Pub Date : 2023-08-25DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2023.2245191
Sarah A. Allaun, Todd A. Surovell, C. Vance Haynes, Spencer R. Pelton, M. Mackie, R. L. Kelly, M. O'brien, P. Sanders, J. Capriles, S. Mahan
ABSTRACT The La Prele Mammoth site (48CO1401), located in Converse County, Wyoming, contains a Clovis-age occupation associated with the remains of a subadult mammoth (Mammuthus columbi). In this paper, we present the geochronological and geoarchaeological context of the site. The La Prele Mammoth site is buried in an alluvial terrace of La Prele Creek, a tributary of the North Platte River, which acts as an important migration corridor through the Rocky Mountains. Archaeological remains, buried by a series of flood deposits, occur within or below a well-developed buried A horizon, referred to as the Mammoth Soil. Bioturbation of the site has resulted in vertical artifact movement, though peaks in artifact density are evident in vertical artifact distributions and likely represent the occupation surface. Radiocarbon dating of this occupation, including several new dates, suggests an age of 12,941 ± 56 calendar years ago (cal yr BP).
{"title":"The Geochronological and Geoarchaeological Context of the Clovis-Age La Prele Mammoth Site (48CO1401), Converse County, Wyoming","authors":"Sarah A. Allaun, Todd A. Surovell, C. Vance Haynes, Spencer R. Pelton, M. Mackie, R. L. Kelly, M. O'brien, P. Sanders, J. Capriles, S. Mahan","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2023.2245191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2023.2245191","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The La Prele Mammoth site (48CO1401), located in Converse County, Wyoming, contains a Clovis-age occupation associated with the remains of a subadult mammoth (Mammuthus columbi). In this paper, we present the geochronological and geoarchaeological context of the site. The La Prele Mammoth site is buried in an alluvial terrace of La Prele Creek, a tributary of the North Platte River, which acts as an important migration corridor through the Rocky Mountains. Archaeological remains, buried by a series of flood deposits, occur within or below a well-developed buried A horizon, referred to as the Mammoth Soil. Bioturbation of the site has resulted in vertical artifact movement, though peaks in artifact density are evident in vertical artifact distributions and likely represent the occupation surface. Radiocarbon dating of this occupation, including several new dates, suggests an age of 12,941 ± 56 calendar years ago (cal yr BP).","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47781465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-10DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2023.2243133
Todd J. Kristensen, Timothy E. Allan, J. Ives, R. Woywitka, G. Yanicki, J. Rasic
ABSTRACT We utilize pXRF to source the oldest obsidian artifacts in Alberta, Canada. The province lacks obsidian outcrops and hosts much of the late Pleistocene Ice-Free Corridor, the northern and southern ends of which are in proximity to obsidian outcrops in Yukon, Alaska, Idaho, and Wyoming. The early presence of these obsidians in Alberta informs models of human dispersion. Results point to an early establishment of relationships in the central Ice-Free Corridor that reached into Oregon, Idaho, and Alaska. Alberta appears to have been entered by people from the south who had ties to the Pacific Northwest and Intermountain West. After biotic viability of a full Corridor, limited evidence suggests that northern people from Beringia may have trickled south and admixed with southern populations in the central Corridor region. Upon deglaciation of access routes through the Rocky Mountains, obsidian from western sources in British Columbia arrived relatively quickly in northern Alberta.
{"title":"Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene Obsidian in Alberta and Human Dispersal into North America’s Ice-Free Corridor","authors":"Todd J. Kristensen, Timothy E. Allan, J. Ives, R. Woywitka, G. Yanicki, J. Rasic","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2023.2243133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2023.2243133","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We utilize pXRF to source the oldest obsidian artifacts in Alberta, Canada. The province lacks obsidian outcrops and hosts much of the late Pleistocene Ice-Free Corridor, the northern and southern ends of which are in proximity to obsidian outcrops in Yukon, Alaska, Idaho, and Wyoming. The early presence of these obsidians in Alberta informs models of human dispersion. Results point to an early establishment of relationships in the central Ice-Free Corridor that reached into Oregon, Idaho, and Alaska. Alberta appears to have been entered by people from the south who had ties to the Pacific Northwest and Intermountain West. After biotic viability of a full Corridor, limited evidence suggests that northern people from Beringia may have trickled south and admixed with southern populations in the central Corridor region. Upon deglaciation of access routes through the Rocky Mountains, obsidian from western sources in British Columbia arrived relatively quickly in northern Alberta.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49411479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2023.2278948
Ruth Gruhn
ABSTRACT A currently popular model of the initial settlement of the Americas proposes a very rapid occupation of both continents beginning with the initial entry in early postglacial times. Considering the ethnographic record of small-group hunter-gatherer adaptive skill and social networking, I argue that the peopling of the two immense and diverse continents must have been a slow process of local adaptation, and initial entry must have begun before the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). After the LGM, the early populations that already had occupied both continents in low density expanded rapidly in the improved postglacial climatic conditions, with the resulting increase in archaeological sites creating the illusion of late and rapid peopling. Presently known pre-LGM archaeological sites are summarized, and discovery of more sites is to be expected.
{"title":"An Anthropological Conception of the Initial Peopling of the Americas","authors":"Ruth Gruhn","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2023.2278948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2023.2278948","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A currently popular model of the initial settlement of the Americas proposes a very rapid occupation of both continents beginning with the initial entry in early postglacial times. Considering the ethnographic record of small-group hunter-gatherer adaptive skill and social networking, I argue that the peopling of the two immense and diverse continents must have been a slow process of local adaptation, and initial entry must have begun before the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). After the LGM, the early populations that already had occupied both continents in low density expanded rapidly in the improved postglacial climatic conditions, with the resulting increase in archaeological sites creating the illusion of late and rapid peopling. Presently known pre-LGM archaeological sites are summarized, and discovery of more sites is to be expected.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":"1 1","pages":"167 - 173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139364046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2023.2236889
T. Dillehay
ABSTRACT In 1989, a radiocarbon date for the La Moderna site in Argentina was erroneously published as an assay for the Monte Verde II site in Chile. This error is corrected here.
{"title":"Correction for a Monte Verde II Radiocarbon Date","authors":"T. Dillehay","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2023.2236889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2023.2236889","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In 1989, a radiocarbon date for the La Moderna site in Argentina was erroneously published as an assay for the Monte Verde II site in Chile. This error is corrected here.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":"9 1","pages":"165 - 166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49104507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2023.2236418
J. Moreno
ABSTRACT In recent years, Paleoamerican sites from central São Paulo state (Brazil) have been associated with a lithic industry known as Rioclarense, but only due the presence of stemmed points and lesmas. Although a few studies on a few sites have been previously presented regarding chronology, formation processes and technology of the lithic points, the complete technological study of the industry was still lacking. This study objective is to present a definition of the Rioclarense Culture. Known (so far) only by its lithic industry, it can be identified by the presence of the Rioclarense-type points and/or lesmas, and/or flakes, preforms and other tools with specific technological features. This article includes a short review on the Rioclarense Culture and ‘Umbu Tradition’ definitions and the first technological description of all classes of lithic materials of two Rioclarense-associated sites dating to the Early and Middle Holocene: Caetetuba and Alice Boer.
近年来，在巴西中部的圣保罗州(o Paulo state)发现的古美洲遗址与一个被称为Rioclarense的石器工业联系在一起，但这仅仅是因为存在茎尖和棱体。虽然之前已经对一些地点进行了一些关于岩屑点的年代学、形成过程和技术的研究，但对该行业的完整技术研究仍然缺乏。本研究的目的是提出Rioclarense文化的定义。到目前为止，人们只知道它的石制工业，它可以通过rioclarenes型的点和/或lesmas，和/或薄片，预制体和其他具有特定技术特征的工具来识别。本文简要回顾了Rioclarense文化和“Umbu传统”的定义，并首次对两个Rioclarense相关遗址的所有类别的石器材料进行了技术描述，这些遗址可追溯到全新世早期和中期:Caetetuba和Alice Boer。
{"title":"Rioclarense Culture Definition, Lithic Technology, and the Case of the Alice Boer and Caetetuba Sites (São Paulo State, Brazil)","authors":"J. Moreno","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2023.2236418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2023.2236418","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In recent years, Paleoamerican sites from central São Paulo state (Brazil) have been associated with a lithic industry known as Rioclarense, but only due the presence of stemmed points and lesmas. Although a few studies on a few sites have been previously presented regarding chronology, formation processes and technology of the lithic points, the complete technological study of the industry was still lacking. This study objective is to present a definition of the Rioclarense Culture. Known (so far) only by its lithic industry, it can be identified by the presence of the Rioclarense-type points and/or lesmas, and/or flakes, preforms and other tools with specific technological features. This article includes a short review on the Rioclarense Culture and ‘Umbu Tradition’ definitions and the first technological description of all classes of lithic materials of two Rioclarense-associated sites dating to the Early and Middle Holocene: Caetetuba and Alice Boer.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":"9 1","pages":"115 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43898196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2023.2236890
Marcelo Cardillo, J. Charlin, J. E. Moreno
ABSTRACT We report the first results of a shooting experiment performed with lithic point replicas of Fishtail points hafted as darts pursuing the aim to estimate the points’ use-lives and related size changes using survival and risk models. A total of 555 successful shots were done, ranging from one to 146 shots and from zero to four resharpenings. The obtained results suggest that Fishtail points have a long use life, with a median of 15 shots and most of them withstanding between three and four resharpenings. Survival and risk models note that point survival is significantly correlated to maximum point width and stem neck width. This opens new questions about longevity and survival probability of Fishtail points, offering empirical information to evaluate hunting strategies and comparative advantages in the use of different point technologies in the prehistory of southern Patagonia.
{"title":"Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene Fishtail Points from Southernmost Patagonia (South America): An Estimation of Use-Life Using Experimental Data and Survival Curve Models","authors":"Marcelo Cardillo, J. Charlin, J. E. Moreno","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2023.2236890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2023.2236890","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We report the first results of a shooting experiment performed with lithic point replicas of Fishtail points hafted as darts pursuing the aim to estimate the points’ use-lives and related size changes using survival and risk models. A total of 555 successful shots were done, ranging from one to 146 shots and from zero to four resharpenings. The obtained results suggest that Fishtail points have a long use life, with a median of 15 shots and most of them withstanding between three and four resharpenings. Survival and risk models note that point survival is significantly correlated to maximum point width and stem neck width. This opens new questions about longevity and survival probability of Fishtail points, offering empirical information to evaluate hunting strategies and comparative advantages in the use of different point technologies in the prehistory of southern Patagonia.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":"9 1","pages":"148 - 164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42584411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2023.2234740
J. Feathers
ABSTRACT Two major criteria for judging the validity of claims for early settlement of the Americas are solid dating by radiometric methods and evidence of stratigraphic integrity. Luminescence dating can provide information on both, not only producing a date but evaluating stratigraphic integrity by means of single-grain dating. Because of these qualities, luminescence has been applied to a large number of early sites. This paper reviews these applications, both for sites in which stratigraphic integrity has been shown and for sites where it has not. Two recent applications, at Parson’s Island in Maryland and at Bastos in Brazil, suggest settlement may have been as early as the Last Glacial Maximum.
{"title":"The Contributions of Luminescence Dating of Sediments to Understanding the First Settlement of the Americas","authors":"J. Feathers","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2023.2234740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2023.2234740","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Two major criteria for judging the validity of claims for early settlement of the Americas are solid dating by radiometric methods and evidence of stratigraphic integrity. Luminescence dating can provide information on both, not only producing a date but evaluating stratigraphic integrity by means of single-grain dating. Because of these qualities, luminescence has been applied to a large number of early sites. This paper reviews these applications, both for sites in which stratigraphic integrity has been shown and for sites where it has not. Two recent applications, at Parson’s Island in Maryland and at Bastos in Brazil, suggest settlement may have been as early as the Last Glacial Maximum.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":"9 1","pages":"81 - 114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46145573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2023.2234739
P. Allgaier, B. Codding
ABSTRACT Researchers propose that early Great Basin occupants preferentially settled near pluvial lakes to exploit highly profitable wetland habitats. Here we offer a preliminary systematic evaluation of this Pluvial Lake Hypothesis by testing two predictions from an ideal free distribution (IFD) model using a comprehensive database of radiocarbon-dated archaeological sites relative to reconstructed lake extent. We find that Paleoindian (> 8000 calendar years ago) settlements are significantly closer to wetlands than random across the Great Basin. However, when broken out by subregion (western, central, and eastern), the trend only holds for the western basin, likely because wetlands are so abundant in the central and eastern subregions that even random settlements fall within a 10-km foraging radius. The eastern subregion is the most suitable, having the lowest average distance to wetland habitats, and is the earliest occupied, which supports IFD predictions. This general pattern may help explain Paleoindian settlement patterns more broadly.
{"title":"Paleoindian Settlement Decisions in the Great Basin: A Test of the Pluvial Lake Hypothesis with the Ideal Free Distribution Model","authors":"P. Allgaier, B. Codding","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2023.2234739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2023.2234739","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Researchers propose that early Great Basin occupants preferentially settled near pluvial lakes to exploit highly profitable wetland habitats. Here we offer a preliminary systematic evaluation of this Pluvial Lake Hypothesis by testing two predictions from an ideal free distribution (IFD) model using a comprehensive database of radiocarbon-dated archaeological sites relative to reconstructed lake extent. We find that Paleoindian (> 8000 calendar years ago) settlements are significantly closer to wetlands than random across the Great Basin. However, when broken out by subregion (western, central, and eastern), the trend only holds for the western basin, likely because wetlands are so abundant in the central and eastern subregions that even random settlements fall within a 10-km foraging radius. The eastern subregion is the most suitable, having the lowest average distance to wetland habitats, and is the earliest occupied, which supports IFD predictions. This general pattern may help explain Paleoindian settlement patterns more broadly.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":"9 1","pages":"135 - 147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45445438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2023.2174829
E. Chacón-Baca, K. Moreno, J. Sterli, K. Buldrini, Cesar Chacaltana Budiel, Javier Echevarría, Hermínio Ismael de Araújo Júnior, R. P. Ghilardi, L. Tejada-Medina, Daniel Zurita-Altamirano
ABSTRACT Academic journals have developed policies that globally regulate the specific protocols that must be followed when using sensitive medical, biological, chemical, and genetic data in research. Yet, paleontological material seems to be excluded. We performed a submission policy search to test the extent of this legal gap in light of colonialism. Results show that, even though most journals adhere to broad ethical guidelines, they do not systematically provide information regarding fossil permits and specifications on their collection and storage, as well as other relevant data (N = 108, > 80% in Asia and North America, > 65% in Europe and Latin America). This problem impacts educational, economical, and scientific development, perpetuates illegal trafficking, and boosts scientific colonialism. It is necessary to implement a mandatory policy for fossil handling, including ethical and legal management in the submission guidelines of journals, and to request that this information is included in materials and method sections.
{"title":"Perspective on the Role of Academic Journals on Scientific Colonialism in Paleontology","authors":"E. Chacón-Baca, K. Moreno, J. Sterli, K. Buldrini, Cesar Chacaltana Budiel, Javier Echevarría, Hermínio Ismael de Araújo Júnior, R. P. Ghilardi, L. Tejada-Medina, Daniel Zurita-Altamirano","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2023.2174829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2023.2174829","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Academic journals have developed policies that globally regulate the specific protocols that must be followed when using sensitive medical, biological, chemical, and genetic data in research. Yet, paleontological material seems to be excluded. We performed a submission policy search to test the extent of this legal gap in light of colonialism. Results show that, even though most journals adhere to broad ethical guidelines, they do not systematically provide information regarding fossil permits and specifications on their collection and storage, as well as other relevant data (N = 108, > 80% in Asia and North America, > 65% in Europe and Latin America). This problem impacts educational, economical, and scientific development, perpetuates illegal trafficking, and boosts scientific colonialism. It is necessary to implement a mandatory policy for fossil handling, including ethical and legal management in the submission guidelines of journals, and to request that this information is included in materials and method sections.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":"9 1","pages":"1 - 6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44806268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2022.2157930
David E. Leslie, G. L. Miller
ABSTRACT Objects of personal adornment and portable art are recognized from an increasing number of Paleoindian period sites across North America. Here we report a recently recovered perforated hornfels flake from the Brian D. Jones site in Connecticut’s Farmington River valley. Radiocarbon dates from two adjacent features produced identical assays of 10,420 ± 20 14C yr BP, while a nearby red ocher stain produced a slightly more recent date, but all indicate an Early to Middle Paleoindian period association. Microscopic use-wear analysis demonstrates that the hole was intentionally perforated, probably with a stone drill, to produce this pendant. Red ocher and personal ornaments like beads and pendants often co-occur at Paleoindian sites throughout the continent. Comparison with other reported objects of Paleoindian personal ornamentation indicates that stone pendants are exceedingly rare, with the Brian D. Jones pendant as perhaps the only Early–Middle Paleoindian stone pendant reported in North America.
在北美越来越多的古印第安时代遗址中，人们发现了个人装饰品和便携式艺术品。在这里，我们报告了最近从康涅狄格州法明顿河谷的布莱恩·d·琼斯遗址中发现的穿孔角树叶。来自两个相邻特征的放射性碳年代测定结果相同，为10,420±2014c年BP，而附近的红赭石染色结果稍晚，但都表明古印度早期至中期的联系。显微镜下的使用磨损分析表明，这个洞是故意穿孔的，可能是用石钻来制造这个垂饰的。红赭石和个人装饰品，如珠子和吊坠，经常在整个大陆的古印第安遗址中共同出现。与其他报道的古印第安人个人装饰物品进行比较表明，石头坠饰极其罕见，Brian D. Jones坠饰可能是北美唯一报道的早-中期古印第安人石头坠饰。
{"title":"Early Paleoindian Personal Adornment: An Example from the Brian D. Jones Site in Avon, Connecticut","authors":"David E. Leslie, G. L. Miller","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2022.2157930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2022.2157930","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objects of personal adornment and portable art are recognized from an increasing number of Paleoindian period sites across North America. Here we report a recently recovered perforated hornfels flake from the Brian D. Jones site in Connecticut’s Farmington River valley. Radiocarbon dates from two adjacent features produced identical assays of 10,420 ± 20 14C yr BP, while a nearby red ocher stain produced a slightly more recent date, but all indicate an Early to Middle Paleoindian period association. Microscopic use-wear analysis demonstrates that the hole was intentionally perforated, probably with a stone drill, to produce this pendant. Red ocher and personal ornaments like beads and pendants often co-occur at Paleoindian sites throughout the continent. Comparison with other reported objects of Paleoindian personal ornamentation indicates that stone pendants are exceedingly rare, with the Brian D. Jones pendant as perhaps the only Early–Middle Paleoindian stone pendant reported in North America.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":"9 1","pages":"48 - 59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45403561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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