Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-4-75-80
V. Kobylyansky, T. Kudasheva, M. Berezina, T. Magomedov
Introduction: The leading protective mechanism of the lungs is the processes of deposition of inhaled substances and mucociliary clearance (MCC), the optimal method for studying which is dynamic radioaerosol scintigraphy. are not available on the market. The applicant in this regard for a number of characteristics is the radiopharmaceutical from albumin, produced in the Russian Federation under the brand name Macrotech (M). It is used for perfusion scintigraphy to verify primarily pulmonary embolism and its ability to study deposition of inhalants and MCC has not been studied. Purpose: To study the aerodynamic properties of M dispersion and to determine the possibilities of its use for dynamic radioaerosol scintigraphy of the lungs in order to assess the processes of deposition of inhaled substances and MCC. Material and methods: To study the aerodynamic properties of M, on which the assessment of the deposition of inhaled substances and MCC significantly depends, we studied the dispersion of its particles in different states, and studied them in shape and morphology. An ultrasonic inhaler TuR USI-50 (Germany) generated an aerosol from a suspension of M in distilled water. To study the dispersion in air, laser spectrometry was used using the Spraytec Malvern Instruments system (Great Britain). The protein content in the initial suspension and dispersible aerosol, collected in the form of a condensate, was determined using an Immulite 2000 XPi immunochemical analyzer (Siemens, USA).The shape and morphology of the particles were studied using scanning electron microscopy using. Results: The study of the aerodynamic properties of the dispersion of M indicated that its particles are involved in the dynamics of the movement of the airflow and the flight of water particles generated by the inhaler. The dispersity of the aerosol generated from the suspension M averaged about 5 μm and did not significantly depend on the concentration of the radiopharmaceutical and did not depend on the studied dispersion intensity and airflow rate set using an inhaler. The morphology of M particles was characterized by a complex shape and roughness. Conclusion: The aerodynamic characteristics of M are not optimal for studying the processes of deposition and MCC. However, a final verdict requires a direct assessment of the deposition of the inhaled radioaerosol generated from this preparation.
{"title":"Studying the Aerodynamic Characteristics of the Macrotech and Evaluation of the Possibilities of Its Use for Dynamic Aerosol Scintigraphy","authors":"V. Kobylyansky, T. Kudasheva, M. Berezina, T. Magomedov","doi":"10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-4-75-80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-4-75-80","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The leading protective mechanism of the lungs is the processes of deposition of inhaled substances and mucociliary clearance (MCC), the optimal method for studying which is dynamic radioaerosol scintigraphy. are not available on the market. The applicant in this regard for a number of characteristics is the radiopharmaceutical from albumin, produced in the Russian Federation under the brand name Macrotech (M). It is used for perfusion scintigraphy to verify primarily pulmonary embolism and its ability to study deposition of inhalants and MCC has not been studied. Purpose: To study the aerodynamic properties of M dispersion and to determine the possibilities of its use for dynamic radioaerosol scintigraphy of the lungs in order to assess the processes of deposition of inhaled substances and MCC. Material and methods: To study the aerodynamic properties of M, on which the assessment of the deposition of inhaled substances and MCC significantly depends, we studied the dispersion of its particles in different states, and studied them in shape and morphology. An ultrasonic inhaler TuR USI-50 (Germany) generated an aerosol from a suspension of M in distilled water. To study the dispersion in air, laser spectrometry was used using the Spraytec Malvern Instruments system (Great Britain). The protein content in the initial suspension and dispersible aerosol, collected in the form of a condensate, was determined using an Immulite 2000 XPi immunochemical analyzer (Siemens, USA).The shape and morphology of the particles were studied using scanning electron microscopy using. Results: The study of the aerodynamic properties of the dispersion of M indicated that its particles are involved in the dynamics of the movement of the airflow and the flight of water particles generated by the inhaler. The dispersity of the aerosol generated from the suspension M averaged about 5 μm and did not significantly depend on the concentration of the radiopharmaceutical and did not depend on the studied dispersion intensity and airflow rate set using an inhaler. The morphology of M particles was characterized by a complex shape and roughness. Conclusion: The aerodynamic characteristics of M are not optimal for studying the processes of deposition and MCC. However, a final verdict requires a direct assessment of the deposition of the inhaled radioaerosol generated from this preparation.","PeriodicalId":37358,"journal":{"name":"Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46427275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-4-51-57
A. Menyajlo, S. Chekin, M. Maksioutov, E. Kochergina, O. Vlasov, N. V. Shchukina, P.V. Kascheeva
Purpose: Forecasting the lifetime attributable radiation risk of incidence with malignant neoplasm (MN) of the thyroid gland and identifying groups of increased radiation risk (HR) for the population of the Bryansk region currently (at the beginning of 2023) living in six areas most contaminated with radionuclides after the accident at Chernobyl NPP, based on a conservative approach, taking into account dose uncertainty factors and parameters of mathematical risk models. Material and methods: The mathematical model of the radiation risk of thyroid cancer is the model recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). The uncertainty assessment of radiation risks was carried out by simulation modeling, i.e. by multiple calculation of random realizations of the risk using the normal or log-normal distribution of all parameters involved in the calculation of this risk. Based on a set of random realizations, 95 % confidence limits of risks were estimated. The Unified Federal Database of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Register (NRER) containing reconstructed absorbed doses in the thyroid gland in the population was used as the initial data for the calculation. Results: At the beginning of 2023, the group of 37–40-year-old women is characterized by the maximum radiation risks of thyroid cancer. According to conservative estimates (according to the upper 95 % confidence limits of radiation risk assessments), up to 19.9 % of people from this group may experience the development of radiation-induced thyroid cancer in the future, and for 37-year-old women this proportion can be up to 30.0 %. The greatest risk is predicted for people living in the Krasnogorsk district of the Bryansk region. Radiation-induced thyroid cancer can develop in 40.1 % of individuals from this group. Radiation risks of thyroid cancer in men are up to 10 times lower than in women. For 74.5 % of the population of the entire studied cohort, it is predicted that the maximum individual risk of 5.0×10-5, established by NRB-99/2009 for the population under normal operation of ionizing radiation sources, will be exceeded. Conclusions: At present (since 2023 and for life), the population of the most polluted districts of the Bryansk region continues to be at a high risk of developing radiation-induced thyroid cancers. Women at the age of 0–3 years at the time of exposure (in 1986) should be allocated to the maximum risk group. The results of this work can be used in the preparation of recommendations by health authorities to improve medical monitoring of exposed citizens.
{"title":"Forecast of Radiation Risks of Thyroid Cancer among the Population of Areas of the Bryansk Region Contaminated as a Result of the Accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, allowing for Uncertainties in Risk Model Estimates","authors":"A. Menyajlo, S. Chekin, M. Maksioutov, E. Kochergina, O. Vlasov, N. V. Shchukina, P.V. Kascheeva","doi":"10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-4-51-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-4-51-57","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Forecasting the lifetime attributable radiation risk of incidence with malignant neoplasm (MN) of the thyroid gland and identifying groups of increased radiation risk (HR) for the population of the Bryansk region currently (at the beginning of 2023) living in six areas most contaminated with radionuclides after the accident at Chernobyl NPP, based on a conservative approach, taking into account dose uncertainty factors and parameters of mathematical risk models. Material and methods: The mathematical model of the radiation risk of thyroid cancer is the model recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). The uncertainty assessment of radiation risks was carried out by simulation modeling, i.e. by multiple calculation of random realizations of the risk using the normal or log-normal distribution of all parameters involved in the calculation of this risk. Based on a set of random realizations, 95 % confidence limits of risks were estimated. The Unified Federal Database of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Register (NRER) containing reconstructed absorbed doses in the thyroid gland in the population was used as the initial data for the calculation. Results: At the beginning of 2023, the group of 37–40-year-old women is characterized by the maximum radiation risks of thyroid cancer. According to conservative estimates (according to the upper 95 % confidence limits of radiation risk assessments), up to 19.9 % of people from this group may experience the development of radiation-induced thyroid cancer in the future, and for 37-year-old women this proportion can be up to 30.0 %. The greatest risk is predicted for people living in the Krasnogorsk district of the Bryansk region. Radiation-induced thyroid cancer can develop in 40.1 % of individuals from this group. Radiation risks of thyroid cancer in men are up to 10 times lower than in women. For 74.5 % of the population of the entire studied cohort, it is predicted that the maximum individual risk of 5.0×10-5, established by NRB-99/2009 for the population under normal operation of ionizing radiation sources, will be exceeded. Conclusions: At present (since 2023 and for life), the population of the most polluted districts of the Bryansk region continues to be at a high risk of developing radiation-induced thyroid cancers. Women at the age of 0–3 years at the time of exposure (in 1986) should be allocated to the maximum risk group. The results of this work can be used in the preparation of recommendations by health authorities to improve medical monitoring of exposed citizens.","PeriodicalId":37358,"journal":{"name":"Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43943518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-4-28-34
A. Khmelev
Introduction 1. Emissions in cyclotron facility and their influence on staff 2. Radiation sources of radiochemical laboratory and radiation exposure of radiochemists 3. Ionizing radiation sources in PET diagnostics division and doses of medical staff 4. Doses of PET center patients Conclusion
{"title":"Radiation Sources and Doses of PET Center Staff and Patients","authors":"A. Khmelev","doi":"10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-4-28-34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-4-28-34","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction 1. Emissions in cyclotron facility and their influence on staff 2. Radiation sources of radiochemical laboratory and radiation exposure of radiochemists 3. Ionizing radiation sources in PET diagnostics division and doses of medical staff 4. Doses of PET center patients Conclusion","PeriodicalId":37358,"journal":{"name":"Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety","volume":"227 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41258801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-4-43-50
A. N. Koterov, L. Ushenkova, M. Kalinina, A. Biryukov
A meta-analysis of studies of the ‘Standardized mortality ratio’ (SMR, in % compared with the general population) indexes of overall mortality and mortality from all malignant neoplasms for nuclear workers (NW) from 15 countries (for 2007), as well as for workers dealing with the most toxic heavy metals (Hg, Cd, Pb, Cu) and beta-naphthylamine (a carcinogenic antioxidant previously used in the manufacture of paints) was carried out. For NW, a ‘Healthy worker effect’ (HWE) was found for both indexes (SMR = 62 (95 % CI: 56; 69) and 74 (95 % CI: 69; 78), respectively). The obtained SMR values for NW were compared with data for other professional groups (the results of meta-analyses and individual studies with maximum and minimum SMR values: from cosmonauts/astronauts, pilots and athletes, to work with chemical compounds in general or with their individual types (solvents, heavy metals, beta-naphthylamine), as well as with asbestos. It was found that the level of HWE for NW is comparable to that for one group of athletes and is significantly (1.30–1.45 times) higher than for chemical production personnel, although the combined data for NW is not final. For workers in the chemical industry as a whole, according to published meta-analyses, HWE was also found in SMR, but weak: the value for total mortality was 90 (95 % CI: 87; 92). At the same time, mortality from all malignant neoplasms compared with the population did not reveal a clear HWE, but was not increased either. The most harmful types of employment are, on the rise, work with heavy metals, in coal mines, with beta-naphthylamine and with asbestos. The data obtained eliminates the prevailing stereotypes and can improve the image of employment in the nuclear and chemical industries in general.
{"title":"The ‘Healthy Worker Effect’ on Indexes of Total Mortality and Malignant Neoplasms Mortality for Nuclear and Chemical Workers: Meta-Analysis","authors":"A. N. Koterov, L. Ushenkova, M. Kalinina, A. Biryukov","doi":"10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-4-43-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-4-43-50","url":null,"abstract":"A meta-analysis of studies of the ‘Standardized mortality ratio’ (SMR, in % compared with the general population) indexes of overall mortality and mortality from all malignant neoplasms for nuclear workers (NW) from 15 countries (for 2007), as well as for workers dealing with the most toxic heavy metals (Hg, Cd, Pb, Cu) and beta-naphthylamine (a carcinogenic antioxidant previously used in the manufacture of paints) was carried out. For NW, a ‘Healthy worker effect’ (HWE) was found for both indexes (SMR = 62 (95 % CI: 56; 69) and 74 (95 % CI: 69; 78), respectively). The obtained SMR values for NW were compared with data for other professional groups (the results of meta-analyses and individual studies with maximum and minimum SMR values: from cosmonauts/astronauts, pilots and athletes, to work with chemical compounds in general or with their individual types (solvents, heavy metals, beta-naphthylamine), as well as with asbestos. It was found that the level of HWE for NW is comparable to that for one group of athletes and is significantly (1.30–1.45 times) higher than for chemical production personnel, although the combined data for NW is not final. For workers in the chemical industry as a whole, according to published meta-analyses, HWE was also found in SMR, but weak: the value for total mortality was 90 (95 % CI: 87; 92). At the same time, mortality from all malignant neoplasms compared with the population did not reveal a clear HWE, but was not increased either. The most harmful types of employment are, on the rise, work with heavy metals, in coal mines, with beta-naphthylamine and with asbestos. The data obtained eliminates the prevailing stereotypes and can improve the image of employment in the nuclear and chemical industries in general.","PeriodicalId":37358,"journal":{"name":"Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48855018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-4-69-74
M. Lukin, Alexander Efimtsev, A. A. Borshevetskaya, L. E. Galyautdinova, V. P. Ivanov, S.V. Trusheleva, E. O. Sereda, A. Shchetinina, A. Kim
Stroke is a condition of acute cerebrovascular accident (ACV), with neurological symptoms corresponding that last more than 24 hours. This condition can lead to severe disability, persistent disorders motor and cognitive functions, and even death of the child. The most common causes of strokes in children: aneurysms, vascular malformations, neuroinfections, rheumatological and oncological diseases. As the epidemic COVID-19 spreads, its pathogenetic mechanisms have been identified that contribute to the development of ACV, including in children. These mechanisms may also play a role in the development of ACV in the course of other acute respiratory viral infections. Technological development and increasing availability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) allows to detect strokes at the earliest stages. A comprehensive examination, including clinical, laboratory, instrumental examination data, neuroimaging techniques, is necessary for the verification and pathogenetic treatment of ACV in children and adults. This article describes the problems of early diagnosis of childhood stroke and the features of choosing a radiological method of research. Below is a clinical case of an 11-year-old patient with a genetically determined tendency to thrombosis, who had previously suffered an acute respiratory disease, with consequences in the form of an ischemic stroke in the basin of the left middle cerebral artery - in the area of blood supply to the anterior choroidal artery.
{"title":"Radiation Diagnostics of Ischemic Stroke in Pediatric Practice: an Approach in the SARS-CoV2 Pandemic","authors":"M. Lukin, Alexander Efimtsev, A. A. Borshevetskaya, L. E. Galyautdinova, V. P. Ivanov, S.V. Trusheleva, E. O. Sereda, A. Shchetinina, A. Kim","doi":"10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-4-69-74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-4-69-74","url":null,"abstract":"Stroke is a condition of acute cerebrovascular accident (ACV), with neurological symptoms corresponding that last more than 24 hours. This condition can lead to severe disability, persistent disorders motor and cognitive functions, and even death of the child. The most common causes of strokes in children: aneurysms, vascular malformations, neuroinfections, rheumatological and oncological diseases. As the epidemic COVID-19 spreads, its pathogenetic mechanisms have been identified that contribute to the development of ACV, including in children. These mechanisms may also play a role in the development of ACV in the course of other acute respiratory viral infections. Technological development and increasing availability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) allows to detect strokes at the earliest stages. A comprehensive examination, including clinical, laboratory, instrumental examination data, neuroimaging techniques, is necessary for the verification and pathogenetic treatment of ACV in children and adults. This article describes the problems of early diagnosis of childhood stroke and the features of choosing a radiological method of research. Below is a clinical case of an 11-year-old patient with a genetically determined tendency to thrombosis, who had previously suffered an acute respiratory disease, with consequences in the form of an ischemic stroke in the basin of the left middle cerebral artery - in the area of blood supply to the anterior choroidal artery.","PeriodicalId":37358,"journal":{"name":"Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47581352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-3-5-10
N. Vorobyeva, A. Osipov, A. Chigasova, M. Pustovalova, D. Kabanov, V. Barchukov, O. Kochetkov, A. Osipov
Purpose: Comparative study of changes in the number of foci of DNA (DSB) marker proteins (γH2AX and 53BP1) in human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) incubated with 3H-thymidine or HTO for 24, 48, and 72 h. Material and methods: We used the primary culture of human MSCs of passage 5–6, obtained from the collection of LLC “BioloT” (Russia). A sterile solution of 3H-thymidine or HTO with a specific activity of 100 to 400 MBq/l was added to the nutrient medium and incubated under standard conditions of a CO2 incubator for 24, 48, and 72 hours. To quantify γH2AX foci and the proportion of proliferating cells using antibodies to γH2AX, 53BP1 and Ki67 (a marker protein for cell proliferation), were used, respectively. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was carried out using the statistical software package Statistica 8.0 (StatSoft). To assess the significance of differences between samples, Student’s t-test was used. Results: Incubation of MSCs with 3H-thymidine with a specific radioactivity of 100-400 MBq/l in the first 24 hours leads to a dose-dependent increase in the number of γH2AX and 53BP1 foci. With a further increase in the incubation time to 48 h and 72 h, a saturation effect is observed ‒ the number of foci reaches a plateau. A statistically significant increase in the number of γH2AX and 53BP1 foci in MSCs incubated with HTO was observed only in actively proliferating cells during the first 24 h of incubation in a medium with specific radioactivity of 300 and 400 MBq/l, after which, with a decrease in proliferative activity, it decreased to control values. Calculations made on the basis of the results of a quantitative analysis of γH2AX and 53BP1 foci after 24 h of incubation of MSCs with tritium compounds obtained in the course of the work show, that under the influence of 3H-thymidine ~ 6 times more DNA double-strand breaks are induced than under the influence of HTO.
{"title":"Comparative Study of Changes in the γh2ax and 53bp1 Foci Number in Human Mesenchymal Stromale Cells Incubated with 3H-thymidine or Tritiated Water","authors":"N. Vorobyeva, A. Osipov, A. Chigasova, M. Pustovalova, D. Kabanov, V. Barchukov, O. Kochetkov, A. Osipov","doi":"10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-3-5-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-3-5-10","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Comparative study of changes in the number of foci of DNA (DSB) marker proteins (γH2AX and 53BP1) in human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) incubated with 3H-thymidine or HTO for 24, 48, and 72 h. Material and methods: We used the primary culture of human MSCs of passage 5–6, obtained from the collection of LLC “BioloT” (Russia). A sterile solution of 3H-thymidine or HTO with a specific activity of 100 to 400 MBq/l was added to the nutrient medium and incubated under standard conditions of a CO2 incubator for 24, 48, and 72 hours. To quantify γH2AX foci and the proportion of proliferating cells using antibodies to γH2AX, 53BP1 and Ki67 (a marker protein for cell proliferation), were used, respectively. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was carried out using the statistical software package Statistica 8.0 (StatSoft). To assess the significance of differences between samples, Student’s t-test was used. Results: Incubation of MSCs with 3H-thymidine with a specific radioactivity of 100-400 MBq/l in the first 24 hours leads to a dose-dependent increase in the number of γH2AX and 53BP1 foci. With a further increase in the incubation time to 48 h and 72 h, a saturation effect is observed ‒ the number of foci reaches a plateau. A statistically significant increase in the number of γH2AX and 53BP1 foci in MSCs incubated with HTO was observed only in actively proliferating cells during the first 24 h of incubation in a medium with specific radioactivity of 300 and 400 MBq/l, after which, with a decrease in proliferative activity, it decreased to control values. Calculations made on the basis of the results of a quantitative analysis of γH2AX and 53BP1 foci after 24 h of incubation of MSCs with tritium compounds obtained in the course of the work show, that under the influence of 3H-thymidine ~ 6 times more DNA double-strand breaks are induced than under the influence of HTO.","PeriodicalId":37358,"journal":{"name":"Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42803945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-3-80-84
A. N. Koterov, L. Ushenkova, A. Wainson
The issue of terminology is considered when searching for sources for analytical and synthetic studies of effects among workers in the nuclear industry (nuclear fuel cycle for the production of nuclear weapons components and fuel for power or transport installations). It is noted that if there are relatively few English-language names of this professional group (only four were found) with the absolute prevalence of the term ‘nuclear workers’, then for Russian-language sources there is a wide variety of names (various combinations with ‘atomic’ and ‘nuclear’ ‘industry’ or ‘industry’ etc.) without a hint of specificity. It is concluded that in the Russian-language literature it is most appropriate to use the term ‘workers in the nuclear industry’ [=nuclear workers], given that the name ‘nuclear industry’ is official.
{"title":"Nuclear Workers – on the Question of Unification of Russian-Language Terminology (Brief Report)","authors":"A. N. Koterov, L. Ushenkova, A. Wainson","doi":"10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-3-80-84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-3-80-84","url":null,"abstract":"The issue of terminology is considered when searching for sources for analytical and synthetic studies of effects among workers in the nuclear industry (nuclear fuel cycle for the production of nuclear weapons components and fuel for power or transport installations). It is noted that if there are relatively few English-language names of this professional group (only four were found) with the absolute prevalence of the term ‘nuclear workers’, then for Russian-language sources there is a wide variety of names (various combinations with ‘atomic’ and ‘nuclear’ ‘industry’ or ‘industry’ etc.) without a hint of specificity. It is concluded that in the Russian-language literature it is most appropriate to use the term ‘workers in the nuclear industry’ [=nuclear workers], given that the name ‘nuclear industry’ is official.","PeriodicalId":37358,"journal":{"name":"Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46775794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-3-11-15
A. Simakov, Y. Abramov, N. Proskuryakova, T. Alferova
Purpose: To select and justify health physics criteria necessary and sufficient in assessing the potential hazard for the personnel and public from the implementation of the planned activity, which can lead to deterioration in the radiation situation at the nuclear fuel cycle (NFC) enterprise. Results: To promptly assess the feasibility of carrying out an event planned at the NFC enterprise, a methodology has been developed for assessing radiation safety and protection in case of potential deterioration in the radiation situation. Conclusion: Each planned event that may lead to deterioration in the radiation situation at a NFC enterprise should result in neither significant changes in the radiation situation nor exceeding the established health physics criteria: • non-exceeding main dose constraints; • non-increasing the category of potential radiation hazard of the NFC enterprise; • non-increasing the class of work with unsealed radiation sources; • permissible increase in the class of working conditions of the personnel based on the findings of special assessment of working conditions. In a comparative assessment of the competitiveness of radiation technologies, potential change in the radiation situation and the cost of implementing compensatory measures should be pre-evaluated to protect the personnel and public in case of deterioration in the radiation situation following the introduction of new technologies.
{"title":"Health Physics Criteria for Assessing the Radiation Situation with Changing Technology at a Nuclear Fuel Cycle Enterprise","authors":"A. Simakov, Y. Abramov, N. Proskuryakova, T. Alferova","doi":"10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-3-11-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-3-11-15","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To select and justify health physics criteria necessary and sufficient in assessing the potential hazard for the personnel and public from the implementation of the planned activity, which can lead to deterioration in the radiation situation at the nuclear fuel cycle (NFC) enterprise. Results: To promptly assess the feasibility of carrying out an event planned at the NFC enterprise, a methodology has been developed for assessing radiation safety and protection in case of potential deterioration in the radiation situation. Conclusion: Each planned event that may lead to deterioration in the radiation situation at a NFC enterprise should result in neither significant changes in the radiation situation nor exceeding the established health physics criteria: • non-exceeding main dose constraints; • non-increasing the category of potential radiation hazard of the NFC enterprise; • non-increasing the class of work with unsealed radiation sources; • permissible increase in the class of working conditions of the personnel based on the findings of special assessment of working conditions. In a comparative assessment of the competitiveness of radiation technologies, potential change in the radiation situation and the cost of implementing compensatory measures should be pre-evaluated to protect the personnel and public in case of deterioration in the radiation situation following the introduction of new technologies.","PeriodicalId":37358,"journal":{"name":"Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47206314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-3-57-65
A. Krylov, B. Narkevich, A. Ryzhkov, V. Krylov, T. Geliashvili, A. Pronin
Purpose: Development of a methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of radionuclide therapy for bone metastases based on dosimetric and clinical and laboratory criteria. Material and methods: A comparative analysis of the functionality of various criteria for assessing the long-term and short-term effectiveness of radionuclide therapy of bone metastases was carried out. Focal absorbed doses of internal exposure are considered as one of the criteria, for the determination of which a simplified method for their calculation is proposed based on quantitative data from SPECT/CT scanning of an X-ray phantom and a real patient who has been injected with a β-γ-emitting therapeutic radiopharmaceutical. Results: On a clinical example of radionuclide therapy with 177Lu-PSMA-617 in a patient with stage 4 prostate cancer, dose estimates of internal irradiation of foci with β-particles were obtained. Calculations were made for bone metastases of 7 localizations in dynamics for each of the 5 fractions of the course of radionuclide therapy. It is shown that the total focal doses for 5 fractions of internal exposure vary from 70.6 to 116.8 Gy for different foci, which corresponds to the literature data obtained by more accurate methods of dosimetry of internal exposure. The obtained dosimetric data were compared with efficacy estimates based on metabolic, hematological, hormonal and biochemical parameters, as well as on the tumor marker PSA. Conclusion: The main criterion for assessing the antitumor efficacy of radionuclide therapy is the metabolic activity of bone foci, while data on the accumulated focal doses of internal β-irradiation are of an auxiliary nature. Hematological indicators should be the criteria for assessing radiotoxicity and used to adjust the course of radionuclide therapy.
{"title":"The Efficacy of Radionuclide Therapy for Bone Metastasis","authors":"A. Krylov, B. Narkevich, A. Ryzhkov, V. Krylov, T. Geliashvili, A. Pronin","doi":"10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-3-57-65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-3-57-65","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Development of a methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of radionuclide therapy for bone metastases based on dosimetric and clinical and laboratory criteria. Material and methods: A comparative analysis of the functionality of various criteria for assessing the long-term and short-term effectiveness of radionuclide therapy of bone metastases was carried out. Focal absorbed doses of internal exposure are considered as one of the criteria, for the determination of which a simplified method for their calculation is proposed based on quantitative data from SPECT/CT scanning of an X-ray phantom and a real patient who has been injected with a β-γ-emitting therapeutic radiopharmaceutical. Results: On a clinical example of radionuclide therapy with 177Lu-PSMA-617 in a patient with stage 4 prostate cancer, dose estimates of internal irradiation of foci with β-particles were obtained. Calculations were made for bone metastases of 7 localizations in dynamics for each of the 5 fractions of the course of radionuclide therapy. It is shown that the total focal doses for 5 fractions of internal exposure vary from 70.6 to 116.8 Gy for different foci, which corresponds to the literature data obtained by more accurate methods of dosimetry of internal exposure. The obtained dosimetric data were compared with efficacy estimates based on metabolic, hematological, hormonal and biochemical parameters, as well as on the tumor marker PSA. Conclusion: The main criterion for assessing the antitumor efficacy of radionuclide therapy is the metabolic activity of bone foci, while data on the accumulated focal doses of internal β-irradiation are of an auxiliary nature. Hematological indicators should be the criteria for assessing radiotoxicity and used to adjust the course of radionuclide therapy.","PeriodicalId":37358,"journal":{"name":"Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43995204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-3-21-32
A. N. Koterov, L. Ushenkova, I. G. Dibirgadzhiev, A. Wainson, M. Kalinina, A. Biryukov
The lens cells are the most radiosensitive cells in the body, surpassing even lymphocytes in key parameters. Radiation damages in the lens can be observed at relatively low doses, in connection with which a number of authors attribute to these effects not a deterministic, but a stochastic nature. Although cataractogenic consequences do not always affect visual acuity, and lens undergo successful surgical correction, when irradiating various professional groups, including workers in the nuclear industry, these consequences are regarded in importance immediately after malignant neoplasms and diseases of the circulatory system. The presented study showed that there are very few publications on the lens disorders in nuclear workers – only 20 sources were identified (1967–2022), and no data were found on the effects of low doses (0.1 Gy for low LET radiation). When conducting a meta-analysis for ERR at 1 Gy/Sv for radiation damage in the lens of nuclear workers, three cohorts turned out to be relevant: a small group in the American study of transuranium elements processing, Mayak personnel and ROSATOM workers – liquidators of the Chernobyl accident. The sample was homogeneous, publication bias was unlikely, and, according to the results of a meta-analysis (Fixed effect model), ERR per 1 Gy/Sv was 0.30 (95 % confidence intervals: 0.25; 0.35). Based on the earlier work (Koterov A.N. et al, 2022) of the mean cumulative dose of external exposure for nuclear workers as a world professional category, which amounted to 31.1 mSv, the calculation showed that with ERR = 0.3 per 1 Gy/Sv excess prevalence of cataracts for a group of ‘average’ workers is 0.0093. This corresponds to an increase in prevalence of 0.096 % over a background level of 10.3 % for potentially radiogenic cataracts (last value taken from a meta analysis by Hashemi H. et al., 2020). Such an increase is unlikely to have practical significance. Although for some cohorts (Sellafield, PO ‘Mayak’) there may be groups with significant cumulative doses and, therefore, with increased risks. The importance of the risks of cataractogenic disorders in the lens in radiation workers may be due to a decrease in professional suitability, since the artificial lens, as a rule, is poorly capable of accommodation.
{"title":"Excess Relative Risk of Cataractogenic Lense Disordes in Nuclear Workers: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","authors":"A. N. Koterov, L. Ushenkova, I. G. Dibirgadzhiev, A. Wainson, M. Kalinina, A. Biryukov","doi":"10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-3-21-32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-3-21-32","url":null,"abstract":"The lens cells are the most radiosensitive cells in the body, surpassing even lymphocytes in key parameters. Radiation damages in the lens can be observed at relatively low doses, in connection with which a number of authors attribute to these effects not a deterministic, but a stochastic nature. Although cataractogenic consequences do not always affect visual acuity, and lens undergo successful surgical correction, when irradiating various professional groups, including workers in the nuclear industry, these consequences are regarded in importance immediately after malignant neoplasms and diseases of the circulatory system. The presented study showed that there are very few publications on the lens disorders in nuclear workers – only 20 sources were identified (1967–2022), and no data were found on the effects of low doses (0.1 Gy for low LET radiation). When conducting a meta-analysis for ERR at 1 Gy/Sv for radiation damage in the lens of nuclear workers, three cohorts turned out to be relevant: a small group in the American study of transuranium elements processing, Mayak personnel and ROSATOM workers – liquidators of the Chernobyl accident. The sample was homogeneous, publication bias was unlikely, and, according to the results of a meta-analysis (Fixed effect model), ERR per 1 Gy/Sv was 0.30 (95 % confidence intervals: 0.25; 0.35). Based on the earlier work (Koterov A.N. et al, 2022) of the mean cumulative dose of external exposure for nuclear workers as a world professional category, which amounted to 31.1 mSv, the calculation showed that with ERR = 0.3 per 1 Gy/Sv excess prevalence of cataracts for a group of ‘average’ workers is 0.0093. This corresponds to an increase in prevalence of 0.096 % over a background level of 10.3 % for potentially radiogenic cataracts (last value taken from a meta analysis by Hashemi H. et al., 2020). Such an increase is unlikely to have practical significance. Although for some cohorts (Sellafield, PO ‘Mayak’) there may be groups with significant cumulative doses and, therefore, with increased risks. The importance of the risks of cataractogenic disorders in the lens in radiation workers may be due to a decrease in professional suitability, since the artificial lens, as a rule, is poorly capable of accommodation.","PeriodicalId":37358,"journal":{"name":"Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42502279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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