In Pakistan, wheat flour is mostly utilized for making flat breads locally called chapattis. Other uses of wheat flour are in bakery products manufacturing. It is an important constituent of daily diet of people. Shelf life of wheat flour is one of the most important factors for its quality determination. Wheat flour is often tainted with pathogenic fungal species and their toxic secondary metabolites called Mycotoxins. The present study was designed to make a comparative analysis of Microbiological quality (fungal load and total coliform count) and detection of aflatoxins in raw and branded whole wheat flour samples of Lahore Metropolitan city. Total 100 samples were collected for determination of fungal load, coliform and aflatoxins. The Standardized methods were applied to count the colony forming units of fungal species and total coliform bacteria respectively. The results indicated both branded and raw whole wheat flour groups were of good quality for human consumption. However, the microbiological quality of branded whole flour was better than raw whole wheat flour. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in fungal load of raw and branded whole wheat flour. Similarly, coliform bacteria were only cultured form the samples of raw flour. In the last stage of study, aflatoxins level was analysed by using a commercially available kit. All the samples of both raw and branded whole wheat flours were negative for aflatoxins detection. The overall quality of raw and branded whole wheat flours in Lahore city is satisfactory for consumers.
{"title":"Fungal Load, Coliform and Aflatoxins in Wheat Flour of Lahore Metropolitan City","authors":"","doi":"10.34091/ajls.3.2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34091/ajls.3.2.9","url":null,"abstract":"In Pakistan, wheat flour is mostly utilized for making flat breads locally called chapattis. Other uses of wheat flour are in bakery products manufacturing. It is an important constituent of daily diet of people. Shelf life of wheat flour is one of the most important factors for its quality determination. Wheat flour is often tainted with pathogenic fungal species and their toxic secondary metabolites called Mycotoxins. The present study was designed to make a comparative analysis of Microbiological quality (fungal load and total coliform count) and detection of aflatoxins in raw and branded whole wheat flour samples of Lahore Metropolitan city. Total 100 samples were collected for determination of fungal load, coliform and aflatoxins. The Standardized methods were applied to count the colony forming units of fungal species and total coliform bacteria respectively. The results indicated both branded and raw whole wheat flour groups were of good quality for human consumption. However, the microbiological quality of branded whole flour was better than raw whole wheat flour. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in fungal load of raw and branded whole wheat flour. Similarly, coliform bacteria were only cultured form the samples of raw flour. In the last stage of study, aflatoxins level was analysed by using a commercially available kit. All the samples of both raw and branded whole wheat flours were negative for aflatoxins detection. The overall quality of raw and branded whole wheat flours in Lahore city is satisfactory for consumers.","PeriodicalId":371643,"journal":{"name":"Abasyn Journal Life Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130276363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a disease characterized by hematopoietic and progenitor stem cells disorder, resulting in their proliferation and accumulation in bone marrow which leads to hematopoietic failure. It is an aggressive form of cancer that typically demands quick decision-making. In case of AML, the addition of drug efflux inhibitors to the chemotherapeutic regimen may improve outcomes in patients. With the advancement in treatment strategies, patients can now receive chemotherapy, radiation therapy or additional stem cell transplants. Specific genetic mutations in leukemic cells provide the direction for treatment and determine the overall survival rate of patients. Older patients have adverse treatment consequences as age is an important factor in AML prognosis. We critically reviewed multiple existing therapies for AML. Optimization of traditional therapies remain major concern of scientists. However, little bit advancement has been made in current years. There is immense need of novel and targeted therapies to treat AML and reduce its relapse chances.
{"title":"Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Concise Overview","authors":"Tahir Omer","doi":"10.34091/ajls.3.2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34091/ajls.3.2.11","url":null,"abstract":"Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a disease characterized by hematopoietic and progenitor stem cells disorder, resulting in their proliferation and accumulation in bone marrow which leads to hematopoietic failure. It is an aggressive form of cancer that typically demands quick decision-making. In case of AML, the addition of drug efflux inhibitors to the chemotherapeutic regimen may improve outcomes in patients. With the advancement in treatment strategies, patients can now receive chemotherapy, radiation therapy or additional stem cell transplants. Specific genetic mutations in leukemic cells provide the direction for treatment and determine the overall survival rate of patients. Older patients have adverse treatment consequences as age is an important factor in AML prognosis. We critically reviewed multiple existing therapies for AML. Optimization of traditional therapies remain major concern of scientists. However, little bit advancement has been made in current years. There is immense need of novel and targeted therapies to treat AML and reduce its relapse chances.","PeriodicalId":371643,"journal":{"name":"Abasyn Journal Life Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117064631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a heterogeneous, most common type of acute leukaemia that involves mutation in haematopoietic and progenitors stem cells (HPSCs) leading to uncontrolled division, self-renewal and differentiation. Though it was untreatable about a half century ago, AML is now considered to be treatable in up to 40% of adults and those who are at or under 60 years of age. For the post-induction treatment, the mutation testing and cytogenetics are still an important prognostic tool. The AML treatment remains unchanged for almost three decades, although the field is advanced with the discovery of new drugs and deep understanding of the disease biology. Still, many people are relapsing and are dying eventually from the disease. This review discusses the broader aspects of AML, reflecting some of the most important and productive areas of research on the subject and was conducted using thoroughly searching databases, including Health Research and Development Information network Plus (HERDIN Plus), google scholar and PubMed to critically analyses the recent advances, available treatments and future prospectives of AML.
急性髓性白血病(AML)是一种异质性的、最常见的急性白血病类型，涉及造血干细胞和祖干细胞(HPSCs)的突变，导致不受控制的分裂、自我更新和分化。虽然大约半个世纪前AML是无法治疗的，但现在认为高达40%的成年人和60岁以下的人是可以治疗的。对于诱导后治疗，突变检测和细胞遗传学仍然是一个重要的预后工具。尽管随着新药的发现和对疾病生物学的深入了解，AML的治疗方法在近三十年来一直保持不变。尽管如此，许多人仍在复发，最终死于这种疾病。本综述讨论了AML的更广泛方面，反映了该主题研究的一些最重要和最富有成效的领域，并使用全面搜索数据库，包括健康研究与发展信息网络Plus (HERDIN Plus)， google scholar和PubMed，以批判性地分析AML的最新进展，可用的治疗方法和未来前景。
{"title":"Insights into Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Critical Analysis on its Wide Aspects","authors":"","doi":"10.34091/ajls.3.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34091/ajls.3.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a heterogeneous, most common type of acute leukaemia that involves mutation in haematopoietic and progenitors stem cells (HPSCs) leading to uncontrolled division, self-renewal and differentiation. Though it was untreatable about a half century ago, AML is now considered to be treatable in up to 40% of adults and those who are at or under 60 years of age. For the post-induction treatment, the mutation testing and cytogenetics are still an important prognostic tool. The AML treatment remains unchanged for almost three decades, although the field is advanced with the discovery of new drugs and deep understanding of the disease biology. Still, many people are relapsing and are dying eventually from the disease. This review discusses the broader aspects of AML, reflecting some of the most important and productive areas of research on the subject and was conducted using thoroughly searching databases, including Health Research and Development Information network Plus (HERDIN Plus), google scholar and PubMed to critically analyses the recent advances, available treatments and future prospectives of AML.","PeriodicalId":371643,"journal":{"name":"Abasyn Journal Life Sciences","volume":"351 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120945390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This cross sectional study was designed to investigate the frequency and potential risk factors of anti-HCV among blood donors as well as to elucidate the most sensitive screening method for routine practice in Bacha Khan Medical Complex (BKMC) Shahmansoor and District Head Quarter (DHQ) Hospital Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. A total of 3390 male volunteer blood donors with age range 18-55 years were screened for HCV-Ab through an immuno-chromatographic test (ICT) and 3rd generation-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The sensitivity of ICT and ELISA was also evaluated by comparing their results. Among 3390 donors, 59 (1.74 %) were found positive for HCV-Ab through ICT and 62 (1.82 %) were HCV-Ab positive by ELISA assay. The highest frequency rate (40.3 %) was observed among donors within the age group of 18-30 years followed by (27.4 %) among 31-40 years, (17.7 %) among 41-50 years and the lowest frequency (14.5 %) was found among 51-55 years. Dental treatment (37.0 %) was significantly associated with anti-HCV seropositivity followed by blood transfusion (20.9 %), major surgery (14.5 %), travel abroad and unknown reason (11.2 %) for each and the lowest anti-HCV association was observed among donors who shaved by the barbers (4.8 %). The results from ICT and ELISA indicated that ELISA is a more sensitive, and reliable technique for routine screening of blood donors to control infectious diseases particularly HCV infection.
{"title":"Immunochromatographic Test and Third Generation ELISA for Elucidating the Existence and Risk Factors of Anti-HCV Antibodies among Blood Donors from Swabi Pakistan","authors":"","doi":"10.34091/ajls.3.2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34091/ajls.3.2.13","url":null,"abstract":"This cross sectional study was designed to investigate the frequency and potential risk factors of anti-HCV among blood donors as well as to elucidate the most sensitive screening method for routine practice in Bacha Khan Medical Complex (BKMC) Shahmansoor and District Head Quarter (DHQ) Hospital Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. A total of 3390 male volunteer blood donors with age range 18-55 years were screened for HCV-Ab through an immuno-chromatographic test (ICT) and 3rd generation-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The sensitivity of ICT and ELISA was also evaluated by comparing their results. Among 3390 donors, 59 (1.74 %) were found positive for HCV-Ab through ICT and 62 (1.82 %) were HCV-Ab positive by ELISA assay. The highest frequency rate (40.3 %) was observed among donors within the age group of 18-30 years followed by (27.4 %) among 31-40 years, (17.7 %) among 41-50 years and the lowest frequency (14.5 %) was found among 51-55 years. Dental treatment (37.0 %) was significantly associated with anti-HCV seropositivity followed by blood transfusion (20.9 %), major surgery (14.5 %), travel abroad and unknown reason (11.2 %) for each and the lowest anti-HCV association was observed among donors who shaved by the barbers (4.8 %). The results from ICT and ELISA indicated that ELISA is a more sensitive, and reliable technique for routine screening of blood donors to control infectious diseases particularly HCV infection.","PeriodicalId":371643,"journal":{"name":"Abasyn Journal Life Sciences","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134140175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis L. responsible for destroying qualitative and quantitative losses to most stored grains. Once the damage done by the beetle, the grains lose their nutritional and germination capacity and become unfit for either consumption. Seed treatment still mainly relies on heavy synthetic chemicals which cause residual effect and threaten public health. However, the natural plant products containing insecticidal activity have recently displayed a great scope as they tend to come up with low mammalian toxicity, less effect on environmental and broad public adoption. Therefore, an experiment was conducted with variable doses of Eruca sativa L. seed oil (0.5 ml, 1 ml, and 1.5 ml) against C. chinensis. The data were recorded for corrected mortality, repellent effects, and seed protectant at different intervals (24, 48, 72 hrs and 1 week). We found the higher corrected mortality (32.65%) at 1.5ml after 24 hrs. Later, the mortality percentage decreased at different intervals but remained higher at maximum dose of E. sativa. However, the overall highest mortality of C. chinensis was 50.00% at 1.5 ml and the lowest 41.00% at 0.5 ml. Meanwhile, the index showed repellent effect with R.I value <1 in all treatments at different intervals. The seed protectant data showed that the minimum number of 1.66±0.33 eggs laid on treated seeds at 1.5 ml and 8.00±1.15 eggs on untreated seeds in choice experiment. In total, maximum number of 17.33±4.93 eggs laid at 0.5 ml in choice experiment and minimum 4.83±1.51 eggs at 1.5 ml. However, in no choice experiment, the maximum number of 51.00±4.58 eggs on control treatment and minimum 0.33±0.33 eggs on 1.5 ml were laid by pulse beetle. The most effective dose of 1.5ml caused maximum mortality, repellent and seed protectant.
{"title":"Bio efficacy of Eruca sativa oil against Callosobruchus chinensis on chickpea","authors":"","doi":"10.34091/ajls.3.2.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34091/ajls.3.2.19","url":null,"abstract":"Pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis L. responsible for destroying qualitative and quantitative losses to most stored grains. Once the damage done by the beetle, the grains lose their nutritional and germination capacity and become unfit for either consumption. Seed treatment still mainly relies on heavy synthetic chemicals which cause residual effect and threaten public health. However, the natural plant products containing insecticidal activity have recently displayed a great scope as they tend to come up with low mammalian toxicity, less effect on environmental and broad public adoption. Therefore, an experiment was conducted with variable doses of Eruca sativa L. seed oil (0.5 ml, 1 ml, and 1.5 ml) against C. chinensis. The data were recorded for corrected mortality, repellent effects, and seed protectant at different intervals (24, 48, 72 hrs and 1 week). We found the higher corrected mortality (32.65%) at 1.5ml after 24 hrs. Later, the mortality percentage decreased at different intervals but remained higher at maximum dose of E. sativa. However, the overall highest mortality of C. chinensis was 50.00% at 1.5 ml and the lowest 41.00% at 0.5 ml. Meanwhile, the index showed repellent effect with R.I value <1 in all treatments at different intervals. The seed protectant data showed that the minimum number of 1.66±0.33 eggs laid on treated seeds at 1.5 ml and 8.00±1.15 eggs on untreated seeds in choice experiment. In total, maximum number of 17.33±4.93 eggs laid at 0.5 ml in choice experiment and minimum 4.83±1.51 eggs at 1.5 ml. However, in no choice experiment, the maximum number of 51.00±4.58 eggs on control treatment and minimum 0.33±0.33 eggs on 1.5 ml were laid by pulse beetle. The most effective dose of 1.5ml caused maximum mortality, repellent and seed protectant.","PeriodicalId":371643,"journal":{"name":"Abasyn Journal Life Sciences","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116710802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to estimate genetic variability, heritability, and genetic advance for morphological characters in Brassica carinata L. A total of 22 genotypes comprised of six parental lines and their 16 bulk F2 populations were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications at The University of Agriculture Peshawar during 2013-14. Data were recorded on days to 50% flowering, primary branches plant-1, main raceme length, pods on main raceme, pod length, number of seeds pod-1, 100-seed weight, and seed yield plant-1. Significant genetic differences were observed for all the traits studied. Among parental lines, C-93 performed better for primary branches plant-1 (11 branches), main raceme length (59.57 cm), pods on main raceme-1 (33 pods), and seeds pod-1 (15 seeds), C-95 for pod length (4.04 cm) and seed yield plant-1 (12.26 g). Among F2 populations, C-97 x C-88 performed better for main raceme length (73.20 cm), pods on main raceme (41 pods), C-88 x C-93 for pod length (4.95 cm), seeds pod-1 (18 seeds), and seed yield plant-1 (14.71 g). Moderate (30 < h2 ≤ 60) to high (h2 > 60) broad-sense heritability was observed for all morphological traits with maximum genetic advance, hence indicated that selection could be effective in the early generation for the improvements of these studied traits. Generally, cross combinations C-88 x C-93, C-97 x C-95, C-90 x C-93, and C-97 x C-88 performed better than their parental lines for morphological (primary branches plant-1, seeds pod-1, and seed yield plant-1) traits and could be exploited for varietal development in future brassica breeding programs.
{"title":"Genetic variability and heritability estimates of morphological traits in F2 populations of rapeseed (Brassica carinata L.)","authors":"","doi":"10.34091/ajls.3.2.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34091/ajls.3.2.18","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to estimate genetic variability, heritability, and genetic advance for morphological characters in Brassica carinata L. A total of 22 genotypes comprised of six parental lines and their 16 bulk F2 populations were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications at The University of Agriculture Peshawar during 2013-14. Data were recorded on days to 50% flowering, primary branches plant-1, main raceme length, pods on main raceme, pod length, number of seeds pod-1, 100-seed weight, and seed yield plant-1. Significant genetic differences were observed for all the traits studied. Among parental lines, C-93 performed better for primary branches plant-1 (11 branches), main raceme length (59.57 cm), pods on main raceme-1 (33 pods), and seeds pod-1 (15 seeds), C-95 for pod length (4.04 cm) and seed yield plant-1 (12.26 g). Among F2 populations, C-97 x C-88 performed better for main raceme length (73.20 cm), pods on main raceme (41 pods), C-88 x C-93 for pod length (4.95 cm), seeds pod-1 (18 seeds), and seed yield plant-1 (14.71 g). Moderate (30 < h2 ≤ 60) to high (h2 > 60) broad-sense heritability was observed for all morphological traits with maximum genetic advance, hence indicated that selection could be effective in the early generation for the improvements of these studied traits. Generally, cross combinations C-88 x C-93, C-97 x C-95, C-90 x C-93, and C-97 x C-88 performed better than their parental lines for morphological (primary branches plant-1, seeds pod-1, and seed yield plant-1) traits and could be exploited for varietal development in future brassica breeding programs.","PeriodicalId":371643,"journal":{"name":"Abasyn Journal Life Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130335798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research was aimed to assess the physicochemical properties of seven edible oils, i.e., almond oil, castor oil, cooking oil, mustard oil, pumpkin oil, black seed oil and egg oil collected from local market, Mansehra. Their chemical and physical properties were also compared to the recommended levels set as a standard by WHO/FAO to find out whether they are suitable and safe to be used by human beings. Among the chemical characteristics, acid values, saponification values and peroxide values were determined while the physical properties that were studied included density, specific gravity, refractive index, moisture content and viscosity. All these assays were performed using standardized assays/protocols. From the results, it can be illustrated that most of the physicochemical parameters are in line with the standard values as evident from the results. However, some value shows deviation, for instance, the acid values of all studied oil samples except almond oil, cooking oil and pumpkin oil exceed the recommended value of 0.6. In addition, the saponification value of almond oil and black seed oil, while peroxide value of pumpkin oil are above the recommended range. So, it can be concluded that most of these oils whose studied parameters are according to permissible limits are safe for human consumption.
{"title":"Investigation of Chemical and Physical Properties of Seven Types of Edible Oils of District Mansehra with Respect to the Recommended Standards","authors":"","doi":"10.34091/ajls.3.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34091/ajls.3.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"This research was aimed to assess the physicochemical properties of seven edible oils, i.e., almond oil, castor oil, cooking oil, mustard oil, pumpkin oil, black seed oil and egg oil collected from local market, Mansehra. Their chemical and physical properties were also compared to the recommended levels set as a standard by WHO/FAO to find out whether they are suitable and safe to be used by human beings. Among the chemical characteristics, acid values, saponification values and peroxide values were determined while the physical properties that were studied included density, specific gravity, refractive index, moisture content and viscosity. All these assays were performed using standardized assays/protocols. From the results, it can be illustrated that most of the physicochemical parameters are in line with the standard values as evident from the results. However, some value shows deviation, for instance, the acid values of all studied oil samples except almond oil, cooking oil and pumpkin oil exceed the recommended value of 0.6. In addition, the saponification value of almond oil and black seed oil, while peroxide value of pumpkin oil are above the recommended range. So, it can be concluded that most of these oils whose studied parameters are according to permissible limits are safe for human consumption.","PeriodicalId":371643,"journal":{"name":"Abasyn Journal Life Sciences","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126752632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bacterial microbiota is predominantly present in all living organisms. Most of the bacteria present in the gut of the fish are contaminating the food chain. In the present study, we aimed to isolate and characterize the bacteria in the gut of Epinephelus sp. in the red sea of Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Bacteria were isolated from the guts of 10 fish samples and were grown on Luria Bertani (LB) and nutrient agar media. Total thirteen bacterial colonies were screen out by morphological identification i.e., color, shape, structure, etc. which were further reduced to 7 colonies e.g., IF001, IF002, F003, IF004, F005, IF006, and IF007. The bacterial isolates were also identified through molecular identification using 16S-rDNA sequencing. The genomic DNA was isolated and was sequenced using the Sanger® sequencing method. BLAST alignment results that IF001 and IF002 were members Bacillus sp. IF003 was a strain of photobacterium damselae, IF004 and IF006 were strains of Rothia endophytica, IF005 was a strain of Acinetobacter bouvetiiand IF007 was belonged to Shewanella oneidensis. The molecular identification confirmed the identification of bacterial isolates in the Epinephelus sp. obtained from the red sea.
{"title":"Identification, Screening, and Molecular Characterization of Bacterial Microbiota\u0000in the guts of Epinephelus sp.","authors":"","doi":"10.34091/ajls.3.2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34091/ajls.3.2.7","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial microbiota is predominantly present in all living organisms. Most\u0000of the bacteria present in the gut of the fish are contaminating the food\u0000chain. In the present study, we aimed to isolate and characterize the\u0000bacteria in the gut of Epinephelus sp. in the red sea of Jeddah, Kingdom of\u0000Saudi Arabia. Bacteria were isolated from the guts of 10 fish samples and\u0000were grown on Luria Bertani (LB) and nutrient agar media. Total thirteen\u0000bacterial colonies were screen out by morphological identification i.e.,\u0000color, shape, structure, etc. which were further reduced to 7 colonies e.g.,\u0000IF001, IF002, F003, IF004, F005, IF006, and IF007. The bacterial isolates\u0000were also identified through molecular identification using 16S-rDNA\u0000sequencing. The genomic DNA was isolated and was sequenced using the\u0000Sanger® sequencing method. BLAST alignment results that IF001 and IF002\u0000were members Bacillus sp. IF003 was a strain of photobacterium damselae,\u0000IF004 and IF006 were strains of Rothia endophytica, IF005 was a strain of\u0000Acinetobacter bouvetiiand IF007 was belonged to Shewanella oneidensis.\u0000The molecular identification confirmed the identification of bacterial\u0000isolates in the Epinephelus sp. obtained from the red sea.","PeriodicalId":371643,"journal":{"name":"Abasyn Journal Life Sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121218928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Catalase activity in response to binary metal mixture of Zn + Ni was studied in gills, hepatic, renal and cardiac tissues of Catla catla. A total of 30 fish fingerlings were kept in two glass aquaria (15 in controlled condition and 15 in metal mixture containing aquarium) for the period of two weeks. After the completion of the trial period, fish were dissected for different organ collection. The extracted organs were homogenized in phosphate buffer (50 mM; pH 7.0). The activity of catalase was determined by absorption at 240 nm by using the standard methods. The inferences showed higher catalase activity in liver (223.33 ±1 UmL-1), kidney (163.33 ± 0.7 UmL-1), gills (123.33 ±0.9 UmL-1) and cardiac (120 ±3 UmL-1) tissues of Zn + Ni treated fish in comparison to controlled fish liver (116.66 ±2 UmL-1), kidney (101.66 ±1 UmL-1), gills (96.66 ±0.66 UmL-1) and cardiac tissues (70 ±0.33 UmL-1) in this study. Statistically, significant differences at p ≤ 0.05 was observed for catalase activity between Zn + Ni stressed and control fish groups. While, in different organs of both group of fishes the catalase activity order was observed as hepatic > renal > gills > heart. Findings of this study would be helpful in monitoring aquatic ecosystems using fish antioxidant system which acts as a bio-indicator of metal contamination.
研究了鲶鱼鳃、肝脏、肾脏和心脏组织过氧化氢酶活性对锌+镍二元金属混合物的响应。在2个玻璃水族箱中(控制水族箱15只，金属混合水族箱15只)饲养30只鱼种，为期2周。试验期结束后，对鱼进行解剖，收集不同的器官。提取的器官在磷酸盐缓冲液(50 mM;pH值7.0)。用标准方法在240 nm处吸收测定过氧化氢酶活性。结果表明，锌+ Ni处理后的鱼肝脏(223.33±1 μ l -1)、肾脏(163.33±0.7 μ l -1)、鱼鳃(123.33±0.9 μ l -1)和心脏(120±3 μ l -1)过氧化氢酶活性高于对照组的肝脏(116.66±2 μ l -1)、肾脏(101.66±1 μ l -1)、鱼鳃(96.66±0.66 μ l -1)和心脏(70±0.33 μ l -1)。Zn + Ni胁迫组与对照组过氧化氢酶活性差异显著(p≤0.05)。而在两组鱼的不同器官中，过氧化氢酶活性依次为肝脏>肾脏>鳃>心脏。本研究结果将有助于利用鱼类抗氧化系统作为金属污染的生物指示物对水生生态系统进行监测。
{"title":"Catalase Activity in Response to Metals in Freshwater Fish Catla catla","authors":"","doi":"10.34091/ajls.3.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34091/ajls.3.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"Catalase activity in response to binary metal mixture of Zn + Ni was studied in gills, hepatic, renal and cardiac tissues of Catla catla. A total of 30 fish fingerlings were kept in two glass aquaria (15 in controlled condition and 15 in metal mixture containing aquarium) for the period of two weeks. After the completion of the trial period, fish were dissected for different organ collection. The extracted organs were homogenized in phosphate buffer (50 mM; pH 7.0). The activity of catalase was determined by absorption at 240 nm by using the standard methods. The inferences showed higher catalase activity in liver (223.33 ±1 UmL-1), kidney (163.33 ± 0.7 UmL-1), gills (123.33 ±0.9 UmL-1) and cardiac (120 ±3 UmL-1) tissues of Zn + Ni treated fish in comparison to controlled fish liver (116.66 ±2 UmL-1), kidney (101.66 ±1 UmL-1), gills (96.66 ±0.66 UmL-1) and cardiac tissues (70 ±0.33 UmL-1) in this study. Statistically, significant differences at p ≤ 0.05 was observed for catalase activity between Zn + Ni stressed and control fish groups. While, in different organs of both group of fishes the catalase activity order was observed as hepatic > renal > gills > heart. Findings of this study would be helpful in monitoring aquatic ecosystems using fish antioxidant system which acts as a bio-indicator of metal contamination.","PeriodicalId":371643,"journal":{"name":"Abasyn Journal Life Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129901719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Corvus splendens (Indian house crow) normally fed on the garbage therefore, they have many pathogenic bacteria, which can infect the human and cause severe infection in human irrespective to the gender, age and region. The bacteria samples were isolated from the faeces, blood lever, and intestines of the crows in Luria-Bertani (LB) agar plates. The culture plates were incubated at 37°C until the colonies were appeared. The colonies were identified morphologically and through molecular marker using 16S-rDNA. The Commiphora myrrha plant extract was used to determine the antibacterial activities against the pathogenic bacteria isolated from crows. The plant was crushed with 70% methanol and filtered. The filtrates were dried and dissolved in 100% methanol. Antibacterial activities of plant extracts were determined against the pathogenic bacteria isolated from crows. The results showed that the plant extracts were very effective against the pathogenic bacteria and showed 100% antibacterial activities. The plants extracts were analyzed for the characterization of different antimicrobial compound through gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The undecane, tetrasiloxane, hexadecanoic acid, heptasiloxane, benzocyclohepten and many other compounds. The antibacterial activities of the plant extracts were might be because of their compound which had been reported previously as well as an antimicrobial compound.
{"title":"Exploration of Antibacterial Compounds from the Commiphora myrrha Through GC-MS and Their Evaluation Against the Bacteria Isolated from Corvus splendens","authors":"","doi":"10.34091/ajls.3.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34091/ajls.3.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"The Corvus splendens (Indian house crow) normally fed on the garbage therefore, they have many pathogenic bacteria, which can infect the human and cause severe infection in human irrespective to the gender, age and region. The bacteria samples were isolated from the faeces, blood lever, and intestines of the crows in Luria-Bertani (LB) agar plates. The culture plates were incubated at 37°C until the colonies were appeared. The colonies were identified morphologically and through molecular marker using 16S-rDNA. The Commiphora myrrha plant extract was used to determine the antibacterial activities against the pathogenic bacteria isolated from crows. The plant was crushed with 70% methanol and filtered. The filtrates were dried and dissolved in 100% methanol. Antibacterial activities of plant extracts were determined against the pathogenic bacteria isolated from crows. The results showed that the plant extracts were very effective against the pathogenic bacteria and showed 100% antibacterial activities. The plants extracts were analyzed for the characterization of different antimicrobial compound through gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The undecane, tetrasiloxane, hexadecanoic acid, heptasiloxane, benzocyclohepten and many other compounds. The antibacterial activities of the plant extracts were might be because of their compound which had been reported previously as well as an antimicrobial compound.","PeriodicalId":371643,"journal":{"name":"Abasyn Journal Life Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127979739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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