour in Downsized Organizations: The Role of Emotional Intelligence and Job Embeddedness","authors":"Mastura Mohd Yusof, J. Ho, Serene Siew-Imm Ng, D. Zawawi","doi":"10.14707/ajbr.190070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14707/ajbr.190070","url":null,"abstract":"While job insecurity has been widely studied across various contexts, the empirical study within the Malaysian context remained scarce. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of job insecurity on deviant workplace behaviour on employees from retrenching organizations. This study also explored the effects of emotional intelligence and job embeddedness as moderating variables. Respondents were selected from retrenching organizations located in Johore, Penang and Selangor as these three states had the highest number of retrenchment cases in the country. Hypotheses testing was carried out using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM), the SmartPLS version 2.0. Overall, the results showed that job insecurity was negatively related to affective commitment and positively related to job-related tension. No relationship was detected between affective commitment and deviant workplace behaviour; however job-related tension correlated positively to deviant workplace behaviour. There was also a significant moderating influence of emotional intelligence on affective commitment and deviant workplace behaviour as well as on the relationship between job-related tension and deviant workplace behaviour. In addition, job embeddedness moderated the relationship between job-related tension and deviant workplace behaviour. The implications of the results to both theory and practice are discussed in this paper.","PeriodicalId":37159,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Business Research","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86809182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-30DOI: 10.20448/journal.518.2019.41.35.43
A. Sabo, Olusegun Kazeem Lekan
Several scholarly studies have been conducted to establish relationships of electricity access to business financial performance. Nonetheless, little is known about energy-stakeholders’ satisfaction relationships. The few studies that do exist on the topic often lack control variable. Thus, this is the motivation behind the present study. Therefore, this paper provides an empirical analysis of the effect of controlling firm characteristics in the energy-stakeholders’ satisfaction relationships. A multiple linear regression model is applied to primary data collected through structured questionnaire in five–point rating scale format to test the hypothesis via SPSS version 23. Results based on cross-sectional survey data from 245 sampled SMEs operating in the city of Kaduna, Kano, Katsina and Sokoto state in manufacturing, hotel & restaurant and wholesale & retail sector show evidence of a strong positive statistically significant relationships between electricity access and SMEs stakeholders’ satisfaction with electricity access t (245) = 9.138, p < 0.001; firm age t (245) = 4.404, p < 0.001. Subject to appreciable effect on stakeholders’ satisfaction, this study recommends an urgent need to step up electricity supply to SMEs in order to accelerate satisfaction level of firms’ stakeholders. Increasing electricity access should involve optimal production and utilization of generation capacity and/or reduction of transmission and distribution losses. Above all, SMEs villages/clusters should be built to promote industrial activities on the basis that access to reliable electricity supply is collectively and affordably provided by the relevant host authorities to investors and operators.
已经进行了几项学术研究，以建立电力获取与企业财务绩效的关系。然而，我们对能源利益相关者的满意度关系知之甚少。关于这一主题的少数研究往往缺乏控制变量。因此，这就是本研究背后的动机。因此，本文对控制企业特征在能源利益相关者满意度关系中的作用进行了实证分析。通过五分量表格式的结构化问卷收集的原始数据，采用多元线性回归模型，通过SPSS version 23对假设进行检验。基于对卡杜纳州、卡诺州、卡齐纳州和索科托州制造业、酒店餐饮业和批发零售业的245家抽样中小企业的横断面调查数据的结果显示，电力获取与中小企业利益相关者对电力获取的满意度之间存在显著的正相关关系t (245) = 9.138, p < 0.001;企业年龄t (245) = 4.404, p < 0.001。由于对持份者的满意度有明显的影响，本研究建议迫切需要增加对中小企业的电力供应，以提高企业持份者的满意度。增加电力供应应涉及发电能力的最佳生产和利用和(或)减少输电和配电损失。最重要的是，应该建立中小企业村/集群，以促进工业活动，在此基础上，有关东道国当局集体向投资者和经营者提供可靠和负担得起的电力供应。
{"title":"Does Electricity Access Relate to Stakeholders’ Satisfaction? Empirical Evidence from Small and Medium Enterprises in North-West, Nigeria","authors":"A. Sabo, Olusegun Kazeem Lekan","doi":"10.20448/journal.518.2019.41.35.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20448/journal.518.2019.41.35.43","url":null,"abstract":"Several scholarly studies have been conducted to establish relationships of electricity access to business financial performance. Nonetheless, little is known about energy-stakeholders’ satisfaction relationships. The few studies that do exist on the topic often lack control variable. Thus, this is the motivation behind the present study. Therefore, this paper provides an empirical analysis of the effect of controlling firm characteristics in the energy-stakeholders’ satisfaction relationships. A multiple linear regression model is applied to primary data collected through structured questionnaire in five–point rating scale format to test the hypothesis via SPSS version 23. Results based on cross-sectional survey data from 245 sampled SMEs operating in the city of Kaduna, Kano, Katsina and Sokoto state in manufacturing, hotel & restaurant and wholesale & retail sector show evidence of a strong positive statistically significant relationships between electricity access and SMEs stakeholders’ satisfaction with electricity access t (245) = 9.138, p < 0.001; firm age t (245) = 4.404, p < 0.001. Subject to appreciable effect on stakeholders’ satisfaction, this study recommends an urgent need to step up electricity supply to SMEs in order to accelerate satisfaction level of firms’ stakeholders. Increasing electricity access should involve optimal production and utilization of generation capacity and/or reduction of transmission and distribution losses. Above all, SMEs villages/clusters should be built to promote industrial activities on the basis that access to reliable electricity supply is collectively and affordably provided by the relevant host authorities to investors and operators.","PeriodicalId":37159,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Business Research","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76131460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trade disputes between Japan and South Korea have become increasingly serious. Some people blame the US president for this dispute, while others associate this with the need for the two countries to maintain the upper hand in Asia. Some of the problems are caused by trade restrictions and mutual embargoes between the two countries, all of which are aimed at achieving hegemony. Realism insists that the state develops on a self-sufficient basis, and the fundamental reason for its availability is to strengthen its own strength to help them get assistance in advance. The study will seek to assess whether Japan is willing to strengthen and congest power by undermining the Korean budget. Liberal internationalism assumes that the current global order may create peace, and global cooperation is an effective way to improve national interests. This view will assess whether Japan and South Korea will resolve their problems in a sincere manner and whether the United States will take a more active stance when making a resolution.
{"title":"Trade Disagreement Between Japan and South Korea","authors":"Yiquan Wang","doi":"10.20849/abr.v4i3.685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20849/abr.v4i3.685","url":null,"abstract":"Trade disputes between Japan and South Korea have become increasingly serious. Some people blame the US president for this dispute, while others associate this with the need for the two countries to maintain the upper hand in Asia. Some of the problems are caused by trade restrictions and mutual embargoes between the two countries, all of which are aimed at achieving hegemony. Realism insists that the state develops on a self-sufficient basis, and the fundamental reason for its availability is to strengthen its own strength to help them get assistance in advance. The study will seek to assess whether Japan is willing to strengthen and congest power by undermining the Korean budget. Liberal internationalism assumes that the current global order may create peace, and global cooperation is an effective way to improve national interests. This view will assess whether Japan and South Korea will resolve their problems in a sincere manner and whether the United States will take a more active stance when making a resolution.","PeriodicalId":37159,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Business Research","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73461006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This report evaluates the effectiveness of corporate social responsibility and contemporary community expectations. It analyses the definition of corporate social responsibility and the community expectations of CSR. The findings indicate that some company corporate social responsibility policy meet the community expectations. For instance, Westpac bank acts well in gender equality and scholar and Telstra has good performance in charity. However, there remain conflicts between CSR and community expectations. Optus collects customer information and leakage with careless conflicting legal element. Clean Tech provides the environmental service which is opposite of economic element in CSR. This report proposes some recommendations for company to keep balance for both CSR and community expectations.
{"title":"Corporate Social Responsibility and Contemporary Community Expectations","authors":"Bingyan Li, Chunyao Wang","doi":"10.20849/abr.v4i3.688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20849/abr.v4i3.688","url":null,"abstract":"This report evaluates the effectiveness of corporate social responsibility and contemporary community expectations. It analyses the definition of corporate social responsibility and the community expectations of CSR. The findings indicate that some company corporate social responsibility policy meet the community expectations. For instance, Westpac bank acts well in gender equality and scholar and Telstra has good performance in charity. However, there remain conflicts between CSR and community expectations. Optus collects customer information and leakage with careless conflicting legal element. Clean Tech provides the environmental service which is opposite of economic element in CSR. This report proposes some recommendations for company to keep balance for both CSR and community expectations.","PeriodicalId":37159,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Business Research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72711595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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