Pub Date : 2021-12-16DOI: 10.1080/14775085.2021.2017325
Pam Lee, C. Koo, Namho Chung
ABSTRACT Mega sports events have received increasing attention as a source of revenue and because they confer other economic benefits to the host cities, regions, and countries involved. The 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeong Chang has drawn tremendous attention from the world for their remarkable outcome both on the side of athletics and politicians under the tension between North, and South Korea have escalated. This study examines the impact of Pyeong Chang Olympics on destination image to investigate how the negative issues shift to a positive destination image through hosting a mega sports event satisfaction and eventually its impact on intention to revisit. The results suggest that negative destination issues have no significant impact on destination satisfaction, whereas negative Olympic issues influence does and both Olympic and destination satisfactions influence destination image. This study introduces the concept of image transfer over the satisfaction process based on empirical evidence and enriches the understanding of the nature of destination image transfer.
{"title":"Can a negative destination image be improved through hosting a mega sports event?: the case of smart tourism city Pyeong Chang","authors":"Pam Lee, C. Koo, Namho Chung","doi":"10.1080/14775085.2021.2017325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14775085.2021.2017325","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Mega sports events have received increasing attention as a source of revenue and because they confer other economic benefits to the host cities, regions, and countries involved. The 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeong Chang has drawn tremendous attention from the world for their remarkable outcome both on the side of athletics and politicians under the tension between North, and South Korea have escalated. This study examines the impact of Pyeong Chang Olympics on destination image to investigate how the negative issues shift to a positive destination image through hosting a mega sports event satisfaction and eventually its impact on intention to revisit. The results suggest that negative destination issues have no significant impact on destination satisfaction, whereas negative Olympic issues influence does and both Olympic and destination satisfactions influence destination image. This study introduces the concept of image transfer over the satisfaction process based on empirical evidence and enriches the understanding of the nature of destination image transfer.","PeriodicalId":37359,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83733585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Introduction. This study sought to determine differences in the quarterly age distribution of young Polish volleyball players from the Sports School of the Polish Volleyball Federation (SS PVF), to investigate quarterly differences in anthropometric characteristics and jump test results. Material and Methods. RAE of young players from SS PVF (n = 232) born between 1989 and 2002 was identified in the course of the research. Furthermore, the study included anthropometric characteristics and jump test results (attack jump – AJ). Results. The chi-square test (χ2) revealed the overrepresentation of volleyball players born in quarters 1 and 2, both in the case of graduates (χ2 = 27.32, p < 0.0001) and students who did not finish school (χ2 = 17.95, p < 0.0005). Two-way ANOVA for unbalanced data for the Group factor showed significant differences in the value of estimated marginal means in the case of AJ (F(1,214) = 5.907, p < 0.016) and body mass (BM) (F(1,214) = 5.348, p < 0.022). Conclusions. These results point to the need for better understanding of RAE in order to avoid dropping out or the loss of potential talent, which will contribute to even greater development of volleyball in Poland.
摘要介绍。本研究旨在确定来自波兰排球联合会体校(SS PVF)的年轻波兰排球运动员的季度年龄分布差异，以调查人体测量特征和跳跃测试结果的季度差异。材料和方法。在研究过程中确定了1989 - 2002年出生的ppvf年轻球员的RAE (n = 232)。此外，研究还包括人体测量特征和跳跃测试结果(攻击跳- AJ)。结果。卡方检验(χ2)显示，在大学毕业生(χ2 = 27.32, p < 0.0001)和未完成学业的学生(χ2 = 17.95, p < 0.0005)中，出生在第1区和第2区的排球运动员的比例过高。对组因子不平衡数据的双向方差分析显示，在AJ (F(1,214) = 5.907, p < 0.016)和体重(BM) (F(1,214) = 5.348, p < 0.022)的情况下，估计边际均值的值存在显著差异。结论。这些结果表明，需要更好地了解RAE，以避免退出或潜在人才的流失，这将有助于波兰排球运动的更大发展。
{"title":"Relative Age Effect and Talent Identification in Youth Volleyball Players from the Polish Volleyball Federation Sports School","authors":"M. Sliwa, J. Sadowski, Mariusz Buszta","doi":"10.2478/pjst-2021-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjst-2021-0022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction. This study sought to determine differences in the quarterly age distribution of young Polish volleyball players from the Sports School of the Polish Volleyball Federation (SS PVF), to investigate quarterly differences in anthropometric characteristics and jump test results. Material and Methods. RAE of young players from SS PVF (n = 232) born between 1989 and 2002 was identified in the course of the research. Furthermore, the study included anthropometric characteristics and jump test results (attack jump – AJ). Results. The chi-square test (χ2) revealed the overrepresentation of volleyball players born in quarters 1 and 2, both in the case of graduates (χ2 = 27.32, p < 0.0001) and students who did not finish school (χ2 = 17.95, p < 0.0005). Two-way ANOVA for unbalanced data for the Group factor showed significant differences in the value of estimated marginal means in the case of AJ (F(1,214) = 5.907, p < 0.016) and body mass (BM) (F(1,214) = 5.348, p < 0.022). Conclusions. These results point to the need for better understanding of RAE in order to avoid dropping out or the loss of potential talent, which will contribute to even greater development of volleyball in Poland.","PeriodicalId":37359,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46479281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Introduction. Cycling is one of the most popular and practiced sports both in Europe and globally. However, management studies aimed at defining cyclists’ consumption behavior are still limited. The most recent contributions describe cycling consumption as an activity heavily influenced by the intensity and sociality of its practice but do not highlight the importance of expenditures related to participation in amateur cycling events and cycle tourism experiences. Starting from these behavioral dimensions, the article proposes an original segmentation of the sport and leisure market, leading to the identification of different profiles of amateur cyclists. Material and methods. The research was conducted on a sample of 182 cyclists located in one single Italian region to ensure a high level of social, economic and cultural uniformity. The data was collected by conducting a questionnaire, and its resulting information relating to sport and consumer behavior was processed through a cluster analysis procedure. Results. The results reveal the existence of five different amateur cyclists’ profiles (the parsimonious, the competitive, the ostentatious, the sociable and the experiential), each distinguished by specific behavior in terms of the intensity and way of conducting the sports activity and the propensity to incur different types of expenditure. Conclusions. From a theoretical point of view, the results confirm the effectiveness of behavioral segmentation in the market of sports consumption. From an operational point of view, they provide useful marketing indications for businesses operating in the sport-system chain and destination management operators.
{"title":"Sports Consumption Behavior: Discovering Typologies of Amateur Cyclists","authors":"L. Ferrucci, F. Forlani, Anthony L. V. Picciotti","doi":"10.2478/pjst-2021-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjst-2021-0023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction. Cycling is one of the most popular and practiced sports both in Europe and globally. However, management studies aimed at defining cyclists’ consumption behavior are still limited. The most recent contributions describe cycling consumption as an activity heavily influenced by the intensity and sociality of its practice but do not highlight the importance of expenditures related to participation in amateur cycling events and cycle tourism experiences. Starting from these behavioral dimensions, the article proposes an original segmentation of the sport and leisure market, leading to the identification of different profiles of amateur cyclists. Material and methods. The research was conducted on a sample of 182 cyclists located in one single Italian region to ensure a high level of social, economic and cultural uniformity. The data was collected by conducting a questionnaire, and its resulting information relating to sport and consumer behavior was processed through a cluster analysis procedure. Results. The results reveal the existence of five different amateur cyclists’ profiles (the parsimonious, the competitive, the ostentatious, the sociable and the experiential), each distinguished by specific behavior in terms of the intensity and way of conducting the sports activity and the propensity to incur different types of expenditure. Conclusions. From a theoretical point of view, the results confirm the effectiveness of behavioral segmentation in the market of sports consumption. From an operational point of view, they provide useful marketing indications for businesses operating in the sport-system chain and destination management operators.","PeriodicalId":37359,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46586688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Introduction. The present study deals with the effect of the duration of small-sided games (SSGs) with a floater player on the external (covered distance) and internal (heart rate) load of the elite female players. Material and methods. The research group consisted of nine professional elite female team handball field players (age 22.8 ± 4.5 years) playing in the first international league for female players in the Czech Republic. Their height was 170.4 ± 6.4 cm, weight 67.7 ± 9.2 kg, and maximal heart rate 200.2 ± 3.3 beats∙min-1. The duration of the SSGs was 4 (SSG4) minutes, 5 (SSG5) minutes, and 6 (SSG6) minutes. Results. The highest heart rate value of 177.2 ± 9.9 beats / minute resp. 88.5 ± 4.4% HRmax was measured in SSG5. The lowest mean heart rate values were measured at SSG6 of 172.01 ± 15.7 beats / min resp. 85.9 ± 6.8% HRmax. Most time 38 resp. 34% of the drill time, players were in the 85-90% HRmax load intensity zone of SSG4 and SSG5. There was a statistically significant difference in load intensity zones of 80-85% HRmax and ≥ 95% HRmax between SSG5 and SSG6 and p = .008 (η2p = 0.22) and .013 (η2p = 0.26), respectively. In the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) evaluation, there was a statistically significant difference in SSG6 and SSG4 p = .003 (η2p = 0.27) and between SSG6 and SSG5 p = .004 (η2p = 0.25). The total longest distance in SSG6 was 786.8 ± 41.9 m, but in the one-minute drill the longest average distance in SSG4 was 136.2 ± 21.1 metres per minute. Conclusions. SSGs with a floater are a suitable means for training technical and tactical activities in handball with an overlap into fitness training in women’s handball. According to our results, the intensity of the load will not decrease if we increase the game time to six minutes and also the covered distance will not decrease during the game.
{"title":"Effect of Small Sided Game Duration with Floater Player on Internal and External Load of Female Handball Players","authors":"J. Bělka, K. Hůlka, Václav Riedel, M. Šafář","doi":"10.2478/pjst-2021-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjst-2021-0020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction. The present study deals with the effect of the duration of small-sided games (SSGs) with a floater player on the external (covered distance) and internal (heart rate) load of the elite female players. Material and methods. The research group consisted of nine professional elite female team handball field players (age 22.8 ± 4.5 years) playing in the first international league for female players in the Czech Republic. Their height was 170.4 ± 6.4 cm, weight 67.7 ± 9.2 kg, and maximal heart rate 200.2 ± 3.3 beats∙min-1. The duration of the SSGs was 4 (SSG4) minutes, 5 (SSG5) minutes, and 6 (SSG6) minutes. Results. The highest heart rate value of 177.2 ± 9.9 beats / minute resp. 88.5 ± 4.4% HRmax was measured in SSG5. The lowest mean heart rate values were measured at SSG6 of 172.01 ± 15.7 beats / min resp. 85.9 ± 6.8% HRmax. Most time 38 resp. 34% of the drill time, players were in the 85-90% HRmax load intensity zone of SSG4 and SSG5. There was a statistically significant difference in load intensity zones of 80-85% HRmax and ≥ 95% HRmax between SSG5 and SSG6 and p = .008 (η2p = 0.22) and .013 (η2p = 0.26), respectively. In the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) evaluation, there was a statistically significant difference in SSG6 and SSG4 p = .003 (η2p = 0.27) and between SSG6 and SSG5 p = .004 (η2p = 0.25). The total longest distance in SSG6 was 786.8 ± 41.9 m, but in the one-minute drill the longest average distance in SSG4 was 136.2 ± 21.1 metres per minute. Conclusions. SSGs with a floater are a suitable means for training technical and tactical activities in handball with an overlap into fitness training in women’s handball. According to our results, the intensity of the load will not decrease if we increase the game time to six minutes and also the covered distance will not decrease during the game.","PeriodicalId":37359,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49090580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Introduction. The Yo-Yo Intermittent Endurance Test-Level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1) is considered a valuable measurement tool in assessing specific soccer endurance. However, there is a lack of recent research validating this test with regard to match running performance (MRP) in elite-level soccer. Material and Methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity of Yo-Yo IR1 in predicting MRP during elite-level soccer matches. The participants were soccer players who competed in the highest-level Croatian soccer league (23.57 ± 2.84 years, 181.9 ± 5.17 cm, 78.36 ± 4.18 kg), and they were all tested using Yo-Yo IR1 in the middle of the season 2019/2020. The players’ MRP (n = 71) was measured using the Global Positioning System over one-half season, and included the total distance covered, the distance covered in different speed zones, accelerations and decelerations. The association between MRP and Yo-Yo IR1 was identified with Pearson’s correlation. Results. The results indicated that central midfielders and fullbacks achieved significantly higher results in Yo-Yo IR1 than forwards and central defenders (F-test: 29.80; p < 0.01; large effect size). Higher results in Yo-Yo IR1 were correlated with the match amount of (i) the total distance covered (r = 0.65); (ii) high-speed running (r = 0.42); (iii) high-intensity distance covered (r = 0.36); (iv) total accelerations (r = 0.37); and total decelerations (r = 0.42). Conclusions. The established associations between Yo-Yo IR1 and MRP in this study confirmed the validity of Yo-Yo IR1 in predicting MRP in professional soccer today.
{"title":"Relationship Between Yo-Yo Intermittent Endurance Test-Level 1 and Match Running Performance in Soccer: Still on the Right Path?","authors":"Tonći Modrić, Šime Veršić, D. Sekulić","doi":"10.2478/pjst-2021-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjst-2021-0021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction. The Yo-Yo Intermittent Endurance Test-Level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1) is considered a valuable measurement tool in assessing specific soccer endurance. However, there is a lack of recent research validating this test with regard to match running performance (MRP) in elite-level soccer. Material and Methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity of Yo-Yo IR1 in predicting MRP during elite-level soccer matches. The participants were soccer players who competed in the highest-level Croatian soccer league (23.57 ± 2.84 years, 181.9 ± 5.17 cm, 78.36 ± 4.18 kg), and they were all tested using Yo-Yo IR1 in the middle of the season 2019/2020. The players’ MRP (n = 71) was measured using the Global Positioning System over one-half season, and included the total distance covered, the distance covered in different speed zones, accelerations and decelerations. The association between MRP and Yo-Yo IR1 was identified with Pearson’s correlation. Results. The results indicated that central midfielders and fullbacks achieved significantly higher results in Yo-Yo IR1 than forwards and central defenders (F-test: 29.80; p < 0.01; large effect size). Higher results in Yo-Yo IR1 were correlated with the match amount of (i) the total distance covered (r = 0.65); (ii) high-speed running (r = 0.42); (iii) high-intensity distance covered (r = 0.36); (iv) total accelerations (r = 0.37); and total decelerations (r = 0.42). Conclusions. The established associations between Yo-Yo IR1 and MRP in this study confirmed the validity of Yo-Yo IR1 in predicting MRP in professional soccer today.","PeriodicalId":37359,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44856631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Introduction. The aim of the research is to determine the structure of the day – the time devoted to various activities – of the inhabitants of large cities in Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic, taking into account the workweek-weekend cycle. Material and methods. Time budget studies – using qualitative research methods (structured interview, including self-reporting) – were conducted in December 2020 among residents of selected 9 large cities in Poland. The research was based on self-reporting by the respondents for one week. The results were analysed using three parameters: the average duration of the activity, the average time of performing the activity, the percentage of people performing the activity. Results. The daytime structure of inhabitants of large cities during the pandemic included 9.19 h (39% day time) for physiological activities, 8.30 h (36%) for duties, 5.49 h (24%) for leisure time and 0.20 h (1%) for commute. Relative to the 2013 GUS survey, there was a decrease in the amount of time spent commuting to work/school (72% decrease), physiological needs (15% decrease) and housework (15% decrease), More time than before the pandemic (51% increase in the amount of time) was devoted to work, and leisure time was spent on sports and recreation (125% increase in the amount of time) and using mass media (16%). Conclusions. COVID-19 pandemic and the associated restrictions have significantly impacted our daily lives and how we use our time.
{"title":"Time Budget of Inhabitants of Large Cities in Poland During the Covid-19 Pandemic","authors":"Krzysztof Piotrowski, R. Krukowska","doi":"10.2478/pjst-2021-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjst-2021-0024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction. The aim of the research is to determine the structure of the day – the time devoted to various activities – of the inhabitants of large cities in Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic, taking into account the workweek-weekend cycle. Material and methods. Time budget studies – using qualitative research methods (structured interview, including self-reporting) – were conducted in December 2020 among residents of selected 9 large cities in Poland. The research was based on self-reporting by the respondents for one week. The results were analysed using three parameters: the average duration of the activity, the average time of performing the activity, the percentage of people performing the activity. Results. The daytime structure of inhabitants of large cities during the pandemic included 9.19 h (39% day time) for physiological activities, 8.30 h (36%) for duties, 5.49 h (24%) for leisure time and 0.20 h (1%) for commute. Relative to the 2013 GUS survey, there was a decrease in the amount of time spent commuting to work/school (72% decrease), physiological needs (15% decrease) and housework (15% decrease), More time than before the pandemic (51% increase in the amount of time) was devoted to work, and leisure time was spent on sports and recreation (125% increase in the amount of time) and using mass media (16%). Conclusions. COVID-19 pandemic and the associated restrictions have significantly impacted our daily lives and how we use our time.","PeriodicalId":37359,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49110971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Hejazi, M. Fathi, Mahsa Salkhord, Maryam Dastani
Abstract Introduction. Inflammatory and coagulation factors are among the various factors that are involved in the development of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of combined training (endurance-intermittent resistance and endurance-continuous resistance) on coagulation, fibrinolytic and lipid profiles of overweight women. Material and Methods. This was a quasi-experimental study of 36 overweight women, who were divided into three groups of endurance-intermittent resistance training (n = 12), endurance-continuous resistance training (n = 12) and control (n = 12). The training was performed during eight weeks, three times a week, and each session lasted for 80 to 90 minutes. Blood samples were analyzed for the concentrations of coagulation, fibrinolytic and lipid profiles before and after the completion of the training program. Results. Fibrinogen levels, prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT) and platelet count decreased significantly at the end of the training in both intervention groups. However, serum levels of D-dimer increased significantly in both training groups. Also, the levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) decreased significantly, while the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) increased significantly. Conclusions. Combined exercise improved most coagulation factors and lipid profiles at the end of the training period. Therefore, the results of our research suggest that a combined exercise program can improve the health of overweight women.
{"title":"The Effect of Eight Weeks of Combined Training (Endurance-Intermittent Resistance and Endurance-Continuous Resistance) on Coagulation, Fibrinolytic and Lipid Profiles of Overweight Women","authors":"K. Hejazi, M. Fathi, Mahsa Salkhord, Maryam Dastani","doi":"10.2478/pjst-2021-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjst-2021-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction. Inflammatory and coagulation factors are among the various factors that are involved in the development of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of combined training (endurance-intermittent resistance and endurance-continuous resistance) on coagulation, fibrinolytic and lipid profiles of overweight women. Material and Methods. This was a quasi-experimental study of 36 overweight women, who were divided into three groups of endurance-intermittent resistance training (n = 12), endurance-continuous resistance training (n = 12) and control (n = 12). The training was performed during eight weeks, three times a week, and each session lasted for 80 to 90 minutes. Blood samples were analyzed for the concentrations of coagulation, fibrinolytic and lipid profiles before and after the completion of the training program. Results. Fibrinogen levels, prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT) and platelet count decreased significantly at the end of the training in both intervention groups. However, serum levels of D-dimer increased significantly in both training groups. Also, the levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) decreased significantly, while the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) increased significantly. Conclusions. Combined exercise improved most coagulation factors and lipid profiles at the end of the training period. Therefore, the results of our research suggest that a combined exercise program can improve the health of overweight women.","PeriodicalId":37359,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46389142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-20DOI: 10.1080/14775085.2021.1992295
Orr Levental, Michael U. Ben-Eli
ABSTRACT Although Both sport and sex tourism have been studied extensively in recent decades, until now, no research has been devoted to the sexual behavior of sports tourists. This article seeks to present an initial perspective on the phenomenon and to examine the behavior and characteristics of sports tourists’ sexual behavior when vacationing abroad. To this end, the research adopted a qualitative approach that entailed interviewing 22 young Israeli sports fans who traveled overseas with friends to attend competitive sporting events. Three main themes emerge from the findings of the study: the dynamics of being on vacation as a catalyst for sexual behavior; the individual tourist’s circumstances and his willingness to take an active role in the group’s activities; and the attitude of the tourists toward women and the sex industry. Two main conclusions emerge from the findings. The first is that group dynamics and free time beyond attending sporting events constitute a key component in shaping the tourist’s sexual behavior. The second is the perceived legitimacy of attending sporting events as a trigger for gender-based tourism.
{"title":"Men's sexual behavior during sports tourism","authors":"Orr Levental, Michael U. Ben-Eli","doi":"10.1080/14775085.2021.1992295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14775085.2021.1992295","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Although Both sport and sex tourism have been studied extensively in recent decades, until now, no research has been devoted to the sexual behavior of sports tourists. This article seeks to present an initial perspective on the phenomenon and to examine the behavior and characteristics of sports tourists’ sexual behavior when vacationing abroad. To this end, the research adopted a qualitative approach that entailed interviewing 22 young Israeli sports fans who traveled overseas with friends to attend competitive sporting events. Three main themes emerge from the findings of the study: the dynamics of being on vacation as a catalyst for sexual behavior; the individual tourist’s circumstances and his willingness to take an active role in the group’s activities; and the attitude of the tourists toward women and the sex industry. Two main conclusions emerge from the findings. The first is that group dynamics and free time beyond attending sporting events constitute a key component in shaping the tourist’s sexual behavior. The second is the perceived legitimacy of attending sporting events as a trigger for gender-based tourism.","PeriodicalId":37359,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84739244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/14775085.2021.1992296
John Harris, J. Vincent, Nicholas Wise
ABSTRACT Major international sporting events have long been recognised for the role they play in city and/or nation branding. The 2015 Rugby World Cup, England 2015, was promoted as the world’s biggest sporting event of the year. In addition to the 12 stadiums in England staging matches, games also took place at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff. Cardiff is not located in England but is the capital city of neighbouring Wales, a place where rugby union is the national sport and England its biggest rival. This paper looks at the incorporation of a Welsh city in an event hosted by England where the VisitEngland promotional campaign was based upon images of ‘England’s green and pleasant land’. Drawing upon the work of the cultural theorist Raymond Williams, it considers some of the issues shaping tourism promotion and assesses the imagery and discourse relating to a city that sits outside the borders of the host nation of an event.
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Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/14775085.2021.1994448
Cesare Amatulli, A. Peluso, Andrea Sestino, L. Petruzzellis, G. Guido
ABSTRACT While the concept of experience has attracted considerable attention in tourism, the research on psychological flow, as a mental state that tourists may derive from extraordinary experiences, has remained limited, especially in the field of tourism marketing. Yet, this concept might have an important role in promoting sustainable forms of tourism. This paper investigates the sociodemographic antecedents and consequences of psychological flow in the context of adventure tourism, which is a sustainable form of tourism due to its connection with nature and the great potential for assuring extraordinary experiences to tourists by considering mountain biking experiences as a research setting. The empirical results reveal that age is a particularly important sociodemographic antecedent: Indeed, respondents at older ages were more likely to experience psychological flow. Furthermore, reaching this mental state, in turn, increased respondents’ likelihood to disseminate positive information about their experiences and enhanced their satisfaction with life. Theoretical and operational implications are discussed along with main limitations and directions for future research.
{"title":"The role of psychological flow in adventure tourism: sociodemographic antecedents and consequences on word-of-mouth and life satisfaction","authors":"Cesare Amatulli, A. Peluso, Andrea Sestino, L. Petruzzellis, G. Guido","doi":"10.1080/14775085.2021.1994448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14775085.2021.1994448","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT While the concept of experience has attracted considerable attention in tourism, the research on psychological flow, as a mental state that tourists may derive from extraordinary experiences, has remained limited, especially in the field of tourism marketing. Yet, this concept might have an important role in promoting sustainable forms of tourism. This paper investigates the sociodemographic antecedents and consequences of psychological flow in the context of adventure tourism, which is a sustainable form of tourism due to its connection with nature and the great potential for assuring extraordinary experiences to tourists by considering mountain biking experiences as a research setting. The empirical results reveal that age is a particularly important sociodemographic antecedent: Indeed, respondents at older ages were more likely to experience psychological flow. Furthermore, reaching this mental state, in turn, increased respondents’ likelihood to disseminate positive information about their experiences and enhanced their satisfaction with life. Theoretical and operational implications are discussed along with main limitations and directions for future research.","PeriodicalId":37359,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73746135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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