Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2022.2157929
M. Zárate, Nora Flegenheimer, A. Mehl
ABSTRACT Late Pleistocene human occupations are well represented in the Tandilia Range, Argentine Pampas. Abrigo 1 is a small shelter in close relation to the main and better-known site on the hilltop of Cerro El Sombrero, with both sites including Fishtail points. The oldest levels at the shelter dated to 13,000–12,000 calendar years ago and yielded two Fishtail points. This paper deals with the analysis of the sedimentary context, stratigraphy, artifact distribution, and site formation processes at Abrigo 1. The sedimentary record is dominantly composed of geogenic sediments with a minor participation of anthropogenic material, mainly lithic artifacts. The geogenic input includes sediments coming from the physical and chemical weathering of the rockshelter’s quartzites and windblown sediments. Pedogenesis is the prevailing site formation process. Artifact distribution, the homogeneity of the assemblage, and refitting are considered relevant to assess site integrity. The results are compared to other early cultural contexts of the immediate vicinity.
阿根廷潘帕斯的坦迪利亚山脉是晚更新世人类活动的典型代表。Abrigo 1是一个小型避难所，与Cerro El Sombrero山顶上的主要和更著名的地点密切相关，两个地点都有鱼尾点。该避难所最古老的水平可追溯到13000 - 12000日历年前，并产生了两个鱼尾点。本文对Abrigo 1的沉积环境、地层、人工制品分布和遗址形成过程进行了分析。沉积记录以地质沉积为主，少量人为物质参与，主要是石器制品。地质输入包括来自岩穴石英岩的物理和化学风化和风吹沉积物的沉积物。成土作用是主要的立地形成过程。人工制品的分布、组合的同质性和重新装修被认为与评估遗址的完整性有关。研究结果与邻近地区的其他早期文化背景进行了比较。
{"title":"Abrigo 1, Cerro El Sombrero: An Early Site in Eastern Argentina","authors":"M. Zárate, Nora Flegenheimer, A. Mehl","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2022.2157929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2022.2157929","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Late Pleistocene human occupations are well represented in the Tandilia Range, Argentine Pampas. Abrigo 1 is a small shelter in close relation to the main and better-known site on the hilltop of Cerro El Sombrero, with both sites including Fishtail points. The oldest levels at the shelter dated to 13,000–12,000 calendar years ago and yielded two Fishtail points. This paper deals with the analysis of the sedimentary context, stratigraphy, artifact distribution, and site formation processes at Abrigo 1. The sedimentary record is dominantly composed of geogenic sediments with a minor participation of anthropogenic material, mainly lithic artifacts. The geogenic input includes sediments coming from the physical and chemical weathering of the rockshelter’s quartzites and windblown sediments. Pedogenesis is the prevailing site formation process. Artifact distribution, the homogeneity of the assemblage, and refitting are considered relevant to assess site integrity. The results are compared to other early cultural contexts of the immediate vicinity.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":"9 1","pages":"60 - 75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46512110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2023.2171745
J. Holcomb, Aayush Srivastava, T. Kinnaird, John C. Blong
ABSTRACT The Kelly Forks Work Center Site (10CW34) is a deeply buried and stratified late Pleistocene to late Holocene aged archaeological site located on the North Fork Clearwater River in the Nez Perce-Clearwater National Forest, Idaho. Previous research suggested the site contained buried archaeological components associated with the Western Stemmed Tradition. Here, we report preliminary results of ongoing reinvestigation of the site to assess the stratigraphy, geochronology, archaeology, and traditional Nez Perce use of the Clearwater River drainage.
{"title":"Revisiting Kelly Forks (10CW34): Current and Future Research at a Western Stemmed Tradition Occupation in the Nez Perce-Clearwater National Forest, Idaho, USA","authors":"J. Holcomb, Aayush Srivastava, T. Kinnaird, John C. Blong","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2023.2171745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2023.2171745","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Kelly Forks Work Center Site (10CW34) is a deeply buried and stratified late Pleistocene to late Holocene aged archaeological site located on the North Fork Clearwater River in the Nez Perce-Clearwater National Forest, Idaho. Previous research suggested the site contained buried archaeological components associated with the Western Stemmed Tradition. Here, we report preliminary results of ongoing reinvestigation of the site to assess the stratigraphy, geochronology, archaeology, and traditional Nez Perce use of the Clearwater River drainage.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":"9 1","pages":"76 - 80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49437246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2023.2174828
Rodrigo Angeles Flores, Maria Ester Venezia, Astolfo G. M. Araujo, G. Ceccantini
ABSTRACT For decades, the importance of tuberous plants in central Brazil’s Paleoindian subsistence models has been indirectly inferred through dental and lithic analysis. However, little direct evidence about the consumption of this type of plant has been produced. In this report, we present some of the earliest evidence for starchy plant processing in the area. To do so, starch-grain and use-wear analyses were applied to lithics from the Lapa Grande de Taquaraçu site. This is a small limestone rock shelter located in an area bordering the Lagoa Santa micro-region (Minas Gerais State, Brazil), occupied from ca. 11,500 to 1000 calendar years ago. The presence of starch grains in almost every lithic artifact analyzed, together with use-wear marks, suggest their use in the processing of tuberous plants and, indirectly, the consumption of this type of vegetable resource among Paleoindian groups. Moreover, morphological modifications shown in some of the starch grains might indicate cooking or fermentation.
{"title":"Confirmation of Starchy Plant Processing in Lagoa Santa by Paleoindian People: Results of Microrremain and Use-Wear Analysis at Lapa Grande de Taquaraçu","authors":"Rodrigo Angeles Flores, Maria Ester Venezia, Astolfo G. M. Araujo, G. Ceccantini","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2023.2174828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2023.2174828","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT For decades, the importance of tuberous plants in central Brazil’s Paleoindian subsistence models has been indirectly inferred through dental and lithic analysis. However, little direct evidence about the consumption of this type of plant has been produced. In this report, we present some of the earliest evidence for starchy plant processing in the area. To do so, starch-grain and use-wear analyses were applied to lithics from the Lapa Grande de Taquaraçu site. This is a small limestone rock shelter located in an area bordering the Lagoa Santa micro-region (Minas Gerais State, Brazil), occupied from ca. 11,500 to 1000 calendar years ago. The presence of starch grains in almost every lithic artifact analyzed, together with use-wear marks, suggest their use in the processing of tuberous plants and, indirectly, the consumption of this type of vegetable resource among Paleoindian groups. Moreover, morphological modifications shown in some of the starch grains might indicate cooking or fermentation.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":"9 1","pages":"7 - 24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45534564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2023.2177093
B. Hockett, T. Goebel, K. Graf, E. Stoner
ABSTRACT We report the discovery of a large-scale artificial pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) trap located near Silver Zone Pass in the northern Goshute Valley, eastern Elko County, Nevada. Evidence comes from three closely related and closely spaced surface scatters of lithic artifacts called the Silver Zone Pass Complex. Two of the scatters represent a single kill zone, or corral, while the third represents an associated campsite. The assemblage of 282 bifacial points and fragments from the three scatters is characterized by short-stemmed Windust and Pinto forms, elsewhere dated to the early-mid Holocene, about 8500–7500 calendar years ago. With this discovery, we can firmly conclude that large-scale communal trapping of artiodactyls began in the eastern Great Basin 2000–3000 years earlier than previously thought, and is coincident with other significant changes in human technology, subsistence, and settlement documented for the Paleoindian-Archaic transition in the region.
{"title":"A Latest-Paleoindian-Aged Pronghorn Trap in the Goshute Valley, Eastern Great Basin, USA","authors":"B. Hockett, T. Goebel, K. Graf, E. Stoner","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2023.2177093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2023.2177093","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We report the discovery of a large-scale artificial pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) trap located near Silver Zone Pass in the northern Goshute Valley, eastern Elko County, Nevada. Evidence comes from three closely related and closely spaced surface scatters of lithic artifacts called the Silver Zone Pass Complex. Two of the scatters represent a single kill zone, or corral, while the third represents an associated campsite. The assemblage of 282 bifacial points and fragments from the three scatters is characterized by short-stemmed Windust and Pinto forms, elsewhere dated to the early-mid Holocene, about 8500–7500 calendar years ago. With this discovery, we can firmly conclude that large-scale communal trapping of artiodactyls began in the eastern Great Basin 2000–3000 years earlier than previously thought, and is coincident with other significant changes in human technology, subsistence, and settlement documented for the Paleoindian-Archaic transition in the region.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":"9 1","pages":"25 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48525032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01Epub Date: 2021-10-26DOI: 10.1080/03610918.2021.1995751
I L Singini, H G Mwambi, F N Gumedze
A two-stage joint survival model is used to analyse time to event outcomes that could be associated with biomakers that are repeatedly collected over time. A Two-stage joint survival model has limited model checking tools and is usually assessed using standard diagnostic tools for survival models. The diagnostic tools can be improved and implemented. Time-varying covariates in a two-stage joint survival model might contain outlying observations or subjects. In this study we used the variance shift outlier model (VSOM) to detect and down-weight outliers in the first stage of the two-stage joint survival model. This entails fitting a VSOM at the observation level and a VSOM at the subject level, and then fitting a combined VSOM for the identified outliers. The fitted values were then extracted from the combined VSOM which were then used as time-varying covariate in the extended Cox model. We illustrate this methodology on a dataset from a multi-centre randomised clinical trial. A multi-centre trial showed that a combined VSOM fits the data better than an extended Cox model. We noted that implementing a combined VSOM, when desired, has a better fit based on the fact that outliers are down-weighted.
{"title":"Diagnostics for a two-stage joint survival model.","authors":"I L Singini, H G Mwambi, F N Gumedze","doi":"10.1080/03610918.2021.1995751","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03610918.2021.1995751","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A two-stage joint survival model is used to analyse time to event outcomes that could be associated with biomakers that are repeatedly collected over time. A Two-stage joint survival model has limited model checking tools and is usually assessed using standard diagnostic tools for survival models. The diagnostic tools can be improved and implemented. Time-varying covariates in a two-stage joint survival model might contain outlying observations or subjects. In this study we used the variance shift outlier model (VSOM) to detect and down-weight outliers in the first stage of the two-stage joint survival model. This entails fitting a VSOM at the observation level and a VSOM at the subject level, and then fitting a combined VSOM for the identified outliers. The fitted values were then extracted from the combined VSOM which were then used as time-varying covariate in the extended Cox model. We illustrate this methodology on a dataset from a multi-centre randomised clinical trial. A multi-centre trial showed that a combined VSOM fits the data better than an extended Cox model. We noted that implementing a combined VSOM, when desired, has a better fit based on the fact that outliers are down-weighted.</p>","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":"3 1","pages":"5163-5177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10655958/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83791271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2022.2135476
J. Holcomb, R. Mandel, Erik R. Otárola-Castillo, K. Rademaker, Richard L. Rosencrance, Katelyn N. McDonough, D. Miller, Brian T. Wygal
ABSTRACT Researchers at Arroyo del Vizcaíno (AdV), Uruguay, have argued that human occupation dates prior to the Last Glacial Maximum (33,000–31,000 cal BP) based on the presence of purported stone tools and cutmarks on bones. We provide a summary of their research and critically evaluate these claims. We conclude that the claims of a pre-LGM occupation at AdV are unsupported due to: (1) equivocal evidence that the purported stone tools are culturally modified; (2) insufficiently documented spatial and contextual information; (3) inadequate geological research leading to an unconvincing site formation model; and (4) inadequate testing of alternative hypotheses for bones with surface modifications. We conclude that the site is best interpreted as a natural time-transgressive accumulation of mammal bones and other organic and inorganic materials within a fluvial setting spanning four millennia, and that bone surface modifications are the product of natural site formation processes rather than human agency.
乌拉圭阿罗约德尔Vizcaíno (AdV)的研究人员认为，根据据称存在的石器和骨头上的刻印，人类的居住时间早于末次冰期高峰(33000 - 31000 cal BP)。我们提供了他们的研究总结和批判性地评估这些说法。我们的结论是，关于lgm之前在AdV被占领的说法是不支持的，因为:(1)有模棱两可的证据表明，所谓的石器工具在文化上经过了修改;(2)空间和语境信息文件不足;(3)地质研究不足导致遗址形成模型不可信;(4)对具有表面修饰的骨骼的替代假设的测试不足。我们得出的结论是，该遗址最好被解释为一个跨越4000年的河流环境中哺乳动物骨骼和其他有机和无机材料的自然时间-海侵积累，并且骨骼表面的变化是自然遗址形成过程的产物，而不是人为作用的产物。
{"title":"Does the evidence at Arroyo del Vizcaíno (Uruguay) support the claim of human occupation 30,000 years ago?","authors":"J. Holcomb, R. Mandel, Erik R. Otárola-Castillo, K. Rademaker, Richard L. Rosencrance, Katelyn N. McDonough, D. Miller, Brian T. Wygal","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2022.2135476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2022.2135476","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Researchers at Arroyo del Vizcaíno (AdV), Uruguay, have argued that human occupation dates prior to the Last Glacial Maximum (33,000–31,000 cal BP) based on the presence of purported stone tools and cutmarks on bones. We provide a summary of their research and critically evaluate these claims. We conclude that the claims of a pre-LGM occupation at AdV are unsupported due to: (1) equivocal evidence that the purported stone tools are culturally modified; (2) insufficiently documented spatial and contextual information; (3) inadequate geological research leading to an unconvincing site formation model; and (4) inadequate testing of alternative hypotheses for bones with surface modifications. We conclude that the site is best interpreted as a natural time-transgressive accumulation of mammal bones and other organic and inorganic materials within a fluvial setting spanning four millennia, and that bone surface modifications are the product of natural site formation processes rather than human agency.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":"8 1","pages":"285 - 299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43591812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2022.2135477
H. G. Nami, D. Loponte, Mirian Carbonera
ABSTRACT The research advances in Fell points show significant morpho-technological and dimensional variations. We provide additional data on unreported specimens coming from three countries located in southeastern South America. Dealing with the repairing of the stems, we discuss a topic barely addressed in this iconic PaleoAmerican artifact. These issues give us a greater depth of understanding of the life histories of the early lithic assemblages employed by the hunter-gatherers living during the last millennium of the Pleistocene in this part of the world.
{"title":"Additional Records for Deepening the Knowledge of Fell Points from Southeastern South America","authors":"H. G. Nami, D. Loponte, Mirian Carbonera","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2022.2135477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2022.2135477","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The research advances in Fell points show significant morpho-technological and dimensional variations. We provide additional data on unreported specimens coming from three countries located in southeastern South America. Dealing with the repairing of the stems, we discuss a topic barely addressed in this iconic PaleoAmerican artifact. These issues give us a greater depth of understanding of the life histories of the early lithic assemblages employed by the hunter-gatherers living during the last millennium of the Pleistocene in this part of the world.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":"8 1","pages":"330 - 339"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44295556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2022.2135478
W. Lovis, A. Arbogast, D. H. Carr, R. Donahue, K. Rademaker, K. McKeehan
ABSTRACT The Hipwater Locale is a small Parkhill Phase Middle Paleoindian (ca. 12,200–11,600 cal yr BP) assemblage from south central lower Michigan, recovered by the property owners and the lead author. Interdisciplinary analysis reveals that the locale is likely a short term but intensive discard location with an assemblage composed of unfinished and broken fluted and unfluted bifaces with almost no associated debitage. There is evidence for a hearth in the form of soil discoloration, fire-cracked rock, color and structural alteration of tool stone, and thermal fractures. Tool-stone sources are local Bayport chert as assessed through hand-specimen characteristics and portable X-ray fluorescence analyses. Microwear and protein residue analyses corroborate the use of one tool fragment for use on rabbit/hare or deer/elk. Implications of the several analyses are discussed and synthesized.
{"title":"The Parkhill Phase Middle Paleoindian Hipwater Site, Great Lakes, USA","authors":"W. Lovis, A. Arbogast, D. H. Carr, R. Donahue, K. Rademaker, K. McKeehan","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2022.2135478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2022.2135478","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Hipwater Locale is a small Parkhill Phase Middle Paleoindian (ca. 12,200–11,600 cal yr BP) assemblage from south central lower Michigan, recovered by the property owners and the lead author. Interdisciplinary analysis reveals that the locale is likely a short term but intensive discard location with an assemblage composed of unfinished and broken fluted and unfluted bifaces with almost no associated debitage. There is evidence for a hearth in the form of soil discoloration, fire-cracked rock, color and structural alteration of tool stone, and thermal fractures. Tool-stone sources are local Bayport chert as assessed through hand-specimen characteristics and portable X-ray fluorescence analyses. Microwear and protein residue analyses corroborate the use of one tool fragment for use on rabbit/hare or deer/elk. Implications of the several analyses are discussed and synthesized.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":"8 1","pages":"315 - 329"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46607626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2022.2137927
R. Fariña, P. Tambusso, Luciano Varela, Andrés Gascue, T. Stafford
ABSTRACT With the excuse of writing a critique to Domínguez-Rodrigo et al. (2021, duly replied here: Domínguez-Rodrigo & Baquedano, 2022), Holcomb et al. (this volume) intend to deny the proposal that the Arroyo del Vizcaíno (AdV, Fariña et al. 2014) is a site with evidence of human presence in South America before the LGM. Among the flaws of their critique, it must be mentioned that they decide to utterly ignore a few lines of evidence that sustain the questioned hypothesis (mortality profile of the individuals of the megafauna found there, representation of their anatomical regions, relative proportions of the Voorhies groups, etc.), state misled interpretation of the chronology and stratigraphy, refuse to accept the presence of human-modified lithics and show also non-acceptance of the conclusions of our thorough study of the key evidence, the cut-marks (Fariña et al. 2014, Fariña 2015, Domínguez-Rodrigo et al. 2021), based on a purported ideal of how a site should be researched, which leave aside those that point out at different conclusions from theirs.
摘要Holcomb等人（2021，此处正式回复：Domínguez-Rodrigo&Baquedano，2022）以对Domónguez Rodrigo等人（2021）撰写评论为借口，打算否认Arroyo del Vizcaíno（AdV，Fariña等人，2014）是一个在LGM之前就有人类存在于南美洲的遗址的说法。在他们批评的缺陷中，必须提到的是，他们决定完全忽略支持被质疑的假设的几条证据线（在那里发现的巨型动物个体的死亡率概况、解剖区域的代表性、沃里斯群的相对比例等）、国家对年表和地层学的误导性解释，拒绝接受人类改性锂的存在，也不接受我们对关键证据的彻底研究的结论，即切割痕迹（Fariña等人，2014年，Fariña 2015年，Domínguez-Rodrigo等人，2021），这是基于一个所谓的理想，即应该如何研究一个网站，而忽略了那些与他们得出不同结论的人。
{"title":"Hard Facts in an Imperfect Site: The Evidence of Human Presence in the Arroyo del Vizcaíno. Reply to Holcomb et al.","authors":"R. Fariña, P. Tambusso, Luciano Varela, Andrés Gascue, T. Stafford","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2022.2137927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2022.2137927","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT With the excuse of writing a critique to Domínguez-Rodrigo et al. (2021, duly replied here: Domínguez-Rodrigo & Baquedano, 2022), Holcomb et al. (this volume) intend to deny the proposal that the Arroyo del Vizcaíno (AdV, Fariña et al. 2014) is a site with evidence of human presence in South America before the LGM. Among the flaws of their critique, it must be mentioned that they decide to utterly ignore a few lines of evidence that sustain the questioned hypothesis (mortality profile of the individuals of the megafauna found there, representation of their anatomical regions, relative proportions of the Voorhies groups, etc.), state misled interpretation of the chronology and stratigraphy, refuse to accept the presence of human-modified lithics and show also non-acceptance of the conclusions of our thorough study of the key evidence, the cut-marks (Fariña et al. 2014, Fariña 2015, Domínguez-Rodrigo et al. 2021), based on a purported ideal of how a site should be researched, which leave aside those that point out at different conclusions from theirs.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":"8 1","pages":"307 - 314"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42974074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2022.2137926
M. Domínguez‐Rodrigo, E. Baquedano
ABSTRACT Early human presence in America still is a contentious issue in Anthropology. Recent evaluation of bone surface modifications on remains of Lestodon in the 30,000 year-old Arroyo del Vizcaíno (ADV) site (Uruguay) by objective computer vision methods have been contested on non-taphonomic grounds, by criticizing the algorithms used to interpret them. Here, we respond to these criticisms emphasizing that: a) the models used are experimentally and computationally solid, b) criticism of our machine learning approach is unfounded, c) these models provide the best objective evidence to the potential presence of anthropogenic agency in the ADV site by not being able to differentiate some of the ADV marks from experimentally-made stone tool cut marks, and d) ADV is palimpsestic and its formation history has to be determined by future taphonomic research.
摘要早期人类在美国的存在仍然是人类学中一个有争议的问题。最近，通过客观的计算机视觉方法对有30000年历史的Arroyo del Vizcaíno（ADV）遗址（乌拉圭）的Lestodon遗骸的骨表面修饰进行了评估，但由于批评了用于解释这些表面修饰的算法，这一评估在非考古方面存在争议。在这里，我们回应了这些批评，强调：a）所使用的模型在实验和计算上都是可靠的，b）对我们的机器学习方法的批评是没有根据的，c）这些模型提供了最佳的客观证据，证明ADV遗址中可能存在人为活动，因为它们无法将一些ADV标记与实验制作的石器切割标记区分开来，并且d）ADV是重写的，其形成历史必须由未来的考古研究来确定。
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