Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.4467/24500100stj.23.007.18224
Michael K. Schulz
Animal Protection and Antisemitism in German Professional Press in the Years 1919–1939 The article discusses the entanglement of antisemitism and animal protection movement on the basis of the professional press of German veterinarians, animal protectionists, and meat producers from 1919 until 1939. The focal point is the question of shehitah. The article shows to what extent this question was a part of a general debate on the slaughter reform and the development of new stunning methods. Not surprisingly, most of the articles in the analyzed press were in favor of the introduction of the stunning obligation before the slaughter, which was from the Jewish perspective equal to the ban of shehitah. The article differentiates between the arguments of the majority of proponents of the obligation and those of their radical antisemitic colleagues. It argues that the animal protection movement in its majority cannot be described as racist or as a natural partner of national socialists, for only some representatives of it, such as Max Müller or Rudolf Einhauser from Munich, displayed a clear antisemitic rhetoric.
{"title":"Ochrona zwierząt i antysemityzm w niemieckim czasopiśmiennictwie specjalistycznym w latach 1919–1939","authors":"Michael K. Schulz","doi":"10.4467/24500100stj.23.007.18224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/24500100stj.23.007.18224","url":null,"abstract":"Animal Protection and Antisemitism in German Professional Press in the Years 1919–1939 The article discusses the entanglement of antisemitism and animal protection movement on the basis of the professional press of German veterinarians, animal protectionists, and meat producers from 1919 until 1939. The focal point is the question of shehitah. The article shows to what extent this question was a part of a general debate on the slaughter reform and the development of new stunning methods. Not surprisingly, most of the articles in the analyzed press were in favor of the introduction of the stunning obligation before the slaughter, which was from the Jewish perspective equal to the ban of shehitah. The article differentiates between the arguments of the majority of proponents of the obligation and those of their radical antisemitic colleagues. It argues that the animal protection movement in its majority cannot be described as racist or as a natural partner of national socialists, for only some representatives of it, such as Max Müller or Rudolf Einhauser from Munich, displayed a clear antisemitic rhetoric.","PeriodicalId":37335,"journal":{"name":"Studia Judaica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136369155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.4467/24500100stj.23.005.18222
Małgorzata Domagalska
“And She Stretched Him on a Pin Like a Butterfly...”: Revolutionary Jewish Women in Polish Antisemitic Prose of the First Half of the Twentieth Century After the revolution of 1905, revolutionary Jewish women began to appear among the heroines typical of the antisemitic novels of the nineteenth century. This type of female protagonist can be found in the novels written by Józef Weyssenhoff (Hetmani [The Hetmans]), Rev. Jan Gnatowski (Zły czar [Bad Spell]), and then in the 1930s in the novels by Roman Dmowski (Dziedzictwo [The Heritage]) and Jędrzej Giertych (Zamach [The Coup]). In these narratives, Poland is presented as a victim of manipulation by Jews, Germans, and in the case of the Bad Spell by Jewish Bolsheviks. In these stories, female Jewish revolutionaries implement their secret policies using their strong erotic influence to seduce Polish activists. Demonism and evil, as well as the misogynistic attitude of the fin de siècle era were employed to create their portraits. In these female protagonists, one can detect echoes of features associated with such Jewish heroines as Salome, Judith, and Herodias whose portraits were typical of the art and literature of the epoch.
{"title":"I rozpięła na szpilce jak motyla… Żydówki-rewolucjonistki w polskiej prozie antysemickiej w pierwszej połowie XX wieku","authors":"Małgorzata Domagalska","doi":"10.4467/24500100stj.23.005.18222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/24500100stj.23.005.18222","url":null,"abstract":"“And She Stretched Him on a Pin Like a Butterfly...”: Revolutionary Jewish Women in Polish Antisemitic Prose of the First Half of the Twentieth Century After the revolution of 1905, revolutionary Jewish women began to appear among the heroines typical of the antisemitic novels of the nineteenth century. This type of female protagonist can be found in the novels written by Józef Weyssenhoff (Hetmani [The Hetmans]), Rev. Jan Gnatowski (Zły czar [Bad Spell]), and then in the 1930s in the novels by Roman Dmowski (Dziedzictwo [The Heritage]) and Jędrzej Giertych (Zamach [The Coup]). In these narratives, Poland is presented as a victim of manipulation by Jews, Germans, and in the case of the Bad Spell by Jewish Bolsheviks. In these stories, female Jewish revolutionaries implement their secret policies using their strong erotic influence to seduce Polish activists. Demonism and evil, as well as the misogynistic attitude of the fin de siècle era were employed to create their portraits. In these female protagonists, one can detect echoes of features associated with such Jewish heroines as Salome, Judith, and Herodias whose portraits were typical of the art and literature of the epoch.","PeriodicalId":37335,"journal":{"name":"Studia Judaica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136369145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.4467/24500100stj.23.003.18220
Alicja Maślak-Maciejewska
Christian Framework, Jewish Content? Jewish School Sermons in Galicia The article is devoted to so-called “exhortations,” school sermons delivered to Jewish school youth in Galicia since the 1880s by Jewish teachers of religion. The author traces the roots of these sermons by analyzing the legal framework and the realms of Galician school that since the late 1860s became non-confessional. Sermons were part of religious education which in theory should have been provided to all children. The article shows that the Jewish exhortations, while retaining Jewish content, resembled Christian sermons in various ways (sources, length, language, typical features such as brevity, chronology of publication, even frequency of the words). Those affinities and relationship between both traditions are analyzed in the article.
{"title":"Chrześcijańskie ramy, żydowskie treści? Żydowskie kazania szkolne w Galicji","authors":"Alicja Maślak-Maciejewska","doi":"10.4467/24500100stj.23.003.18220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/24500100stj.23.003.18220","url":null,"abstract":"Christian Framework, Jewish Content? Jewish School Sermons in Galicia The article is devoted to so-called “exhortations,” school sermons delivered to Jewish school youth in Galicia since the 1880s by Jewish teachers of religion. The author traces the roots of these sermons by analyzing the legal framework and the realms of Galician school that since the late 1860s became non-confessional. Sermons were part of religious education which in theory should have been provided to all children. The article shows that the Jewish exhortations, while retaining Jewish content, resembled Christian sermons in various ways (sources, length, language, typical features such as brevity, chronology of publication, even frequency of the words). Those affinities and relationship between both traditions are analyzed in the article.","PeriodicalId":37335,"journal":{"name":"Studia Judaica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136369153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.4467/24500100stj.23.009.18226
Aleksandra Guja
The Image of Jews in Cartoons from the “Mucha” Magazine (1935–1939) The article discusses the visual images of Jews presented in cartoons from the satirical journal Mucha between 1935 and 1939. Mucha was a major satirical magazine in Poland and the only one published during the whole interwar period. The aim of the study is to analyze the visual discourse about Jews emerging from cartoons using digital tools (MAXQDA). Both quantitative and qualitative methods were applied to check which elements of the picture create a specific type of stereotype. The findings suggest that the overall image of Jews is contradictory, albeit dominated by categories related to money and trade. There are also images that do not fit into the dominant antisemitic discourse.
{"title":"Wizerunek Żydów w dowcipach rysunkowych na łamach „Muchy” (1935–1939)","authors":"Aleksandra Guja","doi":"10.4467/24500100stj.23.009.18226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/24500100stj.23.009.18226","url":null,"abstract":"The Image of Jews in Cartoons from the “Mucha” Magazine (1935–1939) The article discusses the visual images of Jews presented in cartoons from the satirical journal Mucha between 1935 and 1939. Mucha was a major satirical magazine in Poland and the only one published during the whole interwar period. The aim of the study is to analyze the visual discourse about Jews emerging from cartoons using digital tools (MAXQDA). Both quantitative and qualitative methods were applied to check which elements of the picture create a specific type of stereotype. The findings suggest that the overall image of Jews is contradictory, albeit dominated by categories related to money and trade. There are also images that do not fit into the dominant antisemitic discourse.","PeriodicalId":37335,"journal":{"name":"Studia Judaica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136369156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.4467/24500100stj.23.006.18223
Mirosława M. Bułat
Kamiński Theater in Warsaw: The First Years (1911–1914) The article focuses on the artistic activity of the Kamiński Theater in Warsaw (1/3 Oboźna Street) prior to World War I. First, it reviews publications related to the topic which present varying facts and dates. Then the author confronts these scholarly works with Yiddish dailies. Based on the Warsaw Yiddish daily Der Moment, she determines that Yiddish performances of the troupe run by Avrom-Yitskhok Kamiński started as early as June 1911, not 1913 or 1909 as previously thought. The Kamiński Theater building was used not only by Jewish but also by Polish, Russian, and Ukrainian theater troupes.
{"title":"Teatr Kamińskiego w Warszawie – panorama pierwszych lat (1911–1914)","authors":"Mirosława M. Bułat","doi":"10.4467/24500100stj.23.006.18223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/24500100stj.23.006.18223","url":null,"abstract":"Kamiński Theater in Warsaw: The First Years (1911–1914) The article focuses on the artistic activity of the Kamiński Theater in Warsaw (1/3 Oboźna Street) prior to World War I. First, it reviews publications related to the topic which present varying facts and dates. Then the author confronts these scholarly works with Yiddish dailies. Based on the Warsaw Yiddish daily Der Moment, she determines that Yiddish performances of the troupe run by Avrom-Yitskhok Kamiński started as early as June 1911, not 1913 or 1909 as previously thought. The Kamiński Theater building was used not only by Jewish but also by Polish, Russian, and Ukrainian theater troupes.","PeriodicalId":37335,"journal":{"name":"Studia Judaica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136369148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.4467/24500100stj.23.011.18228
Monika Adamczyk-Garbowska
Studia Judaica » 2023 » Nr 1 (51) » Key Concepts in the Study of Antisemitism, red. Sol Goldberg, Scott Ury i Kalman Weiser, Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, Switzerland, 2021, ss. 336. A A A
《反犹太主义研究中的关键概念》，红色。Sol Goldberg, Scott Ury i Kalman Weiser, Palgrave Macmillan, Cham，瑞士，2021,s. 336。A A A
{"title":"Key Concepts in the Study of Antisemitism, red. Sol Goldberg, Scott Ury i Kalman Weiser, Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, Switzerland, 2021, ss. 336.","authors":"Monika Adamczyk-Garbowska","doi":"10.4467/24500100stj.23.011.18228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/24500100stj.23.011.18228","url":null,"abstract":"Studia Judaica » 2023 » Nr 1 (51) » Key Concepts in the Study of Antisemitism, red. Sol Goldberg, Scott Ury i Kalman Weiser, Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, Switzerland, 2021, ss. 336. A A A","PeriodicalId":37335,"journal":{"name":"Studia Judaica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136369150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.4467/24500100stj.23.008.18225
Jacek Stawiski
A Visit to Eretz Israel: Reports by Four Journalists from Poland from their Visit to Palestine in Spring 1925 In spring 1925 four journalists representing four different newspapers printed in Poland (in Polish) travelled to Eretz Israel to report on the ceremonies of opening the Hebrew University in Jerusalem. Jakub Appenszlak (Nasz Przegląd), Bernard Zimmermann (Nowy Dziennik), and Leon Weinstock (Chwila) were Polish Jews and supporters of Zionism. Janusz Makarczyk (Kurier Warszawski) was a Pole working for a right-wing Polish daily. As reporters they witnessed the opening of the University and also visited other places like Tel Aviv and some agricultural settlements. They sent their reports to Poland. The reports represent a unique view on the development of Jewish Palestine in the mid-1920s.
{"title":"Z wizytą w Erec Israel. Korespondencje czterech dziennikarzy z Polski z podróży do Palestyny wiosną 1925 roku","authors":"Jacek Stawiski","doi":"10.4467/24500100stj.23.008.18225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/24500100stj.23.008.18225","url":null,"abstract":"A Visit to Eretz Israel: Reports by Four Journalists from Poland from their Visit to Palestine in Spring 1925 In spring 1925 four journalists representing four different newspapers printed in Poland (in Polish) travelled to Eretz Israel to report on the ceremonies of opening the Hebrew University in Jerusalem. Jakub Appenszlak (Nasz Przegląd), Bernard Zimmermann (Nowy Dziennik), and Leon Weinstock (Chwila) were Polish Jews and supporters of Zionism. Janusz Makarczyk (Kurier Warszawski) was a Pole working for a right-wing Polish daily. As reporters they witnessed the opening of the University and also visited other places like Tel Aviv and some agricultural settlements. They sent their reports to Poland. The reports represent a unique view on the development of Jewish Palestine in the mid-1920s.","PeriodicalId":37335,"journal":{"name":"Studia Judaica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136369151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.4467/24500100stj.23.002.18219
Wiktor Sybilski
Booklists from Notarial Records as a Valuable Source for Researching the Religious Life of Jews in Chełm during the First Quarter of the Nineteenth Century The article presents an edition of booklists extracted from notarial records focusing on two collections of Jewish religious books belonging to Dawid Wajnberg (ca. 1757–1824) and Nute Mojsze Rubinsztein (ca. 1783–1824), two merchants from Chełm. The records have been identified through historical transcriptions of the local Ashkenazi Hebrew, and the article examines the patterns found within these documents. One such pattern is the consistent placement of Talmud treatises at the beginning of the booklists, following the order of the Mishnah. The author stresses the fact that alongside essential Midrashic, Halakhic, and ethical works, there are also unusual books present, such as the Hebrew-Latin Liber Cosri by Yehuda Halevi (1075–1141), published in Basel in 1660. As a result, the article confirms the popularity of certain religious works in Eastern Europe at that time, and explores the significance of these unique items within the collections, considering their connection to the activities of Halakhic and Maskilic centers in the area.
{"title":"Spisy książek z akt notarialnych jako źródło do badań życia religijnego Żydów chełmskich pierwszej ćwierci XIX wieku (edycja dwóch przykładów)","authors":"Wiktor Sybilski","doi":"10.4467/24500100stj.23.002.18219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/24500100stj.23.002.18219","url":null,"abstract":"Booklists from Notarial Records as a Valuable Source for Researching the Religious Life of Jews in Chełm during the First Quarter of the Nineteenth Century The article presents an edition of booklists extracted from notarial records focusing on two collections of Jewish religious books belonging to Dawid Wajnberg (ca. 1757–1824) and Nute Mojsze Rubinsztein (ca. 1783–1824), two merchants from Chełm. The records have been identified through historical transcriptions of the local Ashkenazi Hebrew, and the article examines the patterns found within these documents. One such pattern is the consistent placement of Talmud treatises at the beginning of the booklists, following the order of the Mishnah. The author stresses the fact that alongside essential Midrashic, Halakhic, and ethical works, there are also unusual books present, such as the Hebrew-Latin Liber Cosri by Yehuda Halevi (1075–1141), published in Basel in 1660. As a result, the article confirms the popularity of certain religious works in Eastern Europe at that time, and explores the significance of these unique items within the collections, considering their connection to the activities of Halakhic and Maskilic centers in the area.","PeriodicalId":37335,"journal":{"name":"Studia Judaica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136369149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.4467/24500100stj.23.010.18227
Marcin Wodziński
The Earliest Maskilic Treatise on Hasidism: Josef Rosensohn’s Tractatus de Kabała The article presents an unknown treatise written by a Vilna-based maskil and medical doctor, Josef Rosensohn (ca. 1774–1849). The newly discovered text, commissioned by a Polish aristocrat and Enlightenment activist Tadeusz Czacki (1765–1813), is the oldest maskilic treatise on Hasidism, written in either late 1804 or 1805, important not only for the history of the Haskalah, but also a significant source on the history of Hasidism and Jewish-Polish cultural relations. The article consists of two parts: (1) extensive introduction presenting the author, circumstances of the treatise creation, and significance of the source; (2) a thoroughly annotated treatise itself.
最早的Maskilic Treatise on Hasidism: Josef Rosensohn 's Tractatus de Kabała文章介绍了一篇未知的论文，由维尔纳的Maskilic和医生Josef Rosensohn(约1774-1849)撰写。新发现的文本是由波兰贵族和启蒙运动活动家Tadeusz Czacki(1765-1813)委托撰写的，是关于哈西德派的最古老的maskmasic论文，写于1804年末或1805年，不仅对哈西德派的历史很重要，而且对哈西德派和犹太-波兰文化关系的历史也很重要。全文由两部分组成:(1)绪论，介绍作者、论文创作环境、论文来源意义;(2)一篇完全注释的论文。
{"title":"Josefa Rosensohna Tractatus de Kabała, czyli najstarszy oświeceniowy traktat o chasydyzmie","authors":"Marcin Wodziński","doi":"10.4467/24500100stj.23.010.18227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/24500100stj.23.010.18227","url":null,"abstract":"The Earliest Maskilic Treatise on Hasidism: Josef Rosensohn’s Tractatus de Kabała The article presents an unknown treatise written by a Vilna-based maskil and medical doctor, Josef Rosensohn (ca. 1774–1849). The newly discovered text, commissioned by a Polish aristocrat and Enlightenment activist Tadeusz Czacki (1765–1813), is the oldest maskilic treatise on Hasidism, written in either late 1804 or 1805, important not only for the history of the Haskalah, but also a significant source on the history of Hasidism and Jewish-Polish cultural relations. The article consists of two parts: (1) extensive introduction presenting the author, circumstances of the treatise creation, and significance of the source; (2) a thoroughly annotated treatise itself.","PeriodicalId":37335,"journal":{"name":"Studia Judaica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136369154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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