Pub Date : 2023-11-29DOI: 10.1163/24055069-08040004
Isabelle Pantin
Gassendi was much engaged in observational astronomy and in the effort to circulate astronomical knowledge. He corresponded with astronomers living in several European countries. The exchanges he had with Dutch correspondents, notably Martin Hortensius and Govaart Wendelen, were among the most fruitful. These exchanges, which followed the rules of the Republic of Letters, circulated information in support of long-term projects, such as the revision of geographical coordinates and cosmic dimensions, at the moment when the use of the telescope in combination with traditional measuring instruments established a higher standard of accuracy.
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Pub Date : 2023-11-29DOI: 10.1163/24055069-08040003
S. Broecke
Scholars have tended to focus on Gassendi’s relations with the mathematical, natural-philosophical, and erudite interlocutors he encountered in the Republic. This sits uneasily with the fact that Gassendi’s time in the Spanish Netherlands was about three times as long as his stay in the Republic (i.e., six weeks vs. two weeks). Drawing on the deep engagement with eschatology and divination of Gassendi’s close friend Govaert Wendelen (1580–1667) in the period between 1626 and 1632, this paper raises two questions. First, which natural-philosophical culture did Gassendi encounter in the Spanish Netherlands? Second, which similarities and divergences between Gassendi and his interlocutors does this encounter allow us to discern more clearly?
{"title":"Eschatology, Divination, and Gassendi’s Encounter with Spanish-Netherlandish Natural Philosophy (1629)","authors":"S. Broecke","doi":"10.1163/24055069-08040003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/24055069-08040003","url":null,"abstract":"Scholars have tended to focus on Gassendi’s relations with the mathematical, natural-philosophical, and erudite interlocutors he encountered in the Republic. This sits uneasily with the fact that Gassendi’s time in the Spanish Netherlands was about three times as long as his stay in the Republic (i.e., six weeks vs. two weeks). Drawing on the deep engagement with eschatology and divination of Gassendi’s close friend Govaert Wendelen (1580–1667) in the period between 1626 and 1632, this paper raises two questions. First, which natural-philosophical culture did Gassendi encounter in the Spanish Netherlands? Second, which similarities and divergences between Gassendi and his interlocutors does this encounter allow us to discern more clearly?","PeriodicalId":37173,"journal":{"name":"Erudition and the Republic of Letters","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139211427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-29DOI: 10.1163/24055069-08040001
Delphine Bellis
This introduction summarises the nature of the strong intellectual links existing between the French philosopher Pierre Gassendi (1592–1655) and the Low Countries. It retraces the main steps of his trip to the Spanish Low Countries and the Dutch Republic in 1629, and the importance of this trip for the development of his philosophy, as well as the epistolary network with his correspondents from that area, especially in the field of astronomy. Scholars in the Low Countries were receptive to atomistic theories, empiricism, and anti-dogmatism, all of which are central to Gassendi’s philosophy. Gassendi’s philosophy also provided arguments against Descartes’s metaphysics, and helped disseminate Galileo’s mechanics in the Low Countries. Gassendi’s influence in the Low Countries lasted beyond his death, as can be seen in the philosophy of Spinoza and Bayle.
{"title":"Gassendi and the Low Countries: Introduction","authors":"Delphine Bellis","doi":"10.1163/24055069-08040001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/24055069-08040001","url":null,"abstract":"This introduction summarises the nature of the strong intellectual links existing between the French philosopher Pierre Gassendi (1592–1655) and the Low Countries. It retraces the main steps of his trip to the Spanish Low Countries and the Dutch Republic in 1629, and the importance of this trip for the development of his philosophy, as well as the epistolary network with his correspondents from that area, especially in the field of astronomy. Scholars in the Low Countries were receptive to atomistic theories, empiricism, and anti-dogmatism, all of which are central to Gassendi’s philosophy. Gassendi’s philosophy also provided arguments against Descartes’s metaphysics, and helped disseminate Galileo’s mechanics in the Low Countries. Gassendi’s influence in the Low Countries lasted beyond his death, as can be seen in the philosophy of Spinoza and Bayle.","PeriodicalId":37173,"journal":{"name":"Erudition and the Republic of Letters","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139212086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-29DOI: 10.1163/24055069-08040007
Samuel Le Gendre
This contribution focuses on the issue of creatures’ conservation in being. The aim is as follows: to demonstrate that the Cartesian position is significantly different from the positions adopted by Gassendi and then by Spinoza. Indeed, both, in contrast to Descartes, adopt a principle of metaphysical inertia, which parallels their principle of physical inertia. If Gassendi can conceive of this principle of metaphysical inertia, it is because he really distinguishes between creation and conservation. If Spinoza, who owes it to his reading of the 5th Objections and Replies, can conceive of his principle, it is because he distinguishes between ideal essence and actual essence.
{"title":"Perseverare in (suo) Esse: Gassendi and Spinoza against Descartes","authors":"Samuel Le Gendre","doi":"10.1163/24055069-08040007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/24055069-08040007","url":null,"abstract":"This contribution focuses on the issue of creatures’ conservation in being. The aim is as follows: to demonstrate that the Cartesian position is significantly different from the positions adopted by Gassendi and then by Spinoza. Indeed, both, in contrast to Descartes, adopt a principle of metaphysical inertia, which parallels their principle of physical inertia. If Gassendi can conceive of this principle of metaphysical inertia, it is because he really distinguishes between creation and conservation. If Spinoza, who owes it to his reading of the 5th Objections and Replies, can conceive of his principle, it is because he distinguishes between ideal essence and actual essence.","PeriodicalId":37173,"journal":{"name":"Erudition and the Republic of Letters","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139211945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-29DOI: 10.1163/24055069-08040006
Erik-Jan Bos
In the 1650s, two professors of philosophy at the University of Utrecht defended atomism. Interestingly, one of them, Johannes de Bruyn, is considered to be a staunch Cartesian, while the other, Daniel Voet, was a neo-Aristotelian and strongly opposed to Descartes’s philosophy. This article examines this curious situation and analyses the theories of both professors. While converging with Gassendi on several crucial points, their theories relied mainly on other sources. Since De Bruyn’s atomistic view has never been studied before, the main part of the article is devoted to him and his sources. Surprisingly, it turns out that David Gorlaeus was a source of inspiration for De Bruyn’s development of a new type of Cartesianism.
1650 年代，乌得勒支大学的两位哲学教授为原子论辩护。有趣的是，其中一位约翰内斯-德-布鲁因（Johannes de Bruyn）被认为是坚定的笛卡尔主义者，而另一位丹尼尔-沃伊特（Daniel Voet）则是新亚里士多德主义者，强烈反对笛卡尔哲学。本文探讨了这一奇怪的情况，并分析了两位教授的理论。虽然他们在几个关键点上与伽森迪的观点一致，但他们的理论主要依赖于其他来源。由于德布鲁因的原子论观点以前从未被研究过，因此文章的主要部分专门讨论他和他的资料来源。令人惊讶的是，大卫-戈尔莱乌斯（David Gorlaeus）竟然是德布鲁恩发展新型笛卡尔主义的灵感来源。
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Pub Date : 2023-11-29DOI: 10.1163/24055069-08040008
Domenico Collacciani
In this article, I explore the role that Gassendi’s philosophy plays in Pierre Bayle’s work. Bayle often quotes Gassendi, as much in the Œuvres diverses as in the Dictionnaire. Despite their stylistic differences, the two authors share a sceptical stance that is supported by considerable erudition. First, I demonstrate that Gassendi is an important source of historical information and philological observations. Second, I discuss the thesis of ensouled atoms that Bayle formulates on several occasions in his articles on ancient atomism and argue that the hypothesis constitutes a polemical stance against modern atomism. In particular, it provides grounds for a critique of the definition of the weight of atoms in the Syntagma. I suggest that according to Bayle, the notion of materia actuosa must be refuted on the grounds that it may render the generation of sentient life inconceivable.
{"title":"Bayle on Gassendi: The History and Theory of Atomism","authors":"Domenico Collacciani","doi":"10.1163/24055069-08040008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/24055069-08040008","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, I explore the role that Gassendi’s philosophy plays in Pierre Bayle’s work. Bayle often quotes Gassendi, as much in the Œuvres diverses as in the Dictionnaire. Despite their stylistic differences, the two authors share a sceptical stance that is supported by considerable erudition. First, I demonstrate that Gassendi is an important source of historical information and philological observations. Second, I discuss the thesis of ensouled atoms that Bayle formulates on several occasions in his articles on ancient atomism and argue that the hypothesis constitutes a polemical stance against modern atomism. In particular, it provides grounds for a critique of the definition of the weight of atoms in the Syntagma. I suggest that according to Bayle, the notion of materia actuosa must be refuted on the grounds that it may render the generation of sentient life inconceivable.","PeriodicalId":37173,"journal":{"name":"Erudition and the Republic of Letters","volume":"233 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139212513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-29DOI: 10.1163/24055069-08040002
Theo Verbeek
The Dutch reception of Gassendi is determined on the one hand by his journey to the United Provinces in 1629 and on the other by his works as they were published from 1624 to 1656. With much of it I dealt in earlier publications. What I present here are some supplementary remarks and a closer consideration of, presumably, the last Dutch ‘Gassendist’, Gerardus de Vries (1648–1705).
荷兰人对加桑迪的接受，一方面取决于他1629年前往联合省的旅程，另一方面取决于他从1624年到1656年出版的作品。我在之前的出版物中对其中的许多内容进行了论述。我在此提出一些补充意见，并对荷兰最后一位 "加森迪主义者 "杰勒德斯-德-弗里斯（Gerardus de Vries，1648-1705 年）进行更深入的研究。
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Pub Date : 2023-11-29DOI: 10.1163/24055069-08040005
C. R. Palmerino
This article explores Gassendi’s influence on the Franeker professor Jan Fokkes Holwarda (1618–1651), author of a posthumously published Philosophia naturalis, seu physica vetus-nova (1651). In the section of the book devoted to celestial physics, Holwarda pays homage to the ‘Gallic Lynx, Pierre Gassendi’ and discusses at length his astronomical observations. Gassendi’s name, by contrast, does not figure in the section on general physics, where Holwarda endorses atomism and the new science of motion. Some scholars suggested a possible influence of Gassendi on Holwarda’s matter theory, while others denied it. As the present article shows, most chapters of the Physica generalis are in fact extensively plagiarized from, or inspired by, Gassendi’s letters De apparente magnitudine solis humilis et sublimis (1642), De motu impresso a motore translato (1642), and the Animadversiones (1649). This dishonest practice conceals, however, a very good grasp of Gassendi’s philosophy. Holwarda manages to integrate the many bits and pieces he steals from Gassendi’s works into a coherent and concise account of the properties and behavior of atoms and compound bodies.
这篇文章探讨了加森迪对弗朗泽克教授扬-福克斯-霍尔沃达（Jan Fokkes Holwarda，1618-1651 年）的影响，霍尔沃达是遗著《自然哲学与新物理学》（Philosophia naturalis, seu physica vetus-nova，1651 年）的作者。在书中专门论述天体物理学的部分，霍尔沃达向 "高卢猞猁皮埃尔-加森迪 "致敬，并详细论述了他的天文观测。相比之下，加森迪的名字却没有出现在普通物理学章节中，霍尔瓦达在该章节中支持原子论和新的运动科学。一些学者认为加森迪可能对霍尔瓦达的物质理论产生了影响，而另一些学者则予以否认。正如本文所述，《物理学通论》的大部分章节实际上大量剽窃了加森迪的信件《De apparente magnitudine solis humilis et sublimis》（1642 年）、《De motu impresso a motore translato》（1642 年）和《Animadversiones》（1649 年），或受其启发。然而，这种不诚实的做法掩盖了对加森迪哲学的深刻理解。霍尔瓦达成功地将他从加森迪著作中窃取的许多零碎片段整合成一个关于原子和复合体的性质和行为的连贯而简洁的论述。
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Pub Date : 2023-08-22DOI: 10.1163/24055069-08030002
Benjamin Dew
{"title":"Paul Rapin Thoyras and the art of eighteenth-century historiography, written by Miriam Franchina","authors":"Benjamin Dew","doi":"10.1163/24055069-08030002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/24055069-08030002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37173,"journal":{"name":"Erudition and the Republic of Letters","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42612856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-22DOI: 10.1163/24055069-08030001
A. Blair
{"title":"Paratexts of the English Bible, 1525-1611, written by Debora Shuger","authors":"A. Blair","doi":"10.1163/24055069-08030001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/24055069-08030001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37173,"journal":{"name":"Erudition and the Republic of Letters","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46180302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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