Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-2-49-52
I.O. Tomashevsky, O.S. Kornikova
Purpose: Demonstrate a clinical observation in which to establish a diagnosis it was necessary to use eight methods for diagnosing coronary pathology, four of which are radiation. Material and methods: To establish a diagnosis in a cardiac patient with suspected coronary heart disease (CHD), post-infarction cardiosclerosis, echocardiography (ECG), Holter monitoring (HM), bicycle ergometry (VE), X-ray computed tomography (X-ray computed tomography) to determine calcification of the coronary arteries, single-photon selective computer tomography (SPECT), magnetic resonance computed tomography (MRI), positron emission computed tomography (PET), coronary angiography (CAG). Results: The sequential use of eight diagnostic methods, four from radiation, was established when observing cardiosclerosis with coronary heart disease, cardiosclerosis in the 4, 5, 10, and 11 segments of the heart, complicated by a left ventricular aneurysm in the lower and lateral walls with minor ischemia at the height of physical activity. The need to use SPECT/CT in the complex diagnosis of coronary heart disease consists of using hybrid tomography and sequentially performing two studies in one diagnostic procedure (X-ray computed tomography and SPECT with 99m Tc-technetril) it seems possible to obtain 26 study indicators (with X-ray computed tomography – 4 indicators assessing calcification of the coronary arteries, with SPECT – 11 indicators of perfusion and 11 indicators of myocardial function). Conclusion: A clinical observation of the diagnosis of coronary artery disease with post-infarction cardiosclerosis and left ventricular aneurysm was demonstrated in which eight diagnostic technologies were used (ECG, CM, VE, CT, SPECT, MRI, PET, and CAG), four of which relate to radiation diagnostics (X-ray CT, SPECT, PET, and KAG). A feature of sequential hybrid tomography (X-ray CT and SPECT with 99mTc-technitrile) is that this technology allows you to obtain 26 research indicators.
{"title":"The Importance of Radiation Methods in the Diagnosis of Coronary Heart Disease in a Specific Patient","authors":"I.O. Tomashevsky, O.S. Kornikova","doi":"10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-2-49-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-2-49-52","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Demonstrate a clinical observation in which to establish a diagnosis it was necessary to use eight methods for diagnosing coronary pathology, four of which are radiation. Material and methods: To establish a diagnosis in a cardiac patient with suspected coronary heart disease (CHD), post-infarction cardiosclerosis, echocardiography (ECG), Holter monitoring (HM), bicycle ergometry (VE), X-ray computed tomography (X-ray computed tomography) to determine calcification of the coronary arteries, single-photon selective computer tomography (SPECT), magnetic resonance computed tomography (MRI), positron emission computed tomography (PET), coronary angiography (CAG). Results: The sequential use of eight diagnostic methods, four from radiation, was established when observing cardiosclerosis with coronary heart disease, cardiosclerosis in the 4, 5, 10, and 11 segments of the heart, complicated by a left ventricular aneurysm in the lower and lateral walls with minor ischemia at the height of physical activity. The need to use SPECT/CT in the complex diagnosis of coronary heart disease consists of using hybrid tomography and sequentially performing two studies in one diagnostic procedure (X-ray computed tomography and SPECT with 99m Tc-technetril) it seems possible to obtain 26 study indicators (with X-ray computed tomography – 4 indicators assessing calcification of the coronary arteries, with SPECT – 11 indicators of perfusion and 11 indicators of myocardial function). Conclusion: A clinical observation of the diagnosis of coronary artery disease with post-infarction cardiosclerosis and left ventricular aneurysm was demonstrated in which eight diagnostic technologies were used (ECG, CM, VE, CT, SPECT, MRI, PET, and CAG), four of which relate to radiation diagnostics (X-ray CT, SPECT, PET, and KAG). A feature of sequential hybrid tomography (X-ray CT and SPECT with 99mTc-technitrile) is that this technology allows you to obtain 26 research indicators.","PeriodicalId":37358,"journal":{"name":"Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140765521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-2-73-80
D. Chuvilin, I. I. Skobelin, A. V. Kurochkin, K. A. Makoveeva, A.N. Strepetov, P. A. Karalkin, M.A. Karalkina, I.V. Reshetov
Purpose: The study explores the possibility of manufacturing radiation sources for personalized brachytherapy using titanium alloys, activated in a neutron flux reactor, by measuring the radiation composition of applicator implants and their dosimetric characteristics. Material and methods: A 3D implant of a brachytherapy source was made from a titanium alloy using an additive selective laser melting setup. The titanium 3D prototype was irradiated for three days in the horizontal experimental channel of the IR-8 reactor. Subsequently, measurements of the gamma-ray spectrum from the irradiated implant were carried out on a spectrometer, and dose characteristics of the 3D implant were measured using a dosimeter-radiometer. Results: In the experimental 3D implant obtained by us, the radionuclide 47Sc exhibits the highest activity. Currently, 47Sc is considered a promising candidate for brachytherapy. It possesses attractive nuclear and physical properties as a β-emitter, decaying into the ground state (27 %) of 47Ti (Eβmax = 600 keV) and the excited state of 47Ti (Eβmax = 439 keV) with a half-life of 3.4 days. Additionally, 47Sc emits γ-radiation at an energy of 159 keV (68 %), which is suitable for imaging, allowing for SPECT or planar scintigraphy and obtaining a picture of the drug’s distribution in the body. In the experimental implant, small amounts of scandium radionuclides – 46Sc and 48Sc, were also detected, emitting sufficiently hard gamma radiation, which can pose a problem for patient dosage determination. The advantages of using titanium-47 with an enrichment of over 95 %, economically available, have been demonstrated, allowing for high radiochemical yields of 47Sc, sufficient for therapy. Conclusion: The 3D printing technology allows the production of a customized applicator for brachytherapy of specific dimensions and the delivery of arbitrarily-shaped sources to the tumor area for personalized therapy of oncological diseases. When implanting sources based on titanium alloys activated in a neutron flux of a research nuclear reactor, the radionuclide scandium-47 exhibits the highest activity.
{"title":"Experience in Developing Radiation Sources for Personalized Brachytherapy Based on Titanium Alloys","authors":"D. Chuvilin, I. I. Skobelin, A. V. Kurochkin, K. A. Makoveeva, A.N. Strepetov, P. A. Karalkin, M.A. Karalkina, I.V. Reshetov","doi":"10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-2-73-80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-2-73-80","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The study explores the possibility of manufacturing radiation sources for personalized brachytherapy using titanium alloys, activated in a neutron flux reactor, by measuring the radiation composition of applicator implants and their dosimetric characteristics. Material and methods: A 3D implant of a brachytherapy source was made from a titanium alloy using an additive selective laser melting setup. The titanium 3D prototype was irradiated for three days in the horizontal experimental channel of the IR-8 reactor. Subsequently, measurements of the gamma-ray spectrum from the irradiated implant were carried out on a spectrometer, and dose characteristics of the 3D implant were measured using a dosimeter-radiometer. Results: In the experimental 3D implant obtained by us, the radionuclide 47Sc exhibits the highest activity. Currently, 47Sc is considered a promising candidate for brachytherapy. It possesses attractive nuclear and physical properties as a β-emitter, decaying into the ground state (27 %) of 47Ti (Eβmax = 600 keV) and the excited state of 47Ti (Eβmax = 439 keV) with a half-life of 3.4 days. Additionally, 47Sc emits γ-radiation at an energy of 159 keV (68 %), which is suitable for imaging, allowing for SPECT or planar scintigraphy and obtaining a picture of the drug’s distribution in the body. In the experimental implant, small amounts of scandium radionuclides – 46Sc and 48Sc, were also detected, emitting sufficiently hard gamma radiation, which can pose a problem for patient dosage determination. The advantages of using titanium-47 with an enrichment of over 95 %, economically available, have been demonstrated, allowing for high radiochemical yields of 47Sc, sufficient for therapy. Conclusion: The 3D printing technology allows the production of a customized applicator for brachytherapy of specific dimensions and the delivery of arbitrarily-shaped sources to the tumor area for personalized therapy of oncological diseases. When implanting sources based on titanium alloys activated in a neutron flux of a research nuclear reactor, the radionuclide scandium-47 exhibits the highest activity.","PeriodicalId":37358,"journal":{"name":"Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140794922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-2-83-88
I.L. Efimova
Angelina Konstantinovna Guskova, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Laureate of the Lenin Prize, Honoured Scientist of the RSFSR, Laureate of the Sievert Prize, worked for 50 years at the A.I. Burnazyan FMBC. She was born on 29 March 1924 in the family of doctor Konstantin Vasilievich and pianist Zoya Vasilievna Guskov. In 1941, she entered the Sverdlovsk State Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine, and successfully graduated in 1946. A.K. Guskova did her residency at the Clinic of Nervous Diseases and Neurosurgery. After her graduation, Angelina Konstantinovna was sent to Chelyabinsk-40 (Ozersk), where she started working in medical institutions serving the operating personnel of Plutonium Combine No. 817. There she gained her first experience in treating patients with acute and chronic radiation sickness. In 1957, A.K. Guskova became a senior researcher at the Institute of Biophysics in Moscow, from 1961 she headed the Radiology Department of the Institute of Occupational Hygiene and Occupational Diseases of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences. In 1974 she returned to the Institute of Biophysics of the Ministry of Health of the USSR as Head of the Clinical Department. Under the leadership of A.K. Guskova in the Clinical Department of the Institute of Biophysics a number of methods of diagnostics and prediction of severity of radiation syndromes, as well as their treatment were developed and introduced into practice. This allowed the staff of the Department to successfully cope with the most difficult task of treating a large group of victims of the Chornobyl accident in 1986. A.K. Guskova is the author of more than 200 publications, 11 monographs (co-authored), and sections in monographs and manuals (independent). The most important of them are: «Human Radiation Disease» (1971), «Medical Assistance given to personnel of the Chernobyl N.P., after 1986 Accident». (1996). (editor and co-author), «Guidelines for Organisation of Medical Care for Persons Exposed to Radiation» (1986), «Guidelines for Radiation Medicine» (2001).
{"title":"Angelina Konstantinovna Guskova (for the 100th Anniversary of her Birth)","authors":"I.L. Efimova","doi":"10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-2-83-88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-2-83-88","url":null,"abstract":"Angelina Konstantinovna Guskova, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Laureate of the Lenin Prize, Honoured Scientist of the RSFSR, Laureate of the Sievert Prize, worked for 50 years at the A.I. Burnazyan FMBC. She was born on 29 March 1924 in the family of doctor Konstantin Vasilievich and pianist Zoya Vasilievna Guskov. In 1941, she entered the Sverdlovsk State Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine, and successfully graduated in 1946. A.K. Guskova did her residency at the Clinic of Nervous Diseases and Neurosurgery. After her graduation, Angelina Konstantinovna was sent to Chelyabinsk-40 (Ozersk), where she started working in medical institutions serving the operating personnel of Plutonium Combine No. 817. There she gained her first experience in treating patients with acute and chronic radiation sickness. In 1957, A.K. Guskova became a senior researcher at the Institute of Biophysics in Moscow, from 1961 she headed the Radiology Department of the Institute of Occupational Hygiene and Occupational Diseases of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences. In 1974 she returned to the Institute of Biophysics of the Ministry of Health of the USSR as Head of the Clinical Department. Under the leadership of A.K. Guskova in the Clinical Department of the Institute of Biophysics a number of methods of diagnostics and prediction of severity of radiation syndromes, as well as their treatment were developed and introduced into practice. This allowed the staff of the Department to successfully cope with the most difficult task of treating a large group of victims of the Chornobyl accident in 1986. A.K. Guskova is the author of more than 200 publications, 11 monographs (co-authored), and sections in monographs and manuals (independent). The most important of them are: «Human Radiation Disease» (1971), «Medical Assistance given to personnel of the Chernobyl N.P., after 1986 Accident». (1996). (editor and co-author), «Guidelines for Organisation of Medical Care for Persons Exposed to Radiation» (1986), «Guidelines for Radiation Medicine» (2001).","PeriodicalId":37358,"journal":{"name":"Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140777752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-2-65-72
S. Rodneva, D. Guryev
Introduction 1. Tritium and reference radiation 1.1 Tritium isotope and its energy spectrum 1.2 Reference radiation 2. Methods for determining the quality of radiation and RBE 2.1 Radiation quality in microdosimetry 2.2 RBE by the number of DNA double-strand breaks 2.3 RBE by fraction of secondary low-energy electrons 3. Analysis of calculations of radiation quality and tritium RBE 3.1 Estimation of tritium emission quality factors 3.2 Evaluation of the RBE of tritium radiation during its action on DNA 3.3 Estimation of the RBE of tritium from the fraction of secondary low-energy electrons 3.4 Quality factors and RBE of tritium with respect to reference emissions Conclusion
{"title":"Theoretical Analysis of the Radiation Quality and the Relative Biological Efficiency of Tritium","authors":"S. Rodneva, D. Guryev","doi":"10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-2-65-72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-2-65-72","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction 1. Tritium and reference radiation 1.1 Tritium isotope and its energy spectrum 1.2 Reference radiation 2. Methods for determining the quality of radiation and RBE 2.1 Radiation quality in microdosimetry 2.2 RBE by the number of DNA double-strand breaks 2.3 RBE by fraction of secondary low-energy electrons 3. Analysis of calculations of radiation quality and tritium RBE 3.1 Estimation of tritium emission quality factors 3.2 Evaluation of the RBE of tritium radiation during its action on DNA 3.3 Estimation of the RBE of tritium from the fraction of secondary low-energy electrons 3.4 Quality factors and RBE of tritium with respect to reference emissions Conclusion","PeriodicalId":37358,"journal":{"name":"Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140785707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-2-24-29
A.S. Samoylov, O.A. Kochetkov, V. Klochkov, V. Barchukov, S.M. Shinkarev
Purpose: To justify the main areas of Russian legacy framework in the field of radiation safety assurance as a basis for improvement of the current standards and regulations. Material and methods: The article analyses international documents and Russian federal laws regulating different aspects of human safety and highlights the most important approaches and procedures of safety assurance proven in practice. Results: The necessity of developing new federal law “On Radiation Safety in Russian Federation” is substantiated. The article shows that internationally recognized principles of radiation safety assurance should be applied in Russia: those are the preservation principle, the responsibility principle, the continuous control principle and, in particular, the permission principle. The last principle means that what is not permitted is forbidden when it comes to handling ionizing radiation sources. The article describes the main provisions and elements of new law and details some considerations that need to be articulated and enhanced in new federal law based on positive experience of their implementation in the current federal laws on different safety aspects. Conclusion: New federal Law “On Radiation Safety in Russian Federation” should incorporate all positive experience of applying the current Federal Law of 09.01.1996 N 3-FL “On Radiation Safety of the Public” and other Russian laws regulating different aspects of human safety assurance in various fields. New law should be based on unconditional priority of protection of human life and health, present and future generations and the environment from possible radiation exposure. New law should enable interaction of the facilities whose activities are related to handling ionizing radiation sources and facilities of the infrastructure for radiation safety assurance, as well as provide connection to other regulations that set specific norms and requirements in the field of radiation safety assurance.
{"title":"Development of the Legal Framework in the Field of Radiation Safety","authors":"A.S. Samoylov, O.A. Kochetkov, V. Klochkov, V. Barchukov, S.M. Shinkarev","doi":"10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-2-24-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-2-24-29","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To justify the main areas of Russian legacy framework in the field of radiation safety assurance as a basis for improvement of the current standards and regulations. Material and methods: The article analyses international documents and Russian federal laws regulating different aspects of human safety and highlights the most important approaches and procedures of safety assurance proven in practice. Results: The necessity of developing new federal law “On Radiation Safety in Russian Federation” is substantiated. The article shows that internationally recognized principles of radiation safety assurance should be applied in Russia: those are the preservation principle, the responsibility principle, the continuous control principle and, in particular, the permission principle. The last principle means that what is not permitted is forbidden when it comes to handling ionizing radiation sources. The article describes the main provisions and elements of new law and details some considerations that need to be articulated and enhanced in new federal law based on positive experience of their implementation in the current federal laws on different safety aspects. Conclusion: New federal Law “On Radiation Safety in Russian Federation” should incorporate all positive experience of applying the current Federal Law of 09.01.1996 N 3-FL “On Radiation Safety of the Public” and other Russian laws regulating different aspects of human safety assurance in various fields. New law should be based on unconditional priority of protection of human life and health, present and future generations and the environment from possible radiation exposure. New law should enable interaction of the facilities whose activities are related to handling ionizing radiation sources and facilities of the infrastructure for radiation safety assurance, as well as provide connection to other regulations that set specific norms and requirements in the field of radiation safety assurance.","PeriodicalId":37358,"journal":{"name":"Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140785198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-1-5-14
A.V. Akleyev, T. Azizova, S.A. Ivanov, S. Kiselev, R. M. Takhauov, S. Fesenko, S.M. Shinkarev
The paper dwells upon the key outcomes of the 70-th Session of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) which took place during 19-23 June 2023. Experts from 30 UNSCEAR Member-states as well as the representatives of international organizations participated in the work of the Session. Within the framework of the meetings of the working group and subgroups the documents on the following projects were discussed: R.757 “Second primary cancer after radiotherapy”, R.758 “Epidemiological studies of radiation and cancer”, R.759 “Evaluation of public exposures to ionizing radiation from natural and other sources”, R.760 “Evaluation of diseases of the circulatory system from radiation exposure” and R.761 “Nervous system effects of ionizing radiation”. The Committee also discussed interim reports: UNSCEAR/70/7 “Implementation of the Strategy to improve collection, analysis and dissemination of data on radiation exposure (including consideration of the Committee’s ad hoc working group on sources and exposure)”, UNSCEAR/70/8 “Implementation of the Committee’s Future Programme of Work and proposals for 2025‒2029 period (including consideration of the Committee’s ad hoc working group on effects and mechanisms)”, working materials for this document “Terms used by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation”, UNSCEAR/70/9 “Implementation of public information and outreach strategy for 2020–2024” and Report to the UN General Assembly.
{"title":"Results of the 70-th Session of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of the Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) (Vienna, 19–23 June, 2023)","authors":"A.V. Akleyev, T. Azizova, S.A. Ivanov, S. Kiselev, R. M. Takhauov, S. Fesenko, S.M. Shinkarev","doi":"10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-1-5-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-1-5-14","url":null,"abstract":"The paper dwells upon the key outcomes of the 70-th Session of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) which took place during 19-23 June 2023. Experts from 30 UNSCEAR Member-states as well as the representatives of international organizations participated in the work of the Session. Within the framework of the meetings of the working group and subgroups the documents on the following projects were discussed: R.757 “Second primary cancer after radiotherapy”, R.758 “Epidemiological studies of radiation and cancer”, R.759 “Evaluation of public exposures to ionizing radiation from natural and other sources”, R.760 “Evaluation of diseases of the circulatory system from radiation exposure” and R.761 “Nervous system effects of ionizing radiation”. The Committee also discussed interim reports: UNSCEAR/70/7 “Implementation of the Strategy to improve collection, analysis and dissemination of data on radiation exposure (including consideration of the Committee’s ad hoc working group on sources and exposure)”, UNSCEAR/70/8 “Implementation of the Committee’s Future Programme of Work and proposals for 2025‒2029 period (including consideration of the Committee’s ad hoc working group on effects and mechanisms)”, working materials for this document “Terms used by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation”, UNSCEAR/70/9 “Implementation of public information and outreach strategy for 2020–2024” and Report to the UN General Assembly.","PeriodicalId":37358,"journal":{"name":"Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139877267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-1-73-76
D. Kalinkin, I. Milto, Anas R. Takhauov, Lilia R. Takhauova, Yulia A. Samoilova, G. V. Gorina, Olesya V. Litvinova, R. M. Takhauov
Introduction: Uranium, which is the raw material basis of the nuclear industry, is capable of causing adverse medical and biological consequences for workers who come into contact with its compounds in the course of their professional activities. In order to study this effect and to study in detail the biomedical consequences of the effects of uranium compounds on the body of personnel of nuclear power facilities, it is necessary to form a cohort of persons engaged in work with uranium compounds. One of the key elements of the uranium conversion technology carried out within the framework of sublimation production is the production of raw uranium hexafluoride for subsequent isotopic enrichment. Purpose: To form and characterize a cohort of sublimate production of the personnel of the Siberian Chemical Plant involved in work with uranium compounds in the period 1953–2000. Material and methods: The source of information was the regional medical dosimetric register of Seversk Biophysical Research Center, containing information on all current and former employees of the Siberian Chemical Plant (about 65,000 people) from the moment of the company’s foundation to the present. Results: A cohort of Siberian Chemical Plant workers involved in work with uranium compounds in the period 1953–2000 has been formed and described. The cohort consists of 577 people (475 men and 102 women). Biomedical information and dosimetric information about the employees included in the cohort are included in the created database of the personnel of the Siberian Chemical Plant involved in working with uranium compounds in the period 1953–2000. Conclusion: The formed cohort and database will allow conducting epidemiological studies to assess the morbidity and mortality of personnel due to malignant neoplasms, as well as making scientifically sound conclusions about the role of uranium compounds in the occurrence and mortality due to malignant neoplasms.
{"title":"The Sublimate Production Cohort of the Siberian Chemical Plant (Dosimetric Characteristics)","authors":"D. Kalinkin, I. Milto, Anas R. Takhauov, Lilia R. Takhauova, Yulia A. Samoilova, G. V. Gorina, Olesya V. Litvinova, R. M. Takhauov","doi":"10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-1-73-76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-1-73-76","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Uranium, which is the raw material basis of the nuclear industry, is capable of causing adverse medical and biological consequences for workers who come into contact with its compounds in the course of their professional activities. In order to study this effect and to study in detail the biomedical consequences of the effects of uranium compounds on the body of personnel of nuclear power facilities, it is necessary to form a cohort of persons engaged in work with uranium compounds. One of the key elements of the uranium conversion technology carried out within the framework of sublimation production is the production of raw uranium hexafluoride for subsequent isotopic enrichment. Purpose: To form and characterize a cohort of sublimate production of the personnel of the Siberian Chemical Plant involved in work with uranium compounds in the period 1953–2000. Material and methods: The source of information was the regional medical dosimetric register of Seversk Biophysical Research Center, containing information on all current and former employees of the Siberian Chemical Plant (about 65,000 people) from the moment of the company’s foundation to the present. Results: A cohort of Siberian Chemical Plant workers involved in work with uranium compounds in the period 1953–2000 has been formed and described. The cohort consists of 577 people (475 men and 102 women). Biomedical information and dosimetric information about the employees included in the cohort are included in the created database of the personnel of the Siberian Chemical Plant involved in working with uranium compounds in the period 1953–2000. Conclusion: The formed cohort and database will allow conducting epidemiological studies to assess the morbidity and mortality of personnel due to malignant neoplasms, as well as making scientifically sound conclusions about the role of uranium compounds in the occurrence and mortality due to malignant neoplasms.","PeriodicalId":37358,"journal":{"name":"Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139815816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-1-5-14
A.V. Akleyev, T. Azizova, S.A. Ivanov, S. Kiselev, R. M. Takhauov, S. Fesenko, S.M. Shinkarev
The paper dwells upon the key outcomes of the 70-th Session of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) which took place during 19-23 June 2023. Experts from 30 UNSCEAR Member-states as well as the representatives of international organizations participated in the work of the Session. Within the framework of the meetings of the working group and subgroups the documents on the following projects were discussed: R.757 “Second primary cancer after radiotherapy”, R.758 “Epidemiological studies of radiation and cancer”, R.759 “Evaluation of public exposures to ionizing radiation from natural and other sources”, R.760 “Evaluation of diseases of the circulatory system from radiation exposure” and R.761 “Nervous system effects of ionizing radiation”. The Committee also discussed interim reports: UNSCEAR/70/7 “Implementation of the Strategy to improve collection, analysis and dissemination of data on radiation exposure (including consideration of the Committee’s ad hoc working group on sources and exposure)”, UNSCEAR/70/8 “Implementation of the Committee’s Future Programme of Work and proposals for 2025‒2029 period (including consideration of the Committee’s ad hoc working group on effects and mechanisms)”, working materials for this document “Terms used by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation”, UNSCEAR/70/9 “Implementation of public information and outreach strategy for 2020–2024” and Report to the UN General Assembly.
{"title":"Results of the 70-th Session of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of the Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) (Vienna, 19–23 June, 2023)","authors":"A.V. Akleyev, T. Azizova, S.A. Ivanov, S. Kiselev, R. M. Takhauov, S. Fesenko, S.M. Shinkarev","doi":"10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-1-5-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-1-5-14","url":null,"abstract":"The paper dwells upon the key outcomes of the 70-th Session of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) which took place during 19-23 June 2023. Experts from 30 UNSCEAR Member-states as well as the representatives of international organizations participated in the work of the Session. Within the framework of the meetings of the working group and subgroups the documents on the following projects were discussed: R.757 “Second primary cancer after radiotherapy”, R.758 “Epidemiological studies of radiation and cancer”, R.759 “Evaluation of public exposures to ionizing radiation from natural and other sources”, R.760 “Evaluation of diseases of the circulatory system from radiation exposure” and R.761 “Nervous system effects of ionizing radiation”. The Committee also discussed interim reports: UNSCEAR/70/7 “Implementation of the Strategy to improve collection, analysis and dissemination of data on radiation exposure (including consideration of the Committee’s ad hoc working group on sources and exposure)”, UNSCEAR/70/8 “Implementation of the Committee’s Future Programme of Work and proposals for 2025‒2029 period (including consideration of the Committee’s ad hoc working group on effects and mechanisms)”, working materials for this document “Terms used by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation”, UNSCEAR/70/9 “Implementation of public information and outreach strategy for 2020–2024” and Report to the UN General Assembly.","PeriodicalId":37358,"journal":{"name":"Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139817325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-1-15-19
A. Chigasova, M. Pustovalova, A. Osipov, S.A. Korneva, P.S. Eremin, E. Yashkina, M. Ignatov, Y. Fedotov, N. Vorobyeva, A. N. Osipov
Aim: To study the patterns of changes in the number of foci of phosphorylated DNA double-strand break repair proteins H2AX (γH2AX) and ATM (pATM) in cultured human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 1‒48 hours after exposure to X-ray radiation at doses of 40, 80, 160 and 250 mGy. Material and methods: We used the primary culture of human MSCs, obtained from the collection of LLC “BioloT” (Russia). Cells were irradiated using a RUB RUST-M1 X-ray biological unit (Diagnostika-M LLC, Moscow, Russia) equipped with two X-ray emitters at a dose rate of 40 mGy/min (voltage of 100 kV, an anode current of 8 mA, and a 1.5 mm Al filter) and 4 °C temperature. To quantify the yield of γH2AX and pATM foci immunocytochemical staining was carried out with the use of γH2AX and pATM antibody respectively. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was carried out using the statistical software package Statistica 8.0 (StatSoft). To assess the significance of differences between samples, Student’s t-test was used. Results: It was shown that the kinetics of changes in the number of γH2AX foci after irradiation at doses of 160 and 250 mGy and low (40‒80 mGy) doses are significantly different. In contrast to the significant (50‒60 %) decrease in the number of γH2AX foci observed 6 hours after irradiation at doses of 160 and 250 mGy, after irradiation at low doses, no significant decrease in γH2AX foci was observed at this time point. Analysis of the colocalization of γH2AX foci with pATM foci indicates that the mechanisms for maintaining a high number of γH2AX foci 24‒48 hours after low-dose irradiation are ATM independent. A hypothesis has been put forward to explain the phenomenon of maintaining the number of γH2AX foci 24‒48 hours after irradiation in low doses by replicative stress caused by stimulation of proliferation against the background of hyperproduction of free radicals, resulting in additional formation of DNA double-strand breaks and phosphorylation of H2AX by ATR kinase.
{"title":"Post-Radiation Changes in The Number of Phosphorylated H2ax and Atm Protein Foci in Low Dose X-Ray Irradiated Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells","authors":"A. Chigasova, M. Pustovalova, A. Osipov, S.A. Korneva, P.S. Eremin, E. Yashkina, M. Ignatov, Y. Fedotov, N. Vorobyeva, A. N. Osipov","doi":"10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-1-15-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-1-15-19","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To study the patterns of changes in the number of foci of phosphorylated DNA double-strand break repair proteins H2AX (γH2AX) and ATM (pATM) in cultured human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 1‒48 hours after exposure to X-ray radiation at doses of 40, 80, 160 and 250 mGy. Material and methods: We used the primary culture of human MSCs, obtained from the collection of LLC “BioloT” (Russia). Cells were irradiated using a RUB RUST-M1 X-ray biological unit (Diagnostika-M LLC, Moscow, Russia) equipped with two X-ray emitters at a dose rate of 40 mGy/min (voltage of 100 kV, an anode current of 8 mA, and a 1.5 mm Al filter) and 4 °C temperature. To quantify the yield of γH2AX and pATM foci immunocytochemical staining was carried out with the use of γH2AX and pATM antibody respectively. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was carried out using the statistical software package Statistica 8.0 (StatSoft). To assess the significance of differences between samples, Student’s t-test was used. Results: It was shown that the kinetics of changes in the number of γH2AX foci after irradiation at doses of 160 and 250 mGy and low (40‒80 mGy) doses are significantly different. In contrast to the significant (50‒60 %) decrease in the number of γH2AX foci observed 6 hours after irradiation at doses of 160 and 250 mGy, after irradiation at low doses, no significant decrease in γH2AX foci was observed at this time point. Analysis of the colocalization of γH2AX foci with pATM foci indicates that the mechanisms for maintaining a high number of γH2AX foci 24‒48 hours after low-dose irradiation are ATM independent. A hypothesis has been put forward to explain the phenomenon of maintaining the number of γH2AX foci 24‒48 hours after irradiation in low doses by replicative stress caused by stimulation of proliferation against the background of hyperproduction of free radicals, resulting in additional formation of DNA double-strand breaks and phosphorylation of H2AX by ATR kinase.","PeriodicalId":37358,"journal":{"name":"Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139890588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: To study the capabilities of the new radiopharmaceutical 99mTc-sentiscan in the visualization of sentinel lymph nodes in patients with breast cancer. Material and methods: A survey of 178 people diagnosed with breast cancer. Patients were divided into two groups depending on the route of administration of the radiopharmaceutical. The day before surgical treatment, all subjects were injected with a radiopharmaceutical using a syringe with an activity of no more than 120 MBq, in a volume of 0.3‒0.4 ml. The visualized sentinel lymph nodes were marked on the skin using a patented device – «Device for external marking of sentinel lymph nodes during radionuclide visualization». Intraoperative search for sentinel lymph nodes was carried out using gamma detectors Gamma-Finder II or Radical, followed by urgent histological examination. Results: Radioisotope visualization of sentinel lymph nodes using the domestic radiopharmaceutical 99mTc-sentiscan: in the first group (the drug was administered peritumorally) was 100 %, the average number of visualized lymph nodes in this group was 2.2; in the second group (the drug was administered subareolarly) ‒ 99.1 %, the average number of visualized lymph nodes ‒ 2.6. In the first group of patients, metastatic lesions of sentinel lymph nodes were detected in 8 cases (13.1 %), and in the second group ‒ in 14 (11.9 %). All lymph nodes were mapped in the axillary region on the side of the tumor process. Conclusion: The possibility of the radiopharmaceutical 99mTc-sentiscan for the identification and biopsy of sentinel lymph nodes in patients with breast cancer was assessed. The use of the domestic 99mTc-sentiscan makes it possible to visualize sentinel lymph nodes in patients with breast cancer and detect their location in 99.1‒100 % of cases. Taking into account the results obtained, the expanded indications for the use of the radiopharmaceutical and the cost of the kits, 99mTc-sentiscan is more preferable for use in clinical practice.
{"title":"Own Experience of using the Radiopharmaceutical 99mTc-sentiskan in Visualization of Sentinel Lymph Nodes in Patients with Breast Cancer","authors":"R.I. Tamrazov, R.D. Khusnutdinov, E.N. Alekhin, N.V. Averina, Yu.S. Pyshkina, D.А. Pashkov","doi":"10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-1-83-87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-1-83-87","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To study the capabilities of the new radiopharmaceutical 99mTc-sentiscan in the visualization of sentinel lymph nodes in patients with breast cancer. Material and methods: A survey of 178 people diagnosed with breast cancer. Patients were divided into two groups depending on the route of administration of the radiopharmaceutical. The day before surgical treatment, all subjects were injected with a radiopharmaceutical using a syringe with an activity of no more than 120 MBq, in a volume of 0.3‒0.4 ml. The visualized sentinel lymph nodes were marked on the skin using a patented device – «Device for external marking of sentinel lymph nodes during radionuclide visualization». Intraoperative search for sentinel lymph nodes was carried out using gamma detectors Gamma-Finder II or Radical, followed by urgent histological examination. Results: Radioisotope visualization of sentinel lymph nodes using the domestic radiopharmaceutical 99mTc-sentiscan: in the first group (the drug was administered peritumorally) was 100 %, the average number of visualized lymph nodes in this group was 2.2; in the second group (the drug was administered subareolarly) ‒ 99.1 %, the average number of visualized lymph nodes ‒ 2.6. In the first group of patients, metastatic lesions of sentinel lymph nodes were detected in 8 cases (13.1 %), and in the second group ‒ in 14 (11.9 %). All lymph nodes were mapped in the axillary region on the side of the tumor process. Conclusion: The possibility of the radiopharmaceutical 99mTc-sentiscan for the identification and biopsy of sentinel lymph nodes in patients with breast cancer was assessed. The use of the domestic 99mTc-sentiscan makes it possible to visualize sentinel lymph nodes in patients with breast cancer and detect their location in 99.1‒100 % of cases. Taking into account the results obtained, the expanded indications for the use of the radiopharmaceutical and the cost of the kits, 99mTc-sentiscan is more preferable for use in clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":37358,"journal":{"name":"Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139823848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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