Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2021.1931744
X. Villagran, G. Hartmann, M. Stahlschmidt, S. Heinrich, M. Gluchy, C. Hatté, C. Lahaye, Christophe Griggo, Antonio Pérez, Marcos Paulo de Melo Ramos, Haruan Straioto, J. Santos, R. Trindade, A. Strauss, N. Guidon, E. Böeda
ABSTRACT Archaeological research of late Pleistocene sites in northeastern Brazil has rarely analyzed site formation processes from a geoarchaeological perspective. This has contributed to the long-held debate over the reliability of Pleistocene ages and the anthropic origin of stone tools and combustion features. In this work, we combine high-resolution geoarchaeological methods to study the formation processes of the Toca da Janela da Barra do Antonião North site (TJBA-North), located in a surface karst about 12 km northeast of the classical site of Boqueirão da Pedra Furada (Serra da Capivara, Piauí). The site contains stone tools and megafauna remains in sedimentary levels that have been dated by optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) as more than 20,000 years ago up to the early Holocene. Using micromorphology, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), micro-FTIR on the micromorphology thin sections, and magnetic analyses, we carried out a comprehensive study of the climatic conditions during the late and terminal Pleistocene and investigated the depositional history of the site.
巴西东北部晚更新世遗址的考古研究很少从地质考古学的角度分析遗址的形成过程。这促成了长期以来关于更新世时代的可靠性以及石器和燃烧特征的人为起源的争论。在这项工作中，我们结合高分辨率地质考古方法研究了Toca da Janela da Barra do antonio North遗址(TJBA-North)的形成过程，该遗址位于boqueir o da Pedra Furada (Serra da Capivara, Piauí)经典遗址东北约12公里处的表面喀斯特。该遗址包含石器和沉积层的巨型动物遗骸，通过光学刺激发光(OSL)可以确定其年代为2万多年前到全新世早期。利用显微形貌、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、显微形貌薄片微傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和磁学分析等方法，对该遗址更新世晚期和晚期的气候条件进行了全面研究，并对其沉积历史进行了研究。
{"title":"Formation Processes of the Late Pleistocene Site Toca da Janela da Barra do Antonião – Piauí (Brazil)","authors":"X. Villagran, G. Hartmann, M. Stahlschmidt, S. Heinrich, M. Gluchy, C. Hatté, C. Lahaye, Christophe Griggo, Antonio Pérez, Marcos Paulo de Melo Ramos, Haruan Straioto, J. Santos, R. Trindade, A. Strauss, N. Guidon, E. Böeda","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2021.1931744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2021.1931744","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Archaeological research of late Pleistocene sites in northeastern Brazil has rarely analyzed site formation processes from a geoarchaeological perspective. This has contributed to the long-held debate over the reliability of Pleistocene ages and the anthropic origin of stone tools and combustion features. In this work, we combine high-resolution geoarchaeological methods to study the formation processes of the Toca da Janela da Barra do Antonião North site (TJBA-North), located in a surface karst about 12 km northeast of the classical site of Boqueirão da Pedra Furada (Serra da Capivara, Piauí). The site contains stone tools and megafauna remains in sedimentary levels that have been dated by optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) as more than 20,000 years ago up to the early Holocene. Using micromorphology, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), micro-FTIR on the micromorphology thin sections, and magnetic analyses, we carried out a comprehensive study of the climatic conditions during the late and terminal Pleistocene and investigated the depositional history of the site.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20555563.2021.1931744","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60043980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2021.1932073
Briana N. Doering, Julie Esdale, Senna D. Catenacci
ABSTRACT The middle Tanana Valley near Fairbanks, Alaska has been the subject of nearly a century of archaeological research focused on the earliest inhabitants of the region. Recent research at Niidhaayh Na’ (XBD-110) provides new information about human behavior and technological organization at the Pleistocene-Holocene transition. This multicomponent site is located on the Delta moraine and overlooks Delta Creek (Niidhaayh Na’). The results of the first seasons of full-scale excavation research at the site, begun in 2017, reveal two lithic workshops dating to ca. 11,800 and 9500 calendar years ago, associated with core fragments, tools, debitage, and intact faunal remains. Future research at the site will advance archaeological understandings of human adaptive decision-making during the late glacial period in central Alaska, with implications for our understanding of the first Americans and human behavior more generally.
近一个世纪以来，阿拉斯加费尔班克斯附近的塔纳纳山谷中部一直是考古研究的主题，重点是该地区最早的居民。最近在Niidhaayh Na ' (XBD-110)的研究提供了更新世-全新世过渡时期人类行为和技术组织的新信息。这个多组件站点位于三角洲冰碛上，俯瞰三角洲溪(Niidhaayh Na’)。从2017年开始，对该遗址进行了第一季的全面挖掘研究，结果显示，两个石器作坊的历史可以追溯到大约11800年和9500年以前，与核心碎片、工具、碎屑和完整的动物遗骸有关。未来对该遗址的研究将促进对阿拉斯加中部冰期晚期人类适应性决策的考古理解，对我们对第一批美洲人和人类行为的更广泛理解产生影响。
{"title":"Procurement, Reduction, and Use of Lithic Technology from ca. 9500–11,800 Years Ago at Niidhaayh Na’, Central Alaska","authors":"Briana N. Doering, Julie Esdale, Senna D. Catenacci","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2021.1932073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2021.1932073","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The middle Tanana Valley near Fairbanks, Alaska has been the subject of nearly a century of archaeological research focused on the earliest inhabitants of the region. Recent research at Niidhaayh Na’ (XBD-110) provides new information about human behavior and technological organization at the Pleistocene-Holocene transition. This multicomponent site is located on the Delta moraine and overlooks Delta Creek (Niidhaayh Na’). The results of the first seasons of full-scale excavation research at the site, begun in 2017, reveal two lithic workshops dating to ca. 11,800 and 9500 calendar years ago, associated with core fragments, tools, debitage, and intact faunal remains. Future research at the site will advance archaeological understandings of human adaptive decision-making during the late glacial period in central Alaska, with implications for our understanding of the first Americans and human behavior more generally.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20555563.2021.1932073","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45906931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-16DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2021.1933334
M. Sutton
ABSTRACT It is becoming increasingly apparent that the initial migrants into the Americas arrived via the Pacific coastal route prior to the inception of the Clovis complex. It further appears that these initial immigrants had non-Clovis technology and a generalized (or broad spectrum) economy with little use of the megafauna in their midst. Once developed, Clovis, marked by a different lithic technology, quickly spread over most of the Americas as far south as Panama, and is associated with the exploitation of proboscideans. This begs the question of why these animals were not exploited by the apparently earlier people. It is speculated herein that the seemingly abrupt appearance of Clovis, its focus on proboscideans, and its sudden demise reflects the appearance of a technologic and organizational system focused on the ritual exploitation of mammoths operating within preexisting Paleoindian societies, herein called the Western Clovis Ritual Complex.
{"title":"Envisioning a Western Clovis Ritual Complex","authors":"M. Sutton","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2021.1933334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2021.1933334","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT It is becoming increasingly apparent that the initial migrants into the Americas arrived via the Pacific coastal route prior to the inception of the Clovis complex. It further appears that these initial immigrants had non-Clovis technology and a generalized (or broad spectrum) economy with little use of the megafauna in their midst. Once developed, Clovis, marked by a different lithic technology, quickly spread over most of the Americas as far south as Panama, and is associated with the exploitation of proboscideans. This begs the question of why these animals were not exploited by the apparently earlier people. It is speculated herein that the seemingly abrupt appearance of Clovis, its focus on proboscideans, and its sudden demise reflects the appearance of a technologic and organizational system focused on the ritual exploitation of mammoths operating within preexisting Paleoindian societies, herein called the Western Clovis Ritual Complex.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20555563.2021.1933334","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41505493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-22DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2021.1890402
M. Eren, D. Meltzer, Brian N. Andrews
ABSTRACT We previously showed that stone-tool technological attributes thought to be unique to the Clovis period were present in a radiocarbon and OSL dated middle Holocene-age stratum at Goodson Shelter, Oklahoma (Eren et al. 2018a. “Is Clovis Technology Unique to Clovis?” PaleoAmerica 4:202–228). Consequently, we argued that technological attributes alone should not be used to assign assemblages to Clovis times. Huckell, Haynes, and Holliday (2019. “Comments on the Lithic Technology and Geochronology of the Goodson Rock Shelter.” PaleoAmerica 6:131–134) proposed two alternative hypotheses: that material we identified as Clovis-like was not, or that it was Clovis but had been mixed with younger deposits. They called for more information on the Clovis-like assemblage at Goodson, and additional dating of the site's lowest deposits. We provide that information, which confirms that stone-tool technologies ostensibly unique to Clovis were indeed in use in the middle Holocene.
{"title":"Clovis Technology is not Unique to Clovis","authors":"M. Eren, D. Meltzer, Brian N. Andrews","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2021.1890402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2021.1890402","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We previously showed that stone-tool technological attributes thought to be unique to the Clovis period were present in a radiocarbon and OSL dated middle Holocene-age stratum at Goodson Shelter, Oklahoma (Eren et al. 2018a. “Is Clovis Technology Unique to Clovis?” PaleoAmerica 4:202–228). Consequently, we argued that technological attributes alone should not be used to assign assemblages to Clovis times. Huckell, Haynes, and Holliday (2019. “Comments on the Lithic Technology and Geochronology of the Goodson Rock Shelter.” PaleoAmerica 6:131–134) proposed two alternative hypotheses: that material we identified as Clovis-like was not, or that it was Clovis but had been mixed with younger deposits. They called for more information on the Clovis-like assemblage at Goodson, and additional dating of the site's lowest deposits. We provide that information, which confirms that stone-tool technologies ostensibly unique to Clovis were indeed in use in the middle Holocene.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20555563.2021.1890402","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41802209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-08DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2021.1894380
E. Knell, M. Hill, M. Sutton
ABSTRACT This study uses univariate and multivariate statistical analyses to assess whether Lake Mohave and Silver Lake projectile points from the Mojave Desert of western North America are statistically discrete, recognizable, and valid types. Univariate analyses run on 400 Lake Mohave and Silver Lake points reveal significant differences in six linear and three angle measures, though overlapping measurements pose difficulties for differentiating the types. To address the problem of overlapping measurements, multivariate principal components and discriminant function analyses were employed to statistically define groups of related attributes. Size- and shape-based attributes of the stem distinguish approximately 80% of the sample to type and reveal region-wide consistency among archaeologists who have classified these points to type. Though this study did not entirely overcome the challenge of using metrics to differentiate Lake Mohave from Silver Lake points, key discriminating variables are now better defined and the types deemed valid.
{"title":"Assessing the Validity of Mojave Desert Lake Mohave and Silver Lake Projectile-Point Types","authors":"E. Knell, M. Hill, M. Sutton","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2021.1894380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2021.1894380","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study uses univariate and multivariate statistical analyses to assess whether Lake Mohave and Silver Lake projectile points from the Mojave Desert of western North America are statistically discrete, recognizable, and valid types. Univariate analyses run on 400 Lake Mohave and Silver Lake points reveal significant differences in six linear and three angle measures, though overlapping measurements pose difficulties for differentiating the types. To address the problem of overlapping measurements, multivariate principal components and discriminant function analyses were employed to statistically define groups of related attributes. Size- and shape-based attributes of the stem distinguish approximately 80% of the sample to type and reveal region-wide consistency among archaeologists who have classified these points to type. Though this study did not entirely overcome the challenge of using metrics to differentiate Lake Mohave from Silver Lake points, key discriminating variables are now better defined and the types deemed valid.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20555563.2021.1894380","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45811555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2021.1895531
A. Cucina, Elma Maria Vega Lizama, J. Chatters
ABSTRACT The dental morphology of the earliest Americans is poorly known, partly because existing data are largely unpublished and partly because dental wear is typically extreme in the few complete dentitions available. The remains of Naia, a 13,000–12,000 year-old young woman from Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula, possess a complete dental record in perfect condition, offering the unique opportunity to record the dental morphology of an early Paleoindian and a chance to address the long-standing debate about whether these first people exhibited Sundadont or Sinodont dental morphology. As an individual, her dentition would fit comfortably in the Sinodont grouping. However, when she is included in the population of North American skeletal remains that can be confidently placed before ∼9000 years ago, a different pattern emerges. The Paleoindians fall neatly between the two dental patterns, suggesting that the founding North American population exhibits a dental pattern of its own, independent of its east Asian relatives.
{"title":"Dental Morphology of Naia, a Late Pleistocene Human from Mexico and the Sinodont/Sundadont Issue","authors":"A. Cucina, Elma Maria Vega Lizama, J. Chatters","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2021.1895531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2021.1895531","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The dental morphology of the earliest Americans is poorly known, partly because existing data are largely unpublished and partly because dental wear is typically extreme in the few complete dentitions available. The remains of Naia, a 13,000–12,000 year-old young woman from Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula, possess a complete dental record in perfect condition, offering the unique opportunity to record the dental morphology of an early Paleoindian and a chance to address the long-standing debate about whether these first people exhibited Sundadont or Sinodont dental morphology. As an individual, her dentition would fit comfortably in the Sinodont grouping. However, when she is included in the population of North American skeletal remains that can be confidently placed before ∼9000 years ago, a different pattern emerges. The Paleoindians fall neatly between the two dental patterns, suggesting that the founding North American population exhibits a dental pattern of its own, independent of its east Asian relatives.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20555563.2021.1895531","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42993786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2020.1868750
E. Böeda, Nora Flegenheimer, Sibeli Viana, M. Gluchy, Antonio Pérez, M. Ramos, N. Guidon
ABSTRACT Here we report a newly discovered Fishtail, or Fell 1, projectile-point type, from Coronel José Dias, southern Piauí, northeastern Brazil. It is an almost complete bifacial piece on light local silex. In Brazil, Fishtail points have not been previously reported in detail north of the 22° S parallel. Hence, this new evidence importantly establishes human occupation of extreme northeast of South America during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition.
{"title":"The First Fishtail Point Find in Piauí State, Northeastern Brazil: Significance and Hypothesis","authors":"E. Böeda, Nora Flegenheimer, Sibeli Viana, M. Gluchy, Antonio Pérez, M. Ramos, N. Guidon","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2020.1868750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2020.1868750","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Here we report a newly discovered Fishtail, or Fell 1, projectile-point type, from Coronel José Dias, southern Piauí, northeastern Brazil. It is an almost complete bifacial piece on light local silex. In Brazil, Fishtail points have not been previously reported in detail north of the 22° S parallel. Hence, this new evidence importantly establishes human occupation of extreme northeast of South America during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20555563.2020.1868750","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45483787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2021.1894379
Astolfo G. M. Araujo, J. C. Moreno de Sousa, Letícia C. Correa, J. Feathers, M. Okumura
ABSTRACT In this paper we present a review of previous research carried out at the Alice Boer site coupled with new data regarding its lithic industry and ages. Our data suggest that the site, once believed to be at least 14,000 years old, most probably was occupied no earlier than 8000 years ago. The lithic material, comprising both bifacial and unifacial formal artifacts, can be associated to the Rioclarense industry. This industry is now well described and was dated elsewhere (at Caetetuba site) as early Holocene. Therefore, in spite of not being as old as originally thought, Alice Boer can be considered to relate to the late Paleoamerican occupation of South America from a cultural point of view.
{"title":"The Rise and Fall of Alice Boer: A Reassessment of a Purported Pre-Clovis Site","authors":"Astolfo G. M. Araujo, J. C. Moreno de Sousa, Letícia C. Correa, J. Feathers, M. Okumura","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2021.1894379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2021.1894379","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this paper we present a review of previous research carried out at the Alice Boer site coupled with new data regarding its lithic industry and ages. Our data suggest that the site, once believed to be at least 14,000 years old, most probably was occupied no earlier than 8000 years ago. The lithic material, comprising both bifacial and unifacial formal artifacts, can be associated to the Rioclarense industry. This industry is now well described and was dated elsewhere (at Caetetuba site) as early Holocene. Therefore, in spite of not being as old as originally thought, Alice Boer can be considered to relate to the late Paleoamerican occupation of South America from a cultural point of view.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20555563.2021.1894379","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42186140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2021.1904165
T. Goebel, S. González, M. Kornfeld, M. Larson, Aleksei Tetenkin
ABSTRACT In 2020, the international and interdisciplinary field of the peopling of the Americas lost three giants: George C. Frison, José C. Jiménez López, and Yuri A. Mochanov. We join their families, friends, and colleagues in the USA, Mexico, Russia, and elsewhere across the Americas and northeast Asia in mourning their deaths and celebrating their lives and accomplishments.
{"title":"In Memoriam: Remembering the Scientists We Lost in 2020","authors":"T. Goebel, S. González, M. Kornfeld, M. Larson, Aleksei Tetenkin","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2021.1904165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2021.1904165","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In 2020, the international and interdisciplinary field of the peopling of the Americas lost three giants: George C. Frison, José C. Jiménez López, and Yuri A. Mochanov. We join their families, friends, and colleagues in the USA, Mexico, Russia, and elsewhere across the Americas and northeast Asia in mourning their deaths and celebrating their lives and accomplishments.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20555563.2021.1904165","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46384348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2020.1857541
Matthew T. Boulanger, Robert J. Patten, Brian N. Andrews, Michelle R. Bebber, Briggs Buchanan, Ian A. Jorgeson, G. L. Miller, M. Eren, D. Meltzer
ABSTRACT The Antelope Springs Folsom locality is located near Trout Creek Pass, which connects South Park, a high elevation basin in the Rocky Mountains, with the headwaters region of the Arkansas River. The pass is also the source of an eponymous jasper that dominates the small, surface collection of Folsom points, preforms, tools, and debitage we report on here. The Antelope Springs assemblage was focused on the reduction and replacement of a stone tool kit. There does not appear to have been a substantial Folsom-age presence in South Park, although based on other Folsom sites where Trout Creek jasper occurs, and least-cost paths of travel through the southern Rocky Mountains, South Park and Trout Creek Pass may well have been regularly traversed between Middle Park and San Luis Valley, areas that had a more significant Folsom presence.
摘要Antelope Springs Folsom地区位于Trout Creek Pass附近，该地区连接落基山脉的高海拔盆地South Park和阿肯色河的源头地区。通行证也是一种同名jasper的来源，它主导了我们在这里报道的Folsom点、预制件、工具和借记的小型表面收集。Antelope Springs组合的重点是减少和更换一个石头工具包。南公园似乎没有大量的Folsom年龄存在，尽管基于Trout Creek碧玉出现的其他Folsom遗址，以及穿过落基山脉南部的成本最低的旅行路线，南公园和Trout CreekPass很可能经常在中公园和圣路易斯谷之间穿过，这些地区有更重要的Folso姆存在。
{"title":"Antelope Springs: A Folsom Site in South Park, Colorado","authors":"Matthew T. Boulanger, Robert J. Patten, Brian N. Andrews, Michelle R. Bebber, Briggs Buchanan, Ian A. Jorgeson, G. L. Miller, M. Eren, D. Meltzer","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2020.1857541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2020.1857541","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Antelope Springs Folsom locality is located near Trout Creek Pass, which connects South Park, a high elevation basin in the Rocky Mountains, with the headwaters region of the Arkansas River. The pass is also the source of an eponymous jasper that dominates the small, surface collection of Folsom points, preforms, tools, and debitage we report on here. The Antelope Springs assemblage was focused on the reduction and replacement of a stone tool kit. There does not appear to have been a substantial Folsom-age presence in South Park, although based on other Folsom sites where Trout Creek jasper occurs, and least-cost paths of travel through the southern Rocky Mountains, South Park and Trout Creek Pass may well have been regularly traversed between Middle Park and San Luis Valley, areas that had a more significant Folsom presence.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20555563.2020.1857541","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47644679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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