Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-1-41-49
A. Titov, I. Belskikh, D. Isaev, N. Shandala, T. A. Doroneva, I.I. Bogdanov, M. Semenova, A.A. Shitova, S.L. Burthev
Purpose: To study the radio-ecological situation on the “uranium legacy” site of the former Stepnaya mine in the Republic of Kalmykia. Material and methods: To measure the ambient dose equivalent rate (ADER), the pedestrian gamma survey method was used using a portable spectrometric complex MKC-01A Multirad-M and dosimeter-radiometer MKC-AT6101c. The activity of gamma-emitting radionuclides in soil samples was measured using a stationary gamma spectrometer from CANBERRA. The activities of 210Po and 210Pb were measured using a radiometric installation UMF-2000 following their radiochemical separation from samples. Short-term measurements of activity concentration (AC) and equivalent equilibrium activity concentration (EEAC) of radon were carried out with an aerosol alpha radiometer for radon and thoron RAA-20P2 Poisk. Doses of radiation exposure to biological objects were estimated using dose coefficients provided by ICRP Publication 136 taking into account recommendations R52.18.820-2015. Results: Gamma ADER values at the mine site vary over the range from 0.1 to 0.36 µSv/h, and on 80 % of the area these values do not exceed the background value of 0.14 µSv/h. Along the road from the mine to Narta village the ADER values do not exceed background values with exception of the area around the dam, where in a local part of this area of about 300 m2 these values reach 0.49 µSv/h. The specific activities of natural radionuclides in the soil are below the criteria for classification as solid radioactive waste (SRW). Under the certain weather conditions, radon EEAC inside the buildings on the site reaches 13 kBq/m3, and on the territory 1-1.5 kBq/m3. Ecological risk for the terrestrial biological objects under consideration (grass, soil worm, snake and mouse-like rodents) does not exceed 0.025. Conclusions: The radiation situation at the Stepnaya mine site meets the requirements of SP LKP-91, which were in force until 2020. However, in order to transfer the facility to a local government body, reclamation work should be carried out in accordance with the Federal Law “On the Transfer of Lands or Land Plots from One Category to Another” dated December 21, 2004 No. 172-FZ and GOST R 59057— 2020 «Environmental Protection. Lands. General Requirements for Reclamation of Affected Lands». Doses of exposure to biological objects do not impact significantly on morbidity, reproduction and life expectancy of terrestrial biological objects.
{"title":"Radio-Ecological Situation in the Area of the Uranium Legacy Site – Stepnaya Mine (Kalmykia)","authors":"A. Titov, I. Belskikh, D. Isaev, N. Shandala, T. A. Doroneva, I.I. Bogdanov, M. Semenova, A.A. Shitova, S.L. Burthev","doi":"10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-1-41-49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-1-41-49","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To study the radio-ecological situation on the “uranium legacy” site of the former Stepnaya mine in the Republic of Kalmykia. Material and methods: To measure the ambient dose equivalent rate (ADER), the pedestrian gamma survey method was used using a portable spectrometric complex MKC-01A Multirad-M and dosimeter-radiometer MKC-AT6101c. The activity of gamma-emitting radionuclides in soil samples was measured using a stationary gamma spectrometer from CANBERRA. The activities of 210Po and 210Pb were measured using a radiometric installation UMF-2000 following their radiochemical separation from samples. Short-term measurements of activity concentration (AC) and equivalent equilibrium activity concentration (EEAC) of radon were carried out with an aerosol alpha radiometer for radon and thoron RAA-20P2 Poisk. Doses of radiation exposure to biological objects were estimated using dose coefficients provided by ICRP Publication 136 taking into account recommendations R52.18.820-2015. Results: Gamma ADER values at the mine site vary over the range from 0.1 to 0.36 µSv/h, and on 80 % of the area these values do not exceed the background value of 0.14 µSv/h. Along the road from the mine to Narta village the ADER values do not exceed background values with exception of the area around the dam, where in a local part of this area of about 300 m2 these values reach 0.49 µSv/h. The specific activities of natural radionuclides in the soil are below the criteria for classification as solid radioactive waste (SRW). Under the certain weather conditions, radon EEAC inside the buildings on the site reaches 13 kBq/m3, and on the territory 1-1.5 kBq/m3. Ecological risk for the terrestrial biological objects under consideration (grass, soil worm, snake and mouse-like rodents) does not exceed 0.025. Conclusions: The radiation situation at the Stepnaya mine site meets the requirements of SP LKP-91, which were in force until 2020. However, in order to transfer the facility to a local government body, reclamation work should be carried out in accordance with the Federal Law “On the Transfer of Lands or Land Plots from One Category to Another” dated December 21, 2004 No. 172-FZ and GOST R 59057— 2020 «Environmental Protection. Lands. General Requirements for Reclamation of Affected Lands». Doses of exposure to biological objects do not impact significantly on morbidity, reproduction and life expectancy of terrestrial biological objects.","PeriodicalId":37358,"journal":{"name":"Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139880482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-1-61-66
T.V. Vishnevskaya, D. Isubakova, M. Tsyplenkova, O. Tsymbal, I. Milto, R. M. Takhauov
Purpose: To conduct a comparative retrospective analysis of the results of cytogenetic studies of workers at facilities using ionizing radiation in 2003 and 2018. Material and methods: The material for the study was the venous blood of workers at facilities using ionizing radiation. The study was conducted on conditionally healthy workers (n = 11), of which 2 groups were formed: the control group (blood sampling and cytogenetic study of blood lymphocytes were carried out in 2003) and the study group (blood sampling was carried out in 2018). For all examined individuals, blood lymphocytes were cultured and standard cytogenetic analysis followed by statistical processing of the results. Results: A comparative retrospective analysis showed that in the study group (2018) compared to the control group (2003), the frequency of chromatid fragments was reduced (p = 0.0452). The frequencies of other types of cytogenetic disorders studied (aberrant cells, chromosomal fragments, dicentric and circular chromosomes) do not differ between groups. Cytogenetic abnormalities in blood lymphocytes are a highly sensitive measure of the degree of radiation exposure in the early and late periods after exposure and can be used as a biological indicator of ionizing radiation. The absence of differences in indicators of radiation exposure markers may be due to the large interval of time that elapsed after irradiation until the moment of examination (15 years), during which lymphocytes with chromosomal aberrations were eliminated from the blood. In the future, for the completeness of the retrospective analysis and the accuracy of the result, it is planned to conduct a study on a larger sample with a shorter time interval between cytogenetic studies. Conclusion: The result of this work allows us to supplement the understanding of the mutation process in the somatic cells of individuals exposed to ionizing radiation in the course of professional activities and indicates genotoxicity.
{"title":"Comparative Retrospective Analysis of the Results of Cytogenetic Studies of Employees of the Object of Use of Ionizing Radiation","authors":"T.V. Vishnevskaya, D. Isubakova, M. Tsyplenkova, O. Tsymbal, I. Milto, R. M. Takhauov","doi":"10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-1-61-66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-1-61-66","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To conduct a comparative retrospective analysis of the results of cytogenetic studies of workers at facilities using ionizing radiation in 2003 and 2018. Material and methods: The material for the study was the venous blood of workers at facilities using ionizing radiation. The study was conducted on conditionally healthy workers (n = 11), of which 2 groups were formed: the control group (blood sampling and cytogenetic study of blood lymphocytes were carried out in 2003) and the study group (blood sampling was carried out in 2018). For all examined individuals, blood lymphocytes were cultured and standard cytogenetic analysis followed by statistical processing of the results. Results: A comparative retrospective analysis showed that in the study group (2018) compared to the control group (2003), the frequency of chromatid fragments was reduced (p = 0.0452). The frequencies of other types of cytogenetic disorders studied (aberrant cells, chromosomal fragments, dicentric and circular chromosomes) do not differ between groups. Cytogenetic abnormalities in blood lymphocytes are a highly sensitive measure of the degree of radiation exposure in the early and late periods after exposure and can be used as a biological indicator of ionizing radiation. The absence of differences in indicators of radiation exposure markers may be due to the large interval of time that elapsed after irradiation until the moment of examination (15 years), during which lymphocytes with chromosomal aberrations were eliminated from the blood. In the future, for the completeness of the retrospective analysis and the accuracy of the result, it is planned to conduct a study on a larger sample with a shorter time interval between cytogenetic studies. Conclusion: The result of this work allows us to supplement the understanding of the mutation process in the somatic cells of individuals exposed to ionizing radiation in the course of professional activities and indicates genotoxicity.","PeriodicalId":37358,"journal":{"name":"Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139878253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-1-50-60
I.V. Ivanov, V. I. Burmistrov, E. Matkevich
Background: The issue of assessing the features of factors affecting the formation of radiation doses of astronauts while in orbit of the Moon and on its surface remains insufficiently studied, which is important for ensuring the anti-radiation safety of astronauts on lunar missions. Purpose: To analyze the factors influencing the formation of the radiation dose of astronauts at the stage of finding the spacecraft in orbit of the Moon and the lander on its surface. Material and methods: The features of the dose load levels on astronauts at the stages of the Moon’s orbit and on the Moon’s surface are analyzed and generalized, calculation methods are used taking into account the orbit of the spacecraft around the Moon, the anti-radiation properties of the materials of the lander and spacesuit and the time spent in them during a short-term lunar mission. Results: The total radiation doses of astronauts for 14 days, calculated according to dosimetric measurements during the years of low solar activity (2009 and 2018‒2019), are 19.5‒23.2 mSv for astronauts staying in a spacecraft in lunar orbit, and from 22,7 to 24,0 mSv for astronauts on the Lunar surface, depending on the mass thickness of the protection at the maximum permissible 250 mSv for 1 month. An increase in the mass thickness of the anti-radiation protection of the lander in the equivalent of aluminum from 1.5 to 3-5 g/cm2 and the lunar spacesuit in the equivalent of aluminum from 0.2 to 0.5‒1 g/cm2 will reduce the total radiation dose of astronauts no more than 1.3 times during a 14-day stay on the surface of the moon. The results indicate that in order to minimize the radiation doses that astronauts receive during a lunar mission, it is important to take into account the forecast of solar activity in order to optimize the launch time of the spacecraft in the «windows» with minimal levels of radiation exposure. Conclusion: When predicting radiation hazard levels for astronauts during a short-term lunar mission, it is necessary to assess the levels of exposure to cosmic ionizing radiation both in the orbit of the Moon, depending on the lunar trajectory of the spacecraft, and on the surface of the Moon, taking into account the time spent in the lunar module and in a spacesuit, as well as levels of solar activity. It is important to take into account the analyzed features of the formation of cosmonauts’ radiation doses while orbiting the Moon and on its surface when predicting the time limits of the lunar mission, anti-radiation protection of astronauts and their compliance with the regulatory limits of exposure.
{"title":"Assessment of the Radiation Situation during Short-Term Flights to the Moon","authors":"I.V. Ivanov, V. I. Burmistrov, E. Matkevich","doi":"10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-1-50-60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-1-50-60","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The issue of assessing the features of factors affecting the formation of radiation doses of astronauts while in orbit of the Moon and on its surface remains insufficiently studied, which is important for ensuring the anti-radiation safety of astronauts on lunar missions. Purpose: To analyze the factors influencing the formation of the radiation dose of astronauts at the stage of finding the spacecraft in orbit of the Moon and the lander on its surface. Material and methods: The features of the dose load levels on astronauts at the stages of the Moon’s orbit and on the Moon’s surface are analyzed and generalized, calculation methods are used taking into account the orbit of the spacecraft around the Moon, the anti-radiation properties of the materials of the lander and spacesuit and the time spent in them during a short-term lunar mission. Results: The total radiation doses of astronauts for 14 days, calculated according to dosimetric measurements during the years of low solar activity (2009 and 2018‒2019), are 19.5‒23.2 mSv for astronauts staying in a spacecraft in lunar orbit, and from 22,7 to 24,0 mSv for astronauts on the Lunar surface, depending on the mass thickness of the protection at the maximum permissible 250 mSv for 1 month. An increase in the mass thickness of the anti-radiation protection of the lander in the equivalent of aluminum from 1.5 to 3-5 g/cm2 and the lunar spacesuit in the equivalent of aluminum from 0.2 to 0.5‒1 g/cm2 will reduce the total radiation dose of astronauts no more than 1.3 times during a 14-day stay on the surface of the moon. The results indicate that in order to minimize the radiation doses that astronauts receive during a lunar mission, it is important to take into account the forecast of solar activity in order to optimize the launch time of the spacecraft in the «windows» with minimal levels of radiation exposure. Conclusion: When predicting radiation hazard levels for astronauts during a short-term lunar mission, it is necessary to assess the levels of exposure to cosmic ionizing radiation both in the orbit of the Moon, depending on the lunar trajectory of the spacecraft, and on the surface of the Moon, taking into account the time spent in the lunar module and in a spacesuit, as well as levels of solar activity. It is important to take into account the analyzed features of the formation of cosmonauts’ radiation doses while orbiting the Moon and on its surface when predicting the time limits of the lunar mission, anti-radiation protection of astronauts and their compliance with the regulatory limits of exposure.","PeriodicalId":37358,"journal":{"name":"Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139889288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-1-28-32
L.A. Romodin, E. Yashkina, A.A. Moskovskij
Relevance: A number of researchers consider the study of the radioprotective properties of non-toxic or low-toxic natural substances to be a promising direction. A special place among them is occupied by antioxidants and participants in the basic reactions of metabolism. In order to avoid methodological errors when performing these studies, it is necessary to conduct a number of additional experiments. For example, in order to study the properties of various substances on cell cultures using tablet readers, it is first necessary to make sure that these substances do not affect the ability of cells to adsorb to the bottom of the wells of the tablet and do not interfere with cell proliferation. And if such an influence is detected, further experiments with these substances should be planned taking into account the information received. Purpose: To search the effect of ascorbic, malic and succinic acids on the ability of lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549) to adhere in a 96-well plate, followed by the onset of proliferation by fluorescence registration method using Hoechst-33342 fluorophore. Methodology: The experiment was carried out in a 96-well tablet. The working concentration of Hoechst-33342 was 1 μg/ml (1.62 μM). Fluorescence was recorded at a wavelength of 460 nm when the samples were excited by light with a wavelength of 355 nm. In an experiment to study the effect of ascorbate, malate and succinate on cell adhesion and proliferation, 20,000 cells and a solution of one of these substances in a working concentration of 2 mM were introduced into the cells of the tablet. The number of cells in the wells was estimated based on the fluorescence of Hoechst-33342 after a day of incubation. Result: In samples containing 2 mM succinic acid and ascorbic acid, a statistically significant decrease in the intensity of fluorescence was observed compared with a sample that did not contain the drug. This suggests that these compounds negatively affect the growth properties of the A549 culture: they inhibit cell adhesion or slow down their proliferation. Scope of the results and conclusions:The results obtained are necessary for the methodologically correct planning of the most detailed studies on the A549 cell line model using fluorescent methods, including studies on the radioprotective properties of ascorbate, malate and succinate under the influence of rare ionizing and neutron radiation.
{"title":"Fluorimetric Evaluation of the Effect of Malic, Succinic and Ascorbic Acids on the Growth Properties of A549 Cells in Culture","authors":"L.A. Romodin, E. Yashkina, A.A. Moskovskij","doi":"10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-1-28-32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-1-28-32","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: A number of researchers consider the study of the radioprotective properties of non-toxic or low-toxic natural substances to be a promising direction. A special place among them is occupied by antioxidants and participants in the basic reactions of metabolism. In order to avoid methodological errors when performing these studies, it is necessary to conduct a number of additional experiments. For example, in order to study the properties of various substances on cell cultures using tablet readers, it is first necessary to make sure that these substances do not affect the ability of cells to adsorb to the bottom of the wells of the tablet and do not interfere with cell proliferation. And if such an influence is detected, further experiments with these substances should be planned taking into account the information received. Purpose: To search the effect of ascorbic, malic and succinic acids on the ability of lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549) to adhere in a 96-well plate, followed by the onset of proliferation by fluorescence registration method using Hoechst-33342 fluorophore. Methodology: The experiment was carried out in a 96-well tablet. The working concentration of Hoechst-33342 was 1 μg/ml (1.62 μM). Fluorescence was recorded at a wavelength of 460 nm when the samples were excited by light with a wavelength of 355 nm. In an experiment to study the effect of ascorbate, malate and succinate on cell adhesion and proliferation, 20,000 cells and a solution of one of these substances in a working concentration of 2 mM were introduced into the cells of the tablet. The number of cells in the wells was estimated based on the fluorescence of Hoechst-33342 after a day of incubation. Result: In samples containing 2 mM succinic acid and ascorbic acid, a statistically significant decrease in the intensity of fluorescence was observed compared with a sample that did not contain the drug. This suggests that these compounds negatively affect the growth properties of the A549 culture: they inhibit cell adhesion or slow down their proliferation. Scope of the results and conclusions:The results obtained are necessary for the methodologically correct planning of the most detailed studies on the A549 cell line model using fluorescent methods, including studies on the radioprotective properties of ascorbate, malate and succinate under the influence of rare ionizing and neutron radiation.","PeriodicalId":37358,"journal":{"name":"Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety","volume":"33 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139813385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-1-50-60
I.V. Ivanov, V. I. Burmistrov, E. Matkevich
Background: The issue of assessing the features of factors affecting the formation of radiation doses of astronauts while in orbit of the Moon and on its surface remains insufficiently studied, which is important for ensuring the anti-radiation safety of astronauts on lunar missions. Purpose: To analyze the factors influencing the formation of the radiation dose of astronauts at the stage of finding the spacecraft in orbit of the Moon and the lander on its surface. Material and methods: The features of the dose load levels on astronauts at the stages of the Moon’s orbit and on the Moon’s surface are analyzed and generalized, calculation methods are used taking into account the orbit of the spacecraft around the Moon, the anti-radiation properties of the materials of the lander and spacesuit and the time spent in them during a short-term lunar mission. Results: The total radiation doses of astronauts for 14 days, calculated according to dosimetric measurements during the years of low solar activity (2009 and 2018‒2019), are 19.5‒23.2 mSv for astronauts staying in a spacecraft in lunar orbit, and from 22,7 to 24,0 mSv for astronauts on the Lunar surface, depending on the mass thickness of the protection at the maximum permissible 250 mSv for 1 month. An increase in the mass thickness of the anti-radiation protection of the lander in the equivalent of aluminum from 1.5 to 3-5 g/cm2 and the lunar spacesuit in the equivalent of aluminum from 0.2 to 0.5‒1 g/cm2 will reduce the total radiation dose of astronauts no more than 1.3 times during a 14-day stay on the surface of the moon. The results indicate that in order to minimize the radiation doses that astronauts receive during a lunar mission, it is important to take into account the forecast of solar activity in order to optimize the launch time of the spacecraft in the «windows» with minimal levels of radiation exposure. Conclusion: When predicting radiation hazard levels for astronauts during a short-term lunar mission, it is necessary to assess the levels of exposure to cosmic ionizing radiation both in the orbit of the Moon, depending on the lunar trajectory of the spacecraft, and on the surface of the Moon, taking into account the time spent in the lunar module and in a spacesuit, as well as levels of solar activity. It is important to take into account the analyzed features of the formation of cosmonauts’ radiation doses while orbiting the Moon and on its surface when predicting the time limits of the lunar mission, anti-radiation protection of astronauts and their compliance with the regulatory limits of exposure.
{"title":"Assessment of the Radiation Situation during Short-Term Flights to the Moon","authors":"I.V. Ivanov, V. I. Burmistrov, E. Matkevich","doi":"10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-1-50-60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-1-50-60","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The issue of assessing the features of factors affecting the formation of radiation doses of astronauts while in orbit of the Moon and on its surface remains insufficiently studied, which is important for ensuring the anti-radiation safety of astronauts on lunar missions. Purpose: To analyze the factors influencing the formation of the radiation dose of astronauts at the stage of finding the spacecraft in orbit of the Moon and the lander on its surface. Material and methods: The features of the dose load levels on astronauts at the stages of the Moon’s orbit and on the Moon’s surface are analyzed and generalized, calculation methods are used taking into account the orbit of the spacecraft around the Moon, the anti-radiation properties of the materials of the lander and spacesuit and the time spent in them during a short-term lunar mission. Results: The total radiation doses of astronauts for 14 days, calculated according to dosimetric measurements during the years of low solar activity (2009 and 2018‒2019), are 19.5‒23.2 mSv for astronauts staying in a spacecraft in lunar orbit, and from 22,7 to 24,0 mSv for astronauts on the Lunar surface, depending on the mass thickness of the protection at the maximum permissible 250 mSv for 1 month. An increase in the mass thickness of the anti-radiation protection of the lander in the equivalent of aluminum from 1.5 to 3-5 g/cm2 and the lunar spacesuit in the equivalent of aluminum from 0.2 to 0.5‒1 g/cm2 will reduce the total radiation dose of astronauts no more than 1.3 times during a 14-day stay on the surface of the moon. The results indicate that in order to minimize the radiation doses that astronauts receive during a lunar mission, it is important to take into account the forecast of solar activity in order to optimize the launch time of the spacecraft in the «windows» with minimal levels of radiation exposure. Conclusion: When predicting radiation hazard levels for astronauts during a short-term lunar mission, it is necessary to assess the levels of exposure to cosmic ionizing radiation both in the orbit of the Moon, depending on the lunar trajectory of the spacecraft, and on the surface of the Moon, taking into account the time spent in the lunar module and in a spacesuit, as well as levels of solar activity. It is important to take into account the analyzed features of the formation of cosmonauts’ radiation doses while orbiting the Moon and on its surface when predicting the time limits of the lunar mission, anti-radiation protection of astronauts and their compliance with the regulatory limits of exposure.","PeriodicalId":37358,"journal":{"name":"Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety","volume":"22 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139829321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: To study the capabilities of the new radiopharmaceutical 99mTc-sentiscan in the visualization of sentinel lymph nodes in patients with breast cancer. Material and methods: A survey of 178 people diagnosed with breast cancer. Patients were divided into two groups depending on the route of administration of the radiopharmaceutical. The day before surgical treatment, all subjects were injected with a radiopharmaceutical using a syringe with an activity of no more than 120 MBq, in a volume of 0.3‒0.4 ml. The visualized sentinel lymph nodes were marked on the skin using a patented device – «Device for external marking of sentinel lymph nodes during radionuclide visualization». Intraoperative search for sentinel lymph nodes was carried out using gamma detectors Gamma-Finder II or Radical, followed by urgent histological examination. Results: Radioisotope visualization of sentinel lymph nodes using the domestic radiopharmaceutical 99mTc-sentiscan: in the first group (the drug was administered peritumorally) was 100 %, the average number of visualized lymph nodes in this group was 2.2; in the second group (the drug was administered subareolarly) ‒ 99.1 %, the average number of visualized lymph nodes ‒ 2.6. In the first group of patients, metastatic lesions of sentinel lymph nodes were detected in 8 cases (13.1 %), and in the second group ‒ in 14 (11.9 %). All lymph nodes were mapped in the axillary region on the side of the tumor process. Conclusion: The possibility of the radiopharmaceutical 99mTc-sentiscan for the identification and biopsy of sentinel lymph nodes in patients with breast cancer was assessed. The use of the domestic 99mTc-sentiscan makes it possible to visualize sentinel lymph nodes in patients with breast cancer and detect their location in 99.1‒100 % of cases. Taking into account the results obtained, the expanded indications for the use of the radiopharmaceutical and the cost of the kits, 99mTc-sentiscan is more preferable for use in clinical practice.
{"title":"Own Experience of using the Radiopharmaceutical 99mTc-sentiskan in Visualization of Sentinel Lymph Nodes in Patients with Breast Cancer","authors":"R.I. Tamrazov, R.D. Khusnutdinov, E.N. Alekhin, N.V. Averina, Yu.S. Pyshkina, D.А. Pashkov","doi":"10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-1-83-87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-1-83-87","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To study the capabilities of the new radiopharmaceutical 99mTc-sentiscan in the visualization of sentinel lymph nodes in patients with breast cancer. Material and methods: A survey of 178 people diagnosed with breast cancer. Patients were divided into two groups depending on the route of administration of the radiopharmaceutical. The day before surgical treatment, all subjects were injected with a radiopharmaceutical using a syringe with an activity of no more than 120 MBq, in a volume of 0.3‒0.4 ml. The visualized sentinel lymph nodes were marked on the skin using a patented device – «Device for external marking of sentinel lymph nodes during radionuclide visualization». Intraoperative search for sentinel lymph nodes was carried out using gamma detectors Gamma-Finder II or Radical, followed by urgent histological examination. Results: Radioisotope visualization of sentinel lymph nodes using the domestic radiopharmaceutical 99mTc-sentiscan: in the first group (the drug was administered peritumorally) was 100 %, the average number of visualized lymph nodes in this group was 2.2; in the second group (the drug was administered subareolarly) ‒ 99.1 %, the average number of visualized lymph nodes ‒ 2.6. In the first group of patients, metastatic lesions of sentinel lymph nodes were detected in 8 cases (13.1 %), and in the second group ‒ in 14 (11.9 %). All lymph nodes were mapped in the axillary region on the side of the tumor process. Conclusion: The possibility of the radiopharmaceutical 99mTc-sentiscan for the identification and biopsy of sentinel lymph nodes in patients with breast cancer was assessed. The use of the domestic 99mTc-sentiscan makes it possible to visualize sentinel lymph nodes in patients with breast cancer and detect their location in 99.1‒100 % of cases. Taking into account the results obtained, the expanded indications for the use of the radiopharmaceutical and the cost of the kits, 99mTc-sentiscan is more preferable for use in clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":37358,"journal":{"name":"Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety","volume":"19 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139883627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-1-88-91
I.O. Tomashevsky, O.S. Kornikova
Purpose: To study the frequency of calcinosis of coronary arteries and its effect on myocardial perfusion and contractile function among females with coronary heart disease (CHD). Material and methods: A survey was conducted among 141 females with coronary heart disease (CHD): simultaneous assessment of coronary artery calcinosis, perfusion and contractile function with 99m Tc-technetril SPECT/CT with ECG-synchronization and X-ray radiation correction, as well as comparison of data with the results of electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography (ECHO-CG), clinical and biochemical blood tests. Results: Coronary artery calcinosis was detected in 33 (23 %) females with coronary heart disease (CHD) out of all patients identified: over the age of 55 years (M = 67 years with variations from 58 to 83 years) ‒ in 25 (17.7 %), aged 41‒55 years (M = 50 years with variations from 46 to 54 years) ‒ in 7 (4.6 %), at the age of 25‒40 years ‒ in one female 35 years (0.7 %). The Agatston calcium score interval was set as follows: at the maximum degree > 400 ‒ for 6 females (4.2 % of all surveyed); at 101‒400 ‒ in 9 (6.4 %); at 11‒100 ‒ in 17 (12.0 %); at 1‒10 ‒ in one female (0.7 %); with a minimum degree of 0 ‒ in 108 females (76.7 % of all surveyed). In the presence of maximum degree of calcinosis (> 400 units), a slight significant decrease in perfusion, an increase in ejection fraction and diastole duration was revealed. Conclusion: The use of combined SPECT/CT with ECG synchronization and CT radiation correction technology in 141 females with coronary artery disease made it possible to identify coronary artery calcinosis in 23 % of patiets.
{"title":"The Impotance of SPECT/CT in Simultaneous Assessment of Calcinosis of Coronary Arteries, Perfusion and Contractile Function of the Myocardium among Females with Coronary Heart Disease","authors":"I.O. Tomashevsky, O.S. Kornikova","doi":"10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-1-88-91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-1-88-91","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To study the frequency of calcinosis of coronary arteries and its effect on myocardial perfusion and contractile function among females with coronary heart disease (CHD). Material and methods: A survey was conducted among 141 females with coronary heart disease (CHD): simultaneous assessment of coronary artery calcinosis, perfusion and contractile function with 99m Tc-technetril SPECT/CT with ECG-synchronization and X-ray radiation correction, as well as comparison of data with the results of electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography (ECHO-CG), clinical and biochemical blood tests. Results: Coronary artery calcinosis was detected in 33 (23 %) females with coronary heart disease (CHD) out of all patients identified: over the age of 55 years (M = 67 years with variations from 58 to 83 years) ‒ in 25 (17.7 %), aged 41‒55 years (M = 50 years with variations from 46 to 54 years) ‒ in 7 (4.6 %), at the age of 25‒40 years ‒ in one female 35 years (0.7 %). The Agatston calcium score interval was set as follows: at the maximum degree > 400 ‒ for 6 females (4.2 % of all surveyed); at 101‒400 ‒ in 9 (6.4 %); at 11‒100 ‒ in 17 (12.0 %); at 1‒10 ‒ in one female (0.7 %); with a minimum degree of 0 ‒ in 108 females (76.7 % of all surveyed). In the presence of maximum degree of calcinosis (> 400 units), a slight significant decrease in perfusion, an increase in ejection fraction and diastole duration was revealed. Conclusion: The use of combined SPECT/CT with ECG synchronization and CT radiation correction technology in 141 females with coronary artery disease made it possible to identify coronary artery calcinosis in 23 % of patiets.","PeriodicalId":37358,"journal":{"name":"Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139885546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-1-88-91
I.O. Tomashevsky, O.S. Kornikova
Purpose: To study the frequency of calcinosis of coronary arteries and its effect on myocardial perfusion and contractile function among females with coronary heart disease (CHD). Material and methods: A survey was conducted among 141 females with coronary heart disease (CHD): simultaneous assessment of coronary artery calcinosis, perfusion and contractile function with 99m Tc-technetril SPECT/CT with ECG-synchronization and X-ray radiation correction, as well as comparison of data with the results of electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography (ECHO-CG), clinical and biochemical blood tests. Results: Coronary artery calcinosis was detected in 33 (23 %) females with coronary heart disease (CHD) out of all patients identified: over the age of 55 years (M = 67 years with variations from 58 to 83 years) ‒ in 25 (17.7 %), aged 41‒55 years (M = 50 years with variations from 46 to 54 years) ‒ in 7 (4.6 %), at the age of 25‒40 years ‒ in one female 35 years (0.7 %). The Agatston calcium score interval was set as follows: at the maximum degree > 400 ‒ for 6 females (4.2 % of all surveyed); at 101‒400 ‒ in 9 (6.4 %); at 11‒100 ‒ in 17 (12.0 %); at 1‒10 ‒ in one female (0.7 %); with a minimum degree of 0 ‒ in 108 females (76.7 % of all surveyed). In the presence of maximum degree of calcinosis (> 400 units), a slight significant decrease in perfusion, an increase in ejection fraction and diastole duration was revealed. Conclusion: The use of combined SPECT/CT with ECG synchronization and CT radiation correction technology in 141 females with coronary artery disease made it possible to identify coronary artery calcinosis in 23 % of patiets.
{"title":"The Impotance of SPECT/CT in Simultaneous Assessment of Calcinosis of Coronary Arteries, Perfusion and Contractile Function of the Myocardium among Females with Coronary Heart Disease","authors":"I.O. Tomashevsky, O.S. Kornikova","doi":"10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-1-88-91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-1-88-91","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To study the frequency of calcinosis of coronary arteries and its effect on myocardial perfusion and contractile function among females with coronary heart disease (CHD). Material and methods: A survey was conducted among 141 females with coronary heart disease (CHD): simultaneous assessment of coronary artery calcinosis, perfusion and contractile function with 99m Tc-technetril SPECT/CT with ECG-synchronization and X-ray radiation correction, as well as comparison of data with the results of electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography (ECHO-CG), clinical and biochemical blood tests. Results: Coronary artery calcinosis was detected in 33 (23 %) females with coronary heart disease (CHD) out of all patients identified: over the age of 55 years (M = 67 years with variations from 58 to 83 years) ‒ in 25 (17.7 %), aged 41‒55 years (M = 50 years with variations from 46 to 54 years) ‒ in 7 (4.6 %), at the age of 25‒40 years ‒ in one female 35 years (0.7 %). The Agatston calcium score interval was set as follows: at the maximum degree > 400 ‒ for 6 females (4.2 % of all surveyed); at 101‒400 ‒ in 9 (6.4 %); at 11‒100 ‒ in 17 (12.0 %); at 1‒10 ‒ in one female (0.7 %); with a minimum degree of 0 ‒ in 108 females (76.7 % of all surveyed). In the presence of maximum degree of calcinosis (> 400 units), a slight significant decrease in perfusion, an increase in ejection fraction and diastole duration was revealed. Conclusion: The use of combined SPECT/CT with ECG synchronization and CT radiation correction technology in 141 females with coronary artery disease made it possible to identify coronary artery calcinosis in 23 % of patiets.","PeriodicalId":37358,"journal":{"name":"Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety","volume":"76 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139825466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-1-77-82
A. Shkuratov, S. Golub, Y. Kirpichev, A. Moiseev, I. Korovin, A. Kryaneva
Purpose: To demonstrate the effectiveness of water bolus, combined with individual immobilization for the treatment of lesions in the pedal region of the foot on a patient with isolated cutaneous T-cell lymphoma lesions. Material and methods: Construction of individual immobilization devices, simultaneously functioning as a bolus, in two clinical cases of T-cell cutaneous lymphoma radiation therapy in the pedal region of the foot, along with 3D-CRT and VMAT treatment planning, accompanied by retrospective evaluation of interfractional motion. Results: The proposed methodology demonstrates the effectiveness of the individual immobilization devices in minimizing interfractional motion, as well as the benefit of the bolus effect of the device in achieving optimal dose distribution in the treatment of superficial T-cell lymphoma lesions.
目的：展示水栓治疗结合单独固定治疗足部足底病变的有效性，该患者患有孤立的皮肤 T 细胞淋巴瘤病变。材料和方法在两个T细胞皮肤淋巴瘤放射治疗足部踏板区的临床病例中，结合3D-CRT和VMAT治疗计划，构建单独的固定装置，同时发挥水栓的作用，并对间隙运动进行回顾性评估。结果：所提出的方法证明了单个固定装置在最小化间隙运动方面的有效性，以及该装置的栓剂效应在治疗浅表 T 细胞淋巴瘤病灶时实现最佳剂量分布方面的优势。
{"title":"Water Bolus Utilization for the Radiation Therapy of Patients with Isolated Superficial Lesions of Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma","authors":"A. Shkuratov, S. Golub, Y. Kirpichev, A. Moiseev, I. Korovin, A. Kryaneva","doi":"10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-1-77-82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-1-77-82","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To demonstrate the effectiveness of water bolus, combined with individual immobilization for the treatment of lesions in the pedal region of the foot on a patient with isolated cutaneous T-cell lymphoma lesions. Material and methods: Construction of individual immobilization devices, simultaneously functioning as a bolus, in two clinical cases of T-cell cutaneous lymphoma radiation therapy in the pedal region of the foot, along with 3D-CRT and VMAT treatment planning, accompanied by retrospective evaluation of interfractional motion. Results: The proposed methodology demonstrates the effectiveness of the individual immobilization devices in minimizing interfractional motion, as well as the benefit of the bolus effect of the device in achieving optimal dose distribution in the treatment of superficial T-cell lymphoma lesions.","PeriodicalId":37358,"journal":{"name":"Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety","volume":"183 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139832611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-1-20-27
V.A. Anikina, S.S. Sorokina, A. E. Shemyakov, E. A. Zamyatina, N.R. Popova
Purpose: To evaluate the effect of local proton irradiation at a dose of 30 Gy on Balb/c and C57BL/6 mice in terms of the degree and dynamics of radiation-induced skin damage formation, changes in body weight and peripheral blood elements count. Material and methods: Experiments were performed on non-depilated male mice aged 7‒8 weeks from two strains: Balb/c and C57BL/6 (n=15). Local irradiation of the skin was carried out on the dorsal side of the animals using a scanning proton beam at an extended Bragg peak in the proton therapy complex «Prometheus» of the LPI Physico-technical Centre (Protvino) at a dose of 30 Gy with a proton energy of 87.8 MeV. During the irradiation session, animals were subjected to intraperitoneal anesthesia using a combination of Zoletil 100 (Virbac, France) and Xyla (Interchemie, Netherlands) in a previously determined ratio 1:3 (20‒40 mg/kg). Photographic documentation of radiation-induced skin damage was performed weekly for 70 days. Animals were examined daily for clinical manifestations of radiation-induced skin damage formation according to the RTOG international scale for 21 days following irradiation. The body weight dynamics of mice were evaluated one day before irradiation and then weekly for 70 days. Blood samples were collected from the tail vein by cutting the tip of the tail and analyzed using a DH36 Vet hematology analyzer (Dymind, China) one day before irradiation, one day and three days after irradiation, and weekly thereafter for 70 days. Experimental data were presented as mean ± standard deviation (M ± SD). Results: In this study, the impact of a single local exposure to proton radiation at a dose of 30 Gy on the degree and dynamics of radiation-induced skin damage formation was evaluated. It was demonstrated that Balb/c mice exhibited a higher frequency and degree of radiation-induced skin damage formation compared to the C57BL/6 mice. Analysis of body weight in mice after radiation exposure revealed no significant decrease in either mouse strain. A comparative analysis of the number of platelets, erythrocytes and hemoglobin concentration in both mouse strains did not reveal any changes, while a tendency towards a decrease in the number of leukocytes, lymphocytes, and granulocytes was observed in the irradiated Balb/c mice group compared to the control group. Conversely, in irradiated C57BL/6 mice, the number of lymphocytes was higher compared to control animals. Conclusion: In this study, Balb/c mice exhibited higher radiosensitivity compared to C57BL mice in response to a single local proton irradiation at a dose of 30 Gy.
{"title":"Comparative Assessment of the Effect of Local Proton Radiation with a Dose of 30 Gy in BALB/c and C57BL/6 Mice","authors":"V.A. Anikina, S.S. Sorokina, A. E. Shemyakov, E. A. Zamyatina, N.R. Popova","doi":"10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-1-20-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-1-20-27","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To evaluate the effect of local proton irradiation at a dose of 30 Gy on Balb/c and C57BL/6 mice in terms of the degree and dynamics of radiation-induced skin damage formation, changes in body weight and peripheral blood elements count. Material and methods: Experiments were performed on non-depilated male mice aged 7‒8 weeks from two strains: Balb/c and C57BL/6 (n=15). Local irradiation of the skin was carried out on the dorsal side of the animals using a scanning proton beam at an extended Bragg peak in the proton therapy complex «Prometheus» of the LPI Physico-technical Centre (Protvino) at a dose of 30 Gy with a proton energy of 87.8 MeV. During the irradiation session, animals were subjected to intraperitoneal anesthesia using a combination of Zoletil 100 (Virbac, France) and Xyla (Interchemie, Netherlands) in a previously determined ratio 1:3 (20‒40 mg/kg). Photographic documentation of radiation-induced skin damage was performed weekly for 70 days. Animals were examined daily for clinical manifestations of radiation-induced skin damage formation according to the RTOG international scale for 21 days following irradiation. The body weight dynamics of mice were evaluated one day before irradiation and then weekly for 70 days. Blood samples were collected from the tail vein by cutting the tip of the tail and analyzed using a DH36 Vet hematology analyzer (Dymind, China) one day before irradiation, one day and three days after irradiation, and weekly thereafter for 70 days. Experimental data were presented as mean ± standard deviation (M ± SD). Results: In this study, the impact of a single local exposure to proton radiation at a dose of 30 Gy on the degree and dynamics of radiation-induced skin damage formation was evaluated. It was demonstrated that Balb/c mice exhibited a higher frequency and degree of radiation-induced skin damage formation compared to the C57BL/6 mice. Analysis of body weight in mice after radiation exposure revealed no significant decrease in either mouse strain. A comparative analysis of the number of platelets, erythrocytes and hemoglobin concentration in both mouse strains did not reveal any changes, while a tendency towards a decrease in the number of leukocytes, lymphocytes, and granulocytes was observed in the irradiated Balb/c mice group compared to the control group. Conversely, in irradiated C57BL/6 mice, the number of lymphocytes was higher compared to control animals. Conclusion: In this study, Balb/c mice exhibited higher radiosensitivity compared to C57BL mice in response to a single local proton irradiation at a dose of 30 Gy.","PeriodicalId":37358,"journal":{"name":"Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety","volume":"2021 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139879199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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