Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2023.2282316
J. Holcomb, Katelyn N. McDonough, Richard L. Rosencrance, L. Shillito, Dennis L. Jenkins
ABSTRACT The Younger Dryas chronozone is an abrupt climate event terminating the last glacial period ∼12,900–11,700 calendar years ago marked by rapid changes in regional human, floral, and faunal population dynamics across the globe. Working at Connley Cave 5 in the Fort Rock Basin, Oregon, we demonstrate that this cold event generated microscopic cryogenic features (frost action) which can be used to identify the presence of the Younger Dryas in the northern Great Basin, shed light on paleoenvironmental conditions, and inform archaeologists about site formation processes occurring across the Late Pleistocene to Early Holocene transition. These data inform us about cryoturbation at Connley Caves and have implications for Younger Dryas-aged archaeological sites preserved throughout the Great Basin.
ABSTRACT The Younger Dryas chronozone is an abrupt climate event terminating the last glacial period ∼12,900-11,700 calendar years ago marked by rapid changes in regional human, floral, and faunal population dynamics across the globe.我们在俄勒冈州石堡盆地的 Connley 5 号洞穴工作，证明了这一寒冷事件产生的微观低温特征（霜冻作用）可用于确定大盆地北部是否存在小干世，揭示古环境条件，并向考古学家介绍晚更新世向全新世早期过渡时期的遗址形成过程。这些数据让我们了解了康尼利石窟的低温扰动，并对保存在整个大盆地的年轻旱期考古遗址产生了影响。
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Pub Date : 2023-09-14DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2023.2254131
Rafael Curtoni, Guillermo Heider, Augusto Oliván, María Clara Álvarez, Ivana Ozán, Julián Tobal, Mariángeles Borgo, Alfonsina Tripaldi
ABSTRACTWe present new chronological data for the southernmost sector of the Eastern Sierras Pampeanas system of central Argentina. Recent excavations at the Cueva Los Bancos site in Sierra del Morro hill provided a date of ca. 9400 calendar years ago. This is the earliest absolute chronology of this sector, considered an ecotone between mountains and plains. Data provided will allow us to include this site in the discussion of the initial peopling of the region.KEYWORDS: Early Holoceneinitial peoplingecotone landscapeSierras PampeanasSierra del Morro AcknowledgementsThe authors thank the Fernández family for allowing them to enter their property; to Walter Muñoz for guiding them through the landscape; and to Pipera, Dante, Agustín, Eimi, Sol, Valentín and Emilia for collaborating during fieldwork. Also thanks to Gustavo Politis and Laprei (Pretreatment Laboratory for isotopic samples) for managing radiocarbon analyses; to the authorities of the province of San Luis and San José del Morro locality for allowing us to investigate; and to INCUAPA-CONICET for supporting the research and laboratory studies.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the National Agency for Scientific and Technological Research under Grant PICT 2019-03515.Notes on contributorsRafael CurtoniRafael Curtoni is a researcher for the Argentine National Research Council (CONICET). He obtained his degree at the National University of Buenos Aires and his PhD from the National University of La Plata, Argentina. He also has a MA degree from Institute of Archaeology, University College London. He carries out anthropological and archaeological research in the provinces of La Pampa and San Luis from the perspective of landscape anthropology.Guillermo HeiderGuillermo Heider is a researcher for the Argentine National Research Council (CONICET), and he obtained his degree and PhD from the National University of Córdoba, Argentina. His research interests are lithic technology and human adaptation to arid and semiarid environments through time.Augusto OlivánAugusto Oliván, is a doctoral fellow of the Argentine National Research Council (CONICET), and he obtained his degree at the National University of the Centre of Buenos Aires province, Argentina. He is researching the rock art of the province of San Luis from landscape archaeology and archaeoastronomy.María Clara ÁlvarezMaría Clara Álvarez is a researcher for the Argentine National Research Council (CONICET), and she obtained her degree and PhD from the National University of the Centre of Buenos Aires province. Argentina. Her research focuses on the subsistence of human groups in the past, bone technology, and taphonomic studies.Ivana OzánIvana Ozán is a researcher for the Argentine National Research Council (CONICET), and she obtained her degree of Anthropology and PhD of Archaeology at the University of Buenos Aires, Argentina. She work
摘要:我们提出了阿根廷中部东部山脉系统最南端的新年代学数据。最近在Sierra del Morro山的Cueva Los Bancos遗址的挖掘提供了大约9400日历年前的日期。这是该地区最早的绝对年表，被认为是山脉和平原之间的过渡带。所提供的数据将使我们能够将该地点纳入对该地区最初人口的讨论。关键词:全新世早期人类早期迁移过渡带景观ierras pampeanasassierra del Morro致谢作者感谢Fernández家族允许他们进入他们的财产;沃尔特Muñoz引导他们穿越风景;以及Pipera, Dante, Agustín, Eimi, Sol, Valentín和Emilia在野外工作中的合作。还要感谢Gustavo Politis和Laprei(同位素样品预处理实验室)对放射性碳分析的管理;感谢圣路易斯省和圣何塞德尔莫罗地方当局允许我们进行调查;以及INCUAPA-CONICET对研究和实验室研究的支持。披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。本研究得到了国家科学技术研究局PICT 2019-03515拨款的支持。作者简介:irafel Curtoni是阿根廷国家研究委员会(CONICET)的研究员。他在布宜诺斯艾利斯国立大学获得学位，在阿根廷拉普拉塔国立大学获得博士学位。他还拥有伦敦大学学院考古研究所的硕士学位。他从景观人类学的角度在拉潘帕省和圣路易斯省开展人类学和考古学研究。Guillermo Heider，阿根廷国家研究委员会(CONICET)研究员，获得阿根廷国立大学Córdoba学位和博士学位。他的研究兴趣是石器技术和人类对干旱和半干旱环境的适应。奥古斯托OlivánAugusto Oliván，阿根廷国家研究委员会(CONICET)博士研究员，毕业于阿根廷布宜诺斯艾利斯省中心国立大学。他正在从景观考古学和考古天文学的角度研究圣路易斯省的岩石艺术。María Clara ÁlvarezMaría Clara Álvarez是阿根廷国家研究委员会(CONICET)的研究员，她在布宜诺斯艾利斯省中心国立大学获得学位和博士学位。阿根廷。她的研究主要集中在过去人类群体的生存、骨骼技术和埋藏学研究。Ivana OzánIvana Ozán是阿根廷国家研究委员会(CONICET)的研究员，她在阿根廷布宜诺斯艾利斯大学获得人类学学位和考古学博士学位。她利用土壤和地球科学研究过去人类与环境的相互作用。她专门研究洞穴考古背景和岩石艺术绘画考古。Julián TobalJulián Tobal是阿根廷布宜诺斯艾利斯国立大学地球科学专业的一名学生。他正在进行关于洞穴考古背景下的沉积学和地貌学的本科论文。他对环境研究和气候社会话题感兴趣。Mariángeles BorgoMariángeles Borgo是阿根廷国家研究委员会(CONICET)的研究员，她在阿根廷布宜诺斯艾利斯省中心国立大学获得学位和博士学位。她分析了圣路易斯省狩猎采集者群体的技术组织。Alfonsina Tripaldi是阿根廷国家研究委员会(CONICET)的研究员，她在阿根廷布宜诺斯艾利斯国立大学获得地质学学位和地质学博士学位。她主要在旱地研究晚第四纪的景观演变，运用地貌学和沉积学，并与古生态学家和考古学家合作，探索过去人类与环境的相互作用。
{"title":"Cueva Los Bancos, A New Archaeological Site with Early Occupations in the Southernmost Sector of the Eastern Sierras Pampeanas of Argentina","authors":"Rafael Curtoni, Guillermo Heider, Augusto Oliván, María Clara Álvarez, Ivana Ozán, Julián Tobal, Mariángeles Borgo, Alfonsina Tripaldi","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2023.2254131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2023.2254131","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTWe present new chronological data for the southernmost sector of the Eastern Sierras Pampeanas system of central Argentina. Recent excavations at the Cueva Los Bancos site in Sierra del Morro hill provided a date of ca. 9400 calendar years ago. This is the earliest absolute chronology of this sector, considered an ecotone between mountains and plains. Data provided will allow us to include this site in the discussion of the initial peopling of the region.KEYWORDS: Early Holoceneinitial peoplingecotone landscapeSierras PampeanasSierra del Morro AcknowledgementsThe authors thank the Fernández family for allowing them to enter their property; to Walter Muñoz for guiding them through the landscape; and to Pipera, Dante, Agustín, Eimi, Sol, Valentín and Emilia for collaborating during fieldwork. Also thanks to Gustavo Politis and Laprei (Pretreatment Laboratory for isotopic samples) for managing radiocarbon analyses; to the authorities of the province of San Luis and San José del Morro locality for allowing us to investigate; and to INCUAPA-CONICET for supporting the research and laboratory studies.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the National Agency for Scientific and Technological Research under Grant PICT 2019-03515.Notes on contributorsRafael CurtoniRafael Curtoni is a researcher for the Argentine National Research Council (CONICET). He obtained his degree at the National University of Buenos Aires and his PhD from the National University of La Plata, Argentina. He also has a MA degree from Institute of Archaeology, University College London. He carries out anthropological and archaeological research in the provinces of La Pampa and San Luis from the perspective of landscape anthropology.Guillermo HeiderGuillermo Heider is a researcher for the Argentine National Research Council (CONICET), and he obtained his degree and PhD from the National University of Córdoba, Argentina. His research interests are lithic technology and human adaptation to arid and semiarid environments through time.Augusto OlivánAugusto Oliván, is a doctoral fellow of the Argentine National Research Council (CONICET), and he obtained his degree at the National University of the Centre of Buenos Aires province, Argentina. He is researching the rock art of the province of San Luis from landscape archaeology and archaeoastronomy.María Clara ÁlvarezMaría Clara Álvarez is a researcher for the Argentine National Research Council (CONICET), and she obtained her degree and PhD from the National University of the Centre of Buenos Aires province. Argentina. Her research focuses on the subsistence of human groups in the past, bone technology, and taphonomic studies.Ivana OzánIvana Ozán is a researcher for the Argentine National Research Council (CONICET), and she obtained her degree of Anthropology and PhD of Archaeology at the University of Buenos Aires, Argentina. She work","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134969929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-25DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2023.2245191
Sarah A. Allaun, Todd A. Surovell, C. Vance Haynes, Spencer R. Pelton, M. Mackie, R. L. Kelly, M. O'brien, P. Sanders, J. Capriles, S. Mahan
ABSTRACT The La Prele Mammoth site (48CO1401), located in Converse County, Wyoming, contains a Clovis-age occupation associated with the remains of a subadult mammoth (Mammuthus columbi). In this paper, we present the geochronological and geoarchaeological context of the site. The La Prele Mammoth site is buried in an alluvial terrace of La Prele Creek, a tributary of the North Platte River, which acts as an important migration corridor through the Rocky Mountains. Archaeological remains, buried by a series of flood deposits, occur within or below a well-developed buried A horizon, referred to as the Mammoth Soil. Bioturbation of the site has resulted in vertical artifact movement, though peaks in artifact density are evident in vertical artifact distributions and likely represent the occupation surface. Radiocarbon dating of this occupation, including several new dates, suggests an age of 12,941 ± 56 calendar years ago (cal yr BP).
{"title":"The Geochronological and Geoarchaeological Context of the Clovis-Age La Prele Mammoth Site (48CO1401), Converse County, Wyoming","authors":"Sarah A. Allaun, Todd A. Surovell, C. Vance Haynes, Spencer R. Pelton, M. Mackie, R. L. Kelly, M. O'brien, P. Sanders, J. Capriles, S. Mahan","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2023.2245191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2023.2245191","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The La Prele Mammoth site (48CO1401), located in Converse County, Wyoming, contains a Clovis-age occupation associated with the remains of a subadult mammoth (Mammuthus columbi). In this paper, we present the geochronological and geoarchaeological context of the site. The La Prele Mammoth site is buried in an alluvial terrace of La Prele Creek, a tributary of the North Platte River, which acts as an important migration corridor through the Rocky Mountains. Archaeological remains, buried by a series of flood deposits, occur within or below a well-developed buried A horizon, referred to as the Mammoth Soil. Bioturbation of the site has resulted in vertical artifact movement, though peaks in artifact density are evident in vertical artifact distributions and likely represent the occupation surface. Radiocarbon dating of this occupation, including several new dates, suggests an age of 12,941 ± 56 calendar years ago (cal yr BP).","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47781465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-10DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2023.2243133
Todd J. Kristensen, Timothy E. Allan, J. Ives, R. Woywitka, G. Yanicki, J. Rasic
ABSTRACT We utilize pXRF to source the oldest obsidian artifacts in Alberta, Canada. The province lacks obsidian outcrops and hosts much of the late Pleistocene Ice-Free Corridor, the northern and southern ends of which are in proximity to obsidian outcrops in Yukon, Alaska, Idaho, and Wyoming. The early presence of these obsidians in Alberta informs models of human dispersion. Results point to an early establishment of relationships in the central Ice-Free Corridor that reached into Oregon, Idaho, and Alaska. Alberta appears to have been entered by people from the south who had ties to the Pacific Northwest and Intermountain West. After biotic viability of a full Corridor, limited evidence suggests that northern people from Beringia may have trickled south and admixed with southern populations in the central Corridor region. Upon deglaciation of access routes through the Rocky Mountains, obsidian from western sources in British Columbia arrived relatively quickly in northern Alberta.
{"title":"Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene Obsidian in Alberta and Human Dispersal into North America’s Ice-Free Corridor","authors":"Todd J. Kristensen, Timothy E. Allan, J. Ives, R. Woywitka, G. Yanicki, J. Rasic","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2023.2243133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2023.2243133","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We utilize pXRF to source the oldest obsidian artifacts in Alberta, Canada. The province lacks obsidian outcrops and hosts much of the late Pleistocene Ice-Free Corridor, the northern and southern ends of which are in proximity to obsidian outcrops in Yukon, Alaska, Idaho, and Wyoming. The early presence of these obsidians in Alberta informs models of human dispersion. Results point to an early establishment of relationships in the central Ice-Free Corridor that reached into Oregon, Idaho, and Alaska. Alberta appears to have been entered by people from the south who had ties to the Pacific Northwest and Intermountain West. After biotic viability of a full Corridor, limited evidence suggests that northern people from Beringia may have trickled south and admixed with southern populations in the central Corridor region. Upon deglaciation of access routes through the Rocky Mountains, obsidian from western sources in British Columbia arrived relatively quickly in northern Alberta.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49411479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2023.2278948
Ruth Gruhn
ABSTRACT A currently popular model of the initial settlement of the Americas proposes a very rapid occupation of both continents beginning with the initial entry in early postglacial times. Considering the ethnographic record of small-group hunter-gatherer adaptive skill and social networking, I argue that the peopling of the two immense and diverse continents must have been a slow process of local adaptation, and initial entry must have begun before the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). After the LGM, the early populations that already had occupied both continents in low density expanded rapidly in the improved postglacial climatic conditions, with the resulting increase in archaeological sites creating the illusion of late and rapid peopling. Presently known pre-LGM archaeological sites are summarized, and discovery of more sites is to be expected.
{"title":"An Anthropological Conception of the Initial Peopling of the Americas","authors":"Ruth Gruhn","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2023.2278948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2023.2278948","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A currently popular model of the initial settlement of the Americas proposes a very rapid occupation of both continents beginning with the initial entry in early postglacial times. Considering the ethnographic record of small-group hunter-gatherer adaptive skill and social networking, I argue that the peopling of the two immense and diverse continents must have been a slow process of local adaptation, and initial entry must have begun before the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). After the LGM, the early populations that already had occupied both continents in low density expanded rapidly in the improved postglacial climatic conditions, with the resulting increase in archaeological sites creating the illusion of late and rapid peopling. Presently known pre-LGM archaeological sites are summarized, and discovery of more sites is to be expected.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139364046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2023.2236889
T. Dillehay
ABSTRACT In 1989, a radiocarbon date for the La Moderna site in Argentina was erroneously published as an assay for the Monte Verde II site in Chile. This error is corrected here.
{"title":"Correction for a Monte Verde II Radiocarbon Date","authors":"T. Dillehay","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2023.2236889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2023.2236889","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In 1989, a radiocarbon date for the La Moderna site in Argentina was erroneously published as an assay for the Monte Verde II site in Chile. This error is corrected here.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49104507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2023.2236418
J. Moreno
ABSTRACT In recent years, Paleoamerican sites from central São Paulo state (Brazil) have been associated with a lithic industry known as Rioclarense, but only due the presence of stemmed points and lesmas. Although a few studies on a few sites have been previously presented regarding chronology, formation processes and technology of the lithic points, the complete technological study of the industry was still lacking. This study objective is to present a definition of the Rioclarense Culture. Known (so far) only by its lithic industry, it can be identified by the presence of the Rioclarense-type points and/or lesmas, and/or flakes, preforms and other tools with specific technological features. This article includes a short review on the Rioclarense Culture and ‘Umbu Tradition’ definitions and the first technological description of all classes of lithic materials of two Rioclarense-associated sites dating to the Early and Middle Holocene: Caetetuba and Alice Boer.
近年来，在巴西中部的圣保罗州(o Paulo state)发现的古美洲遗址与一个被称为Rioclarense的石器工业联系在一起，但这仅仅是因为存在茎尖和棱体。虽然之前已经对一些地点进行了一些关于岩屑点的年代学、形成过程和技术的研究，但对该行业的完整技术研究仍然缺乏。本研究的目的是提出Rioclarense文化的定义。到目前为止，人们只知道它的石制工业，它可以通过rioclarenes型的点和/或lesmas，和/或薄片，预制体和其他具有特定技术特征的工具来识别。本文简要回顾了Rioclarense文化和“Umbu传统”的定义，并首次对两个Rioclarense相关遗址的所有类别的石器材料进行了技术描述，这些遗址可追溯到全新世早期和中期:Caetetuba和Alice Boer。
{"title":"Rioclarense Culture Definition, Lithic Technology, and the Case of the Alice Boer and Caetetuba Sites (São Paulo State, Brazil)","authors":"J. Moreno","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2023.2236418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2023.2236418","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In recent years, Paleoamerican sites from central São Paulo state (Brazil) have been associated with a lithic industry known as Rioclarense, but only due the presence of stemmed points and lesmas. Although a few studies on a few sites have been previously presented regarding chronology, formation processes and technology of the lithic points, the complete technological study of the industry was still lacking. This study objective is to present a definition of the Rioclarense Culture. Known (so far) only by its lithic industry, it can be identified by the presence of the Rioclarense-type points and/or lesmas, and/or flakes, preforms and other tools with specific technological features. This article includes a short review on the Rioclarense Culture and ‘Umbu Tradition’ definitions and the first technological description of all classes of lithic materials of two Rioclarense-associated sites dating to the Early and Middle Holocene: Caetetuba and Alice Boer.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43898196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2023.2236890
Marcelo Cardillo, J. Charlin, J. E. Moreno
ABSTRACT We report the first results of a shooting experiment performed with lithic point replicas of Fishtail points hafted as darts pursuing the aim to estimate the points’ use-lives and related size changes using survival and risk models. A total of 555 successful shots were done, ranging from one to 146 shots and from zero to four resharpenings. The obtained results suggest that Fishtail points have a long use life, with a median of 15 shots and most of them withstanding between three and four resharpenings. Survival and risk models note that point survival is significantly correlated to maximum point width and stem neck width. This opens new questions about longevity and survival probability of Fishtail points, offering empirical information to evaluate hunting strategies and comparative advantages in the use of different point technologies in the prehistory of southern Patagonia.
{"title":"Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene Fishtail Points from Southernmost Patagonia (South America): An Estimation of Use-Life Using Experimental Data and Survival Curve Models","authors":"Marcelo Cardillo, J. Charlin, J. E. Moreno","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2023.2236890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2023.2236890","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We report the first results of a shooting experiment performed with lithic point replicas of Fishtail points hafted as darts pursuing the aim to estimate the points’ use-lives and related size changes using survival and risk models. A total of 555 successful shots were done, ranging from one to 146 shots and from zero to four resharpenings. The obtained results suggest that Fishtail points have a long use life, with a median of 15 shots and most of them withstanding between three and four resharpenings. Survival and risk models note that point survival is significantly correlated to maximum point width and stem neck width. This opens new questions about longevity and survival probability of Fishtail points, offering empirical information to evaluate hunting strategies and comparative advantages in the use of different point technologies in the prehistory of southern Patagonia.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42584411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2023.2234740
J. Feathers
ABSTRACT Two major criteria for judging the validity of claims for early settlement of the Americas are solid dating by radiometric methods and evidence of stratigraphic integrity. Luminescence dating can provide information on both, not only producing a date but evaluating stratigraphic integrity by means of single-grain dating. Because of these qualities, luminescence has been applied to a large number of early sites. This paper reviews these applications, both for sites in which stratigraphic integrity has been shown and for sites where it has not. Two recent applications, at Parson’s Island in Maryland and at Bastos in Brazil, suggest settlement may have been as early as the Last Glacial Maximum.
{"title":"The Contributions of Luminescence Dating of Sediments to Understanding the First Settlement of the Americas","authors":"J. Feathers","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2023.2234740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2023.2234740","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Two major criteria for judging the validity of claims for early settlement of the Americas are solid dating by radiometric methods and evidence of stratigraphic integrity. Luminescence dating can provide information on both, not only producing a date but evaluating stratigraphic integrity by means of single-grain dating. Because of these qualities, luminescence has been applied to a large number of early sites. This paper reviews these applications, both for sites in which stratigraphic integrity has been shown and for sites where it has not. Two recent applications, at Parson’s Island in Maryland and at Bastos in Brazil, suggest settlement may have been as early as the Last Glacial Maximum.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46145573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2023.2234739
P. Allgaier, B. Codding
ABSTRACT Researchers propose that early Great Basin occupants preferentially settled near pluvial lakes to exploit highly profitable wetland habitats. Here we offer a preliminary systematic evaluation of this Pluvial Lake Hypothesis by testing two predictions from an ideal free distribution (IFD) model using a comprehensive database of radiocarbon-dated archaeological sites relative to reconstructed lake extent. We find that Paleoindian (> 8000 calendar years ago) settlements are significantly closer to wetlands than random across the Great Basin. However, when broken out by subregion (western, central, and eastern), the trend only holds for the western basin, likely because wetlands are so abundant in the central and eastern subregions that even random settlements fall within a 10-km foraging radius. The eastern subregion is the most suitable, having the lowest average distance to wetland habitats, and is the earliest occupied, which supports IFD predictions. This general pattern may help explain Paleoindian settlement patterns more broadly.
{"title":"Paleoindian Settlement Decisions in the Great Basin: A Test of the Pluvial Lake Hypothesis with the Ideal Free Distribution Model","authors":"P. Allgaier, B. Codding","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2023.2234739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2023.2234739","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Researchers propose that early Great Basin occupants preferentially settled near pluvial lakes to exploit highly profitable wetland habitats. Here we offer a preliminary systematic evaluation of this Pluvial Lake Hypothesis by testing two predictions from an ideal free distribution (IFD) model using a comprehensive database of radiocarbon-dated archaeological sites relative to reconstructed lake extent. We find that Paleoindian (> 8000 calendar years ago) settlements are significantly closer to wetlands than random across the Great Basin. However, when broken out by subregion (western, central, and eastern), the trend only holds for the western basin, likely because wetlands are so abundant in the central and eastern subregions that even random settlements fall within a 10-km foraging radius. The eastern subregion is the most suitable, having the lowest average distance to wetland habitats, and is the earliest occupied, which supports IFD predictions. This general pattern may help explain Paleoindian settlement patterns more broadly.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45445438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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