Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2024.63-73
S. I. BARRAZA-GUERRERO, C. García-De la Peña, C. Meza-Herrera, Q. Siller-Rodríguez, F. Vaca-Paniagua, C. Díaz-Velásquez, A. D. L. Cruz-Montoya, L. M. Valenzuela-Núñez
Background and Aim: Dogs are long-lasting companion animals, and ticks are the most common external parasites in dogs. An increase in the population of neglected domestic dogs has increased the risk of contact with ticks, especially in places where tick-borne diseases (TBDs) are endemic. We aimed to characterize the bacterial blood profiles of people who were either exposed (HE) or not exposed (HC) to tick bites using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Materials and Methods: In the present study, the bacteria observed in the blood of people exposed to tick bites were compared with those in the blood of people not exposed to tick bites in Northern Mexico. Human blood samples (n = 12) were analyzed, DNA was extracted, and the V3–V4 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene was amplified. In addition, NGS was performed on a MiSeq platform (Illumina), and the data were analyzed through Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology. Results: Differences in beta diversity were significant. In HEs, several potentially pathogenic bacterial taxa were found to be the most abundant: Kocuria ( x = 14.59%), Staphylococcus ( x = 3.05%), and Treponema ( x = 2.93%), in addition to Chlamydia, Clostridium, and Ehrlichia, which are considered TBDs. Conclusion: This study identified important differences in the bacterial composition of the HE and HC groups. In addition to Ehrlichia (a TBD considered a taxon), other bacterial pathogenic taxa, such as Chlamydia, Clostridium, Kocuria, Staphylococcus, and Treponema, were also observed in the tick bite-exposed group. Future studies with larger sample sizes should provide an improved understanding of the human blood microbiome profile by providing additional evidence of tick exposure, associated TBDs, and other pathogenic bacterial taxa. Keywords: Blood, Ehrlichia, microbiome, tick bites, tick-borne diseases, ticks.
背景和目的：狗是长寿的伴侣动物，而蜱虫是狗最常见的体外寄生虫。被忽视的家犬数量的增加增加了与蜱虫接触的风险，尤其是在蜱传疾病（TBDs）流行的地方。我们的目的是利用新一代测序技术（NGS）分析暴露于蜱虫叮咬（HE）或未暴露于蜱虫叮咬（HC）的人群的细菌血液特征：在本研究中，对墨西哥北部被蜱虫叮咬者血液中的细菌与未被蜱虫叮咬者血液中的细菌进行了比较。对人体血液样本（n = 12）进行分析，提取 DNA 并扩增 16S 核糖体 RNA 基因的 V3-V4 区域。此外，还在 MiSeq 平台（Illumina）上进行了 NGS，并通过微生物生态学定量洞察对数据进行了分析：结果：贝塔多样性差异显著。在 HE 中，几个潜在致病细菌类群的数量最多：除了衣原体、梭状芽孢杆菌和埃希氏菌（被认为是 TBDs）之外，Kocuria ( x = 14.59%)、Staphylococcus ( x = 3.05%)和 Treponema ( x = 2.93%)也是如此：本研究发现了 HE 组和 HC 组细菌组成的重要差异。除埃希氏菌（TBD类群）外，在被蜱叮咬组中还观察到其他细菌致病类群，如衣原体、梭菌、球菌、葡萄球菌和特雷波纳菌。未来样本量更大的研究应能提供更多关于蜱暴露、相关TBDs和其他致病细菌类群的证据，从而加深对人类血液微生物组概况的了解：血液 埃里希氏菌 微生物组 蜱叮咬 蜱传疾病 蜱
{"title":"Understanding the long-lasting associations among humans, neglected dogs, tick-borne diseases, and core blood bacteria-related pathogenic taxa using next-generation sequencing","authors":"S. I. BARRAZA-GUERRERO, C. García-De la Peña, C. Meza-Herrera, Q. Siller-Rodríguez, F. Vaca-Paniagua, C. Díaz-Velásquez, A. D. L. Cruz-Montoya, L. M. Valenzuela-Núñez","doi":"10.14202/ijoh.2024.63-73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/ijoh.2024.63-73","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Dogs are long-lasting companion animals, and ticks are the most common external parasites in dogs. An increase in the population of neglected domestic dogs has increased the risk of contact with ticks, especially in places where tick-borne diseases (TBDs) are endemic. We aimed to characterize the bacterial blood profiles of people who were either exposed (HE) or not exposed (HC) to tick bites using next-generation sequencing (NGS).\u0000\u0000Materials and Methods: In the present study, the bacteria observed in the blood of people exposed to tick bites were compared with those in the blood of people not exposed to tick bites in Northern Mexico. Human blood samples (n = 12) were analyzed, DNA was extracted, and the V3–V4 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene was amplified. In addition, NGS was performed on a MiSeq platform (Illumina), and the data were analyzed through Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology.\u0000\u0000Results: Differences in beta diversity were significant. In HEs, several potentially pathogenic bacterial taxa were found to be the most abundant: Kocuria ( x = 14.59%), Staphylococcus ( x = 3.05%), and Treponema ( x = 2.93%), in addition to Chlamydia, Clostridium, and Ehrlichia, which are considered TBDs.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: This study identified important differences in the bacterial composition of the HE and HC groups. In addition to Ehrlichia (a TBD considered a taxon), other bacterial pathogenic taxa, such as Chlamydia, Clostridium, Kocuria, Staphylococcus, and Treponema, were also observed in the tick bite-exposed group. Future studies with larger sample sizes should provide an improved understanding of the human blood microbiome profile by providing additional evidence of tick exposure, associated TBDs, and other pathogenic bacterial taxa.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Blood, Ehrlichia, microbiome, tick bites, tick-borne diseases, ticks.","PeriodicalId":37300,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of One Health","volume":"49 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140465968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2024.45-55
A. Khairullah, S. Kurniawan, M. Effendi, A. Widodo, Abdullah Hasib, Otto Sahat Martua Silaen, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, S. M. Yanestria, Maria Aega Gelolodo, D. A. Kurniawati, S. Ramandinianto, Daniah Ashri Afnani, K. H. P. Riwu, E. N. Ugbo
Anthrax is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by Bacillus anthracis. According to current knowledge, the disease originates in sub-Saharan Africa, especially Egypt and Mesopotamia. Laboratory tests involving direct staining or culture of samples taken from malignant pustules, sputum, blood, or patient discharge must be performed to establish a diagnosis. B. anthracis infection can enter the body through the skin, mouth, or nose. Human infection is usually caused by contact with infected animals or animal products. Anthrax causes a reduction in resource efficiency and decreases livestock productivity. B. anthracis spores are resistant to extreme temperatures, pressure, pH, drying, solvents, and ultraviolet light. The biological weapon of this disease may be fatal if it is designed to spread B. anthracis spores by aerosols. In the past, the treatment of human anthrax with penicillin at a high dose was the preferred method. The public can take several measures to prevent anthrax infection, such as purchasing and consuming meat that has been legally certified to have been slaughtered in a slaughterhouse, consuming healthy and properly cooked animal meat, and washing hands with antiseptic soap after handling, processing, and cooking animal products. This review aimed to describe the etiology, pathogenesis, mechanism of infection, epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical symptoms, transmission, risk factors, public health importance, economic impact, potential as a bio-warfare agent, treatment, and control of anthrax. Keywords: animal health, anthrax, human health, infectious disease.
{"title":"Anthrax disease burden: Impact on animal and human health","authors":"A. Khairullah, S. Kurniawan, M. Effendi, A. Widodo, Abdullah Hasib, Otto Sahat Martua Silaen, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, S. M. Yanestria, Maria Aega Gelolodo, D. A. Kurniawati, S. Ramandinianto, Daniah Ashri Afnani, K. H. P. Riwu, E. N. Ugbo","doi":"10.14202/ijoh.2024.45-55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/ijoh.2024.45-55","url":null,"abstract":"Anthrax is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by Bacillus anthracis. According to current knowledge, the disease originates in sub-Saharan Africa, especially Egypt and Mesopotamia. Laboratory tests involving direct staining or culture of samples taken from malignant pustules, sputum, blood, or patient discharge must be performed to establish a diagnosis. B. anthracis infection can enter the body through the skin, mouth, or nose. Human infection is usually caused by contact with infected animals or animal products. Anthrax causes a reduction in resource efficiency and decreases livestock productivity. B. anthracis spores are resistant to extreme temperatures, pressure, pH, drying, solvents, and ultraviolet light. The biological weapon of this disease may be fatal if it is designed to spread B. anthracis spores by aerosols. In the past, the treatment of human anthrax with penicillin at a high dose was the preferred method. The public can take several measures to prevent anthrax infection, such as purchasing and consuming meat that has been legally certified to have been slaughtered in a slaughterhouse, consuming healthy and properly cooked animal meat, and washing hands with antiseptic soap after handling, processing, and cooking animal products. This review aimed to describe the etiology, pathogenesis, mechanism of infection, epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical symptoms, transmission, risk factors, public health importance, economic impact, potential as a bio-warfare agent, treatment, and control of anthrax.\u0000\u0000Keywords: animal health, anthrax, human health, infectious disease.","PeriodicalId":37300,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of One Health","volume":"21 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139965890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2024.56-62
Amadou Dit Baba Traoré, M. Savadogo, Nicolas Djighnoum Diouf, Z. Tarnagda, R. Alambedji
Background and Aim: Human dog-transmitted rabies remains a serious public health issue in Mali despite efforts to mitigate it. Indeed, several stakeholders have implemented multiple initiatives for years. However, there is still a lack of cooperation among stakeholders. This study was conducted to capture situational data on rabies and One Health practices among key actors involved in the fight against rabies in Mali. Materials and Methods: Data from veterinary and medical services were collected for analysis. Data collection was based on a review of technical documents (epidemiology of rabies in animals and humans and activities conducted to tackle the disease) and stakeholder interviews (awareness of rabies and the One Health approach). Results: With regard to the epidemiological situation, the findings revealed unsatisfactory vaccination coverage in dogs and low suspected sample collection for laboratory diagnosis. In addition, only half of the exposed individuals received complete post-exposure prophylaxis. A survey carried out by experts in the fields of animal health, human health, and the environment indicated that only 22.47% were well aware of rabies and had never heard of the One Health approach. Overall, there was no significant association between knowledge and participant sector of origin (p > 0.05), highlighting the need for operationalization of the One Health approach in Mali. Conclusion: Therefore, an integrated national action plan for rabies control should be developed with a particular focus on capacity building, particularly in the area of the One Health core competencies. Keywords: epidemiology, multisectoral engagement, One Health, Public Health priority zoonoses, Stakeholders.
{"title":"Human dog-mediated rabies in the Circle of Kati, Mali: An epidemiological situation analysis and the stakeholder’s knowledge regarding rabies and the One Health approach","authors":"Amadou Dit Baba Traoré, M. Savadogo, Nicolas Djighnoum Diouf, Z. Tarnagda, R. Alambedji","doi":"10.14202/ijoh.2024.56-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/ijoh.2024.56-62","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Human dog-transmitted rabies remains a serious public health issue in Mali despite efforts to mitigate it. Indeed, several stakeholders have implemented multiple initiatives for years. However, there is still a lack of cooperation among stakeholders. This study was conducted to capture situational data on rabies and One Health practices among key actors involved in the fight against rabies in Mali.\u0000\u0000Materials and Methods: Data from veterinary and medical services were collected for analysis. Data collection was based on a review of technical documents (epidemiology of rabies in animals and humans and activities conducted to tackle the disease) and stakeholder interviews (awareness of rabies and the One Health approach).\u0000\u0000Results: With regard to the epidemiological situation, the findings revealed unsatisfactory vaccination coverage in dogs and low suspected sample collection for laboratory diagnosis. In addition, only half of the exposed individuals received complete post-exposure prophylaxis. A survey carried out by experts in the fields of animal health, human health, and the environment indicated that only 22.47% were well aware of rabies and had never heard of the One Health approach. Overall, there was no significant association between knowledge and participant sector of origin (p > 0.05), highlighting the need for operationalization of the One Health approach in Mali.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: Therefore, an integrated national action plan for rabies control should be developed with a particular focus on capacity building, particularly in the area of the One Health core competencies.\u0000\u0000Keywords: epidemiology, multisectoral engagement, One Health, Public Health priority zoonoses, Stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":37300,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of One Health","volume":"93 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139966446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2024.74-81
Sandul Yasobant, Shailee Patil, P. Bhavsar, Deepak Saxena
Background and Aim: The threat of emerging and epidemic-prone diseases is a significant public health concern and there is an urgent need to work on the prevention and control of these diseases. In view of the limited time and other resources available to the animal and human health sector, it is crucial to prioritize the most essential and critical risk factors and diseases. This scoping review aims to document the available disease and risk prioritization tools by evaluating their characteristics and suitability from the One Health perspective. Materials and Methods: Databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were used to extract available tools for prioritization. We compared and synthesized the objective of the tool, methodology and prioritization process of the available tools. Results: A total of six tools, including One Health Zoonotic Disease Prioritization, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Strategic Toolkit for Assessing Risks, One Health Systems Mapping and Analysis Resource Toolkit, Health Hazard Assessment and Prioritization tool, Risk Ranger, are included in this scoping review. Various prioritization methods are available; however, multi-criteria decision analysis is the most commonly used. Conclusion: A thorough analysis showed that different tools employ different prioritizing approaches, including mixed-method, quantitative, and qualitative approaches. The summary of the findings suggests the development of a new robust tool with a One Health approach, which will focus on risk prioritization and disease prioritization. Keywords: disease prioritization, prioritization in public health, prioritization tool, risk prioritization.
{"title":"Risk Prioritization tools for emerging and epidemic-prone diseases: A One Health scoping review","authors":"Sandul Yasobant, Shailee Patil, P. Bhavsar, Deepak Saxena","doi":"10.14202/ijoh.2024.74-81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/ijoh.2024.74-81","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: The threat of emerging and epidemic-prone diseases is a significant public health concern and there is an urgent need to work on the prevention and control of these diseases. In view of the limited time and other resources available to the animal and human health sector, it is crucial to prioritize the most essential and critical risk factors and diseases. This scoping review aims to document the available disease and risk prioritization tools by evaluating their characteristics and suitability from the One Health perspective.\u0000\u0000Materials and Methods: Databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were used to extract available tools for prioritization. We compared and synthesized the objective of the tool, methodology and prioritization process of the available tools.\u0000\u0000Results: A total of six tools, including One Health Zoonotic Disease Prioritization, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Strategic Toolkit for Assessing Risks, One Health Systems Mapping and Analysis Resource Toolkit, Health Hazard Assessment and Prioritization tool, Risk Ranger, are included in this scoping review. Various prioritization methods are available; however, multi-criteria decision analysis is the most commonly used.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: A thorough analysis showed that different tools employ different prioritizing approaches, including mixed-method, quantitative, and qualitative approaches. The summary of the findings suggests the development of a new robust tool with a One Health approach, which will focus on risk prioritization and disease prioritization.\u0000\u0000Keywords: disease prioritization, prioritization in public health, prioritization tool, risk prioritization.","PeriodicalId":37300,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of One Health","volume":"126 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140463665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2024.38-44
Mulya Fitranda, S. I. O. Salasia, Osman Sianipar, U. Sukorini, Fatkhanuddin Aziz, Madarina Wasissa, F. B. Lestari, R. Khair, A. Dahesihdewi
Background and Aim: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been known as a highly pathogenic bacteria in animals and humans, which is still becoming a global health issue. The prevalence of MRSA infection continues to increase worldwide and has become a global concern as a dangerous zoonotic disease. The World Health Organization estimates that by 2050 MRSA will be the leading cause of death. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of MRSA in S. aureus isolates of veterinary and human origin in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: A total of 42 cases of S. aureus infection were examined in this study, consisting of nine isolates from cattle, five from goat, and 28 from human. All isolates were confirmed as S. aureus based on bacterial culture and detection of 23S rRNA and thermonuclease nuc gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Among 42 isolates, 35 isolates (83.3%) were identified as MRSA by PCR positive of mecA gene encoding methicillin resistance. Most MRSA strains were found in human isolates (100%), followed by cattle isolates (55.5%) and goats (40%). All MRSA strains were also multi-resistant to penicillin (blaZ gene) and tetracycline (tetK, and tetM genes) with a prevalence of about 98%. Conclusion: MRSA prevalence in humans and animals has increased significantly in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, compared to the previous study. The antimicrobial resistance pattern of MRSA animal isolates tends to be similar to humans and, thus, raises public health concerns about MRSA zoonotic spread. Keywords: animal, antimicrobial resistance, human, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus aureus.
{"title":"Distribution of antimicrobial resistance genes of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from animals and humans in Yogyakarta Indonesia","authors":"Mulya Fitranda, S. I. O. Salasia, Osman Sianipar, U. Sukorini, Fatkhanuddin Aziz, Madarina Wasissa, F. B. Lestari, R. Khair, A. Dahesihdewi","doi":"10.14202/ijoh.2024.38-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/ijoh.2024.38-44","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been known as a highly pathogenic bacteria in animals and humans, which is still becoming a global health issue. The prevalence of MRSA infection continues to increase worldwide and has become a global concern as a dangerous zoonotic disease. The World Health Organization estimates that by 2050 MRSA will be the leading cause of death. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of MRSA in S. aureus isolates of veterinary and human origin in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.\u0000\u0000Materials and Methods: A total of 42 cases of S. aureus infection were examined in this study, consisting of nine isolates from cattle, five from goat, and 28 from human. All isolates were confirmed as S. aureus based on bacterial culture and detection of 23S rRNA and thermonuclease nuc gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).\u0000\u0000Results: Among 42 isolates, 35 isolates (83.3%) were identified as MRSA by PCR positive of mecA gene encoding methicillin resistance. Most MRSA strains were found in human isolates (100%), followed by cattle isolates (55.5%) and goats (40%). All MRSA strains were also multi-resistant to penicillin (blaZ gene) and tetracycline (tetK, and tetM genes) with a prevalence of about 98%.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: MRSA prevalence in humans and animals has increased significantly in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, compared to the previous study. The antimicrobial resistance pattern of MRSA animal isolates tends to be similar to humans and, thus, raises public health concerns about MRSA zoonotic spread.\u0000\u0000Keywords: animal, antimicrobial resistance, human, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus aureus.","PeriodicalId":37300,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of One Health","volume":"32 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139965838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2024.20-25
E. Egwu, C. Iroha, I. Moses, F. A. Ibiam, I. Orji, F. N. Okafor-Alu, C. O. Eze, I. Iroha
Background and Aim: Farm animals, including cattle, have been implicated as antimicrobial-resistant bacterial pathogen reservoirs. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial resistance profiles and genetic characteristics of cattle colonized by fluoroquinolone-resistant and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli in Ebonyi state, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: We randomly collected 100 fresh fecal samples from 100 cattle in major abattoirs and analyzed the samples using standard microbiological methods. Isolates were further characterized by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using 16S rRNA sequence primers. Phenotypic detection of ESBL production was performed using the double disk synergy test. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli were determined using the disk diffusion method, whereas molecular characterization of ESBL- and fluoroquinolone-resistant genes was performed by PCR using specific primers. Results: A total of 20 (20%) ESBL-producing E. coli were isolated from 100 animal fecal samples. Isolates were generally multidrug-resistant (MDR) with a resistance rate of 100% to 45% to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, amoxicillin, cephalosporins, and ciprofloxacin. The average multiple antibiotic resistance index values of the isolates ranged from 0.5 to 0.8. BlaTEM (75%), followed by blaCTX-M (20%) and blaSHV (5.0%) was the most predominant ESBL gene among the isolates. The Aac-lb-6-cr fluoroquinolone-resistant gene was harbored by 90% of the isolates, whereas Qnr was absent. Conclusion: This study showed a high frequency of MDR ESBL-producing E. coli harboring ESBL and fluoroquinolone-resistant genes in fecal samples of cattle with serious public health consequences if not adequately addressed. Keywords: Escherichia coli, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes, fluoroquinolone resistance genes, cattle, multidrug-resistance.
{"title":"Antibiotypes and genetic characteristics of fluoroquinolone- and beta-lactam-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from food-producing animals","authors":"E. Egwu, C. Iroha, I. Moses, F. A. Ibiam, I. Orji, F. N. Okafor-Alu, C. O. Eze, I. Iroha","doi":"10.14202/ijoh.2024.20-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/ijoh.2024.20-25","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Farm animals, including cattle, have been implicated as antimicrobial-resistant bacterial pathogen reservoirs. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial resistance profiles and genetic characteristics of cattle colonized by fluoroquinolone-resistant and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli in Ebonyi state, Nigeria.\u0000\u0000Materials and Methods: We randomly collected 100 fresh fecal samples from 100 cattle in major abattoirs and analyzed the samples using standard microbiological methods. Isolates were further characterized by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using 16S rRNA sequence primers. Phenotypic detection of ESBL production was performed using the double disk synergy test. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli were determined using the disk diffusion method, whereas molecular characterization of ESBL- and fluoroquinolone-resistant genes was performed by PCR using specific primers.\u0000\u0000Results: A total of 20 (20%) ESBL-producing E. coli were isolated from 100 animal fecal samples. Isolates were generally multidrug-resistant (MDR) with a resistance rate of 100% to 45% to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, amoxicillin, cephalosporins, and ciprofloxacin. The average multiple antibiotic resistance index values of the isolates ranged from 0.5 to 0.8. BlaTEM (75%), followed by blaCTX-M (20%) and blaSHV (5.0%) was the most predominant ESBL gene among the isolates. The Aac-lb-6-cr fluoroquinolone-resistant gene was harbored by 90% of the isolates, whereas Qnr was absent.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: This study showed a high frequency of MDR ESBL-producing E. coli harboring ESBL and fluoroquinolone-resistant genes in fecal samples of cattle with serious public health consequences if not adequately addressed.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Escherichia coli, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes, fluoroquinolone resistance genes, cattle, multidrug-resistance.","PeriodicalId":37300,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of One Health","volume":"129 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139537794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"International Journal of One Health reviewer acknowledgment 2023","authors":"A. V. Sherasiya, Riyaz Riyaz","doi":"10.14202/ijoh.2024.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/ijoh.2024.37","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37300,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of One Health","volume":"47 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139633857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2024.26-36
Valentina Thobias Sanga, E. Karimuribo, A. S. Hoza
Background and Aim: One Health (OH) approach is crucial for the effective management of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases and other public health threats. A meta-analysis was conducted to explore the benefits and challenges encountered in the practical implementation of multisectoral coordination in the fight against public health threats and to identify similarities between countries in the practical implementation of multisectoral coordination and cooperation across sectors in OH. Materials and Methods: To identify relevant studies published globally between 2010 and 2023, a literature search was conducted online using Google Scholar and PubMed search engines. Inclusion criteria were adopted based on key search terms “One Health,” “multisectoral coordination,” “One Health framework,” and related terms “multisectoral collaboration” and “multidisciplinary.” Unpublished manuscripts, dissertations, and conference reports were excluded from the review. A total of 307 articles were retrieved. Titles, abstracts, and keywords were screened for inclusion criteria. We extracted and analyzed 46 full-text articles published in English. Unpublished manuscripts, dissertations, and conference reports were excluded from the study. Results: This study found that most countries have similar challenges that hamper the coordination of OH activities implementation. Of the 46 articles reviewed, 69.6% (n = 32) focused on the benefits of adopting the OH approach and 73.9% (n = 34) focused on multisectoral coordination and collaboration among sectors. In addition, 58.7% (n = 27) of the articles indicated that governments need to invest more resources in OH implementation, and 50% (n = 23) proposed that policies, guidelines, and plans should be integrated to facilitate multisectoral coordination and collaboration. In addition to inadequate coordination and funding, other reported challenges were limited knowledge (34.8%) (n = 16) and inadequate resources (32.6%) (n = 15). In addition, 21.7% (n = 10) highlighted different sectoral priorities and interests as obstacles to effective coordination in the implementation of OH activities. Conclusion: Multisectoral coordination plays a key role in the effective management of public health threats through OH. The creation of mechanisms for regular communication, the promotion of mutual trust, and the strengthening of relations between sectors will enhance cooperation. The similarity in challenges across regions observed in this study calls for countries across regions to prioritize OH operationalization and collaboration among sectors, strengthen collaboration, and synergize activities to enhance future changes in the mitigation of public health threats. Keywords: multisectoral collaboration and multidisciplinary, multisectoral coordination, One Health, One Health framework.
{"title":"One Health in practice: Benefits and challenges of multisectoral coordination and collaboration in managing public health risks: A meta-analysis","authors":"Valentina Thobias Sanga, E. Karimuribo, A. S. Hoza","doi":"10.14202/ijoh.2024.26-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/ijoh.2024.26-36","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: One Health (OH) approach is crucial for the effective management of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases and other public health threats. A meta-analysis was conducted to explore the benefits and challenges encountered in the practical implementation of multisectoral coordination in the fight against public health threats and to identify similarities between countries in the practical implementation of multisectoral coordination and cooperation across sectors in OH.\u0000\u0000Materials and Methods: To identify relevant studies published globally between 2010 and 2023, a literature search was conducted online using Google Scholar and PubMed search engines. Inclusion criteria were adopted based on key search terms “One Health,” “multisectoral coordination,” “One Health framework,” and related terms “multisectoral collaboration” and “multidisciplinary.” Unpublished manuscripts, dissertations, and conference reports were excluded from the review. A total of 307 articles were retrieved. Titles, abstracts, and keywords were screened for inclusion criteria. We extracted and analyzed 46 full-text articles published in English. Unpublished manuscripts, dissertations, and conference reports were excluded from the study.\u0000\u0000Results: This study found that most countries have similar challenges that hamper the coordination of OH activities implementation. Of the 46 articles reviewed, 69.6% (n = 32) focused on the benefits of adopting the OH approach and 73.9% (n = 34) focused on multisectoral coordination and collaboration among sectors. In addition, 58.7% (n = 27) of the articles indicated that governments need to invest more resources in OH implementation, and 50% (n = 23) proposed that policies, guidelines, and plans should be integrated to facilitate multisectoral coordination and collaboration. In addition to inadequate coordination and funding, other reported challenges were limited knowledge (34.8%) (n = 16) and inadequate resources (32.6%) (n = 15). In addition, 21.7% (n = 10) highlighted different sectoral priorities and interests as obstacles to effective coordination in the implementation of OH activities.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: Multisectoral coordination plays a key role in the effective management of public health threats through OH. The creation of mechanisms for regular communication, the promotion of mutual trust, and the strengthening of relations between sectors will enhance cooperation. The similarity in challenges across regions observed in this study calls for countries across regions to prioritize OH operationalization and collaboration among sectors, strengthen collaboration, and synergize activities to enhance future changes in the mitigation of public health threats.\u0000\u0000Keywords: multisectoral collaboration and multidisciplinary, multisectoral coordination, One Health, One Health framework.","PeriodicalId":37300,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of One Health","volume":"57 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139634428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. N. Dalisay, Carlo R. Lumangaya, Lorenzo Maria C. de Guzman, Robert Neil F. Leong, Taggart G. Siao, Juan Alfonso Leonardia, Chiqui de Verya, Vicente Y. Belizario, Jr.
Background and Aim: Schools are ideal settings for interventions against diseases to develop sustainable and healthy behaviors that improve long-term health outcomes. The water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) in Schools (WinS) program provides school-based interventions to address health concerns. The integration and practice of the One Health approach in schools may provide useful synergies for improved WinS program efficiency by harmonizing the multisectoral efforts of various stakeholders involved; therefore, this study aimed to revisit the WinS program using the One Health Lens. Materials and Methods: Qualitative methods employed included key informant interviews and focus groups to describe the status of WinS implementation in relation to community WASH and other health programs in the selected study sites using the One Health lens. Results: Good practices in WinS implementation, including public-private sector partnerships to finance construction of WinS facilities, recognition of outstanding schools and innovations to improve program measures, and intensified health education through multimedia channels, were identified. Challenges include deworming hesitancy, disruption of services due to pandemics and disasters, difficulties in sustainable financing of facilities and supplies, inclusive infrastructure, reaching Last Mile schools in Geographically Isolated, Disadvantaged, and Conflict Areas, and the need to connect WinS, community WASH, and other health programs. Conclusion: WASH has proven to be a viable vehicle for improving the health of people in schools and community settings. The study showed that health concerns require a concerted effort of public and private authorities. This study elicited the need to bridge the WASH program implemented in schools with community-based programs to ensure that policies are responsive and that logistic support is provided sustainably. Implementing the Universal Health Care Act and developing and using existing mechanisms for coordination between sectors, such as Healthy Learning Institutions, provide opportunities for aligning programs with the government health agenda. Keywords: one health approach, Philippines, WASH in communities, WASH in schools.
{"title":"A qualitative analysis of the implementation of the water, sanitation, and hygiene in schools program in the Philippines using the One Health lens","authors":"S. N. Dalisay, Carlo R. Lumangaya, Lorenzo Maria C. de Guzman, Robert Neil F. Leong, Taggart G. Siao, Juan Alfonso Leonardia, Chiqui de Verya, Vicente Y. Belizario, Jr.","doi":"10.14202/ijoh.2024.1-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/ijoh.2024.1-11","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Schools are ideal settings for interventions against diseases to develop sustainable and healthy behaviors that improve long-term health outcomes. The water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) in Schools (WinS) program provides school-based interventions to address health concerns. The integration and practice of the One Health approach in schools may provide useful synergies for improved WinS program efficiency by harmonizing the multisectoral efforts of various stakeholders involved; therefore, this study aimed to revisit the WinS program using the One Health Lens.\u0000\u0000Materials and Methods: Qualitative methods employed included key informant interviews and focus groups to describe the status of WinS implementation in relation to community WASH and other health programs in the selected study sites using the One Health lens.\u0000\u0000Results: Good practices in WinS implementation, including public-private sector partnerships to finance construction of WinS facilities, recognition of outstanding schools and innovations to improve program measures, and intensified health education through multimedia channels, were identified. Challenges include deworming hesitancy, disruption of services due to pandemics and disasters, difficulties in sustainable financing of facilities and supplies, inclusive infrastructure, reaching Last Mile schools in Geographically Isolated, Disadvantaged, and Conflict Areas, and the need to connect WinS, community WASH, and other health programs.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: WASH has proven to be a viable vehicle for improving the health of people in schools and community settings. The study showed that health concerns require a concerted effort of public and private authorities. This study elicited the need to bridge the WASH program implemented in schools with community-based programs to ensure that policies are responsive and that logistic support is provided sustainably. Implementing the Universal Health Care Act and developing and using existing mechanisms for coordination between sectors, such as Healthy Learning Institutions, provide opportunities for aligning programs with the government health agenda.\u0000\u0000Keywords: one health approach, Philippines, WASH in communities, WASH in schools.","PeriodicalId":37300,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of One Health","volume":"28 49","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139539966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2023.172-180
Jae Man Park, Seong Min Jo, Xiao Li, V. Maroufy, George W. Williams
Background and Aim: The United States (US) government implemented interventions against COVID-19, but their effects on variant-related risks remain inconclusive. We aimed to assess the causal effects of vaccination rates, booster uptakes, face mask mandates, and public area mobility (societal behavioral factor) on early-stage COVID-19 case and death growth rates and identify the most effective public health response for controlling COVID-19 in the US. Materials and Methods: We performed retrospective analyses using four standard correlated random effects models, analyzing a robust panel dataset that encompasses 16,700 records across all fifty US states. Models 1 and 3 analyzed COVID-19 case rates and death growth rates, respectively, from January 2021 to November 2021. In contrast, using the data from August 2021 to November 2021, Models 2 and 4 assessed the effect of Delta variants and booster shots on COVID-19 case and death growth rates, respectively. Results: We found that face mask mandate (p < 0.01) and workplace mobility (p < 0.05) led to lower COVID-19 case growth rates. COVID-19 vaccination uptake rate reduced COVID-19 death growth rates (p < 0.01). Furthermore, contrary to Epsilon variant (p < 0.01), which contributed to reduced COVID-19 case growth rates, Delta variant led to significant increases in COVID-19 cases (p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study suggests that immediate public health interventions, like mask mandates, are crucial for crisis mitigation, while long-term solutions like vaccination effectively address pandemics. The findings of this study not only sheds light on the recent pandemic but also equips policy-makers and health professionals with tools and knowledge to tackle future public health emergencies more effectively. Keywords: COVID-19, face mask mandate, public mobility, vaccination, variants.
{"title":"Influences of vaccination and public health strategies on COVID-19 dynamics in the United States: Evaluating policy impacts, behavioral responses, and variant proliferation","authors":"Jae Man Park, Seong Min Jo, Xiao Li, V. Maroufy, George W. Williams","doi":"10.14202/ijoh.2023.172-180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/ijoh.2023.172-180","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: The United States (US) government implemented interventions against COVID-19, but their effects on variant-related risks remain inconclusive. We aimed to assess the causal effects of vaccination rates, booster uptakes, face mask mandates, and public area mobility (societal behavioral factor) on early-stage COVID-19 case and death growth rates and identify the most effective public health response for controlling COVID-19 in the US. Materials and Methods: We performed retrospective analyses using four standard correlated random effects models, analyzing a robust panel dataset that encompasses 16,700 records across all fifty US states. Models 1 and 3 analyzed COVID-19 case rates and death growth rates, respectively, from January 2021 to November 2021. In contrast, using the data from August 2021 to November 2021, Models 2 and 4 assessed the effect of Delta variants and booster shots on COVID-19 case and death growth rates, respectively. Results: We found that face mask mandate (p < 0.01) and workplace mobility (p < 0.05) led to lower COVID-19 case growth rates. COVID-19 vaccination uptake rate reduced COVID-19 death growth rates (p < 0.01). Furthermore, contrary to Epsilon variant (p < 0.01), which contributed to reduced COVID-19 case growth rates, Delta variant led to significant increases in COVID-19 cases (p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study suggests that immediate public health interventions, like mask mandates, are crucial for crisis mitigation, while long-term solutions like vaccination effectively address pandemics. The findings of this study not only sheds light on the recent pandemic but also equips policy-makers and health professionals with tools and knowledge to tackle future public health emergencies more effectively. Keywords: COVID-19, face mask mandate, public mobility, vaccination, variants.","PeriodicalId":37300,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of One Health","volume":"1 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139190235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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