Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-3-57-67
A. N. Koterov, L. Ushenkova, A. Wainson, I. G. Dibirgadzhiev, M. Kalinina, A.Yu. Bushmanov
To date, there are about 100 meta-analyses for lung cancer and circulatory (cardiovascular) diseases (CVD) as the effects of second hand smoking (SHS). The obtained risk values (Relative Risk – RR, odds ratio – OR, etc.) are in the range of 1.2–1.3, but there are no definitively accepted estimates yet, and many estimates were not made in recent years. Both SHS and work at nuclear industry enterprises have become stereotypes in everyday and scientific everyday consciousness, meaning something harmful in everyday and professional terms. The present study compared the mortality risks from all cancers, lung cancer, and CVD for SHS and nuclear workers (NW). At the first stage, an umbrella review (review of reviews; overview) and meta-analyses of meta-analyses (meta-meta-analyses) on the risks of mortality from these pathologies as effects of SHS were performed. Umbrella review and meta-meta-analysis are regarded as the highest level of evidence and, thus, the identified risks can be conditionally considered as ‘standard’. There were insufficient data available for all cancer mortality rates after SHS; Therefore, the results from the meta-analysis by Kim A.S. et al, 2018 were used., and meta-meta-analyses were performed for lung cancer and CVD mortality. The risk values were in the range of 1.22–1.24, which replicates previous findings. At the second stage, the risks identified for SHS were compared with the risks of mortality from the named pathologies for NW. The sample of publications for NW, extracted from the database maintained by the authors, included the most representative cohorts in relation to nuclear installations: with maximum doses, as well as combined cohorts (14–15 countries and INWORK – 3 countries). Based on published ERRs per 1 Gy for a given NW population, the radiation doses that NW would have to accumulate to approach the mortality risks from SHS were calculated. To achieve SHS risks for all three disease types, NWs were found to need to receive radiation doses ranging from 129–183 mSv to 1.07–6.0 Sv. There have been no cases in which the risk from SHS was equivalent to exposure to low-dose radiation (up to 100 mGy); more often, doses were localized in the range of about 300–800 mSv, up to 6 Sv. Analysis of published data on dose distributions for NW has demonstrated that such doses are received either by a relatively small or vanishingly small proportion of NW. Risks for 80–96 % of NWs from various countries, including activities since the 1940s, did not reach the harms of chronic exposure to SHS. It is concluded that the decades-long study of risks for NW, in particular ‘low doses’, does not seem adequate without taking into account the magnitude of even weak, but poorly controlled risks of everyday life, and the data obtained once again improves the image of employment in the field of nuclear energy.
{"title":"The Mortality Risk from Main Pathologies Due to Passive Smoking is not Achieved by the Overwhelming Majority of Nuclear Workers in All Periods of Employment","authors":"A. N. Koterov, L. Ushenkova, A. Wainson, I. G. Dibirgadzhiev, M. Kalinina, A.Yu. Bushmanov","doi":"10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-3-57-67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-3-57-67","url":null,"abstract":"To date, there are about 100 meta-analyses for lung cancer and circulatory (cardiovascular) diseases (CVD) as the effects of second hand smoking (SHS). The obtained risk values (Relative Risk – RR, odds ratio – OR, etc.) are in the range of 1.2–1.3, but there are no definitively accepted estimates yet, and many estimates were not made in recent years. Both SHS and work at nuclear industry enterprises have become stereotypes in everyday and scientific everyday consciousness, meaning something harmful in everyday and professional terms. The present study compared the mortality risks from all cancers, lung cancer, and CVD for SHS and nuclear workers (NW). At the first stage, an umbrella review (review of reviews; overview) and meta-analyses of meta-analyses (meta-meta-analyses) on the risks of mortality from these pathologies as effects of SHS were performed. Umbrella review and meta-meta-analysis are regarded as the highest level of evidence and, thus, the identified risks can be conditionally considered as ‘standard’. There were insufficient data available for all cancer mortality rates after SHS; Therefore, the results from the meta-analysis by Kim A.S. et al, 2018 were used., and meta-meta-analyses were performed for lung cancer and CVD mortality. The risk values were in the range of 1.22–1.24, which replicates previous findings. At the second stage, the risks identified for SHS were compared with the risks of mortality from the named pathologies for NW. The sample of publications for NW, extracted from the database maintained by the authors, included the most representative cohorts in relation to nuclear installations: with maximum doses, as well as combined cohorts (14–15 countries and INWORK – 3 countries). Based on published ERRs per 1 Gy for a given NW population, the radiation doses that NW would have to accumulate to approach the mortality risks from SHS were calculated. To achieve SHS risks for all three disease types, NWs were found to need to receive radiation doses ranging from 129–183 mSv to 1.07–6.0 Sv. There have been no cases in which the risk from SHS was equivalent to exposure to low-dose radiation (up to 100 mGy); more often, doses were localized in the range of about 300–800 mSv, up to 6 Sv. Analysis of published data on dose distributions for NW has demonstrated that such doses are received either by a relatively small or vanishingly small proportion of NW. Risks for 80–96 % of NWs from various countries, including activities since the 1940s, did not reach the harms of chronic exposure to SHS. It is concluded that the decades-long study of risks for NW, in particular ‘low doses’, does not seem adequate without taking into account the magnitude of even weak, but poorly controlled risks of everyday life, and the data obtained once again improves the image of employment in the field of nuclear energy.","PeriodicalId":37358,"journal":{"name":"Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141407063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-3-81-85
M. Al-Rawi, Izz K. Abboud, N. Al-Awad
A brain tumor refers to an abnormal collection or aggregation of cells in the brain that has the potential to be life-threatening owing to the cells’ capacity to penetrate and metastasize to organs that are nearby. It is possible to save lives by making a correct diagnosis of this potentially fatal condition. Within the last several years, there has been a noticeable increase in the functionality of deep learning applications. As a result, improving the module’s architecture leads to better approximations in the monitored configuration. Through the provision of trustworthy datasets, the categorization of tumors via the use of deep learning algorithms has successfully achieved significant progress. The purpose of this article is to use transfer module algorithms for the prediction of brain tumors. These modules include MobileNet, VGG19, InceptionResNetV2, Inception, and DenseNet201. The suggested module uses three main optimizers: Adam, SGD, and RMSprop. The simulation findings indicate that the pre-trained MobileNet module with the RMSprop optimizer outperformed all other evaluated modules. In addition to having the shortest amount of time required for computing, it obtained an accuracy of 99.6 %, a sensitivity of 99.4 %, and a specificity of 100 %.
{"title":"Novel Approach Using Transfer Deep Learning for Brain Tumor Prediction","authors":"M. Al-Rawi, Izz K. Abboud, N. Al-Awad","doi":"10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-3-81-85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-3-81-85","url":null,"abstract":"A brain tumor refers to an abnormal collection or aggregation of cells in the brain that has the potential to be life-threatening owing to the cells’ capacity to penetrate and metastasize to organs that are nearby. It is possible to save lives by making a correct diagnosis of this potentially fatal condition. Within the last several years, there has been a noticeable increase in the functionality of deep learning applications. As a result, improving the module’s architecture leads to better approximations in the monitored configuration. Through the provision of trustworthy datasets, the categorization of tumors via the use of deep learning algorithms has successfully achieved significant progress. The purpose of this article is to use transfer module algorithms for the prediction of brain tumors. These modules include MobileNet, VGG19, InceptionResNetV2, Inception, and DenseNet201. The suggested module uses three main optimizers: Adam, SGD, and RMSprop. The simulation findings indicate that the pre-trained MobileNet module with the RMSprop optimizer outperformed all other evaluated modules. In addition to having the shortest amount of time required for computing, it obtained an accuracy of 99.6 %, a sensitivity of 99.4 %, and a specificity of 100 %.","PeriodicalId":37358,"journal":{"name":"Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141412403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-3-72-76
O. Bragina, M.E. Borodina, V. Chernov, S. Deyev, M. A. Vostrikova, A.A. Romanova
Purpose: Study the acute toxicity of the radiopharmaceutical [99mTc]Tc-(HE)3-G3 in breast cancer patients. Material and Methods: The study included 10 breast cancer patients (T1-4N0-2M0) with different HER2/neu expression before systemic/surgical treatment, who were injected with 1000 μg of DARPinG3 protein labeled with technetium-99m ([99mTc]Tc-(HE)3-G3). Throughout the study (48 hours), patients were monitored by medical personnel, during which complaints were assessed, heart rate, blood pressure and body temperature were measured before injection of the radiopharmaceutical, as well as 2, 4, 6, 24 and 48 hours after injection. Additionally, laboratory tests such as general and biochemical blood tests and general urine analysis were performed before injection, 48 hours and 7 days later. Results: The presence of complaints, as well as the detection of adverse reactions in breast cancer patients included in the study at the time of injection of the radiopharmaceutical [99mTc]Tc-(HE)3-G3, as well as 2, 4, 6, 24, 48 hours and 7 days after injection were not detected. The measurement of heart rate, body temperature, and blood pressure also showed no pathological abnormalities. According to general and biochemical blood analysis, general urine analysis and ECG results, no abnormalities were found 2, 4, 6, 24 and 48 hours, as well as 7 days after of the radiopharmaceutical [99mTc]Tc-(HE)3-G3. Conclusion: The performed studies fully demonstrate the safety of the clinical use of the radiopharmaceutical [99mTc]Tc-(HE)3-G3 for radionuclide diagnosis of breast cancer patients. The data obtained were confirmed both by the subjective sensations of the patients directly included in the analysis, and by the data of clinical quantitative parameters before the start, as well as 2, 4, 6, 24 and 48 hours after injection of the radiopharmaceutical [99mTc]Tc-(HE)3-G3.
{"title":"Assessment of Acute Toxicity of the 99mTc(CO)3-(HE)3-DARPinG3 in Breast Cancer Patients","authors":"O. Bragina, M.E. Borodina, V. Chernov, S. Deyev, M. A. Vostrikova, A.A. Romanova","doi":"10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-3-72-76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-3-72-76","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Study the acute toxicity of the radiopharmaceutical [99mTc]Tc-(HE)3-G3 in breast cancer patients. Material and Methods: The study included 10 breast cancer patients (T1-4N0-2M0) with different HER2/neu expression before systemic/surgical treatment, who were injected with 1000 μg of DARPinG3 protein labeled with technetium-99m ([99mTc]Tc-(HE)3-G3). Throughout the study (48 hours), patients were monitored by medical personnel, during which complaints were assessed, heart rate, blood pressure and body temperature were measured before injection of the radiopharmaceutical, as well as 2, 4, 6, 24 and 48 hours after injection. Additionally, laboratory tests such as general and biochemical blood tests and general urine analysis were performed before injection, 48 hours and 7 days later. Results: The presence of complaints, as well as the detection of adverse reactions in breast cancer patients included in the study at the time of injection of the radiopharmaceutical [99mTc]Tc-(HE)3-G3, as well as 2, 4, 6, 24, 48 hours and 7 days after injection were not detected. The measurement of heart rate, body temperature, and blood pressure also showed no pathological abnormalities. According to general and biochemical blood analysis, general urine analysis and ECG results, no abnormalities were found 2, 4, 6, 24 and 48 hours, as well as 7 days after of the radiopharmaceutical [99mTc]Tc-(HE)3-G3. Conclusion: The performed studies fully demonstrate the safety of the clinical use of the radiopharmaceutical [99mTc]Tc-(HE)3-G3 for radionuclide diagnosis of breast cancer patients. The data obtained were confirmed both by the subjective sensations of the patients directly included in the analysis, and by the data of clinical quantitative parameters before the start, as well as 2, 4, 6, 24 and 48 hours after injection of the radiopharmaceutical [99mTc]Tc-(HE)3-G3.","PeriodicalId":37358,"journal":{"name":"Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141402338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-3-46-52
A. M. Korelo, M. Maksioutov, S. Chekin, E. Kochergina, O. E. Lashkova
Purpose: To give a general idea of the most common combinations of diseases in the male population of the Russian Federation and to identify the combinations of diseases, the development of which could be influenced by ionising radiation. Material and methods: Cohort study of the influence of external gamma irradiation on multimorbidity of the Chernobyl accident liquidation participants according to the data of the National Radiation Epidemiological Registry. Multimorbidity was defined as the presence in one participant of the cohort of two or more diseases from the list consisting of ten groups of diagnoses: diseases of lower respiratory tract, diseases of musculoskeletal system, diseases of endocrine system, mental disorders, oncology, neurology, diseases of digestive organs, diseases of cardiovascular system, diseases of genitourinary system, diseases of sense organs. The cohort consisted of men born between 1919 and 1969 who worked in the accident zone from 1986 to 1987 and had a documented whole-body external gamma dose. Cohort follow-up period: 1992–2021. The cohort size at the beginning of the follow-up was 59 290 people. The study participants were divided into two groups according to external gamma dose: up to 150 mGy – 34602 individuals, 150 mGy and more – 24 688 individuals. For all possible combinations of diagnoses, relative radiation risk was calculated as a measure of the association of exposure with diseases. The relative radiation risk was considered statistically significant if the left border of the one-sided 95 % confidence interval was greater than 1. Statistical analyses were performed using the R programming language for statistical computing and the R arules package. Results: During 30 years of follow-up, multimorbidity was noted in 62 % of individuals. The most common combinations of chronic diseases were combinations of cardiovascular diseases with digestive diseases (23 % of the original cohort), with lower respiratory diseases (22 %) and with musculoskeletal diseases (18 %). A combination of all four diagnosis groups was identified in 5 % of individuals. Nineteen multimorbid combinations with statistically significant relative radiation risk in the range (1.07–1.23) were identified. Conclusions: No effect of radiation exposure on the number of individuals with multimorbidity was found, but in the studied cohort there are individuals with cardiovascular diseases, endocrine diseases, oncology and combinations of these groups of diagnoses with diseases of other body systems may be caused by radiation exposure. The statistically significant relative radiation risk for combinations of diagnoses is, in general, greater than for the individual diseases that make up these combinations.
{"title":"Analysis of the Influence of Radiation Exposure on Multimorbidity Among Liquidators of the Consequences of the Accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant","authors":"A. M. Korelo, M. Maksioutov, S. Chekin, E. Kochergina, O. E. Lashkova","doi":"10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-3-46-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-3-46-52","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To give a general idea of the most common combinations of diseases in the male population of the Russian Federation and to identify the combinations of diseases, the development of which could be influenced by ionising radiation. Material and methods: Cohort study of the influence of external gamma irradiation on multimorbidity of the Chernobyl accident liquidation participants according to the data of the National Radiation Epidemiological Registry. Multimorbidity was defined as the presence in one participant of the cohort of two or more diseases from the list consisting of ten groups of diagnoses: diseases of lower respiratory tract, diseases of musculoskeletal system, diseases of endocrine system, mental disorders, oncology, neurology, diseases of digestive organs, diseases of cardiovascular system, diseases of genitourinary system, diseases of sense organs. The cohort consisted of men born between 1919 and 1969 who worked in the accident zone from 1986 to 1987 and had a documented whole-body external gamma dose. Cohort follow-up period: 1992–2021. The cohort size at the beginning of the follow-up was 59 290 people. The study participants were divided into two groups according to external gamma dose: up to 150 mGy – 34602 individuals, 150 mGy and more – 24 688 individuals. For all possible combinations of diagnoses, relative radiation risk was calculated as a measure of the association of exposure with diseases. The relative radiation risk was considered statistically significant if the left border of the one-sided 95 % confidence interval was greater than 1. Statistical analyses were performed using the R programming language for statistical computing and the R arules package. Results: During 30 years of follow-up, multimorbidity was noted in 62 % of individuals. The most common combinations of chronic diseases were combinations of cardiovascular diseases with digestive diseases (23 % of the original cohort), with lower respiratory diseases (22 %) and with musculoskeletal diseases (18 %). A combination of all four diagnosis groups was identified in 5 % of individuals. Nineteen multimorbid combinations with statistically significant relative radiation risk in the range (1.07–1.23) were identified. Conclusions: No effect of radiation exposure on the number of individuals with multimorbidity was found, but in the studied cohort there are individuals with cardiovascular diseases, endocrine diseases, oncology and combinations of these groups of diagnoses with diseases of other body systems may be caused by radiation exposure. The statistically significant relative radiation risk for combinations of diagnoses is, in general, greater than for the individual diseases that make up these combinations.","PeriodicalId":37358,"journal":{"name":"Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141402986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-3-68-71
M.V. Chernykh, T.A. Krylova
Purpose: To describe the essence, tasks and algorithm of comprehensive audit in radiotherapy departments of medical institutions in Rus sian Federation. The methodology of audits conducted by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and adapted for its further application, was used as a model. The global goal of the audit project is to standardize and harmonize procedures to ensure safety and quality control of treatment of cancer patients in different institutions, to enable comparison of radiation therapy results among participating institutions, to conduct interclinical studies and, possibly, to create a unified data register. Material and methods: One of the main aspects of clinical audits is the harmonization of standards between different departments. Clinical audits in radiotherapy can be an important tool for interclinical quality assurance (QA) program, effectiveness and safety of radiotherapy, and treatment protocols synchronization. Audits allow an in-depth analysis of the procedures and processes governing patient care in a particular clinic. Such clinical audits cover the whole chain of patients care, the organization of structural units, the infrastructure, clinical, physics and technical aspects underlying the radiotherapy department. This audit is a peer review process conducted by an audit team consisting of a radiation oncologist (RO), medical physicist (MP) and radiation technologist (RTT) and is known as QUATRO and stands for Quality Assurance Team in Radiation Oncology). Possible audit tools include: 1. Saff interviewing. 2. Examination of the structure of the entire department. 3. Review and evaluation of procedures and all relevant documentation, including analysis of patient charts. 4. Conducting independent measurements of absorbed doses and other methods of local procedures monitoring, where relevant and appropriate. 5. Observation of the practical implementation of operating procedures. Results: It was decided to use the IAEA QUATRO methodology for clinical audits and to adapt it to the specifics of radiotherapy in Russian Federation. One of the advantages of such a clinical audit is that the formalism and algorithm of this approach will be identically applied in all departments, which will allow comparing and analyzing the results. In order to obtain structured information, a detailed research protocol, which is a questionnaire, has been developed. The questions in the questionnaire allow to assess key aspects of the radiotherapy process that affect clinical outcomes and treatment efficiency.
目的：描述俄罗斯联邦医疗机构放射治疗部门全面审计的实质、任务和算法。以国际原子能机构（IAEA）开展的审计方法为范本，并对其进行调整以进一步应用。审计项目的总体目标是实现程序的标准化和统一化，以确保不同机构对癌症患者的治疗安全和质量控制，使参与机构之间能够比较放射治疗结果，开展临床间研究，并在可能的情况下建立统一的数据登记册。材料和方法：临床审计的一个主要方面是协调不同部门之间的标准。放疗临床审核是临床间质量保证（QA）计划、放疗有效性和安全性以及治疗方案同步化的重要工具。通过审核，可以深入分析特定诊所的病人护理程序和流程。这种临床审核涵盖病人护理的整个链条、结构单元的组织、放射治疗部门的基础设施、临床、物理和技术方面。这种审核是由放射肿瘤学家（RO）、医学物理学家（MP）和放射技术专家（RTT）组成的审核小组进行的同行评审过程，被称为 QUATRO（放射肿瘤质量保证小组的缩写）。可能的审计工具包括1.萨夫访谈。2.检查整个部门的结构。3.审查和评估程序及所有相关文件，包括分析病历。4.在相关和适当的情况下，对吸收剂量进行独立测量，并采用其他方法对局部程序进行监测。5.观察操作程序的实际执行情况。结果：决定采用国际原子能机构的 QUATRO 方法进行临床审核，并根据俄罗斯联邦放射治疗的具体情况进行调整。这种临床审核的优点之一是，这种方法的形式和算法在所有科室的应用都是相同的，因此可以对结果进行比较和分析。为了获得结构化信息，我们制定了详细的研究方案，即调查问卷。问卷中的问题可用于评估放射治疗过程中影响临床效果和治疗效率的关键环节。
{"title":"Clinical Audits Methodology of the Radiotherapy Departments in Russian Federation Based on IAEA Audits Principles","authors":"M.V. Chernykh, T.A. Krylova","doi":"10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-3-68-71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-3-68-71","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To describe the essence, tasks and algorithm of comprehensive audit in radiotherapy departments of medical institutions in Rus sian Federation. The methodology of audits conducted by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and adapted for its further application, was used as a model. The global goal of the audit project is to standardize and harmonize procedures to ensure safety and quality control of treatment of cancer patients in different institutions, to enable comparison of radiation therapy results among participating institutions, to conduct interclinical studies and, possibly, to create a unified data register. Material and methods: One of the main aspects of clinical audits is the harmonization of standards between different departments. Clinical audits in radiotherapy can be an important tool for interclinical quality assurance (QA) program, effectiveness and safety of radiotherapy, and treatment protocols synchronization. Audits allow an in-depth analysis of the procedures and processes governing patient care in a particular clinic. Such clinical audits cover the whole chain of patients care, the organization of structural units, the infrastructure, clinical, physics and technical aspects underlying the radiotherapy department. This audit is a peer review process conducted by an audit team consisting of a radiation oncologist (RO), medical physicist (MP) and radiation technologist (RTT) and is known as QUATRO and stands for Quality Assurance Team in Radiation Oncology). Possible audit tools include: 1. Saff interviewing. 2. Examination of the structure of the entire department. 3. Review and evaluation of procedures and all relevant documentation, including analysis of patient charts. 4. Conducting independent measurements of absorbed doses and other methods of local procedures monitoring, where relevant and appropriate. 5. Observation of the practical implementation of operating procedures. Results: It was decided to use the IAEA QUATRO methodology for clinical audits and to adapt it to the specifics of radiotherapy in Russian Federation. One of the advantages of such a clinical audit is that the formalism and algorithm of this approach will be identically applied in all departments, which will allow comparing and analyzing the results. In order to obtain structured information, a detailed research protocol, which is a questionnaire, has been developed. The questions in the questionnaire allow to assess key aspects of the radiotherapy process that affect clinical outcomes and treatment efficiency.","PeriodicalId":37358,"journal":{"name":"Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141404371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-3-26-34
L. Romodin, E. Yashkina, A.A. Moskovskij
Currently, cell cultures are most often used as an experimental model system in biological research. However, to correctly plan studies using this model system, many aspects must be taken into account. Thus, to be able to correctly assess the effect of radioprotective drugs on cells, it is first necessary to study the effect of these substances on the properties of cells in culture. And the main property for work using plate readers is the ability of cells to adhere to the bottom of the plate and the rate of cell proliferation. This work is devoted to the study of human riboxin (inosine), copper chlorophyllin, trolox and indralin, the growth properties of cells in a culture based on the A549 cell line - human lung adenocarcinoma. Riboxin, chlorophyllin and trolox are promising compounds that make it possible to study their radioprotective properties. Indralin is a reference classic radioprotector. This process used a water-soluble form containing tartaric acid to allow indralin to dissolve in water. The experiment consisted of incubating A549 cells for 24 hours in a solution of riboxin (inosine), copper chlorophyllin, Trolox or tartaric acid at a concentration of 2 mM or in a mixture of 2 mM tartaric acid and 1.9 mM indralin, followed by assessment of the cell content in the samples compared to cells incubated without the addition of these substances, based on the fluorescence of the Hoechst-33342 dye. An additional experiment with chlorophyllin consisted in incubating cells with chlorophyllin already attached to the bottom of the tablet in the concentration range of 50–500 μM for 2.5 hours, followed by an assessment of the content of the remaining cells in the tablet. All studied substances statistically significantly reduced the cell content in the samples compared to the control. The greatest decrease in cell content was observed in the sample with chlorophyllin, and the least – with riboxin. As a result of additional experience in incubating already attached cells in chlorophyllin solution with concentrations of 50–500 μM, it was shown that this substance dose-dependently inhibits the adhesive properties of cells of the A549 line. At the same time, chlorophyllin already at a concentration of 50 μM statistically significantly reduced the cell content in the sample after washing the wells of the tablet compared with the control sample. The decrease in cell content in the sample containing a mixture of indralin and tartaric acid was statistically significantly more pronounced than that caused by incubation in a solution of tartaric acid alone. That is, the recognized radioprotector indralin demonstrated a pronounced inhibition of the growth properties of the A549 cell line. Based on the information obtained, we can conclude that when planning future studies of the substances studied in this work on a cell culture model, it is necessary to take into account the fact that they inhibit the growth of the cell culture.
{"title":"Fluorimetric Evaluation of the Effect of Riboxin, Copper Chlorophyllin, Trolox and the Soluble form of Indralin on the Growth Properties of A549 Cells in Culture","authors":"L. Romodin, E. Yashkina, A.A. Moskovskij","doi":"10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-3-26-34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-3-26-34","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, cell cultures are most often used as an experimental model system in biological research. However, to correctly plan studies using this model system, many aspects must be taken into account. Thus, to be able to correctly assess the effect of radioprotective drugs on cells, it is first necessary to study the effect of these substances on the properties of cells in culture. And the main property for work using plate readers is the ability of cells to adhere to the bottom of the plate and the rate of cell proliferation. This work is devoted to the study of human riboxin (inosine), copper chlorophyllin, trolox and indralin, the growth properties of cells in a culture based on the A549 cell line - human lung adenocarcinoma. Riboxin, chlorophyllin and trolox are promising compounds that make it possible to study their radioprotective properties. Indralin is a reference classic radioprotector. This process used a water-soluble form containing tartaric acid to allow indralin to dissolve in water. The experiment consisted of incubating A549 cells for 24 hours in a solution of riboxin (inosine), copper chlorophyllin, Trolox or tartaric acid at a concentration of 2 mM or in a mixture of 2 mM tartaric acid and 1.9 mM indralin, followed by assessment of the cell content in the samples compared to cells incubated without the addition of these substances, based on the fluorescence of the Hoechst-33342 dye. An additional experiment with chlorophyllin consisted in incubating cells with chlorophyllin already attached to the bottom of the tablet in the concentration range of 50–500 μM for 2.5 hours, followed by an assessment of the content of the remaining cells in the tablet. All studied substances statistically significantly reduced the cell content in the samples compared to the control. The greatest decrease in cell content was observed in the sample with chlorophyllin, and the least – with riboxin. As a result of additional experience in incubating already attached cells in chlorophyllin solution with concentrations of 50–500 μM, it was shown that this substance dose-dependently inhibits the adhesive properties of cells of the A549 line. At the same time, chlorophyllin already at a concentration of 50 μM statistically significantly reduced the cell content in the sample after washing the wells of the tablet compared with the control sample. The decrease in cell content in the sample containing a mixture of indralin and tartaric acid was statistically significantly more pronounced than that caused by incubation in a solution of tartaric acid alone. That is, the recognized radioprotector indralin demonstrated a pronounced inhibition of the growth properties of the A549 cell line. Based on the information obtained, we can conclude that when planning future studies of the substances studied in this work on a cell culture model, it is necessary to take into account the fact that they inhibit the growth of the cell culture.","PeriodicalId":37358,"journal":{"name":"Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141406907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-3-89-90
I.V. Ivanov, V.N. Vyalykh
{"title":"In Memory of Radiotoxicologist Yuri Alexandrovich Klassovsky for the 100th Anniversary of his Birth on 01/15/1924–04/27/1982","authors":"I.V. Ivanov, V.N. Vyalykh","doi":"10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-3-89-90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-3-89-90","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37358,"journal":{"name":"Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141397068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-3-77-80
I.O. Tomashevsky, O.S. Kornikova
Purpose: To study the frequency of calcinosis of coronary arteries and its effect on myocardial perfusion and contractile function among men’s with coronary heart disease (CHD). Material and methods: A survey was conducted among 1175 men’s aged 30 to 83 years with coronary artery disease (CHD): simultaneous assessment of coronary artery calcinosis, perfusion and contractile function with 99m Tc-MIBI using SPECT/CT with ECG-synchronization and X-ray radiation attenuation correction, as well as comparison of data with the results of electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography (ECHO-CG), clinical and biochemical blood tests. Results: Of the 1175 men examined using SPECT/CT, coronary artery calcification was detected in 426 (35 %): in the age group over 55 years old – in 142 (12 %), in the age group 46−55 years old – in 200 (17 %), in the age group 27–45 years old – in 74 (6 %). The interval of calcium index indicators in accordance with the Agatston scale was established as follows: at the maximum degree > 400 units – in 87 males (7 % of all examined); at 101−400 units – at 121 (10 %); at 11−100 units – at 162 (14 %); at 1−10 units – in 46 (4 %); with a minimum degree − of 0 units – in 759 men (65 % of all examined). In 34 men of whom 15 had coronary calcification and 19 did not have it, perfusion index (SPB) was either normal or corresponded to the initial degree of decrease in perfusion, and contractile function was slightly impaired, the ejection fraction was not reduced. Conclusion: The use of SPECT/CT technology with ECG-synchronization and CT-attenuation correction of radiation, in 1175 men with CHD made it possible to detect coronary calcification in 35 %: at the age of 55 years in 12 %, at the age of 46–55 years in 17 %, at the age of 27–45 years – in 6 %. In men with CHD without acute coronary events, both with and without coronary calcinosis, SPB was either normal or corresponded to the initial degree of reduced perfusion, and contractile function was slightly impaired, EF was not reduced. Three years later, in men whose coronary artery calcification was moderate despite its increase to a high degree, the perfusion (SPB) and contractile function indicators did not significantly change, and such indicators did not significantly change in the absence of coronary artery calcification.
{"title":"The Importance of SPECT/CT in Simultaneous Assessment of Calcinosis of Coronary Arteries, Perfusion and Contractile Function of the Myocardium among Men’s with Coronary Heart Disease","authors":"I.O. Tomashevsky, O.S. Kornikova","doi":"10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-3-77-80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-3-77-80","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To study the frequency of calcinosis of coronary arteries and its effect on myocardial perfusion and contractile function among men’s with coronary heart disease (CHD). Material and methods: A survey was conducted among 1175 men’s aged 30 to 83 years with coronary artery disease (CHD): simultaneous assessment of coronary artery calcinosis, perfusion and contractile function with 99m Tc-MIBI using SPECT/CT with ECG-synchronization and X-ray radiation attenuation correction, as well as comparison of data with the results of electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography (ECHO-CG), clinical and biochemical blood tests. Results: Of the 1175 men examined using SPECT/CT, coronary artery calcification was detected in 426 (35 %): in the age group over 55 years old – in 142 (12 %), in the age group 46−55 years old – in 200 (17 %), in the age group 27–45 years old – in 74 (6 %). The interval of calcium index indicators in accordance with the Agatston scale was established as follows: at the maximum degree > 400 units – in 87 males (7 % of all examined); at 101−400 units – at 121 (10 %); at 11−100 units – at 162 (14 %); at 1−10 units – in 46 (4 %); with a minimum degree − of 0 units – in 759 men (65 % of all examined). In 34 men of whom 15 had coronary calcification and 19 did not have it, perfusion index (SPB) was either normal or corresponded to the initial degree of decrease in perfusion, and contractile function was slightly impaired, the ejection fraction was not reduced. Conclusion: The use of SPECT/CT technology with ECG-synchronization and CT-attenuation correction of radiation, in 1175 men with CHD made it possible to detect coronary calcification in 35 %: at the age of 55 years in 12 %, at the age of 46–55 years in 17 %, at the age of 27–45 years – in 6 %. In men with CHD without acute coronary events, both with and without coronary calcinosis, SPB was either normal or corresponded to the initial degree of reduced perfusion, and contractile function was slightly impaired, EF was not reduced. Three years later, in men whose coronary artery calcification was moderate despite its increase to a high degree, the perfusion (SPB) and contractile function indicators did not significantly change, and such indicators did not significantly change in the absence of coronary artery calcification.","PeriodicalId":37358,"journal":{"name":"Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141401492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-3-19-25
T. R. Gaynutdinov, S.A. Ryzhkin, K. Vagin, E.Yu. Trizna, S.E. Ohrimenko
Purpose: To study clinical, hematologic and immunologic parameters in assessing the anti-radiation efficacy of the therapeutic agent based on the microorganism Fusobacterium necrophorum. Material and methods: The studies on determination of the anti-radiation efficacy of the strains of microorganisms killed by gamma-irradiation were carried out on sexually mature sexless white mice and white rats with live weight of 18–20 and 180–200 g, respectively, divided into experimental and control groups according to the principle of analogs. Modeling of acute radiation sickness was carried out on a Puma gamma unit with a radioactive source of cesium-137 at a dose of LD100/30. As potential anti-radiation drugs we used inactivated by irradiation on the gamma unit Explorer preparations of microbial origin F. necrophorum strain 8. necrophorum strain 8TS630501 at doses of 15, 20, 25 and 30 kGy. The tested preparations were injected subcutaneously in the volume of 0.2 cm3 to white mice and 2.0 cm3 to white rats 3 days after radiation exposure. Results: It was experimentally established that complete sterilization of the microbe occurs at doses of 25 and 30 kGy. The culture of F. necrophorum, irradiated at doses of 25 and 30 kGy and administered to animals 3 days after external radiation exposure, promoted survival, preservation of 60 to 80 % of lethally irradiated white mice and rats. At the same time the recovery of leukocytes and hemoglobin number was slow and continued until the end of the study. In animals treated with the developed therapeutic agents, there was also a decrease in the number of T-cells, but it was less pronounced than in the irradiation control group. The number of B-lymphocytes was affected similarly to T-lymphocytes. The minimum of the number of B-lymphocytes in the experimental groups was noted at 14 days. Studies on the intensity of the process of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the content of malonic dialdehyde in peripheral blood of gamma-irradiated, treated and intact rats, it was found that in the irradiated control group there is a significant increase in the LPO index in blood in relation to biological control and treatment groups. Conclusion: It has been established that the highest anti-radiation efficacy is possessed by a therapeutic agent of microbial origin (RNF-30), which was obtained by gamma-irradiation at a dose of 30 kGy of the culture of F. necrophorum.
{"title":"Study of Clinical, Hematologic and Immunologic Parameters in Assessing the Anti-Radiation Efficacy of the Therapeutic Agent Based on the Microorganism Fusobacterium Necrophorum","authors":"T. R. Gaynutdinov, S.A. Ryzhkin, K. Vagin, E.Yu. Trizna, S.E. Ohrimenko","doi":"10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-3-19-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-3-19-25","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To study clinical, hematologic and immunologic parameters in assessing the anti-radiation efficacy of the therapeutic agent based on the microorganism Fusobacterium necrophorum. Material and methods: The studies on determination of the anti-radiation efficacy of the strains of microorganisms killed by gamma-irradiation were carried out on sexually mature sexless white mice and white rats with live weight of 18–20 and 180–200 g, respectively, divided into experimental and control groups according to the principle of analogs. Modeling of acute radiation sickness was carried out on a Puma gamma unit with a radioactive source of cesium-137 at a dose of LD100/30. As potential anti-radiation drugs we used inactivated by irradiation on the gamma unit Explorer preparations of microbial origin F. necrophorum strain 8. necrophorum strain 8TS630501 at doses of 15, 20, 25 and 30 kGy. The tested preparations were injected subcutaneously in the volume of 0.2 cm3 to white mice and 2.0 cm3 to white rats 3 days after radiation exposure. Results: It was experimentally established that complete sterilization of the microbe occurs at doses of 25 and 30 kGy. The culture of F. necrophorum, irradiated at doses of 25 and 30 kGy and administered to animals 3 days after external radiation exposure, promoted survival, preservation of 60 to 80 % of lethally irradiated white mice and rats. At the same time the recovery of leukocytes and hemoglobin number was slow and continued until the end of the study. In animals treated with the developed therapeutic agents, there was also a decrease in the number of T-cells, but it was less pronounced than in the irradiation control group. The number of B-lymphocytes was affected similarly to T-lymphocytes. The minimum of the number of B-lymphocytes in the experimental groups was noted at 14 days. Studies on the intensity of the process of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the content of malonic dialdehyde in peripheral blood of gamma-irradiated, treated and intact rats, it was found that in the irradiated control group there is a significant increase in the LPO index in blood in relation to biological control and treatment groups. Conclusion: It has been established that the highest anti-radiation efficacy is possessed by a therapeutic agent of microbial origin (RNF-30), which was obtained by gamma-irradiation at a dose of 30 kGy of the culture of F. necrophorum.","PeriodicalId":37358,"journal":{"name":"Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141402226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-3-13-18
A. Osipov, A. Chigasova, E. Yashkina, M. Ignatov, N.Yu. Vorobyеva, A. N. Osipov
Purpose: To analyze the relationship between cellular aging and changes in the number and size of phosphorylated histone H2AX (γH2AX) foci in human fibroblasts and their descendants (up to 15 passages) after exposure to low and high doses of X-ray radiation. Material and methods: The work was performed on a culture of human skin fibroblasts. Cells were irradiated in the exponential growth phase on an X-ray biological unit RUB RUST-M1 (Russia), equipped with two X-ray emitters, at a dose rate of 40 mGy/min (dose 100 mGy) or 850 mGy/min (doses 2000 and 5000 mGy) and temperature 4˚C. Immunocytochemical staining was used to assess the number and size of γH2AX foci and the proportion of proliferating cells using antibodies to γH2AX and Ki67 (a cell proliferation marker protein), respectively. To assess cellular senescence, the proportion of cells positive for senescence-associated β-galactosidase (CA-β-gal(+)) was analyzed. Statistical and mathematical analysis of the obtained data was carried out using the statistical software package Statistica 8.0 (StatSoft). Results: The studies showed that irradiation of cultured human fibroblasts at a low dose (100 mGy) does not lead to statistically significant changes in the number and size of γH2AX foci, as well as the proportion of non-proliferating and senescent cells in the progenies of irradiated cells up to the 15th passage after irradiation. The phenomenon of aging-associated persistence of an increased number and size of γH2AX foci in passages of cells irradiated at a dose of 5000 mGy was discovered. Mathematical analysis of the relationship between changes in the proportion of CA-β-gal(+) cells, the number and size of γH2AX foci in populations of irradiated cells indicates that radiation-induced cellular aging is more associated with the size, rather than the number, of γH2AX foci.
{"title":"Link Between Cellular Senescence and Changes in The Number and Size of Phosphorylated Histone H2ax Foci in Irradiated Human Fibroblasts","authors":"A. Osipov, A. Chigasova, E. Yashkina, M. Ignatov, N.Yu. Vorobyеva, A. N. Osipov","doi":"10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-3-13-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-3-13-18","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To analyze the relationship between cellular aging and changes in the number and size of phosphorylated histone H2AX (γH2AX) foci in human fibroblasts and their descendants (up to 15 passages) after exposure to low and high doses of X-ray radiation. Material and methods: The work was performed on a culture of human skin fibroblasts. Cells were irradiated in the exponential growth phase on an X-ray biological unit RUB RUST-M1 (Russia), equipped with two X-ray emitters, at a dose rate of 40 mGy/min (dose 100 mGy) or 850 mGy/min (doses 2000 and 5000 mGy) and temperature 4˚C. Immunocytochemical staining was used to assess the number and size of γH2AX foci and the proportion of proliferating cells using antibodies to γH2AX and Ki67 (a cell proliferation marker protein), respectively. To assess cellular senescence, the proportion of cells positive for senescence-associated β-galactosidase (CA-β-gal(+)) was analyzed. Statistical and mathematical analysis of the obtained data was carried out using the statistical software package Statistica 8.0 (StatSoft). Results: The studies showed that irradiation of cultured human fibroblasts at a low dose (100 mGy) does not lead to statistically significant changes in the number and size of γH2AX foci, as well as the proportion of non-proliferating and senescent cells in the progenies of irradiated cells up to the 15th passage after irradiation. The phenomenon of aging-associated persistence of an increased number and size of γH2AX foci in passages of cells irradiated at a dose of 5000 mGy was discovered. Mathematical analysis of the relationship between changes in the proportion of CA-β-gal(+) cells, the number and size of γH2AX foci in populations of irradiated cells indicates that radiation-induced cellular aging is more associated with the size, rather than the number, of γH2AX foci.","PeriodicalId":37358,"journal":{"name":"Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141409418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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