Pub Date : 2022-08-22DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2022.2090728
Heather L. Smith, Amy E. Reid
ABSTRACT The Spring Lake Site (41HY160) in San Marcos, located along the Balcones Escarpment in central Texas, produced fluted points that appear diagnostic of Clovis technology as well as ice-age megafauna remains. Unfortunately, these materials were recovered in what appears to be mixed deposits within the lake itself. For over 40 years, researchers have hypothesized that the points represent Clovis technology and presence at the site. We use a two-dimensional landmark approach to geometric morphometric shape analysis to test the typological context of the artifacts against a dataset of well-dated Clovis point specimens. We examine whether they fall within a morphological range of variation in planview shape documented in point assemblages from Clovis sites organized geographically into the Southwest, Northwest, and Northeast regions. Results suggest that the Spring Lake points possess particular affinity in shape to Clovis points found in the Southwest region.
{"title":"Evaluating the Fluted Points from Spring Lake, Texas: A Geometric Morphometric Shape Analysis of Clovis Affinity","authors":"Heather L. Smith, Amy E. Reid","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2022.2090728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2022.2090728","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Spring Lake Site (41HY160) in San Marcos, located along the Balcones Escarpment in central Texas, produced fluted points that appear diagnostic of Clovis technology as well as ice-age megafauna remains. Unfortunately, these materials were recovered in what appears to be mixed deposits within the lake itself. For over 40 years, researchers have hypothesized that the points represent Clovis technology and presence at the site. We use a two-dimensional landmark approach to geometric morphometric shape analysis to test the typological context of the artifacts against a dataset of well-dated Clovis point specimens. We examine whether they fall within a morphological range of variation in planview shape documented in point assemblages from Clovis sites organized geographically into the Southwest, Northwest, and Northeast regions. Results suggest that the Spring Lake points possess particular affinity in shape to Clovis points found in the Southwest region.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":"8 1","pages":"340 - 351"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48328428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2022.2058903
B. Huckell, C. Haynes, V. Holliday, G. Hodgins, L. Huckell, G. Watkinson
ABSTRACT Archival research demonstrates that a previously unpublished second season of excavations took place at the Naco Clovis site in 1953, more than doubling the extent of the excavated area and revealing additional bones pertaining to a second mammoth. In 2020 small pieces of charcoal were found in sediment adhering to the distal fragment of a mammoth ulna from the Naco site. The bone was part of a 2011 donation to the Arizona State Museum by David Navarrete, grandson and nephew of the original discoverers of the site. Three AMS radiocarbon dates were obtained from individual wood charcoal fragments, and two more on a sample of multiple charcoal flecks. The first three have a weighted mean of 10,985 ± 56 14C yr BP (13,067–12,767 cal yr BP), fitting within the range of Clovis ages obtained from other Clovis sites; the other two ages are younger.
摘要档案研究表明，1953年在纳科克洛维斯遗址进行了之前未公开的第二季挖掘，挖掘面积扩大了一倍多，并发现了与第二头猛犸象有关的额外骨骼。2020年，在纳科遗址猛犸尺骨远端碎片的沉积物中发现了小块木炭。这块骨头是该遗址最初发现者的孙子和侄子大卫·纳瓦雷特2011年向亚利桑那州立博物馆捐赠的一部分。从单个木炭碎片中获得了三个AMS放射性碳年代，在多个木炭斑点的样本中又获得了两个。前三个的加权平均值为10985 ± 56 14C yr BP（13067–12767 cal yr BP），符合从其他Clovis站点获得的Clovis年龄范围；另外两个年龄比较小。
{"title":"The Naco Clovis Site: Old Excavations and New Dates","authors":"B. Huckell, C. Haynes, V. Holliday, G. Hodgins, L. Huckell, G. Watkinson","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2022.2058903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2022.2058903","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Archival research demonstrates that a previously unpublished second season of excavations took place at the Naco Clovis site in 1953, more than doubling the extent of the excavated area and revealing additional bones pertaining to a second mammoth. In 2020 small pieces of charcoal were found in sediment adhering to the distal fragment of a mammoth ulna from the Naco site. The bone was part of a 2011 donation to the Arizona State Museum by David Navarrete, grandson and nephew of the original discoverers of the site. Three AMS radiocarbon dates were obtained from individual wood charcoal fragments, and two more on a sample of multiple charcoal flecks. The first three have a weighted mean of 10,985 ± 56 14C yr BP (13,067–12,767 cal yr BP), fitting within the range of Clovis ages obtained from other Clovis sites; the other two ages are younger.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":"8 1","pages":"215 - 227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49409361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2022.2088132
Richard L. Rosencrance, Katelyn N. McDonough, J. Holcomb, Pamela E. Endzweig, D. Jenkins
ABSTRACT Stephen Bedwell excavated the Connley Caves in 1967 and 1968, uncovering dense Western Stemmed Tradition assemblages in the lowest deposits. Reporting a series of radiocarbon dates between 11,200 ± 200 14C yr BP and 9150 ± 150 14C yr BP, he suggested the earliest human occupation of Cave 4 dated to ∼11,000 14C yr BP. Subsequent researchers have questioned the veracity of his claim and the reliability of his data. We revisit Bedwell’s investigations to provide a detailed narrative of the excavations and more thoroughly report the Western Stemmed materials. We identify and date two Early Holocene and late Pleistocene cultural features and recharacterize the lithic assemblage. Our results suggest that Bedwell’s oldest date is aberrant and current evidence for the earliest occupations spans the Younger Dryas. This study provides new information, resolves long-standing questions about Bedwell’s assumptions and methodologies, and facilitates the incorporation of the collection into on-going Western Stemmed research in the northern Great Basin.
Stephen Bedwell于1967年和1968年对康利洞穴进行了发掘，在最低层的沉积物中发现了密集的西方茎传统组合。他报告了一系列放射性碳年代在11,200±200 14C年BP和9150±150 14C年BP之间，他认为第4洞穴最早的人类活动时间为~ 11000 14C年BP。随后的研究人员对他的说法的真实性和数据的可靠性提出了质疑。我们重新审视贝德维尔的调查，为挖掘提供详细的叙述，并更彻底地报道西方的材料。我们确定了两个早全新世和晚更新世的文化特征，并对岩屑组合进行了重新表征。我们的研究结果表明，贝德韦尔最古老的日期是异常的，目前的证据表明，最早的职业跨越了新仙女木时期。这项研究提供了新的信息，解决了关于Bedwell的假设和方法的长期问题，并促进了将收集的资料纳入正在进行的大盆地北部西部的研究。
{"title":"Dating and Analysis of Western Stemmed Toolkits from the Legacy Collection of Connley Cave 4, Oregon","authors":"Richard L. Rosencrance, Katelyn N. McDonough, J. Holcomb, Pamela E. Endzweig, D. Jenkins","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2022.2088132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2022.2088132","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Stephen Bedwell excavated the Connley Caves in 1967 and 1968, uncovering dense Western Stemmed Tradition assemblages in the lowest deposits. Reporting a series of radiocarbon dates between 11,200 ± 200 14C yr BP and 9150 ± 150 14C yr BP, he suggested the earliest human occupation of Cave 4 dated to ∼11,000 14C yr BP. Subsequent researchers have questioned the veracity of his claim and the reliability of his data. We revisit Bedwell’s investigations to provide a detailed narrative of the excavations and more thoroughly report the Western Stemmed materials. We identify and date two Early Holocene and late Pleistocene cultural features and recharacterize the lithic assemblage. Our results suggest that Bedwell’s oldest date is aberrant and current evidence for the earliest occupations spans the Younger Dryas. This study provides new information, resolves long-standing questions about Bedwell’s assumptions and methodologies, and facilitates the incorporation of the collection into on-going Western Stemmed research in the northern Great Basin.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":"8 1","pages":"264 - 284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46792782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-26DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2022.2075134
E. Johnson, J. Moretti
ABSTRACT Kincaid Shelter (Uvalde County, Texas) contains a sequence of vertebrate and cultural remains spanning from the late Pleistocene to Historic. Kincaid Shelter perhaps is best known for its Paleoindian component, including a cobblestone floor interpreted as a Clovis habitation surface. Zone 3 lacustrine sediments are beneath that cobblestone floor and yielded a diverse late Pleistocene vertebrate fauna. Recovered in 1948, the assemblage has never been formally studied or described. The current analysis focuses on the composition, paleoecology, and taphonomy of the Zone 3 faunal assemblage to establish and clarify this important late Pleistocene record. Sixteen vertebrate taxa are represented. Large mammals predominate, but reptiles, including American alligator, and a bird also occur. The presence of Bison antiquus and Panthera atrox indicate a late Pleistocene (Rancholabrean Land Mammal Age) age for the faunal assemblage. The Zone 3 faunal composition is typical of latest Pleistocene faunas from the Great Plains and supports an interpretation of a grassland biome.
{"title":"Diversity and Paleoecology of the Zone 3 Late Pleistocene Vertebrates at Kincaid Shelter (41UV2), Central Texas, USA","authors":"E. Johnson, J. Moretti","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2022.2075134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2022.2075134","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Kincaid Shelter (Uvalde County, Texas) contains a sequence of vertebrate and cultural remains spanning from the late Pleistocene to Historic. Kincaid Shelter perhaps is best known for its Paleoindian component, including a cobblestone floor interpreted as a Clovis habitation surface. Zone 3 lacustrine sediments are beneath that cobblestone floor and yielded a diverse late Pleistocene vertebrate fauna. Recovered in 1948, the assemblage has never been formally studied or described. The current analysis focuses on the composition, paleoecology, and taphonomy of the Zone 3 faunal assemblage to establish and clarify this important late Pleistocene record. Sixteen vertebrate taxa are represented. Large mammals predominate, but reptiles, including American alligator, and a bird also occur. The presence of Bison antiquus and Panthera atrox indicate a late Pleistocene (Rancholabrean Land Mammal Age) age for the faunal assemblage. The Zone 3 faunal composition is typical of latest Pleistocene faunas from the Great Plains and supports an interpretation of a grassland biome.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":"8 1","pages":"228 - 252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60043988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-29DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2022.2057833
P. López, C. Carrasco, Rodrigo Loyola, V. Flores‐Aqueveque, A. Maldonado, Francisca Santana-Sagredo, Víctor Méndez, Pablo Díaz, Daniel Varas, Angélica Soto
ABSTRACT We present new evidence obtained in archaeological surveys in Quebrada Pedernales (3356 masl), in the southern puna of Chile (26°S; 69°W). A series of surface findings such as large lanceolate stemmed projectile points and geometric stones, together with chronostratigraphic and artifactual data recovered in excavations at the Pedernales-38 site, suggest that the coastal Huentelauquén groups explored and inhabited the Andean highlands between 10,151 and 9695 cal yr BP. The archaeological record is discussed as it relates to the known evidence for this cultural complex, recognized principally on the Pacific coast. The archaeological findings allow us to broaden the diversity of environments exploited by coastal populations of the Early Holocene, and provide new data on their mobility and settlement strategies.
{"title":"Huentelauquén coastal groups in the Andean highlands? An assessment of human occupations of the Early Holocene in Salar de Pedernales, Chile (26°S, 3356 masl)","authors":"P. López, C. Carrasco, Rodrigo Loyola, V. Flores‐Aqueveque, A. Maldonado, Francisca Santana-Sagredo, Víctor Méndez, Pablo Díaz, Daniel Varas, Angélica Soto","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2022.2057833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2022.2057833","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We present new evidence obtained in archaeological surveys in Quebrada Pedernales (3356 masl), in the southern puna of Chile (26°S; 69°W). A series of surface findings such as large lanceolate stemmed projectile points and geometric stones, together with chronostratigraphic and artifactual data recovered in excavations at the Pedernales-38 site, suggest that the coastal Huentelauquén groups explored and inhabited the Andean highlands between 10,151 and 9695 cal yr BP. The archaeological record is discussed as it relates to the known evidence for this cultural complex, recognized principally on the Pacific coast. The archaeological findings allow us to broaden the diversity of environments exploited by coastal populations of the Early Holocene, and provide new data on their mobility and settlement strategies.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":"8 1","pages":"253 - 263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44202861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-24DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2022.2057834
G. Haynes
ABSTRACT Proboscideans may have been important prey for Pleistocene foragers in the Americas. Dozens of proboscidean sites have been claimed to show evidence of human involvement dating to MIS 3 or in a few cases even earlier. Summaries are provided here for >70 sites. Also presented are discussions of patterns and variability in the claims. Suggestive traces of human use of carcasses such as associated stone tools or butchering marks vary from few or none in the oldest sites to relatively many in the latest (Clovis-era) sites. Evidence to distinguish scavenging from killing is not clear in most cases, but cut marks on bones in a few sites indicate that fully fleshed carcasses were butchered before carnivores stripped meat. Only one assemblage contains a bone with a possible weapon tip fragment embedded in it, a kind of find that is also rare in Eurasian mammoth sites. The oldest sites in the Americas are notably different from Old World assemblages, including those dating >1 Ma.
{"title":"Sites in the Americas with Possible or Probable Evidence for the Butchering of Proboscideans","authors":"G. Haynes","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2022.2057834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2022.2057834","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Proboscideans may have been important prey for Pleistocene foragers in the Americas. Dozens of proboscidean sites have been claimed to show evidence of human involvement dating to MIS 3 or in a few cases even earlier. Summaries are provided here for >70 sites. Also presented are discussions of patterns and variability in the claims. Suggestive traces of human use of carcasses such as associated stone tools or butchering marks vary from few or none in the oldest sites to relatively many in the latest (Clovis-era) sites. Evidence to distinguish scavenging from killing is not clear in most cases, but cut marks on bones in a few sites indicate that fully fleshed carcasses were butchered before carnivores stripped meat. Only one assemblage contains a bone with a possible weapon tip fragment embedded in it, a kind of find that is also rare in Eurasian mammoth sites. The oldest sites in the Americas are notably different from Old World assemblages, including those dating >1 Ma.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":"8 1","pages":"187 - 214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43214381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2022.2039863
J. Pigati, Kathleen B. Springer, V. Holliday, M. Bennett, D. Bustos, T. Urban, S. Reynolds, Daniel Odess
ABSTRACT Bennett et al. (2021, Science 373, 1528–1531) reported that ancient human footprints discovered in White Sands National Park, New Mexico date to between ∼23,000 and 21,000 years ago. Haynes (2022, PaleoAmerica, this issue) proposes two alternate hypotheses to explain the antiquity of the footprints. One is that they were made by humans crossing over older sediments sometime during the Holocene. This is incorrect as there are Pleistocene megafauna tracks interspersed with the human footprints, so they cannot be Holocene in age. The other hypothesis maintains seeds used to date the human footprints were exhumed from older sediments, transported across the Tularosa Basin, and deposited on moist ground that was traversed by Clovis people at ∼13,000 years ago. This scenario requires a series of events that are highly unlikely, if not impossible. We maintain the seeds were collected from their original depositional context and the ages of the footprints fall within the Last Glacial Maximum.
{"title":"Reply to “Evidence for Humans at White Sands National Park during the Last Glacial Maximum Could Actually be for Clovis People ∼13,000 Years Ago” by C. Vance Haynes, Jr.","authors":"J. Pigati, Kathleen B. Springer, V. Holliday, M. Bennett, D. Bustos, T. Urban, S. Reynolds, Daniel Odess","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2022.2039863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2022.2039863","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Bennett et al. (2021, Science 373, 1528–1531) reported that ancient human footprints discovered in White Sands National Park, New Mexico date to between ∼23,000 and 21,000 years ago. Haynes (2022, PaleoAmerica, this issue) proposes two alternate hypotheses to explain the antiquity of the footprints. One is that they were made by humans crossing over older sediments sometime during the Holocene. This is incorrect as there are Pleistocene megafauna tracks interspersed with the human footprints, so they cannot be Holocene in age. The other hypothesis maintains seeds used to date the human footprints were exhumed from older sediments, transported across the Tularosa Basin, and deposited on moist ground that was traversed by Clovis people at ∼13,000 years ago. This scenario requires a series of events that are highly unlikely, if not impossible. We maintain the seeds were collected from their original depositional context and the ages of the footprints fall within the Last Glacial Maximum.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":"8 1","pages":"99 - 101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45397018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT In this paper, we present the case of recycled Fishtail points from a late Pleistocene site in the Pampean Tandilia ranges, Argentina. Detailed descriptions of the recycled tools are integrated with previous breakage and fatty-acids analysis. We assess if the practice of recycling was related to a specific task, a conservative strategy, functional reasons, and if other non-economic reasons may have played a significant role. Results show a marked selection of certain fragments to manufacture burin-like tools and a few other tool types. We propose that recycling of Fishtail points played a role in making and repairing weapons, and that different factors must be considered to explain the reasons behind this practice.
{"title":"Recycled Fishtail Points in the Argentinian Pampa: Everyday Tools on Distinctive Paleoamerican Objects?","authors":"Celeste Weitzel, Natalia Mazzia, Salomón Hocsman, Franco Pazzi, Nora Flegenheimer","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2022.2057029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2022.2057029","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this paper, we present the case of recycled Fishtail points from a late Pleistocene site in the Pampean Tandilia ranges, Argentina. Detailed descriptions of the recycled tools are integrated with previous breakage and fatty-acids analysis. We assess if the practice of recycling was related to a specific task, a conservative strategy, functional reasons, and if other non-economic reasons may have played a significant role. Results show a marked selection of certain fragments to manufacture burin-like tools and a few other tool types. We propose that recycling of Fishtail points played a role in making and repairing weapons, and that different factors must be considered to explain the reasons behind this practice.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":"8 1","pages":"130 - 144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47043241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2022.2058902
William A. Childress
ABSTRACT This paper documents a previously unrecognized Paleoindian presence in the Upper Roanoke drainage (UR) defined by a series of unfluted Early Narrow Lanceolate points (ENLs), some of which resemble Plano types from regions to the west and the northeast. The context of the recoveries is briefly described and discriminant analysis is applied to distinguish ENL forms, as a group, from possible pre-Clovis Early Triangular Lanceolates (ETLs) also found at Smith Mountain and Middle Archaic Guilford Lanceolates, which are common throughout the Piedmont Southeast including the Roanoke drainage. An additional metric study based on plan and sectional landmark ratios of Upper Roanoke ENL forms is used for initial morphometric comparisons to similar, lower Middle Atlantic early lanceolates and Plano types from the American West and Northeast in the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History Paleoindian Program collection.
{"title":"Untyped Paleoindian Lanceolate Projectile Points in the Upper Roanoke River Basin at Smith Mountain Gap, Virginia","authors":"William A. Childress","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2022.2058902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2022.2058902","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper documents a previously unrecognized Paleoindian presence in the Upper Roanoke drainage (UR) defined by a series of unfluted Early Narrow Lanceolate points (ENLs), some of which resemble Plano types from regions to the west and the northeast. The context of the recoveries is briefly described and discriminant analysis is applied to distinguish ENL forms, as a group, from possible pre-Clovis Early Triangular Lanceolates (ETLs) also found at Smith Mountain and Middle Archaic Guilford Lanceolates, which are common throughout the Piedmont Southeast including the Roanoke drainage. An additional metric study based on plan and sectional landmark ratios of Upper Roanoke ENL forms is used for initial morphometric comparisons to similar, lower Middle Atlantic early lanceolates and Plano types from the American West and Northeast in the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History Paleoindian Program collection.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":"8 1","pages":"102 - 114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43698689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2022.2057030
J. Jones
ABSTRACT Perspectives on the Paleoindian occupation of the unglaciated eastern United States have changed significantly in the last 25 years. Historically, the Midsouth riverine region has been described as consisting of few true sites but many isolated projectile points, with Paleoindians rarely participating in the behaviors that produce sites. Due to the efforts of individuals such as Charles M. Hubbert, however, we know this is no longer a tenable interpretation. In this perspective, the author provides a brief overview of the influence of Hubbert and places his career within a historical context. Hubbert spent much of his career working in the Tennessee Valley, and the papers in this special section highlight new research efforts in the Tennessee Valley and Midsouth. The author also introduces the set of three papers that make up this special section of this issue of PaleoAmerica.
{"title":"Introduction to the Special Section: Paleoindian Archaeology of the Tennessee Valley","authors":"J. Jones","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2022.2057030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2022.2057030","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Perspectives on the Paleoindian occupation of the unglaciated eastern United States have changed significantly in the last 25 years. Historically, the Midsouth riverine region has been described as consisting of few true sites but many isolated projectile points, with Paleoindians rarely participating in the behaviors that produce sites. Due to the efforts of individuals such as Charles M. Hubbert, however, we know this is no longer a tenable interpretation. In this perspective, the author provides a brief overview of the influence of Hubbert and places his career within a historical context. Hubbert spent much of his career working in the Tennessee Valley, and the papers in this special section highlight new research efforts in the Tennessee Valley and Midsouth. The author also introduces the set of three papers that make up this special section of this issue of PaleoAmerica.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":"8 1","pages":"145 - 147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42622565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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