Pub Date : 2022-11-25DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2022.124-160
V. Dougnon, B. Legba, Bertin A. Gbaguidi, E. Agbodjento, Alidéhou Jerrold Agbankpé, D. Rocha, I. Ayi, S. Azonbakin, Aboudoulatif Diallo, I. Bonkoungou, J. Klotoé, C. Agbangla, G. Alitonou
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health problem. In the alternatives being explored for developing new antimicrobials, medicinal plants occupy an important place, particularly in Africa, where they are widely used. This review aims to analyze the potential of medicinal plants from Benin, Togo, Ghana, Burkina-Faso, and Cape Verde in the fight against AMR. A bibliographic search was conducted to explore scientific databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar. During this search, particular attention was given to epidemiological data related to AMR in these countries, medicinal plants traditionally used to treat microbial infections and medicinal plants that have been shown to be active on multidrug-resistant microbial strains. In total, 94 manuscripts were investigated. Epidemiological data showed that the problem of AMR is worsening in each target country. In addition, several medicinal plants have been demonstrated to be effective against microbial strains resistant to conventional antibiotics. A total of 532 medicinal plants were identified according to their ethnomedical uses for the treatment of microbial infections. Scientific evidence was collected on the antimicrobial potential of 91 plants. This study showed the potential of medicinal plants in the fight against AMR. Their documented traditional use, coupled with the evidence of efficacy provided, make them interesting sources for developing new antimicrobials.
{"title":"A review of some medicinal plants with the potential to defeat antimicrobial resistance: Cases of Benin, Togo, Ghana, Burkina Faso, and Cape Verde","authors":"V. Dougnon, B. Legba, Bertin A. Gbaguidi, E. Agbodjento, Alidéhou Jerrold Agbankpé, D. Rocha, I. Ayi, S. Azonbakin, Aboudoulatif Diallo, I. Bonkoungou, J. Klotoé, C. Agbangla, G. Alitonou","doi":"10.14202/ijoh.2022.124-160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/ijoh.2022.124-160","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health problem. In the alternatives being explored for developing new antimicrobials, medicinal plants occupy an important place, particularly in Africa, where they are widely used. This review aims to analyze the potential of medicinal plants from Benin, Togo, Ghana, Burkina-Faso, and Cape Verde in the fight against AMR. A bibliographic search was conducted to explore scientific databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar. During this search, particular attention was given to epidemiological data related to AMR in these countries, medicinal plants traditionally used to treat microbial infections and medicinal plants that have been shown to be active on multidrug-resistant microbial strains. In total, 94 manuscripts were investigated. Epidemiological data showed that the problem of AMR is worsening in each target country. In addition, several medicinal plants have been demonstrated to be effective against microbial strains resistant to conventional antibiotics. A total of 532 medicinal plants were identified according to their ethnomedical uses for the treatment of microbial infections. Scientific evidence was collected on the antimicrobial potential of 91 plants. This study showed the potential of medicinal plants in the fight against AMR. Their documented traditional use, coupled with the evidence of efficacy provided, make them interesting sources for developing new antimicrobials.","PeriodicalId":37300,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of One Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42991903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and Aim: Bacterial resistance to antibiotics has now become a threat to global public health. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of health actors in relation to antibiotic resistance (ABR) in two African countries. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional and descriptive questionnaire study was conducted in Ivory Coast and Togo from August 2020 to July 2021. Actors were interviewed both in person 63% (n = 141) and remotely due to COVID-19 restrictions. Qualitative variables were described by frequencies and quantitative variables by the mean and associated standard deviation. The bivariate analysis was conducted through the Chi-square test and exact Fisher test with an acceptable risk of 5%. Results: The results showed that 88% and 50% of the actors from Togo and Ivory Coast, respectively, had a good knowledge of ABR even if most of the stakeholders had limited knowledge of antibiotics that are banned or of critical importance in human and animal medicine. More than 75% of the actors had good perceptions in regard to ABR and these were significantly related to their profession. As for the factors leading to an increase in ABR, the interviewees perceived self-medication in humans as the main contributing factor. Approximately 70% of the actors admitted to following inadequate practices in terms of the use and/or distribution of antibiotics, and 58% and 46% of them used preventive antibiotic therapy in Togo and Ivory Coast, respectively. Similarly, in the two countries, 39% and 69% of the actors, respectively, claimed that they do not systematically use the antibiogram, and 69% and 61% of drug distributors, also respectively, admitted to occasionally selling antibiotics without a prescription. Finally, more than 80% thought that the authorities in their country did not communicate sufficiently about ABR. Among the actions that could help to combat ABR, actors considered the strengthening of controls on the distribution of antibiotics and the education of nonprofessionals on the importance of antibiotic preservation as priorities. Conclusion: Although this first study had some limitations, that is, the low number of surveyed actors and non-standardized questionnaire used, it revealed that health actors in Togo and Ivory Coast have a good knowledge and perception in regard to antibiotics and ABR, but also follow inadequate practices.
{"title":"First assessment of the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of health actors in Togo and Ivory Coast in regard to antibiotic resistance","authors":"A. Bedekelabou, Délé Wilfried Oyetola, Zanan Lassina Coulibaly, Olouwamouyiwa Akinsola, Rianatou Bada-Alambédji","doi":"10.14202/ijoh.2022.108-123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/ijoh.2022.108-123","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Bacterial resistance to antibiotics has now become a threat to global public health. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of health actors in relation to antibiotic resistance (ABR) in two African countries.\u0000\u0000Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional and descriptive questionnaire study was conducted in Ivory Coast and Togo from August 2020 to July 2021. Actors were interviewed both in person 63% (n = 141) and remotely due to COVID-19 restrictions. Qualitative variables were described by frequencies and quantitative variables by the mean and associated standard deviation. The bivariate analysis was conducted through the Chi-square test and exact Fisher test with an acceptable risk of 5%.\u0000\u0000Results: The results showed that 88% and 50% of the actors from Togo and Ivory Coast, respectively, had a good knowledge of ABR even if most of the stakeholders had limited knowledge of antibiotics that are banned or of critical importance in human and animal medicine. More than 75% of the actors had good perceptions in regard to ABR and these were significantly related to their profession. As for the factors leading to an increase in ABR, the interviewees perceived self-medication in humans as the main contributing factor. Approximately 70% of the actors admitted to following inadequate practices in terms of the use and/or distribution of antibiotics, and 58% and 46% of them used preventive antibiotic therapy in Togo and Ivory Coast, respectively. Similarly, in the two countries, 39% and 69% of the actors, respectively, claimed that they do not systematically use the antibiogram, and 69% and 61% of drug distributors, also respectively, admitted to occasionally selling antibiotics without a prescription. Finally, more than 80% thought that the authorities in their country did not communicate sufficiently about ABR. Among the actions that could help to combat ABR, actors considered the strengthening of controls on the distribution of antibiotics and the education of nonprofessionals on the importance of antibiotic preservation as priorities.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: Although this first study had some limitations, that is, the low number of surveyed actors and non-standardized questionnaire used, it revealed that health actors in Togo and Ivory Coast have a good knowledge and perception in regard to antibiotics and ABR, but also follow inadequate practices.","PeriodicalId":37300,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of One Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48125177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-07DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2022.101-107
Talal Hossain, Md. Abu Sayem Khan, Md. Firoz Ahmed, S. R. Rahman
Background and Aim: Salmonella spp. are frequently associated with various parts of the egg, including the shell, and cause foodborne outbreaks worldwide. Antibiotic-resistant Salmonella spp. pose serious threats to human and animal health; therefore, preventive measures against these pathogens are important. This study aimed to isolate and characterize Salmonella spp. from eggshell samples from different local markets in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: Salmonella spp. were recovered from eggshells by enrichment culture and biochemical tests and characterized through molecular amplification of Salmonella-specific genes. Antibiotic sensitivity testing and molecular detection of isolates were performed by disk diffusion method and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively. The invA, fliC, and sdfI genes were used in PCR to identify the genus Salmonella, and the species Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis, respectively. Results: The prevalence of Salmonella spp. was recorded as 40%, in which S. Typhimurium was the predominant serotype. PCR analysis revealed that 100%, 59%, and 13.6% of these isolates possessed the invA, fliC, and sdfI genes, respectively. The isolates exhibited multidrug resistance phenotypes, with resistance (95.5%) toward tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, and clindamycin and sensitivity (86.3%) toward chloramphenicol. Conclusion: The findings of this study reflect the potential of eggs as a reservoir of multidrug-resistant Salmonella spp.; therefore, we recommend the careful handling of eggs to avoid contamination from farm to market.
{"title":"Prevalence and molecular detection of multidrug-resistant Salmonella spp. isolated from eggshells in the local markets of Dhaka, Bangladesh","authors":"Talal Hossain, Md. Abu Sayem Khan, Md. Firoz Ahmed, S. R. Rahman","doi":"10.14202/ijoh.2022.101-107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/ijoh.2022.101-107","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Salmonella spp. are frequently associated with various parts of the egg, including the shell, and cause foodborne outbreaks worldwide. Antibiotic-resistant Salmonella spp. pose serious threats to human and animal health; therefore, preventive measures against these pathogens are important. This study aimed to isolate and characterize Salmonella spp. from eggshell samples from different local markets in Dhaka, Bangladesh.\u0000\u0000Materials and Methods: Salmonella spp. were recovered from eggshells by enrichment culture and biochemical tests and characterized through molecular amplification of Salmonella-specific genes. Antibiotic sensitivity testing and molecular detection of isolates were performed by disk diffusion method and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively. The invA, fliC, and sdfI genes were used in PCR to identify the genus Salmonella, and the species Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis, respectively.\u0000\u0000Results: The prevalence of Salmonella spp. was recorded as 40%, in which S. Typhimurium was the predominant serotype. PCR analysis revealed that 100%, 59%, and 13.6% of these isolates possessed the invA, fliC, and sdfI genes, respectively. The isolates exhibited multidrug resistance phenotypes, with resistance (95.5%) toward tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, and clindamycin and sensitivity (86.3%) toward chloramphenicol.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: The findings of this study reflect the potential of eggs as a reservoir of multidrug-resistant Salmonella spp.; therefore, we recommend the careful handling of eggs to avoid contamination from farm to market.","PeriodicalId":37300,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of One Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43365010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-05DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2022.86-100
Asif Shahriar, Mohd. Faijanur Rob Siddiquee, H. Ahmed, Aar Rafi Mahmud, T. Ahmed, Md. Rayhan Mahmud, M. Acharjee
Urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by uropathogens has put global public health at its utmost risk, especially in developing countries where people are unaware of personal hygiene and proper medication. In general, the infection frequently occurs in the urethra, bladder, and kidney, as reported by the physician. Moreover, many UTI patients whose acquired disorder from the hospital or health-care center has been addressed previously have been referred to as catheter-associated UTI (CAUTI). Meanwhile, the bacterial biofilm triggering UTI is another critical issue, mostly by catheter insertion. In most cases, the biofilm inhibits the action of antibiotics against the UTI-causing bacteria. Therefore, new therapeutic tools should be implemented to eliminate the widespread multidrug resistance (MDR) UTI-causing bacteria. Based on the facts, the present review emphasized the current status of CAUTI, its causative agent, clinical manifestation, and treatment complications. This review also delineated a model of phage therapy as a new therapeutic means against bacterial biofilm-originated UTI. The model illustrated the entire mechanism of destroying the extracellular plyometric substances of UTI-causing bacteria with several enzymatic actions produced by phage particles. This review will provide a complete outline of CAUTI for the general reader and create a positive vibe for the researchers to sort out alternative remedies against the CAUTI-causing MDR microbial agents.
{"title":"Catheter-associated urinary tract infections: Etiological analysis, biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance, and a novel therapeutic era of phage","authors":"Asif Shahriar, Mohd. Faijanur Rob Siddiquee, H. Ahmed, Aar Rafi Mahmud, T. Ahmed, Md. Rayhan Mahmud, M. Acharjee","doi":"10.14202/ijoh.2022.86-100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/ijoh.2022.86-100","url":null,"abstract":"Urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by uropathogens has put global public health at its utmost risk, especially in developing countries where people are unaware of personal hygiene and proper medication. In general, the infection frequently occurs in the urethra, bladder, and kidney, as reported by the physician. Moreover, many UTI patients whose acquired disorder from the hospital or health-care center has been addressed previously have been referred to as catheter-associated UTI (CAUTI). Meanwhile, the bacterial biofilm triggering UTI is another critical issue, mostly by catheter insertion. In most cases, the biofilm inhibits the action of antibiotics against the UTI-causing bacteria. Therefore, new therapeutic tools should be implemented to eliminate the widespread multidrug resistance (MDR) UTI-causing bacteria. Based on the facts, the present review emphasized the current status of CAUTI, its causative agent, clinical manifestation, and treatment complications. This review also delineated a model of phage therapy as a new therapeutic means against bacterial biofilm-originated UTI. The model illustrated the entire mechanism of destroying the extracellular plyometric substances of UTI-causing bacteria with several enzymatic actions produced by phage particles. This review will provide a complete outline of CAUTI for the general reader and create a positive vibe for the researchers to sort out alternative remedies against the CAUTI-causing MDR microbial agents.","PeriodicalId":37300,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of One Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47974789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-27DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2022.76-85
F. J. Wibisono, M. Effendi, Freshindy Marissa Wibisono
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes avian colibacillosis or colibacillosis and is a major endemic disease of poultry worldwide, including in Indonesia. It is characterized by a black proventriculus and can damage other organs, leading to pericarditis, perihepatitis, water sacculitis, mesenteritis, and omphalitis. The APEC strain is one of the six main sub-pathotypes of the extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) pathotype. The relationship between APEC and infection in humans is questionable. The previous studies have suggested poultry products, including meat and eggs, as a potential source of infection for the transmission of ExPEC disease to humans. Due to the absence of reporting of disease incidents and the lack of literature updates on this disease, it seems as if APEC does not exist in Indonesia. Since bacterial resistance is a growing problem in Indonesia, and globally, the World Health Organization issued a statement regarding the importance of assessing related factors and their control strategies. Antimicrobial resistance, especially multidrug resistance, presents a challenge when treating infectious diseases. In Indonesia, the incidence of resistance to several antimicrobials in cases of avian colibacillosis is high. In addition, avian and human extraintestinal E. coli infections present a potential zoonotic risk. Furthermore, a relationship exists between antibiotic resistance to foodborne bacteria and the occurrence of antibiotic resistance in humans, so the use of antibiotics in the poultry industry must be controlled. Therefore, the One Health strategy should be implemented to prevent the overuse or misuse of antibiotics in the poultry industry. This review aimed to increase awareness of people who are at risk of getting Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) from poultry by controlling the spread of APEC by maintaining a clean environment and hygienic personnel in poultry farms.
{"title":"Occurrence, antimicrobial resistance, and potential zoonosis risk of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in Indonesia: A review","authors":"F. J. Wibisono, M. Effendi, Freshindy Marissa Wibisono","doi":"10.14202/ijoh.2022.76-85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/ijoh.2022.76-85","url":null,"abstract":"Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes avian colibacillosis or colibacillosis and is a major endemic disease of poultry worldwide, including in Indonesia. It is characterized by a black proventriculus and can damage other organs, leading to pericarditis, perihepatitis, water sacculitis, mesenteritis, and omphalitis. The APEC strain is one of the six main sub-pathotypes of the extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) pathotype. The relationship between APEC and infection in humans is questionable. The previous studies have suggested poultry products, including meat and eggs, as a potential source of infection for the transmission of ExPEC disease to humans. Due to the absence of reporting of disease incidents and the lack of literature updates on this disease, it seems as if APEC does not exist in Indonesia. Since bacterial resistance is a growing problem in Indonesia, and globally, the World Health Organization issued a statement regarding the importance of assessing related factors and their control strategies. Antimicrobial resistance, especially multidrug resistance, presents a challenge when treating infectious diseases. In Indonesia, the incidence of resistance to several antimicrobials in cases of avian colibacillosis is high. In addition, avian and human extraintestinal E. coli infections present a potential zoonotic risk. Furthermore, a relationship exists between antibiotic resistance to foodborne bacteria and the occurrence of antibiotic resistance in humans, so the use of antibiotics in the poultry industry must be controlled. Therefore, the One Health strategy should be implemented to prevent the overuse or misuse of antibiotics in the poultry industry. This review aimed to increase awareness of people who are at risk of getting Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) from poultry by controlling the spread of APEC by maintaining a clean environment and hygienic personnel in poultry farms.","PeriodicalId":37300,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of One Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47041307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-22DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2022.70-75
W. A. Abd El-Ghany
Avian mycobacteriosis is a chronic debilitating disease of birds which poses a public health threat. In avian species, the disease is primarily caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies avium. Nearly all bird species are susceptible to this infection, with older birds being more susceptible than younger ones. Ingestion of feed and water contaminated by the excreta of infected or chronic carrier birds is the main route of Mycobacterium infection and transmission; however, the respiratory route is also possible. Migratory wild or free-living birds play an important role in mycobacteriosis transmission, and affected birds show severe depletion, emaciation, anemia, diarrhea, and respiratory manifestations. The appearance of characteristic tuberculous nodules in the digestive system, especially in the intestine, liver, and spleen, is pathognomonic. Confirmation of Mycobacterium infection can be achieved through isolation on specifically selected media, direct smear for detection of characteristic acid-fast bacilli, and detection of the bacterium using molecular diagnostic methods. Serological and allergic tests can also be applied. Different species of Mycobacterium, especially M. avium, have public health significance and can be transmitted from birds to humans. Such zoonosis is especially dangerous in human immunocompromised patients. Authorities and governments have implemented strict and comprehensive eradication programs for avian mycobacteriosis. These biosecurity measures, including surveillance monitoring programs and antimicrobial susceptibility testing, are essential for the prevention and treatment of Mycobacterium infection in poultry production systems. This review was designed to focus on avian mycobacteriosis in birds and humans.
{"title":"A review of avian mycobacteriosis: An emerging bacterial disease of public health concern","authors":"W. A. Abd El-Ghany","doi":"10.14202/ijoh.2022.70-75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/ijoh.2022.70-75","url":null,"abstract":"Avian mycobacteriosis is a chronic debilitating disease of birds which poses a public health threat. In avian species, the disease is primarily caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies avium. Nearly all bird species are susceptible to this infection, with older birds being more susceptible than younger ones. Ingestion of feed and water contaminated by the excreta of infected or chronic carrier birds is the main route of Mycobacterium infection and transmission; however, the respiratory route is also possible. Migratory wild or free-living birds play an important role in mycobacteriosis transmission, and affected birds show severe depletion, emaciation, anemia, diarrhea, and respiratory manifestations. The appearance of characteristic tuberculous nodules in the digestive system, especially in the intestine, liver, and spleen, is pathognomonic. Confirmation of Mycobacterium infection can be achieved through isolation on specifically selected media, direct smear for detection of characteristic acid-fast bacilli, and detection of the bacterium using molecular diagnostic methods. Serological and allergic tests can also be applied. Different species of Mycobacterium, especially M. avium, have public health significance and can be transmitted from birds to humans. Such zoonosis is especially dangerous in human immunocompromised patients. Authorities and governments have implemented strict and comprehensive eradication programs for avian mycobacteriosis. These biosecurity measures, including surveillance monitoring programs and antimicrobial susceptibility testing, are essential for the prevention and treatment of Mycobacterium infection in poultry production systems. This review was designed to focus on avian mycobacteriosis in birds and humans.","PeriodicalId":37300,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of One Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48474601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-23DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2022.58-69
R. A. Al-Naggar, H. Alshaikhli, R. Al-Rashidi, S. Murtagh
Background and Aim: The development of a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine is ongoing. This study aimed to prepare for public acceptance of the vaccine. There is a need to identify the current acceptance and potential barriers to receiving a COVID-19 vaccine in Yemen. Understanding the hesitancy and acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine are crucial to develop local evidence-based interventions. Materials and Methods: Twenty students were interviewed in this study. An interview guide was developed and it addressed the willingness to accept a future COVID-19 vaccine. In-depth interviews were conducted, transcribed, and manually analyzed. Results: The majority of participants agreed that they would take a COVID-19 vaccine for several reasons, including protection for themselves, their families, and others and to stop the spread of COVID-19, for which the vaccine is important, as in other routine vaccinations. However, some participants shared that they would not take the COVID-19 vaccine due to the following reasons: Concerns regarding the safety of the vaccine; feeling fit and healthy, and thus considering themselves to have strong immunity; feeling that the vaccine was manufactured in a rushed manner and thus it would require approval by the World Health Organization; being previously infected with COVID-19 and considering themselves protected, and placing their trust in God and believing no vaccine was needed. Conclusion: The willingness to receive a future COVID-19 vaccine was high among medical students. However, some students hesitated to take the vaccine. Therefore, mass media interventions are required to maximize vaccine uptake.
{"title":"COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Sana'a, Yemen","authors":"R. A. Al-Naggar, H. Alshaikhli, R. Al-Rashidi, S. Murtagh","doi":"10.14202/ijoh.2022.58-69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/ijoh.2022.58-69","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: The development of a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine is ongoing. This study aimed to prepare for public acceptance of the vaccine. There is a need to identify the current acceptance and potential barriers to receiving a COVID-19 vaccine in Yemen. Understanding the hesitancy and acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine are crucial to develop local evidence-based interventions.\u0000\u0000Materials and Methods: Twenty students were interviewed in this study. An interview guide was developed and it addressed the willingness to accept a future COVID-19 vaccine. In-depth interviews were conducted, transcribed, and manually analyzed.\u0000\u0000Results: The majority of participants agreed that they would take a COVID-19 vaccine for several reasons, including protection for themselves, their families, and others and to stop the spread of COVID-19, for which the vaccine is important, as in other routine vaccinations. However, some participants shared that they would not take the COVID-19 vaccine due to the following reasons: Concerns regarding the safety of the vaccine; feeling fit and healthy, and thus considering themselves to have strong immunity; feeling that the vaccine was manufactured in a rushed manner and thus it would require approval by the World Health Organization; being previously infected with COVID-19 and considering themselves protected, and placing their trust in God and believing no vaccine was needed.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: The willingness to receive a future COVID-19 vaccine was high among medical students. However, some students hesitated to take the vaccine. Therefore, mass media interventions are required to maximize vaccine uptake.","PeriodicalId":37300,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of One Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46597249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-23DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2022.48-57
Khawla K. Bukha, Ehab A. Sharif, I. Eldaghayes
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a global health threat. This virus is the causative agent for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Pandemic prevention is best addressed through an integrated One Health (OH) approach. Understanding zoonotic pathogen fatality and spillover from wildlife to humans are effective for controlling and preventing zoonotic outbreaks. The OH concept depends on the interface of humans, animals, and their environment. Collaboration among veterinary medicine, public health workers and clinicians, and veterinary public health is necessary for rapid response to emerging zoonotic pathogens. SARS-CoV-2 affects aquatic environments, primarily through untreated sewage. Patients with COVID-19 discharge the virus in urine and feces into residential wastewater. Thus, marine organisms may be infected with SARS-CoV-2 by the subsequent discharge of partially treated or untreated wastewater to marine waters. Viral loads can be monitored in sewage and surface waters. Furthermore, shellfish are vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Filter-feeding organisms might be monitored to protect consumers. Finally, the stability of SARS-CoV-2 to various environmental factors aids in viral studies. This article highlights the presence and survival of SARS-CoV-2 in the marine environment and its potential to enter marine ecosystems through wastewater. Furthermore, the OH approach is discussed for improving readiness for successive outbreaks. This review analyzes information from public health and epidemiological monitoring tools to control COVID-19 transmission.
{"title":"The One Health concept for the threat of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 to marine ecosystems","authors":"Khawla K. Bukha, Ehab A. Sharif, I. Eldaghayes","doi":"10.14202/ijoh.2022.48-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/ijoh.2022.48-57","url":null,"abstract":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a global health threat. This virus is the causative agent for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Pandemic prevention is best addressed through an integrated One Health (OH) approach. Understanding zoonotic pathogen fatality and spillover from wildlife to humans are effective for controlling and preventing zoonotic outbreaks. The OH concept depends on the interface of humans, animals, and their environment. Collaboration among veterinary medicine, public health workers and clinicians, and veterinary public health is necessary for rapid response to emerging zoonotic pathogens. SARS-CoV-2 affects aquatic environments, primarily through untreated sewage. Patients with COVID-19 discharge the virus in urine and feces into residential wastewater. Thus, marine organisms may be infected with SARS-CoV-2 by the subsequent discharge of partially treated or untreated wastewater to marine waters. Viral loads can be monitored in sewage and surface waters. Furthermore, shellfish are vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Filter-feeding organisms might be monitored to protect consumers. Finally, the stability of SARS-CoV-2 to various environmental factors aids in viral studies. This article highlights the presence and survival of SARS-CoV-2 in the marine environment and its potential to enter marine ecosystems through wastewater. Furthermore, the OH approach is discussed for improving readiness for successive outbreaks. This review analyzes information from public health and epidemiological monitoring tools to control COVID-19 transmission.","PeriodicalId":37300,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of One Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44633147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-21DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2022.43-47
Mohammad Aman Ahmadzai, Qiamudin Shinwari, Agharid A. Al-Rasheed, B. Garba
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) constitutes a serious impediment to the attainment of the World Health Organization's Sustainable Development Goals, which seek to ensure and promote healthy living among humans and animals. Studies have identified the vulnerability of conflict-affected populations to exposure to antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. Resource-limited countries like Afghanistan have suffered for long periods from armed conflicts, and this situation is exacerbated by the already poor or dilapidated healthcare delivery services. The country has suffered human and economic losses due to antimicrobial-resistant bacterial infections driven by the prolonged war, as well as a limited number of antimicrobials and frequent under dosage. Most reports point to the overuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics as the main reason for building up resistant strains. There is a need for more efforts toward identifying the major contributors and enlightening the public on the importance of AMR. This review aimed to provide a critical appraisal regarding the current situation of AMR in Afghanistan.
{"title":"Armed conflict and the proliferation of antimicrobial resistance: The situation in war-ravaged Afghanistan","authors":"Mohammad Aman Ahmadzai, Qiamudin Shinwari, Agharid A. Al-Rasheed, B. Garba","doi":"10.14202/ijoh.2022.43-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/ijoh.2022.43-47","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) constitutes a serious impediment to the attainment of the World Health Organization's Sustainable Development Goals, which seek to ensure and promote healthy living among humans and animals. Studies have identified the vulnerability of conflict-affected populations to exposure to antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. Resource-limited countries like Afghanistan have suffered for long periods from armed conflicts, and this situation is exacerbated by the already poor or dilapidated healthcare delivery services. The country has suffered human and economic losses due to antimicrobial-resistant bacterial infections driven by the prolonged war, as well as a limited number of antimicrobials and frequent under dosage. Most reports point to the overuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics as the main reason for building up resistant strains. There is a need for more efforts toward identifying the major contributors and enlightening the public on the importance of AMR. This review aimed to provide a critical appraisal regarding the current situation of AMR in Afghanistan.","PeriodicalId":37300,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of One Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46873372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-21DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2022.34-42
D. Subedi, Anil Gautam, D. Sapkota, Sanju Subedi, Shreeya Sharma, M. Abdulkareem, Milan Kandel, Harischandra Ghimire, I. A. Odetokun
Background and Aim: One Health (OH) is a collaborative, multisectoral, and holistic approach for the prevention and control of emerging and re-emerging zoonotic diseases affecting animals and humans. In Nepal, the OH concept remains rudimentary. However, the recently formed "One Health Strategy" is a ray of hope. Veterinary students are the future of animal health, a major component of OH. This study aimed to determine the knowledge and perception of Nepalese veterinary students toward OH. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among veterinary students in all four veterinary colleges in Nepal to obtain knowledge on OH and zoonotic disease and understand the perception of the benefits of OH obtained using an online survey tool through a convenience sampling technique. Data collected were subjected to descriptive statistics, Chi-Square test, and logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 333 participants, including recent graduates (mean age: 22.3±2.2 years) participated in this study. The mean knowledge score was 19.8±3.8 and about half of the respondents, 185 (55.6%) demonstrated satisfactory scores on OH. Most of the respondents have a positive perception of the benefits of OH as participants largely agreed that the OH approach needs to become a regular, routine, and institutionalized process at the project, program, and policy levels; is useful in addressing complex challenges that threaten human and animal health, food security, poverty, and the environments where diseases flourish; and it creates added value in terms of human and animal health, financial savings or social and environmental benefits from closer professional cooperation. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that age, educational, and academic levels were significant factors influencing satisfactory knowledge on OH among respondents. Conclusion: Nepalese veterinary students demonstrated satisfactory knowledge of OH and a good level of perception of the benefits of OH. An apprehensive understanding of the current status of the OH approach in Nepal through studies like this is crucial for the future improvement of public and animal health.
{"title":"Knowledge and perception of veterinary students on One Health: A first nationwide multi-institutional survey in Nepal","authors":"D. Subedi, Anil Gautam, D. Sapkota, Sanju Subedi, Shreeya Sharma, M. Abdulkareem, Milan Kandel, Harischandra Ghimire, I. A. Odetokun","doi":"10.14202/ijoh.2022.34-42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/ijoh.2022.34-42","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: One Health (OH) is a collaborative, multisectoral, and holistic approach for the prevention and control of emerging and re-emerging zoonotic diseases affecting animals and humans. In Nepal, the OH concept remains rudimentary. However, the recently formed \"One Health Strategy\" is a ray of hope. Veterinary students are the future of animal health, a major component of OH. This study aimed to determine the knowledge and perception of Nepalese veterinary students toward OH.\u0000\u0000Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among veterinary students in all four veterinary colleges in Nepal to obtain knowledge on OH and zoonotic disease and understand the perception of the benefits of OH obtained using an online survey tool through a convenience sampling technique. Data collected were subjected to descriptive statistics, Chi-Square test, and logistic regression analysis.\u0000\u0000Results: A total of 333 participants, including recent graduates (mean age: 22.3±2.2 years) participated in this study. The mean knowledge score was 19.8±3.8 and about half of the respondents, 185 (55.6%) demonstrated satisfactory scores on OH. Most of the respondents have a positive perception of the benefits of OH as participants largely agreed that the OH approach needs to become a regular, routine, and institutionalized process at the project, program, and policy levels; is useful in addressing complex challenges that threaten human and animal health, food security, poverty, and the environments where diseases flourish; and it creates added value in terms of human and animal health, financial savings or social and environmental benefits from closer professional cooperation. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that age, educational, and academic levels were significant factors influencing satisfactory knowledge on OH among respondents.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: Nepalese veterinary students demonstrated satisfactory knowledge of OH and a good level of perception of the benefits of OH. An apprehensive understanding of the current status of the OH approach in Nepal through studies like this is crucial for the future improvement of public and animal health.","PeriodicalId":37300,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of One Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45316811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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