Barbara Gilić, Dario Vrdoljak, Marijana Geets Kesic, M. Spasić
Abstract Introduction. Lipid profile is one of the main determinants of cardiovascular health status. Moderate and vigorous physical activity can positively influence lipid profile, and one such activity is sport climbing. The main aim of this study was to determine the lipid profile and to investigate the influence of training experience on the lipid profile of youth climbers. Material and Methods. This research included 12 youth climbers aged 15.33 ± 1.30 years (6 males, 6 females), who were tested on anthropo-metric indices and lipid profile (total cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, triglycerides) using the point-of-care testing. Variables of lipid profile were correlated with years of climbing experience by Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients, while the differences between females and males were checked by the Mann-Whitney U test. Results. Youth climbers had acceptable levels of all measured lipid parameters. Training experience was significantly positively correlated with body mass index (R = 0.76, p < 0.01) and significantly negatively correlated with cholesterol (R = -0.80, p < 0.01). Conclusions. Results support that climbing as a vigorous and enjoyable physical activity might be advertised as a proxy for reaching recommended amounts of physical activity among adolescents, which is associated with improved lipid profile. However, this is only a preliminary investigation advocating that determinants of health status related to climbing practice should be further investigated.
{"title":"Lipid Profile of Youth Sport Climbers: A Preliminary Investigation","authors":"Barbara Gilić, Dario Vrdoljak, Marijana Geets Kesic, M. Spasić","doi":"10.2478/pjst-2023-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjst-2023-0023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction. Lipid profile is one of the main determinants of cardiovascular health status. Moderate and vigorous physical activity can positively influence lipid profile, and one such activity is sport climbing. The main aim of this study was to determine the lipid profile and to investigate the influence of training experience on the lipid profile of youth climbers. Material and Methods. This research included 12 youth climbers aged 15.33 ± 1.30 years (6 males, 6 females), who were tested on anthropo-metric indices and lipid profile (total cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, triglycerides) using the point-of-care testing. Variables of lipid profile were correlated with years of climbing experience by Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients, while the differences between females and males were checked by the Mann-Whitney U test. Results. Youth climbers had acceptable levels of all measured lipid parameters. Training experience was significantly positively correlated with body mass index (R = 0.76, p < 0.01) and significantly negatively correlated with cholesterol (R = -0.80, p < 0.01). Conclusions. Results support that climbing as a vigorous and enjoyable physical activity might be advertised as a proxy for reaching recommended amounts of physical activity among adolescents, which is associated with improved lipid profile. However, this is only a preliminary investigation advocating that determinants of health status related to climbing practice should be further investigated.","PeriodicalId":37359,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139189930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Introduction. The article aims to analyse the current state of knowledge about mountaineering in the Himalayas through a systematic literature review. Material and Methods. For this purpose, the following research questions were formulated: Which journals publish the most studies concerning the Himalayas and which authors make significant contributors to this area of research? What are the dominant research themes, and how have they changed over the years? What factors contribute to success and deaths in Himalayan mountaineering? The study is based on a mapping review of publications from the Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCO and Google Scholar databases with research profiling and co-word analysis using VOSviewer. In total, 189 articles selected for review were subjected to automatic content analysis (text mining, clustering) in the VOSviewer program to produce a self-organising map of keywords, grouped into four thematic areas: (1) tourism management, geo-ecology and local community; (2) psychology, anthropology and risk of high altitude physical activity; (3) acclimatisation, hypoxia pathophysiology; and (4) altitude and acute disease, brain and pulmonary oedema. Results. In the qualitative phase of the analysis, success and failure factors in Himalayan mountaineering were identified. It can be concluded that it is becoming safer and more common for climbers to reach the summit and such achievements are more accessible to women and older people. Conclusions. Safety increases can be attributed to the obligatory use of oxygen by mountain guides, better infrastructure on the trail (two-way system of lifelines), more reliable weather forecasts, and the assistance of experienced leaders.
摘要 导言。本文旨在通过系统的文献综述，分析喜马拉雅山登山运动的知识现状。材料与方法。为此，我们提出了以下研究问题：哪些期刊发表的有关喜马拉雅山的研究最多，哪些作者对这一研究领域做出了重要贡献？主要的研究主题是什么，这些主题多年来发生了哪些变化？哪些因素导致喜马拉雅登山的成功和死亡？本研究基于对 Scopus、Web of Science、EBSCO 和 Google Scholar 数据库中的出版物进行的图谱审查，以及使用 VOSviewer 进行的研究剖析和共词分析。VOSviewer 程序对总共 189 篇被选中进行审查的文章进行了自动内容分析（文本挖掘、聚类），以生成一个关键词自组织地图，并将其分为四个主题领域：(1) 旅游管理、地理生态学和当地社区；(2) 心理学、人类学和高海拔体育活动的风险；(3) 适应性、缺氧病理生理学；以及 (4) 高海拔与急性疾病、脑和肺水肿。研究结果。在定性分析阶段，确定了喜马拉雅登山的成功和失败因素。可以得出的结论是，登山者登顶喜马拉雅山变得越来越安全和普遍，妇女和老年人也更容易取得这样的成就。结论。安全系数的提高可归因于登山向导必须使用氧气、登山道上有更好的基础设施（双向生命线系统）、更可靠的天气预报以及经验丰富的领队的协助。
{"title":"Mountaineering in the Himalayas: A Comprehensive Analysis Through a Literature Review and Research Profiling","authors":"Marek Nowacki","doi":"10.2478/pjst-2023-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjst-2023-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction. The article aims to analyse the current state of knowledge about mountaineering in the Himalayas through a systematic literature review. Material and Methods. For this purpose, the following research questions were formulated: Which journals publish the most studies concerning the Himalayas and which authors make significant contributors to this area of research? What are the dominant research themes, and how have they changed over the years? What factors contribute to success and deaths in Himalayan mountaineering? The study is based on a mapping review of publications from the Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCO and Google Scholar databases with research profiling and co-word analysis using VOSviewer. In total, 189 articles selected for review were subjected to automatic content analysis (text mining, clustering) in the VOSviewer program to produce a self-organising map of keywords, grouped into four thematic areas: (1) tourism management, geo-ecology and local community; (2) psychology, anthropology and risk of high altitude physical activity; (3) acclimatisation, hypoxia pathophysiology; and (4) altitude and acute disease, brain and pulmonary oedema. Results. In the qualitative phase of the analysis, success and failure factors in Himalayan mountaineering were identified. It can be concluded that it is becoming safer and more common for climbers to reach the summit and such achievements are more accessible to women and older people. Conclusions. Safety increases can be attributed to the obligatory use of oxygen by mountain guides, better infrastructure on the trail (two-way system of lifelines), more reliable weather forecasts, and the assistance of experienced leaders.","PeriodicalId":37359,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139191076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michalina Kuska, Maria A. Nowak, H. Żukowska, Marcin Pasek, Mirosława Szark-Eckardt
Abstract Introduction. Low physical activity, transition to retirement and unfavorable socio-economic changes may significantly reduce the quality of life of older people. The increasing average life expectancy of the population requires measures intended to promote physical activity among the elderly in order to improve their quality of life. The aim of the research was to determine the relationship between exercise intensity and the quality of life in U3A students over 60 years of age. Material and methods. A diagnostic survey was applied in the research. The following research tools were used: WHOQOL-BREF Questionnaire to assess the quality of life, Minnesota Questionnaire (MLTPAQ) to test the intensity level of physical activity, and the authors’ own questionnaire. The study involved 673 individuals over 60 years of age from the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Region in Poland. Results. People who took low-intensity exercise more often were more satisfied with life and health. Likewise, they had higher quality of life assessments in the physical, psychological and environmental context in comparison with those who were not sporty. Individuals who went in for moderate physical effort more often assessed their quality of life better in the social area. Respondents who engaged in intense physical activities valued the quality of life in physical, psychological and environmental domains higher. Conclusions. The positive influence of regular exercise on the quality of life requires further promotion of this activity, health education, and extension, diversification and adjustment of the offer of sports activities to the needs and capabilities of the elderly.
{"title":"Intensity of Physical Activity and Quality of Life Among Older Adults","authors":"Michalina Kuska, Maria A. Nowak, H. Żukowska, Marcin Pasek, Mirosława Szark-Eckardt","doi":"10.2478/pjst-2023-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjst-2023-0024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction. Low physical activity, transition to retirement and unfavorable socio-economic changes may significantly reduce the quality of life of older people. The increasing average life expectancy of the population requires measures intended to promote physical activity among the elderly in order to improve their quality of life. The aim of the research was to determine the relationship between exercise intensity and the quality of life in U3A students over 60 years of age. Material and methods. A diagnostic survey was applied in the research. The following research tools were used: WHOQOL-BREF Questionnaire to assess the quality of life, Minnesota Questionnaire (MLTPAQ) to test the intensity level of physical activity, and the authors’ own questionnaire. The study involved 673 individuals over 60 years of age from the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Region in Poland. Results. People who took low-intensity exercise more often were more satisfied with life and health. Likewise, they had higher quality of life assessments in the physical, psychological and environmental context in comparison with those who were not sporty. Individuals who went in for moderate physical effort more often assessed their quality of life better in the social area. Respondents who engaged in intense physical activities valued the quality of life in physical, psychological and environmental domains higher. Conclusions. The positive influence of regular exercise on the quality of life requires further promotion of this activity, health education, and extension, diversification and adjustment of the offer of sports activities to the needs and capabilities of the elderly.","PeriodicalId":37359,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139195471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patrycja Bobowik, Jan Świerczek, Karol Jaskulski, I. Wiszomirska, Jan Gajewski
Abstract Introduction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of bouldering on upper and lower limb muscle strength and body balance. Material and Methods. The study group consisted of 22 climbers (aged 27.23 ± 4.81) with at least 2 years of bouldering experience, while the control group consisted of 20 men (aged 23.10 ± 5.28) not practicing rock climbing. The study received approval from the local bioethical commission in Poland. Static and dynamic stabilographic parameters were measured with eyes open (EO) and closed (EC) on the Biodex Balance System SD USA (BBS) platform. Subsequently, the maximum muscle torques of the elbow, hip, knee and ankle joints were measured in isometric conditions. Hand-grip strength (HGS) with and without the thumb was assessed using a handheld dynamometer. Results. Climbers achieved significantly higher values of HGS with the thumb of both hands (p < 0.005), foot extensors strength (FES) in both limbs (p < 0.05) and left hip extensors (HES L) (p < 0.05). They also achieved significantly lower values of all stabilographic parameters, indicating better balance compared to the control group (p < 0.05). An interaction of HES x SIDE across the groups was observed (F(1,40) = 13.588, p < 0.001 η2 = 0.254). Moreover, there was a statistically significant negative correlation of ankle extensors strength with medial-lateral stability index (MLSI EC) (right: r = -0.418; left: r = -0.331) and fall risk index (FRI6-2) (right: r = -0.520; left: r = -0.435). Conclusions. Regular climbing training develops muscle strength, especially FES, HES, HGS, and improves balance. Climbing can be used for prevention of muscle weakness and equilibrium disorders.
{"title":"Evaluation of Balance and Muscle Strength of Upper and Lower Limbs in Rock Climbers","authors":"Patrycja Bobowik, Jan Świerczek, Karol Jaskulski, I. Wiszomirska, Jan Gajewski","doi":"10.2478/pjst-2023-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjst-2023-0021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of bouldering on upper and lower limb muscle strength and body balance. Material and Methods. The study group consisted of 22 climbers (aged 27.23 ± 4.81) with at least 2 years of bouldering experience, while the control group consisted of 20 men (aged 23.10 ± 5.28) not practicing rock climbing. The study received approval from the local bioethical commission in Poland. Static and dynamic stabilographic parameters were measured with eyes open (EO) and closed (EC) on the Biodex Balance System SD USA (BBS) platform. Subsequently, the maximum muscle torques of the elbow, hip, knee and ankle joints were measured in isometric conditions. Hand-grip strength (HGS) with and without the thumb was assessed using a handheld dynamometer. Results. Climbers achieved significantly higher values of HGS with the thumb of both hands (p < 0.005), foot extensors strength (FES) in both limbs (p < 0.05) and left hip extensors (HES L) (p < 0.05). They also achieved significantly lower values of all stabilographic parameters, indicating better balance compared to the control group (p < 0.05). An interaction of HES x SIDE across the groups was observed (F(1,40) = 13.588, p < 0.001 η2 = 0.254). Moreover, there was a statistically significant negative correlation of ankle extensors strength with medial-lateral stability index (MLSI EC) (right: r = -0.418; left: r = -0.331) and fall risk index (FRI6-2) (right: r = -0.520; left: r = -0.435). Conclusions. Regular climbing training develops muscle strength, especially FES, HES, HGS, and improves balance. Climbing can be used for prevention of muscle weakness and equilibrium disorders.","PeriodicalId":37359,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139194212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Długołȩcka, E. Jówko, J. Kotowska, Dariusz Gierczuk
Abstract Introduction. The purpose of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to evaluate the effect of ashwagandha supplementation on the body composition, blood health and recovery indices, as well as the safety of ashwagandha supplementation in wrestling. Material and Methods. To investigate this, body composition (using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry; DEXA) and blood parameters as indicators of athletes’ health status (i.e., hematology, liver, kidney and muscle tissue function, lipid profile) were measured before and after 8-week supplementation with ashwagandha extract (600 mg/day) in professional national team wrestlers following an intensive training plan (as part of an annual training cycle). Results. At the end of the study, there was a significant increase in fat-free mass and muscle mass, with a significant decrease in fat mass (both in absolute and relative terms) in both ashwagandha and placebo groups (main effect of time, p < 0.05). However, ashwagandha supplementation did not affect any of the body composition parameters (main effect of group or interaction of time and group, p > 0.05). Moreover, intense wrestling training induced an increase in blood creatine kinase activity as an indicator of muscle tissue damage (main effect of time, p < 0.05). Ashwagandha supplementation did not significantly affect any hematological or biochemical blood parameters (p > 0.05 for main effect of group and interaction of time and group). However, the increase in creatine kinase activity during the study seemed to be more pronounced in the placebo group (post-hoc; p < 0.05) than in the ashwagandha group (post-hoc; p > 0.05). Conclusions. In conclusion, ashwagandha supplementation at 600 mg daily for 8 weeks is well tolerated and safe for professional wrestlers. This strategy does not appear to offer additional body composition benefits beyond the effect of intense wrestling training. On the other hand, our results indicate some potential for ashwagandha in improving muscle tissue recovery, which needs to be confirmed on a larger population of athletes.
{"title":"Effects of Ashwagandha (Withania Somnifera) Supplementation on Body Composition and Blood Health Indices in Professional Wrestlers","authors":"B. Długołȩcka, E. Jówko, J. Kotowska, Dariusz Gierczuk","doi":"10.2478/pjst-2023-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjst-2023-0022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction. The purpose of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to evaluate the effect of ashwagandha supplementation on the body composition, blood health and recovery indices, as well as the safety of ashwagandha supplementation in wrestling. Material and Methods. To investigate this, body composition (using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry; DEXA) and blood parameters as indicators of athletes’ health status (i.e., hematology, liver, kidney and muscle tissue function, lipid profile) were measured before and after 8-week supplementation with ashwagandha extract (600 mg/day) in professional national team wrestlers following an intensive training plan (as part of an annual training cycle). Results. At the end of the study, there was a significant increase in fat-free mass and muscle mass, with a significant decrease in fat mass (both in absolute and relative terms) in both ashwagandha and placebo groups (main effect of time, p < 0.05). However, ashwagandha supplementation did not affect any of the body composition parameters (main effect of group or interaction of time and group, p > 0.05). Moreover, intense wrestling training induced an increase in blood creatine kinase activity as an indicator of muscle tissue damage (main effect of time, p < 0.05). Ashwagandha supplementation did not significantly affect any hematological or biochemical blood parameters (p > 0.05 for main effect of group and interaction of time and group). However, the increase in creatine kinase activity during the study seemed to be more pronounced in the placebo group (post-hoc; p < 0.05) than in the ashwagandha group (post-hoc; p > 0.05). Conclusions. In conclusion, ashwagandha supplementation at 600 mg daily for 8 weeks is well tolerated and safe for professional wrestlers. This strategy does not appear to offer additional body composition benefits beyond the effect of intense wrestling training. On the other hand, our results indicate some potential for ashwagandha in improving muscle tissue recovery, which needs to be confirmed on a larger population of athletes.","PeriodicalId":37359,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139193661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Czaplicki, Martyna Jarocka, T. Sacewicz, J. Walawski, J. Jaszczuk
Abstract Introduction. Patellar instability in younger patients is a common injury (3.3% of all knee injury episodes) and the most frequent dislocation of the knee observed. The sensitivity and reliability of clinical diagnostic tests after medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction remain unclear and biased. The primary aim of the present study was thus to detect, using wavelet analysis, differences in the rearfoot loading of the operated limb of patients after MPFL reconstruction. The authors hypothesised that applying this specific examination technique would allow for more accurate and less biased clinical results evaluation. Material and Methods. The study involved a group of 15 female subjects (age: 22.8 ± 6.3 years; weight: 58.5 ± 5.1 kg) after MPFL reconstruction and a control group of 29 healthy females (23.2 ± 2.8 years; 61.1 ± 7.7 kg). The subjects performed a 30-second classic Romberg test on a treadmill (Noraxon FDN-T) equipped with a matrix of baroresistive sensors to measure ground reaction forces. Time-frequency analysis of the signal originating from the treadmill was done using an analytic Morse wavelet. Results. The results indicate differences in visual control and vestibular stability in patients before and 3 months after a surgery. They are characterised by a deficit of energy attributed to visual control in favour of an excess of energy associated with vestibular control. Patellar instability patients show greater energy expenditure to maintain body balance for at least 6 months after MPFL reconstruction. Conclusions. Patellar instability patients have increased vestibular control while maintaining balance. Our results suggest an extended rehabilitation period for patients after MPFL reconstruction beyond 6 months.
{"title":"Wavelet Analysis of Rearfoot Loading of Patients After Medial Patellofemoral Ligament (MPFL) Reconstruction","authors":"A. Czaplicki, Martyna Jarocka, T. Sacewicz, J. Walawski, J. Jaszczuk","doi":"10.2478/pjst-2023-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjst-2023-0020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction. Patellar instability in younger patients is a common injury (3.3% of all knee injury episodes) and the most frequent dislocation of the knee observed. The sensitivity and reliability of clinical diagnostic tests after medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction remain unclear and biased. The primary aim of the present study was thus to detect, using wavelet analysis, differences in the rearfoot loading of the operated limb of patients after MPFL reconstruction. The authors hypothesised that applying this specific examination technique would allow for more accurate and less biased clinical results evaluation. Material and Methods. The study involved a group of 15 female subjects (age: 22.8 ± 6.3 years; weight: 58.5 ± 5.1 kg) after MPFL reconstruction and a control group of 29 healthy females (23.2 ± 2.8 years; 61.1 ± 7.7 kg). The subjects performed a 30-second classic Romberg test on a treadmill (Noraxon FDN-T) equipped with a matrix of baroresistive sensors to measure ground reaction forces. Time-frequency analysis of the signal originating from the treadmill was done using an analytic Morse wavelet. Results. The results indicate differences in visual control and vestibular stability in patients before and 3 months after a surgery. They are characterised by a deficit of energy attributed to visual control in favour of an excess of energy associated with vestibular control. Patellar instability patients show greater energy expenditure to maintain body balance for at least 6 months after MPFL reconstruction. Conclusions. Patellar instability patients have increased vestibular control while maintaining balance. Our results suggest an extended rehabilitation period for patients after MPFL reconstruction beyond 6 months.","PeriodicalId":37359,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139195182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.1080/14775085.2023.2275052
Fangyu Xia, Ye Xu
ABSTRACTWatching sport events at tourist destinations is an appealing attraction for tourists because it generates excitement and direct understanding of the event, as well as the destination. Thus, a good event image can motivate people to re-attend sport events, make priority choices among similar games and even attach their personal feelings to the events. However, few researchers have explored the factors affecting sport event images and its consequential effects, particularly in the post-pandemic era. In the current study, 417 valid questionnaires were collected by convenience sampling during the 68th Macao Grand Prix, and analysed by structural modelling, via SPSS23 and AMOS26. The results showed that travel motivation, tourist-resident interaction and event quality are all important factors that positively influence the event image, with event quality having the most significant effect. Subsequently, event images positively affect event attachment and loyalty. Considering that the continued coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic travel risk still exist, it was incorporated as a moderator, which revealed that it negatively moderated the relations between event images, attachment and loyalty. This study supplements theoretical defects in sport event tourism by enriching the causes and effects of event images, and provides practical suggestions for sport event policymakers, planners and tourism managers.KEYWORDS: Sport event tourismevent imagetourist-resident interactionevent quality Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s)
{"title":"Constructing influencing factors of sport event image and their consequential effect on tourists","authors":"Fangyu Xia, Ye Xu","doi":"10.1080/14775085.2023.2275052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14775085.2023.2275052","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTWatching sport events at tourist destinations is an appealing attraction for tourists because it generates excitement and direct understanding of the event, as well as the destination. Thus, a good event image can motivate people to re-attend sport events, make priority choices among similar games and even attach their personal feelings to the events. However, few researchers have explored the factors affecting sport event images and its consequential effects, particularly in the post-pandemic era. In the current study, 417 valid questionnaires were collected by convenience sampling during the 68th Macao Grand Prix, and analysed by structural modelling, via SPSS23 and AMOS26. The results showed that travel motivation, tourist-resident interaction and event quality are all important factors that positively influence the event image, with event quality having the most significant effect. Subsequently, event images positively affect event attachment and loyalty. Considering that the continued coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic travel risk still exist, it was incorporated as a moderator, which revealed that it negatively moderated the relations between event images, attachment and loyalty. This study supplements theoretical defects in sport event tourism by enriching the causes and effects of event images, and provides practical suggestions for sport event policymakers, planners and tourism managers.KEYWORDS: Sport event tourismevent imagetourist-resident interactionevent quality Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s)","PeriodicalId":37359,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135813703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.1080/14775085.2023.2252420
Katrin Geiger, Svenja Sers, Lennart Buday, Hagen Wäsche
ABSTRACTHiking has become an increasingly popular activity for all age groups and can be seen as one of the major nature-based tourist activities. As in other areas of tourism, a trend toward a growing emphasis on quality is identifiable in hiking tourism. To better address the needs and demands of hiking tourists, knowledge of motives for hiking is crucial. Focusing on the context of hiking tourism, the aim of this study is to examine the motives of hikers and to identify possible underlying individual differences in motives. By using an adapted questionnaire based on the existing inventory ‘Bernese motive and goal inventory in leisure and health sports’ (BMZI), hiking tourists at three different locations in the Black Forest in Germany were interviewed. A total of 113 questionnaires were used for statistical analysis. First, an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was applied to classify motives for engaging in hiking, resulting in five motives: ‘experience of nature’, ‘health’, ‘distraction’, ‘social contact in sport’, ‘physique’, and ‘competition’. Second, further analyses revealed significant differences in terms of gender, age, educational level, frequency of exercising, frequency of hiking, and type of vacation regarding single motives for hiking, with the motive ‘health’ showing most differences according to sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics (i.e. gender, frequency of exercising, frequency of hiking). The results of this study provide a better understanding of hiking tourists and their motives. Furthermore, the results are useful for organizations, marketing, destinations, and networks in the field of sport and tourism to promote hiking tourism.KEYWORDS: Active tourismmotivationoutdoor activityrecreational activity AcknowledgmentsThe authors would like to thank all participants contributing to the study. The study was not funded.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
{"title":"Why hikers hike: an analysis of motives for hiking","authors":"Katrin Geiger, Svenja Sers, Lennart Buday, Hagen Wäsche","doi":"10.1080/14775085.2023.2252420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14775085.2023.2252420","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTHiking has become an increasingly popular activity for all age groups and can be seen as one of the major nature-based tourist activities. As in other areas of tourism, a trend toward a growing emphasis on quality is identifiable in hiking tourism. To better address the needs and demands of hiking tourists, knowledge of motives for hiking is crucial. Focusing on the context of hiking tourism, the aim of this study is to examine the motives of hikers and to identify possible underlying individual differences in motives. By using an adapted questionnaire based on the existing inventory ‘Bernese motive and goal inventory in leisure and health sports’ (BMZI), hiking tourists at three different locations in the Black Forest in Germany were interviewed. A total of 113 questionnaires were used for statistical analysis. First, an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was applied to classify motives for engaging in hiking, resulting in five motives: ‘experience of nature’, ‘health’, ‘distraction’, ‘social contact in sport’, ‘physique’, and ‘competition’. Second, further analyses revealed significant differences in terms of gender, age, educational level, frequency of exercising, frequency of hiking, and type of vacation regarding single motives for hiking, with the motive ‘health’ showing most differences according to sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics (i.e. gender, frequency of exercising, frequency of hiking). The results of this study provide a better understanding of hiking tourists and their motives. Furthermore, the results are useful for organizations, marketing, destinations, and networks in the field of sport and tourism to promote hiking tourism.KEYWORDS: Active tourismmotivationoutdoor activityrecreational activity AcknowledgmentsThe authors would like to thank all participants contributing to the study. The study was not funded.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).","PeriodicalId":37359,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135014535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Introduction. Based on Shoemaker's model of gatekeeping, this study addresses two questions: What social representations of sports are promoted by the prime time news program of the public television broadcaster Radio Televisão Portuguesa (RTP)? How do editors assess sports news stories during the editorial decision-making process? Material and Methods. For this, we quantitatively examined all the sports content in the prime time ‘Telejornal’ daily news program of RTP during a trimester. Moreover, we studied the factors that influenced editorial decisions, by conducting naturalistic participant observation and semi-structured interviews. Results. Results indicate that facts of greater public protagonism, which cause a significant emotional reaction and are relatable to the public, are more newsworthy. The main constraints influencing the editorial decisions were organized in three co-dependent areas: Social System (macro level), RTP Organization (meso level) and Telejornal Newsroom (micro level). Conclusions. Findings contribute to a reduction in social stereotypes created by television broadcasters, and to sports actors optimizing their communication strategy.
{"title":"Editorial Gatekeeping in Sports News During Prime Time Television in a Public Broadcaster","authors":"Carla Cruz, Duarte Araújo","doi":"10.2478/pjst-2023-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjst-2023-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction. Based on Shoemaker's model of gatekeeping, this study addresses two questions: What social representations of sports are promoted by the prime time news program of the public television broadcaster Radio Televisão Portuguesa (RTP)? How do editors assess sports news stories during the editorial decision-making process? Material and Methods. For this, we quantitatively examined all the sports content in the prime time ‘Telejornal’ daily news program of RTP during a trimester. Moreover, we studied the factors that influenced editorial decisions, by conducting naturalistic participant observation and semi-structured interviews. Results. Results indicate that facts of greater public protagonism, which cause a significant emotional reaction and are relatable to the public, are more newsworthy. The main constraints influencing the editorial decisions were organized in three co-dependent areas: Social System (macro level), RTP Organization (meso level) and Telejornal Newsroom (micro level). Conclusions. Findings contribute to a reduction in social stereotypes created by television broadcasters, and to sports actors optimizing their communication strategy.","PeriodicalId":37359,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135639467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gopal Kumar, Vivek Pandey, Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo, Rohit K. Thapa
Abstract Introduction. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a six-week complex contrast training (CCT) intervention on the athletic performance of highly-trained amateur male soccer players during the pre-season period. Material and Methods. Participants aged 21.3 were randomized to CCT (n = 7) or active (i.e. standard soccer training) control (CG; n = 9) groups. Athletic performance was assessed using the 30 m linear sprint test time, standing long jump distance (SLJ), countermovement jump (CMJ) height, and unilateral right-left knee flexion and extension isokinetic maximal strength tests. The experimental group replaced part of the standard soccer training schedule with three CCT sessions per week for six weeks. A two (pre-post intervention) by two (CCT, CG) mixed ANOVA was used to analyze the exercise-specific effects. In addition, between-group comparisons at post-test were conducted with baseline scores as covariate. Within group changes were analyzed using paired t-test. Results. Significant group-by-time interaction effects were found for all dependent variables (p < 0.001 – 0.004). Post-hoc tests using paired t-test revealed significant improvements in all dependent variables in CCT (all p ≤ 0.001; effect size (g) = 0.29 – 0.96; %Δ = 4.5 – 14.7), but not in CG (p = 0.174 – 0.633; g = 0.03 – 0.20; %Δ = 0.4 – 2.6). Further, Bonferroni adjusted post-hoc analysis using baseline scores as a covariate showed post-test differences in favor of CCT compared to CG for all variables. Conclusions. CCT is recommended as an effective training strategy during the pre-season to improve athletic performance among highly-trained amateur male soccer players.
{"title":"Effects of Six-Week Pre-Season Complex Contrast Training Intervention on Male Soccer Players’ Athletic Performance","authors":"Gopal Kumar, Vivek Pandey, Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo, Rohit K. Thapa","doi":"10.2478/pjst-2023-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjst-2023-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a six-week complex contrast training (CCT) intervention on the athletic performance of highly-trained amateur male soccer players during the pre-season period. Material and Methods. Participants aged 21.3 were randomized to CCT (n = 7) or active (i.e. standard soccer training) control (CG; n = 9) groups. Athletic performance was assessed using the 30 m linear sprint test time, standing long jump distance (SLJ), countermovement jump (CMJ) height, and unilateral right-left knee flexion and extension isokinetic maximal strength tests. The experimental group replaced part of the standard soccer training schedule with three CCT sessions per week for six weeks. A two (pre-post intervention) by two (CCT, CG) mixed ANOVA was used to analyze the exercise-specific effects. In addition, between-group comparisons at post-test were conducted with baseline scores as covariate. Within group changes were analyzed using paired t-test. Results. Significant group-by-time interaction effects were found for all dependent variables (p < 0.001 – 0.004). Post-hoc tests using paired t-test revealed significant improvements in all dependent variables in CCT (all p ≤ 0.001; effect size (g) = 0.29 – 0.96; %Δ = 4.5 – 14.7), but not in CG (p = 0.174 – 0.633; g = 0.03 – 0.20; %Δ = 0.4 – 2.6). Further, Bonferroni adjusted post-hoc analysis using baseline scores as a covariate showed post-test differences in favor of CCT compared to CG for all variables. Conclusions. CCT is recommended as an effective training strategy during the pre-season to improve athletic performance among highly-trained amateur male soccer players.","PeriodicalId":37359,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135639510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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