Background and Aim: Human antibiotic formulations in animal feed for therapeutic and non-therapeutic purposes have contributed to antimicrobial resistance worldwide; however, little evidence is available in low- and middle-income countries. We aimed to generate evidence of antibiotic use across the human and animal health sectors by investigating the overlap in antibiotic use in community settings in rural blocks of Pune District, India, following the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Access, Watch, Reserve (AWaRe) classification. Materials and Methods: An exploratory pilot study using a cross-sectional design in two randomly selected rural blocks of the Pune district included 138 interviews with general physicians (GPs, n = 62), pharmacists (n = 60), and veterinary practitioners (n = 16) using semi-structured interview schedules and the WHO AWaRe classification. IBM-Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, Version 21.0 software was used for descriptive statistics and to calculate the proportions of the different antibiotic groups. The WHO AWaRe classification was used to describe antibiotic use by the study participants and to assess the overlap in antibiotic use. Results: Our study provides evidence of an overlap in human and animal antibiotic use in rural community settings across the human and animal health sectors. Amoxicillin (access group), penicillin (access group), and ofloxacin (watch group) were used in both human and animal health. Amoxicillin and penicillin were used to treat common bacterial infections, ofloxacin was used to treat skin infections in humans and animals, and ofloxacin was used to treat pneumonia in animals and urinary bladder infections in humans. In contrast, azithromycin (watch group), cefixime (watch group), and amoxicillin (Access Group), with or without other antibiotics, were the most commonly used antibiotics by GPs in humans. Conclusion: We confirmed the overlap in antibiotic use across the human and animal health sectors in rural community settings, suggesting the need for interventions following the One Health approach. Further, research is required to assess the patterns of this overlap, as well as behavior, knowledge, and potential solutions to help avoid this overlap and prevent the rampant use of antibiotics in the animal and human health sectors in rural community settings. Keywords: antimicrobial resistance, antibiotics use, overlap, rural India, WHO AWaRe.
{"title":"Generating evidence on antibiotic use across human and animal health sectors using the World Health Organization’s Access, Watch, Reserve (AWaRe) classification: Exploratory pilot study in rural Pune, India","authors":"A. Kudale, Sakshi Shantanu Hiralkar, Pravin Arun Sawant, Yogita Purushottam Hulsurkar, Nikhil Rajkumar Fatate, Priya Padmakar Waghmare, A. Randive, Mugdha Sharad Phutane, Prashant Pawar, Prashant Mhase","doi":"10.14202/ijoh.2023.166-171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/ijoh.2023.166-171","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Human antibiotic formulations in animal feed for therapeutic and non-therapeutic purposes have contributed to antimicrobial resistance worldwide; however, little evidence is available in low- and middle-income countries. We aimed to generate evidence of antibiotic use across the human and animal health sectors by investigating the overlap in antibiotic use in community settings in rural blocks of Pune District, India, following the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Access, Watch, Reserve (AWaRe) classification. Materials and Methods: An exploratory pilot study using a cross-sectional design in two randomly selected rural blocks of the Pune district included 138 interviews with general physicians (GPs, n = 62), pharmacists (n = 60), and veterinary practitioners (n = 16) using semi-structured interview schedules and the WHO AWaRe classification. IBM-Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, Version 21.0 software was used for descriptive statistics and to calculate the proportions of the different antibiotic groups. The WHO AWaRe classification was used to describe antibiotic use by the study participants and to assess the overlap in antibiotic use. Results: Our study provides evidence of an overlap in human and animal antibiotic use in rural community settings across the human and animal health sectors. Amoxicillin (access group), penicillin (access group), and ofloxacin (watch group) were used in both human and animal health. Amoxicillin and penicillin were used to treat common bacterial infections, ofloxacin was used to treat skin infections in humans and animals, and ofloxacin was used to treat pneumonia in animals and urinary bladder infections in humans. In contrast, azithromycin (watch group), cefixime (watch group), and amoxicillin (Access Group), with or without other antibiotics, were the most commonly used antibiotics by GPs in humans. Conclusion: We confirmed the overlap in antibiotic use across the human and animal health sectors in rural community settings, suggesting the need for interventions following the One Health approach. Further, research is required to assess the patterns of this overlap, as well as behavior, knowledge, and potential solutions to help avoid this overlap and prevent the rampant use of antibiotics in the animal and human health sectors in rural community settings. Keywords: antimicrobial resistance, antibiotics use, overlap, rural India, WHO AWaRe.","PeriodicalId":37300,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of One Health","volume":"89 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139191221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2023.181-193
Y. Paramitadevi, C. Priadi, Iftita Rahmatika, Andriansjah Rukmana, S. Moersidik
The global spread of antibiotic resistance poses a significant threat to public health and is one of the main causes of this problem. Livestock farming plays a significant role in the horizontal and vertical transmission of treatment-resistant genes and bacteria. These processes involve contact with agricultural products and the environment, raising concerns for public health, and farming communities. The farming community is composed of a staggering 608 million farms worldwide, and their livelihood depends heavily on livestock farming. To address this issue, a multidisciplinary One Health approach focusing on integrated monitoring and intervention for humans, animals, and the environment is essential. Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) programs have the potential to significantly reduce the risk of exposure to antibiotic-resistant bacteria, particularly extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) Escherichia coli, by obstructing the transmission route between humans and animals. Additional risk reduction measures for ESBL E. coli infection in animals include vaccination and biosecurity program implementation. Water, sanitation, and hygiene and biosecurity measures must be combined to maximize the effectiveness of the One Health program. Therefore, this study aimed to describe recent advances in biosecurity and WaSH interventions in the livestock environment, analyze the effects of these interventions on human and animal health, and investigate potential future scenarios within the quantitative microbial risk assessment framework. This study used an integrative literature review through searches of four databases, a review of World Health Organization documents through websites, and an examination of relevant texts from previously obtained reference lists. Although hygiene and sanitation are often combined, there is still a lack of quantitative evaluation of the efficacy of integrating WaSH with biosecurity in livestock. In addition, the integration of the WaSH program with biosecurity has potential as a One Health intervention in the coming years. Keywords: antibiotic-resistant bacteria, biosecurity, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase Escherichia coli, One Health, scenario, water, sanitation, and hygiene.
{"title":"Integration of water, sanitation, and hygiene program with biosecurity: A One Health approach to reduce the prevalence and exposure of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the livestock community","authors":"Y. Paramitadevi, C. Priadi, Iftita Rahmatika, Andriansjah Rukmana, S. Moersidik","doi":"10.14202/ijoh.2023.181-193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/ijoh.2023.181-193","url":null,"abstract":"The global spread of antibiotic resistance poses a significant threat to public health and is one of the main causes of this problem. Livestock farming plays a significant role in the horizontal and vertical transmission of treatment-resistant genes and bacteria. These processes involve contact with agricultural products and the environment, raising concerns for public health, and farming communities. The farming community is composed of a staggering 608 million farms worldwide, and their livelihood depends heavily on livestock farming. To address this issue, a multidisciplinary One Health approach focusing on integrated monitoring and intervention for humans, animals, and the environment is essential. Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) programs have the potential to significantly reduce the risk of exposure to antibiotic-resistant bacteria, particularly extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) Escherichia coli, by obstructing the transmission route between humans and animals. Additional risk reduction measures for ESBL E. coli infection in animals include vaccination and biosecurity program implementation. Water, sanitation, and hygiene and biosecurity measures must be combined to maximize the effectiveness of the One Health program. Therefore, this study aimed to describe recent advances in biosecurity and WaSH interventions in the livestock environment, analyze the effects of these interventions on human and animal health, and investigate potential future scenarios within the quantitative microbial risk assessment framework. This study used an integrative literature review through searches of four databases, a review of World Health Organization documents through websites, and an examination of relevant texts from previously obtained reference lists. Although hygiene and sanitation are often combined, there is still a lack of quantitative evaluation of the efficacy of integrating WaSH with biosecurity in livestock. In addition, the integration of the WaSH program with biosecurity has potential as a One Health intervention in the coming years. Keywords: antibiotic-resistant bacteria, biosecurity, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase Escherichia coli, One Health, scenario, water, sanitation, and hygiene.","PeriodicalId":37300,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of One Health","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139192846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2023.150-158
M. Kanaan, I. Salim, A. Tarek, Suraida Abdullah
Background and Aim: Food safety and hygiene are global health concerns, particularly in underprivileged nations, due to the increased incidence of foodborne diseases (FBDs) and associated mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the food handlers’ knowledge, attitude, and hygiene practices toward food safety in Al-Suwaira City, Wasit governorate, Iraq. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, researchers interviewed 130 food handlers to assess their knowledge, attitude, and hygiene regarding food safety in Al-Suwaira, Wasit governorate, Middle Eastern Iraq, from October 2022 to March 2023. The data regarding their age, sex, place of residence, education, employment history, marital status, and monthly income were collected through a questionnaire, as were details on their knowledge, attitudes, and hygiene habits about food safety. Results: Overall, most participants demonstrated poor knowledge of food hygiene and preservation but showed good knowledge of personal hygiene. Knowledge gaps were identified about the healthy ways to clean and use cooking utensils (35.38%), storage of food in the refrigerator (33.85%), and the possible exposure to foodborne pathogens when utensils are reused to cook vegetables and meat (12.31%). Nearly all participants in this study had positive attitudes toward food safety. Most participants (n = 100, 76.7%) agreed that separating raw and cooked food is the best way to avoid spreading germs. Moreover, 109 respondents (83.85%) agreed that washing hands before preparing food efficiently reduces the spread of FBDs. Furthermore, 117 participants (90%) disagreed that disposing of expired perishable foods is necessary, while 91.54% disagreed that monitoring meals for cleanliness and health is important. Our findings showed that 57.15% of the participants had low-to-intermediate competence in food safety procedures, such as avoiding cross-contamination, checking food temperatures, and washing hands thoroughly before and after handling food. Conclusion: The participants in this study exhibited poor compliance and awareness of food safety procedures and practices, respectively. Therefore, educational opportunities and training are necessary to enhance their knowledge, attitudes, and cleanliness levels. Keywords: food handlers, food safety, Iraq, knowledge, attitude, and hygiene practices, Wasit province.
{"title":"Knowledge, attitude, and hygiene practices of food handlers related to food safety in Al-Suwaira City, Wasit Province in Iraq","authors":"M. Kanaan, I. Salim, A. Tarek, Suraida Abdullah","doi":"10.14202/ijoh.2023.150-158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/ijoh.2023.150-158","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Food safety and hygiene are global health concerns, particularly in underprivileged nations, due to the increased incidence of foodborne diseases (FBDs) and associated mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the food handlers’ knowledge, attitude, and hygiene practices toward food safety in Al-Suwaira City, Wasit governorate, Iraq. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, researchers interviewed 130 food handlers to assess their knowledge, attitude, and hygiene regarding food safety in Al-Suwaira, Wasit governorate, Middle Eastern Iraq, from October 2022 to March 2023. The data regarding their age, sex, place of residence, education, employment history, marital status, and monthly income were collected through a questionnaire, as were details on their knowledge, attitudes, and hygiene habits about food safety. Results: Overall, most participants demonstrated poor knowledge of food hygiene and preservation but showed good knowledge of personal hygiene. Knowledge gaps were identified about the healthy ways to clean and use cooking utensils (35.38%), storage of food in the refrigerator (33.85%), and the possible exposure to foodborne pathogens when utensils are reused to cook vegetables and meat (12.31%). Nearly all participants in this study had positive attitudes toward food safety. Most participants (n = 100, 76.7%) agreed that separating raw and cooked food is the best way to avoid spreading germs. Moreover, 109 respondents (83.85%) agreed that washing hands before preparing food efficiently reduces the spread of FBDs. Furthermore, 117 participants (90%) disagreed that disposing of expired perishable foods is necessary, while 91.54% disagreed that monitoring meals for cleanliness and health is important. Our findings showed that 57.15% of the participants had low-to-intermediate competence in food safety procedures, such as avoiding cross-contamination, checking food temperatures, and washing hands thoroughly before and after handling food. Conclusion: The participants in this study exhibited poor compliance and awareness of food safety procedures and practices, respectively. Therefore, educational opportunities and training are necessary to enhance their knowledge, attitudes, and cleanliness levels. Keywords: food handlers, food safety, Iraq, knowledge, attitude, and hygiene practices, Wasit province.","PeriodicalId":37300,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of One Health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139301828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2023.134-140
Julia Fernanda de Camargo Teles Miranda, Karla Fernanda Sanches Rodrigues, Beatriz Regina Rodrigues Carvalho, José Rodrigo de Arruda, Valéria de Souza, Welber Senteio Smith
Background and Aim: The concept of One Health, which aims to establish the association between human, animal, and environmental health, is dedicated to finding solutions to challenges such as the spread of zoonotic diseases. This study focuses on the conservation of freshwater fish and underscores the need for multi-and transdisciplinary approaches that emphasize the objective established by the concept. Materials and Methods: In this context, this study conducted a systematic review, employing criteria for article selection and exclusion, where publications spanning from 1990 to 2022 were analyzed using the electronic databases Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, SciELO, and Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde. Results: Using the keywords “One Health,” “fish,” and “freshwater,” a comprehensive collection of 2392 articles was identified. However, after a meticulous evaluation, only 12 articles fully satisfied the review criteria. These selected articles, published between 2015 and 2022, were primarily concentrated in Asia and Africa. Notably, the focal points of these articles addressed antimicrobial resistance, parasites, and heavy metals, which are challenges associated with consuming contaminated fish. Conclusion: Thus, the One Health approach is the most efficient method for managing environmental risks. By harnessing the collaborative efforts of diverse professionals and experts in the fields of environmental, human, and animal health, this approach serves as a robust framework for addressing challenges involving the triad of human, animal, and environmental spheres. Keywords: animal health, antimicrobial resistance, heavy metals, human health, parasites.
背景和目的:“同一个健康”的概念旨在建立人类、动物和环境健康之间的联系，致力于寻找解决人畜共患疾病传播等挑战的办法。本研究的重点是淡水鱼的保护，并强调需要多学科和跨学科的方法，强调这一概念所确立的目标。材料和方法:在此背景下，本研究进行了系统评价，采用文章选择和排除标准，使用电子数据库Scopus、Web of Science、PubMed、SciELO和Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde对1990年至2022年的出版物进行了分析。结果:使用关键词“同一个健康”、“鱼”和“淡水”，确定了2392篇文章的综合集合。然而，经过细致的评估，只有12篇文章完全符合评审标准。这些精选的文章发表于2015年至2022年之间，主要集中在亚洲和非洲。值得注意的是，这些文章的重点涉及抗微生物药物耐药性、寄生虫和重金属，这些都是与食用受污染鱼类相关的挑战。结论:“同一个健康”是管理环境风险最有效的方法。通过利用环境、人类和动物卫生领域的各种专业人员和专家的协作努力，这种方法成为应对涉及人类、动物和环境领域的挑战的一个强有力的框架。关键词:动物健康，抗微生物药物耐药性，重金属，人体健康，寄生虫
{"title":"One Health and research with freshwater fish: A systematic review","authors":"Julia Fernanda de Camargo Teles Miranda, Karla Fernanda Sanches Rodrigues, Beatriz Regina Rodrigues Carvalho, José Rodrigo de Arruda, Valéria de Souza, Welber Senteio Smith","doi":"10.14202/ijoh.2023.134-140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/ijoh.2023.134-140","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: The concept of One Health, which aims to establish the association between human, animal, and environmental health, is dedicated to finding solutions to challenges such as the spread of zoonotic diseases. This study focuses on the conservation of freshwater fish and underscores the need for multi-and transdisciplinary approaches that emphasize the objective established by the concept. Materials and Methods: In this context, this study conducted a systematic review, employing criteria for article selection and exclusion, where publications spanning from 1990 to 2022 were analyzed using the electronic databases Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, SciELO, and Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde. Results: Using the keywords “One Health,” “fish,” and “freshwater,” a comprehensive collection of 2392 articles was identified. However, after a meticulous evaluation, only 12 articles fully satisfied the review criteria. These selected articles, published between 2015 and 2022, were primarily concentrated in Asia and Africa. Notably, the focal points of these articles addressed antimicrobial resistance, parasites, and heavy metals, which are challenges associated with consuming contaminated fish. Conclusion: Thus, the One Health approach is the most efficient method for managing environmental risks. By harnessing the collaborative efforts of diverse professionals and experts in the fields of environmental, human, and animal health, this approach serves as a robust framework for addressing challenges involving the triad of human, animal, and environmental spheres. Keywords: animal health, antimicrobial resistance, heavy metals, human health, parasites.","PeriodicalId":37300,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of One Health","volume":"225 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136127852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2023.122-133
Fredmoore L. Orosco
Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly pathogenic zoonotic virus that has caused several outbreaks with high fatality rates in humans and animals, thus, requiring a “One Health” approach. No specific treatment or vaccine is available for NiV infection, making the development of effective antiviral agents against this virus a critical research priority. In recent years, significant efforts have been made to identify and develop antiviral agents targeting the various stages of NiV pathogenesis. This review comprehensively discusses current research on antiviral agents against NiV. The promising results obtained with several compounds, including repurposed drugs, nucleoside analogs, phytochemicals, and multi-target inhibitors, are also highlighted. Developing effective antiviral agents against NiV remains a major challenge; however, recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of NiV pathogenesis and identifying potential targets for antiviral agents have provided hope for the future. Further research is required to identify and optimize antiviral agents with broad-spectrum activity against NiV and other related viruses.
{"title":"Breaking the chains: Advancements in antiviral strategies to combat Nipah virus infections","authors":"Fredmoore L. Orosco","doi":"10.14202/ijoh.2023.122-133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/ijoh.2023.122-133","url":null,"abstract":"Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly pathogenic zoonotic virus that has caused several outbreaks with high fatality rates in humans and animals, thus, requiring a “One Health” approach. No specific treatment or vaccine is available for NiV infection, making the development of effective antiviral agents against this virus a critical research priority. In recent years, significant efforts have been made to identify and develop antiviral agents targeting the various stages of NiV pathogenesis. This review comprehensively discusses current research on antiviral agents against NiV. The promising results obtained with several compounds, including repurposed drugs, nucleoside analogs, phytochemicals, and multi-target inhibitors, are also highlighted. Developing effective antiviral agents against NiV remains a major challenge; however, recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of NiV pathogenesis and identifying potential targets for antiviral agents have provided hope for the future. Further research is required to identify and optimize antiviral agents with broad-spectrum activity against NiV and other related viruses.","PeriodicalId":37300,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of One Health","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136127860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2023.95-105
Mewika Hamtook, Parichat Ongartborirak, Aksara Thongprachum, Usanee Wattananandkul, Warangkana Naksen
Background and Aim: Inappropriate antibiotic use in the agricultural sector is a crucial driver of antibiotic resistance which is a global public health concern. Although there are many studies on antibiotic use in livestock production, studies on antibiotic use in crop production are relatively scarce. This study aimed to determine farmers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) toward antibiotic use in Mandarin orchard and investigate their associations with the antibiotic susceptibility patterns among Mandarin orchard farmers in Fang District, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Fang District between November and December 2021. The participants in this study were 151 farmers (farm owners and farm workers) in ten Mandarin orchards. All participants completed face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. Nasal swabs were collected from 100 participants. The disk diffusion and staphylococcal chromosome cassette mec typing methods were used to test the antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates. Results: All farmers involved in the activities related to antibiotic exposure, 39.7% prepared or mixed antibiotics, and 82.8% injected antibiotics into Mandarin trees. Overall, farmers in this study had moderate levels of knowledge and attitudes and good antibiotic use practices. There was a significant association between attitudes and practices (r = 0.312, p < 0.001). In the analysis of drug resistance of the bacterial isolates, Staphylococcus aureus was detected in 16 of 100 nasal swab samples, with resistance to penicillin (16/16), methicillin (cefoxitin) (1/16), and tetracycline (6/16). Conclusion: This is the first report on farmers' and farm workers' KAP and antibiotic use in crop production, specifically Mandarin production. The findings of this research will help in developing plans and strategies to encourage the appropriate use of antibiotics and prevent antibiotic resistance or microbial resistance in plant production. Keywords: antibiotic use, attitudes, farmers, knowledge, mandarin orchard, practices.
背景和目的:农业部门抗生素使用不当是抗生素耐药性的关键驱动因素，是一个全球公共卫生问题。畜牧生产中抗生素使用的研究较多，但作物生产中抗生素使用的研究相对较少。本研究旨在了解泰国清迈省芳区柑橘园农民对抗生素使用的知识、态度和实践(KAP)，并调查其与抗生素敏感性模式的关系。材料与方法:本横断面研究于2021年11月至12月在方区进行。本研究的参与者是10个果园的151名农民(农场主和农场工人)。所有参与者使用结构化问卷完成面对面访谈。收集了100名参与者的鼻拭子。采用纸片扩散法和葡萄球菌染色体盒式mec分型法检测菌株的药敏。结果:所有参与抗生素暴露相关活动的农户中，39.7%的农户制备或混合抗生素，82.8%的农户注射抗生素。总体而言，本研究中的农民具有中等水平的知识和态度以及良好的抗生素使用习惯。态度与行为之间存在显著相关性(r = 0.312, p <0.001)。在耐药性分析中，100份鼻拭子样本中检出16株金黄色葡萄球菌，对青霉素(16/16)、甲氧西林(头孢西丁)(1/16)和四环素(6/16)耐药。结论:这是第一份关于农民和农场工人在作物生产，特别是柑橘生产中KAP和抗生素使用的报告。这项研究的结果将有助于制定计划和战略，以鼓励适当使用抗生素，并防止植物生产中的抗生素耐药性或微生物耐药性。关键词:抗生素使用，态度，农民，知识，果园，实践。
{"title":"Mandarin farmers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to antibiotic use in mandarin orchards and the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in mandarin orchard workers in Fang district, Chiang Mai province, Thailand","authors":"Mewika Hamtook, Parichat Ongartborirak, Aksara Thongprachum, Usanee Wattananandkul, Warangkana Naksen","doi":"10.14202/ijoh.2023.95-105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/ijoh.2023.95-105","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Inappropriate antibiotic use in the agricultural sector is a crucial driver of antibiotic resistance which is a global public health concern. Although there are many studies on antibiotic use in livestock production, studies on antibiotic use in crop production are relatively scarce. This study aimed to determine farmers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) toward antibiotic use in Mandarin orchard and investigate their associations with the antibiotic susceptibility patterns among Mandarin orchard farmers in Fang District, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Fang District between November and December 2021. The participants in this study were 151 farmers (farm owners and farm workers) in ten Mandarin orchards. All participants completed face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. Nasal swabs were collected from 100 participants. The disk diffusion and staphylococcal chromosome cassette mec typing methods were used to test the antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates. Results: All farmers involved in the activities related to antibiotic exposure, 39.7% prepared or mixed antibiotics, and 82.8% injected antibiotics into Mandarin trees. Overall, farmers in this study had moderate levels of knowledge and attitudes and good antibiotic use practices. There was a significant association between attitudes and practices (r = 0.312, p < 0.001). In the analysis of drug resistance of the bacterial isolates, Staphylococcus aureus was detected in 16 of 100 nasal swab samples, with resistance to penicillin (16/16), methicillin (cefoxitin) (1/16), and tetracycline (6/16). Conclusion: This is the first report on farmers' and farm workers' KAP and antibiotic use in crop production, specifically Mandarin production. The findings of this research will help in developing plans and strategies to encourage the appropriate use of antibiotics and prevent antibiotic resistance or microbial resistance in plant production. Keywords: antibiotic use, attitudes, farmers, knowledge, mandarin orchard, practices.","PeriodicalId":37300,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of One Health","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135588930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2023.74-86
Sydney D. Pearce, David F. Kelton, Charlotte B. Winder, Jan M. Sargeant, Jamie Goltz, E. Jane Parmley
Background and Aim: One Health (OH) approach can be used in multiple ways to tackle a wide range of complex problems, making OH research applications and definitions difficult to summarize. To improve our ability to describe OH research applications, we aimed to characterize (1) the terms used in OH definitions within primary research articles reporting the use of the OH approach, and (2) the who, what, where, when, why, and how (5Ws and H) of the OH primary research articles. Materials and Methods: A scoping review was conducted using nine databases and the search term “One Health” in June 2021. Articles were screened by two reviewers using pre-specified eligibility criteria. The search yielded 11,441 results and screening identified 252 eligible primary research articles. One Health definitions and 5Ws and H data were extracted from these studies. Results: Definitions: One Health was labeled as an “approach” (n = 79) or “concept” (n = 30) that is “multi/cross/inter/trans-disciplinary” (n = 77), “collaborative” (n = 54), “interconnected” (n = 35), applied “locally/regionally/nationally/globally” (n = 84), and includes health pillars (“human” = 124, “animal” = 122, “environmental/ecosystem” = 118). WHEN: Article publication dates began in 2010 and approximately half were published since 2020 (130/252). WHERE: First authors most often had European (n = 101) and North American (n = 70) affiliations, but data collection location was more evenly distributed around the world. WHO: The most common disciplines represented in affiliations were human health/biology (n = 198), animal health/biology (n = 157), food/agriculture (n = 81), and environment/geography (n = 80). WHAT: Infectious disease was the only research topic addressed until 2014 and continued to be the most published overall (n = 171). Antimicrobial resistance was the second most researched area (n = 47) and the diversity of topics increased over time. HOW: Both quantitative and qualitative study designs were reported, with quantitative observational designs being the most common (n = 174). WHY: Objectives indicated that studies were conducted for the benefit of humans (n = 187), animals (n = 130), physical environment (n = 55), social environments (n = 33), and plants (n = 4). Conclusion: This scoping review of primary OH research shows a diverse body of work, with human health being considered most frequently. We encourage continued knowledge synthesis work to monitor these patterns as global issues and the application of OH approaches evolve. Keywords: global One Health research, knowledge synthesis, one health applications, one health definitions.
{"title":"Characterizing how One Health is defined and used within primary research: A scoping review","authors":"Sydney D. Pearce, David F. Kelton, Charlotte B. Winder, Jan M. Sargeant, Jamie Goltz, E. Jane Parmley","doi":"10.14202/ijoh.2023.74-86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/ijoh.2023.74-86","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: One Health (OH) approach can be used in multiple ways to tackle a wide range of complex problems, making OH research applications and definitions difficult to summarize. To improve our ability to describe OH research applications, we aimed to characterize (1) the terms used in OH definitions within primary research articles reporting the use of the OH approach, and (2) the who, what, where, when, why, and how (5Ws and H) of the OH primary research articles. Materials and Methods: A scoping review was conducted using nine databases and the search term “One Health” in June 2021. Articles were screened by two reviewers using pre-specified eligibility criteria. The search yielded 11,441 results and screening identified 252 eligible primary research articles. One Health definitions and 5Ws and H data were extracted from these studies. Results: Definitions: One Health was labeled as an “approach” (n = 79) or “concept” (n = 30) that is “multi/cross/inter/trans-disciplinary” (n = 77), “collaborative” (n = 54), “interconnected” (n = 35), applied “locally/regionally/nationally/globally” (n = 84), and includes health pillars (“human” = 124, “animal” = 122, “environmental/ecosystem” = 118). WHEN: Article publication dates began in 2010 and approximately half were published since 2020 (130/252). WHERE: First authors most often had European (n = 101) and North American (n = 70) affiliations, but data collection location was more evenly distributed around the world. WHO: The most common disciplines represented in affiliations were human health/biology (n = 198), animal health/biology (n = 157), food/agriculture (n = 81), and environment/geography (n = 80). WHAT: Infectious disease was the only research topic addressed until 2014 and continued to be the most published overall (n = 171). Antimicrobial resistance was the second most researched area (n = 47) and the diversity of topics increased over time. HOW: Both quantitative and qualitative study designs were reported, with quantitative observational designs being the most common (n = 174). WHY: Objectives indicated that studies were conducted for the benefit of humans (n = 187), animals (n = 130), physical environment (n = 55), social environments (n = 33), and plants (n = 4). Conclusion: This scoping review of primary OH research shows a diverse body of work, with human health being considered most frequently. We encourage continued knowledge synthesis work to monitor these patterns as global issues and the application of OH approaches evolve. Keywords: global One Health research, knowledge synthesis, one health applications, one health definitions.","PeriodicalId":37300,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of One Health","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135348410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and Aim: Investigation of the zoonotic potential of quail-derived food items, including eggs and meat, and their consequential impact on the health of the general population is insufficient. The present study provides a comprehensive overview of the potential hazards associated with consuming quail eggs and meat products with a One Health approach based on the existing body of knowledge derived from multi-disciplinary studies. Materials and Methods: A total of 37 studies from 2004 to 2021 were procured from four distinct databases following a two-stage screening process involving practical and methodological screening. The utilization of a descriptive qualitative method with a meta-aggregation approach was employed to scrutinize these studies, leading to a definitive conclusion regarding the risks of foodborne diseases associated with the consumption of quail meat products. Results: A total of 7555 studies were retrieved and 146 were qualified based on the predetermined criteria. Of 146 studies, 90 studies were eliminated based on duplication screening. Of the 90, 37 were determined to be related to the aim of this research. Conclusion: The consumption of quail eggs and meat products poses a significant risk for foodborne diseases, with potentially greater ramifications than currently recognized, particularly in the areas of food safety, public health, conservation, and the economy. Keywords: foodborne disease, One Health, quail.
{"title":"The potential for foodborne disease stemming from the consumption of quail products: A systematic review","authors":"Trianing Tyas Kusuma Anggaeni, Sulthon Aqil Muhana, Roostita Lobo Balia, Gemilang Lara Utama","doi":"10.14202/ijoh.2023.106-114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/ijoh.2023.106-114","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Investigation of the zoonotic potential of quail-derived food items, including eggs and meat, and their consequential impact on the health of the general population is insufficient. The present study provides a comprehensive overview of the potential hazards associated with consuming quail eggs and meat products with a One Health approach based on the existing body of knowledge derived from multi-disciplinary studies. Materials and Methods: A total of 37 studies from 2004 to 2021 were procured from four distinct databases following a two-stage screening process involving practical and methodological screening. The utilization of a descriptive qualitative method with a meta-aggregation approach was employed to scrutinize these studies, leading to a definitive conclusion regarding the risks of foodborne diseases associated with the consumption of quail meat products. Results: A total of 7555 studies were retrieved and 146 were qualified based on the predetermined criteria. Of 146 studies, 90 studies were eliminated based on duplication screening. Of the 90, 37 were determined to be related to the aim of this research. Conclusion: The consumption of quail eggs and meat products poses a significant risk for foodborne diseases, with potentially greater ramifications than currently recognized, particularly in the areas of food safety, public health, conservation, and the economy. Keywords: foodborne disease, One Health, quail.","PeriodicalId":37300,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of One Health","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135588934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2023.49-66
C. Warwick, A. Pilny, C. Steedman, R. Grant
Background: Elephants are exploited for public entertainment tourism throughout Asia and Africa. Areas of concern include public health and safety and animal welfare. Materials and Methods: We examined over 500 scientific publications with respect to our primary objectives, as well as non-peer-reviewed materials relating to other relevant subject matters (e.g., tourism promotional websites and YouTube films) for background purposes, although these additional materials were not included in this review. Results: We identified at least 12 confirmed or potential zoonotic and other transmissible infections relevant to the elephant tourism sector, and at least 13 areas of animal welfare concern. Conclusion: Infection and injury risks between humans and captive elephants cannot be safely controlled where close contact experiences are involved, arguably creating an unredeemable and indefensible public health and safety situation. Elephant welfare within some sectors of the close contact interactive tourism industry continues to involve significant mistreatment and abuse. To alleviate key One Health concerns outlined in this study, we recommend several types of regulation, monitoring, and control regarding interactions at the human-captive elephant interface. These include legal bans on the promotion and performance of close contact experiences, combined with strong enforcement protocols; new policies toward discouraging elephant tourism; 24/7 surveillance of captive elephants; and the adoption of independent scientific positive list systems for tourism promoters or providers regarding public observation of free-ranging elephants within national parks and protected areas. Keywords: animal welfare, elephant tourism, One Health, public health, safety, zoonoses.
{"title":"Elephant tourism: An analysis and recommendations for public health, safety, and animal welfare","authors":"C. Warwick, A. Pilny, C. Steedman, R. Grant","doi":"10.14202/ijoh.2023.49-66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/ijoh.2023.49-66","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Elephants are exploited for public entertainment tourism throughout Asia and Africa. Areas of concern include public health and safety and animal welfare.\u0000\u0000Materials and Methods: We examined over 500 scientific publications with respect to our primary objectives, as well as non-peer-reviewed materials relating to other relevant subject matters (e.g., tourism promotional websites and YouTube films) for background purposes, although these additional materials were not included in this review.\u0000\u0000Results: We identified at least 12 confirmed or potential zoonotic and other transmissible infections relevant to the elephant tourism sector, and at least 13 areas of animal welfare concern.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: Infection and injury risks between humans and captive elephants cannot be safely controlled where close contact experiences are involved, arguably creating an unredeemable and indefensible public health and safety situation. Elephant welfare within some sectors of the close contact interactive tourism industry continues to involve significant mistreatment and abuse. To alleviate key One Health concerns outlined in this study, we recommend several types of regulation, monitoring, and control regarding interactions at the human-captive elephant interface. These include legal bans on the promotion and performance of close contact experiences, combined with strong enforcement protocols; new policies toward discouraging elephant tourism; 24/7 surveillance of captive elephants; and the adoption of independent scientific positive list systems for tourism promoters or providers regarding public observation of free-ranging elephants within national parks and protected areas.\u0000\u0000Keywords: animal welfare, elephant tourism, One Health, public health, safety, zoonoses.","PeriodicalId":37300,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of One Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46422593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2023.67-73
Agustina Dwi Wijayant, Antasiswa Windraningyas Rosetyadew, A. Pratama, Aria Ika Septana, Dwi Cahyo Budi Setyawan, Ida Fitriana
Background and Aim: Animal antimicrobials must be studied to determine if they have the same types, norms of use, and resistance patterns as those used in humans. This study aimed to facilitate the analysis of data on the use of antimicrobials in veterinary medicine and to aid in developing a strategy to prevent the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in humans and animals. Materials and Methods: Data were obtained through a survey of 101 veterinarians working in animal clinics and independent practice in five regencies of Yogyakarta province. Results: Both of the antibiotics, antiparasitic (78.6%) and, antiseptic and disinfectant (68.0%), and antifungal (31.1%) were the most frequently used types of antimicrobials, while antivirals were the least used (9.7%). The most often treated animals with antimicrobials are pets (37%), followed by large and small livestock (30%), poultry (15%), and exotic animals (14%). Of the respondents, 89% were aware of the factors contributing to AMR, but only 47% monitored developments and expanded their understanding of AMR. The most common antibiotic classes were penicillin (71), tetracyclines (50), sulfonamides (41), fluoroquinolones (31), and aminoglycosides (27). Conclusion: All antimicrobials used in the animal health sector are also used in human medicine, which requires special consideration. This cross-use of antibiotics was a crucial factor in determining the cause of the spread of AMR between humans and animals. Keywords: animal health, antimicrobial use, Yogyakarta.
{"title":"A recent update on the use of antimicrobials for animal health in Yogyakarta, Indonesia","authors":"Agustina Dwi Wijayant, Antasiswa Windraningyas Rosetyadew, A. Pratama, Aria Ika Septana, Dwi Cahyo Budi Setyawan, Ida Fitriana","doi":"10.14202/ijoh.2023.67-73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/ijoh.2023.67-73","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Animal antimicrobials must be studied to determine if they have the same types, norms of use, and resistance patterns as those used in humans. This study aimed to facilitate the analysis of data on the use of antimicrobials in veterinary medicine and to aid in developing a strategy to prevent the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in humans and animals.\u0000\u0000Materials and Methods: Data were obtained through a survey of 101 veterinarians working in animal clinics and independent practice in five regencies of Yogyakarta province.\u0000\u0000Results: Both of the antibiotics, antiparasitic (78.6%) and, antiseptic and disinfectant (68.0%), and antifungal (31.1%) were the most frequently used types of antimicrobials, while antivirals were the least used (9.7%). The most often treated animals with antimicrobials are pets (37%), followed by large and small livestock (30%), poultry (15%), and exotic animals (14%). Of the respondents, 89% were aware of the factors contributing to AMR, but only 47% monitored developments and expanded their understanding of AMR. The most common antibiotic classes were penicillin (71), tetracyclines (50), sulfonamides (41), fluoroquinolones (31), and aminoglycosides (27).\u0000\u0000Conclusion: All antimicrobials used in the animal health sector are also used in human medicine, which requires special consideration. This cross-use of antibiotics was a crucial factor in determining the cause of the spread of AMR between humans and animals.\u0000\u0000Keywords: animal health, antimicrobial use, Yogyakarta.","PeriodicalId":37300,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of One Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48808708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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