This review addresses the question of a possible specificity of motor development of preterm children with no diagnosis of neurological impairment or major cerebral lesion. With that goal, we proceed with a narrative review on the basis of nine studies. All the studies used standardized assessments of motor abilities with a comparison methodology of preterm and full-term groups aged between 3 and 8 years. The review stresses three major findings in the preterm groups as compared with the full-term groups: (a) inferior fine motor abilities; (b) heterogeneity in motor skills; and (c) differences in efficiency of cognitive, perceptual, and mobilization of perceptual motor processes, which do not necessarily result in lower scores in global performances. These findings suggest the need of long-term medical follow-up for all preterm children whether or not they are at risk for neurodevelopmental disorder. Focusing attention on the use of sensory information for motor control in preterm children could also lead to more precise evaluations of motor abilities, which will then provide more detailed parameters for improved learning and rehabilitation programs.
{"title":"What Do We Know About Motor Development of Preterm Children Without Major Neurological Damage and Disorder? A Narrative Review","authors":"Charline Madelaine, N. Benguigui, Michèle Molina","doi":"10.1123/jmld.2020-0059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2020-0059","url":null,"abstract":"This review addresses the question of a possible specificity of motor development of preterm children with no diagnosis of neurological impairment or major cerebral lesion. With that goal, we proceed with a narrative review on the basis of nine studies. All the studies used standardized assessments of motor abilities with a comparison methodology of preterm and full-term groups aged between 3 and 8 years. The review stresses three major findings in the preterm groups as compared with the full-term groups: (a) inferior fine motor abilities; (b) heterogeneity in motor skills; and (c) differences in efficiency of cognitive, perceptual, and mobilization of perceptual motor processes, which do not necessarily result in lower scores in global performances. These findings suggest the need of long-term medical follow-up for all preterm children whether or not they are at risk for neurodevelopmental disorder. Focusing attention on the use of sensory information for motor control in preterm children could also lead to more precise evaluations of motor abilities, which will then provide more detailed parameters for improved learning and rehabilitation programs.","PeriodicalId":37368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Learning and Development","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81499913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study was to examine the distance of varying focus of attention for experienced and novice golfers on a golf putting task. Forty-eight experienced and 48 novice golfers were randomized into four attentional focus conditions: control (no instruction), internal (i.e., focus on the arm movement), external proximal (i.e., focus on the golf club), and external distal (i.e., focus on the target) conditions. Performance outcomes (the perceived level of confidence and number of golf putts made) were recorded. Experienced golfers had better performance outcomes than novice golfers. The external proximal focus was specifically beneficial for novice golfers, while experienced golfers had an advantage in both external focus instructions. The external proximal focus might enable a perception-action process for novice golfers to compare the relationship between action planning and the surrounding environment. In addition, the transition to expertise might result in no difference between both external focus instructions for experienced golfers.
{"title":"The Effects of Attentional Focus and Skill Level on the Performance of Golf Putting","authors":"C. Chen, Y. Ryuh, Tony Luczak, J. Lamberth","doi":"10.1123/jmld.2020-0072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2020-0072","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to examine the distance of varying focus of attention for experienced and novice golfers on a golf putting task. Forty-eight experienced and 48 novice golfers were randomized into four attentional focus conditions: control (no instruction), internal (i.e., focus on the arm movement), external proximal (i.e., focus on the golf club), and external distal (i.e., focus on the target) conditions. Performance outcomes (the perceived level of confidence and number of golf putts made) were recorded. Experienced golfers had better performance outcomes than novice golfers. The external proximal focus was specifically beneficial for novice golfers, while experienced golfers had an advantage in both external focus instructions. The external proximal focus might enable a perception-action process for novice golfers to compare the relationship between action planning and the surrounding environment. In addition, the transition to expertise might result in no difference between both external focus instructions for experienced golfers.","PeriodicalId":37368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Learning and Development","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74288417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lauren Q. Higgins, J. Labban, Ruth D. Stout, Jeffrey T. Fairbrother, Christopher K. Rhea, L. Raisbeck
Adults (N = 54, 80.78 ± 6.08 years) who reported falling during the previous 12 months participated in a 12-week wobble board training program with internal focus or external focus (EF) instructions. Verbal manipulation checks were performed after training sessions as a self-report of the attentional foci used. The percentage of sessions in which participants reported using an EF (EFSR) was subsequently calculated. Mean velocity and mean power frequency in the anterior–posterior (MVELOAP and MPFAP) and medial–lateral (MVELOML and MPFML) direction were assessed during a 35-s wobble board task at Weeks 0, 6, 12, 13, 16, and 20, with the latter three as retention tests. Piecewise linear growth models estimated treatment effects on individual growth trajectories of MVELOAP and ML and MPFAP and ML during intervention and retention periods. Regardless of condition, MVELOML significantly decreased (π = −.0019, p = .005) and MPFML increased (π = .025, p < .02) during the intervention period. In analyses including interaction terms, participants in the EF group who reported greater EFSR had superior progression of MPFAP during the intervention (π = .0013, p = .025). Verbal manipulation checks suggest a preference for and advantage of EF for facilitating postural control performance and automaticity.
在过去12个月内报告跌倒的成年人(N = 54, 80.78±6.08岁)参加了为期12周的内焦或外焦(EF)指导的摆动板训练计划。训练结束后进行语言操作检查，作为使用的注意力焦点的自我报告。随后计算参与者使用EF (EFSR)报告的会话百分比。在第0、6、12、13、16和20周的摇晃板任务中，评估35秒的前后(MVELOAP和MPFAP)和中外侧(MVELOML和MPFML)方向的平均速度和平均功率频率，后3周作为保持测试。分段线性生长模型估计了在干预和保留期间，治疗对MVELOAP和ML、MPFAP和ML个体生长轨迹的影响。无论条件如何，MVELOML均显著降低(π =−)。0019, p = .005)， MPFML增高(π = .005)。025, p < .02)。在包括相互作用项的分析中，EF组中报告较高EFSR的参与者在干预期间MPFAP的进展更优越(π =。0013, p = .025)。语言操作检查表明EF在促进姿势控制性能和自动化方面具有优势。
{"title":"Postural Control in Older Adults During and Following a 12-Week Balance Training Intervention With Attentional Focus Instructions","authors":"Lauren Q. Higgins, J. Labban, Ruth D. Stout, Jeffrey T. Fairbrother, Christopher K. Rhea, L. Raisbeck","doi":"10.1123/jmld.2021-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2021-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Adults (N = 54, 80.78 ± 6.08 years) who reported falling during the previous 12 months participated in a 12-week wobble board training program with internal focus or external focus (EF) instructions. Verbal manipulation checks were performed after training sessions as a self-report of the attentional foci used. The percentage of sessions in which participants reported using an EF (EFSR) was subsequently calculated. Mean velocity and mean power frequency in the anterior–posterior (MVELOAP and MPFAP) and medial–lateral (MVELOML and MPFML) direction were assessed during a 35-s wobble board task at Weeks 0, 6, 12, 13, 16, and 20, with the latter three as retention tests. Piecewise linear growth models estimated treatment effects on individual growth trajectories of MVELOAP and ML and MPFAP and ML during intervention and retention periods. Regardless of condition, MVELOML significantly decreased (π = −.0019, p = .005) and MPFML increased (π = .025, p < .02) during the intervention period. In analyses including interaction terms, participants in the EF group who reported greater EFSR had superior progression of MPFAP during the intervention (π = .0013, p = .025). Verbal manipulation checks suggest a preference for and advantage of EF for facilitating postural control performance and automaticity.","PeriodicalId":37368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Learning and Development","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83334840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study was to compare two methodologies employed by the British Cycling talent identification program. Specifically, the authors investigated cyclists selected to represent GB cycling team at the London 2012 Olympics using (a) a traditional talent identification methodology (British Cycling Olympic Development Program), where selection is based upon race results and (b) a detection talent identification methodology (U.K. Sport Talent Team Program), which is a multi-Olympic event initiative that identifies athletic potential from physical and skill-based tests. To facilitate this comparison, the authors calculated the speed with which expertise was acquired. A Mann–Whitney U test (U = 16.0, p = .031) indicated that the speed of acquiring expertise was quicker in detection talent identification (Mdn = 5.4) than traditional talent identification (Mdn = 7.2). Practice started later with detection talent identification than with traditional talent identification (14.12 years vs. 11.23 years, respectively), which affected the period to excellence. Thus, detection talent identification resulted in an absence of early specialization, which suggests a critical period for attaining cycling expertise. The authors hypothesize a genetic basis of talent and propose that critical periods are important in detection talent identification programs.
{"title":"Early Specialization and Critical Periods in Acquiring Expertise: A Comparison of Traditional Versus Detection Talent Identification in Team GB Cycling at London 2012","authors":"Toby Staff, F. Gobet, A. Parton","doi":"10.1123/jmld.2020-0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2020-0039","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to compare two methodologies employed by the British Cycling talent identification program. Specifically, the authors investigated cyclists selected to represent GB cycling team at the London 2012 Olympics using (a) a traditional talent identification methodology (British Cycling Olympic Development Program), where selection is based upon race results and (b) a detection talent identification methodology (U.K. Sport Talent Team Program), which is a multi-Olympic event initiative that identifies athletic potential from physical and skill-based tests. To facilitate this comparison, the authors calculated the speed with which expertise was acquired. A Mann–Whitney U test (U = 16.0, p = .031) indicated that the speed of acquiring expertise was quicker in detection talent identification (Mdn = 5.4) than traditional talent identification (Mdn = 7.2). Practice started later with detection talent identification than with traditional talent identification (14.12 years vs. 11.23 years, respectively), which affected the period to excellence. Thus, detection talent identification resulted in an absence of early specialization, which suggests a critical period for attaining cycling expertise. The authors hypothesize a genetic basis of talent and propose that critical periods are important in detection talent identification programs.","PeriodicalId":37368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Learning and Development","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83279561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
aaa As the incoming Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Motor Learning and Development (JMLD), I take the helm of a thriving journal entering a new era as it approaches its 10th year. I would like to take this opportunity to acknowledge the excellent leadership of Daniella Corbetta as the Journal’s second Editor-in-Chief. I also would like to point out that recent strong journal performance presents several promising opportunities as JMLD approaches the start of a second decade. This second issue of the ninth volume marks the completion of Daniela Corbetta’s 6-year tenure as Editor-in-Chief. Her commitment, dedication, and effective leadership of the Editorial Board has translated into several noteworthy achievements, including an increase in annual citations and journal h-index. Importantly, under Daniela’s leadership, JMLD has established a sustainable publication rate with three-issue volumes since 2018. In March, the Editorial Office received notice that the Journal will be indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection as part of the Emerging Sources Citation Index. It is anticipated that the Journal’s content will be available in the Web of Science by the Fall of this year. This is a momentous step forward for the Journal to increase its exposure, attract high-quality submissions, and establish journal prestige through eventual receipt of an impact factor. It is important to recognize that this achievement is the result of a collective scholarly community effort and collaboration from: Daniela, the JMLDEditorial Board, our support staff at Human Kinetics, the peer reviewers who generously provide their time and expertise, and most importantly, our colleagues who have published their ideas, theorical advances, and empirical evidence within the Journal. As one of the official journals of the North American Society for Psychology of Sport and Physical Activity (NASPSPA), JMLD is an extension of the Society’s mission to develop, advance, disseminate, and improve the quality of research in motor learning and development. Advancing the partnership between the Journal and the Society presents a mutually beneficial opportunity. NASPSPA members
作为《运动学习与发展杂志》(JMLD)即将上任的总编辑，我将掌舵一本蓬勃发展的杂志，在它即将迎来第10个年头之际进入一个新时代。我想借此机会感谢Daniella Corbetta作为《华尔街日报》第二任总编的出色领导。我还想指出，随着JMLD接近第二个十年的开始，最近强劲的期刊表现提供了几个有希望的机会。第九卷的第二期标志着达妮埃拉·科贝塔(Daniela Corbetta)担任主编的6年任期的完成。她的承诺、奉献和编辑委员会的有效领导已经转化为几项值得注意的成就，包括年度引用和期刊h指数的增加。重要的是，在Daniela的领导下，自2018年以来，JMLD已经建立了可持续的出版率，发行了三期。今年3月，编辑部收到通知，该期刊将作为新兴资源引文索引的一部分被纳入Web of Science核心馆藏。预计该期刊的内容将于今年秋天在科学网(Web of Science)上提供。这是《华尔街日报》提高曝光率、吸引高质量投稿、通过最终获得影响因子建立期刊声望的重要一步。重要的是要认识到这一成就是集体学术团体努力和合作的结果:Daniela, jml编辑委员会，我们在Human Kinetics的支持人员，慷慨提供时间和专业知识的同行评审，最重要的是，我们的同事发表了他们的想法，理论进展和经验证据在杂志上。作为北美运动与体育活动心理学学会(NASPSPA)的官方期刊之一，JMLD是该学会使命的延伸，旨在发展，推进，传播和提高运动学习和发展的研究质量。推进期刊与学会之间的伙伴关系提供了一个互利的机会。NASPSPA成员
{"title":"Advancing Motor Learning and Development Research: A New Era for Our Journal","authors":"M. Immink","doi":"10.1123/jmld.2021-0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2021-0027","url":null,"abstract":"aaa As the incoming Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Motor Learning and Development (JMLD), I take the helm of a thriving journal entering a new era as it approaches its 10th year. I would like to take this opportunity to acknowledge the excellent leadership of Daniella Corbetta as the Journal’s second Editor-in-Chief. I also would like to point out that recent strong journal performance presents several promising opportunities as JMLD approaches the start of a second decade. This second issue of the ninth volume marks the completion of Daniela Corbetta’s 6-year tenure as Editor-in-Chief. Her commitment, dedication, and effective leadership of the Editorial Board has translated into several noteworthy achievements, including an increase in annual citations and journal h-index. Importantly, under Daniela’s leadership, JMLD has established a sustainable publication rate with three-issue volumes since 2018. In March, the Editorial Office received notice that the Journal will be indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection as part of the Emerging Sources Citation Index. It is anticipated that the Journal’s content will be available in the Web of Science by the Fall of this year. This is a momentous step forward for the Journal to increase its exposure, attract high-quality submissions, and establish journal prestige through eventual receipt of an impact factor. It is important to recognize that this achievement is the result of a collective scholarly community effort and collaboration from: Daniela, the JMLDEditorial Board, our support staff at Human Kinetics, the peer reviewers who generously provide their time and expertise, and most importantly, our colleagues who have published their ideas, theorical advances, and empirical evidence within the Journal. As one of the official journals of the North American Society for Psychology of Sport and Physical Activity (NASPSPA), JMLD is an extension of the Society’s mission to develop, advance, disseminate, and improve the quality of research in motor learning and development. Advancing the partnership between the Journal and the Society presents a mutually beneficial opportunity. NASPSPA members","PeriodicalId":37368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Learning and Development","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91271794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ben William Strafford, K. Davids, J. North, J. Stone
Contemporary learning and development models have identified parkour-style training as a vehicle for athlete enrichment. However, perceptions of team-sport coaches and their receptiveness to such models of athlete enrichment have not been investigated and remain unclear. To explore how parkour-style training could be integrated into athlete development programs in team sports, we interviewed sport practitioners to explore their preexisting knowledge of parkour and their perceptions on its potential applications. Experienced talent development (n = 10) and strength and conditioning coaches (n = 10) were interviewed using an open-ended, semistructured approach with a two-stage thematic analysis being conducted to identify themes. Three dimensions were identified: coaches’ general perceptions of parkour, potential applications of parkour, and feasibility of integrating parkour into athlete development programs. Participant perceptions revealed that: (a) parkour activities were viewed as supplementary activities to enrich sport-specific training routines, including use of obstacle courses and/or tag elements; (b) parkour-style obstacle environments needed to be scalable to allow individual athletes and coaches to manipulate object orientation and tasks using soft play and traditional gym equipment; and (c) the implementation of continued professional development opportunities, athlete-centered approaches to learning designs in sport, and coach–parent forums were recommended to support the integration of parkour-style training.
{"title":"Exploring Coach Perceptions of Parkour-Style Training for Athlete Learning and Development in Team Sports","authors":"Ben William Strafford, K. Davids, J. North, J. Stone","doi":"10.1123/jmld.2021-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2021-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Contemporary learning and development models have identified parkour-style training as a vehicle for athlete enrichment. However, perceptions of team-sport coaches and their receptiveness to such models of athlete enrichment have not been investigated and remain unclear. To explore how parkour-style training could be integrated into athlete development programs in team sports, we interviewed sport practitioners to explore their preexisting knowledge of parkour and their perceptions on its potential applications. Experienced talent development (n = 10) and strength and conditioning coaches (n = 10) were interviewed using an open-ended, semistructured approach with a two-stage thematic analysis being conducted to identify themes. Three dimensions were identified: coaches’ general perceptions of parkour, potential applications of parkour, and feasibility of integrating parkour into athlete development programs. Participant perceptions revealed that: (a) parkour activities were viewed as supplementary activities to enrich sport-specific training routines, including use of obstacle courses and/or tag elements; (b) parkour-style obstacle environments needed to be scalable to allow individual athletes and coaches to manipulate object orientation and tasks using soft play and traditional gym equipment; and (c) the implementation of continued professional development opportunities, athlete-centered approaches to learning designs in sport, and coach–parent forums were recommended to support the integration of parkour-style training.","PeriodicalId":37368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Learning and Development","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74245198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Duncan, Darren L. Richardson, Rhys O Morris, Emma L. J. Eyre, N. Clarke
The present study examined the test–retest reliability of the Ghent University dribbling test and short dribble test in a pediatric population. Fifty-four boys aged 9–14 years (mean ± SD = 11 ± 2 years) undertook the Ghent University and dribbling tests on two occasions separated by 2 weeks. Intraclass correlation coefficients, coefficient of variation, and 95% limits of agreement were conducted for each test. Intraclass correlation coefficients and coefficient of variation indicated good to excellent reliability, and relatively small variability for both dribbling tests. The 95% limits of agreement indicated relatively little bias Ghent University dribbling test for both running alone and running with the ball components, and the Bangsbo and Mohr short dribble test. The results of the present study suggest both dribbling tests examined in the present study demonstrate good reliability and low levels of systematic bias.
{"title":"Test–Retest Reliability of Soccer Dribbling Tests in Children","authors":"M. Duncan, Darren L. Richardson, Rhys O Morris, Emma L. J. Eyre, N. Clarke","doi":"10.1123/jmld.2021-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2021-0003","url":null,"abstract":"The present study examined the test–retest reliability of the Ghent University dribbling test and short dribble test in a pediatric population. Fifty-four boys aged 9–14 years (mean ± SD = 11 ± 2 years) undertook the Ghent University and dribbling tests on two occasions separated by 2 weeks. Intraclass correlation coefficients, coefficient of variation, and 95% limits of agreement were conducted for each test. Intraclass correlation coefficients and coefficient of variation indicated good to excellent reliability, and relatively small variability for both dribbling tests. The 95% limits of agreement indicated relatively little bias Ghent University dribbling test for both running alone and running with the ball components, and the Bangsbo and Mohr short dribble test. The results of the present study suggest both dribbling tests examined in the present study demonstrate good reliability and low levels of systematic bias.","PeriodicalId":37368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Learning and Development","volume":"169 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80602366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pamela Haibach-Beach, Melanie Perreault, Lauren Lieberman, Alexandra Stribing
Children with CHARGE syndrome, an extremely complex, highly variable genetic disorder, are significantly delayed in the onset of their motor milestones in comparison with children without disabilities due to sensory and motor deficits as well as lengthy hospitalizations and reduced physical activity. Currently, the role of parents’ perceptions and participation in the motor development of their child with CHARGE is unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between parents’ perceptions and their child’s motor competence, comparing parents of children with and without CHARGE syndrome. Participants included 33 children with CHARGE and 38 children without disabilities. Parents completed the Child’s Movement Skills Research parent survey and children were assessed on their gross motor skills. Parental ratings of locomotor ability and time spent participating with their child predicted the locomotor, ball skill, and total motor skill scores in the CHARGE group. Control group parents’ rating of ball scores predicted ball skill and total skill scores. The results indicate that parents may play an important role in their child with CHARGE syndrome’s motor development. Parents who are more involved with their child’s movement activities can positively influence their motor competence.
{"title":"Associations Between Parent Perspectives and Motor Competence in Children With CHARGE Syndrome","authors":"Pamela Haibach-Beach, Melanie Perreault, Lauren Lieberman, Alexandra Stribing","doi":"10.1123/jmld.2020-0057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2020-0057","url":null,"abstract":"Children with CHARGE syndrome, an extremely complex, highly variable genetic disorder, are significantly delayed in the onset of their motor milestones in comparison with children without disabilities due to sensory and motor deficits as well as lengthy hospitalizations and reduced physical activity. Currently, the role of parents’ perceptions and participation in the motor development of their child with CHARGE is unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between parents’ perceptions and their child’s motor competence, comparing parents of children with and without CHARGE syndrome. Participants included 33 children with CHARGE and 38 children without disabilities. Parents completed the Child’s Movement Skills Research parent survey and children were assessed on their gross motor skills. Parental ratings of locomotor ability and time spent participating with their child predicted the locomotor, ball skill, and total motor skill scores in the CHARGE group. Control group parents’ rating of ball scores predicted ball skill and total skill scores. The results indicate that parents may play an important role in their child with CHARGE syndrome’s motor development. Parents who are more involved with their child’s movement activities can positively influence their motor competence.","PeriodicalId":37368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Learning and Development","volume":"4 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87677324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mana Ogawa, Chiaki Ohtaka, Motoko Fujiwara, H. Nakata
The authors investigated the kinematic characteristics of the standing long jump in preschool children. Sixty 4-year-old children (boys: 30 and girls: 30) and sixty 5-year-old children (boys: 30 and girls: 30) participated in the present study. The authors focused on three differences in kinematics: between 4- and 5-year-old children, between boys and girls, and between high and low jumping performance groups at the same age. The kinematic data included the maximum flexions of the knee and hip before takeoff, at takeoff, and on landing; angular displacement of the upper body; takeoff speeds in horizontal and vertical directions; and takeoff angle of the greater trochanter. Anthropometric variables and kinematic data were separately analyzed with factors of age, sex, and group. The authors also performed multiple regression analysis to identify predictors of the jump distance. The movement speed of the greater trochanter in a horizontal direction, the maximum flexion angle of the hip before takeoff, and the hip angle on landing were identified as significant predictors of the jump distance among young children. These findings suggest that knowing how to use the hip and awareness of the horizontal direction are key factors to improve the long jump distance in young children.
{"title":"Kinematic Characteristics of the Standing Long Jump in Young Children Aged 4–5 Years","authors":"Mana Ogawa, Chiaki Ohtaka, Motoko Fujiwara, H. Nakata","doi":"10.1123/JMLD.2020-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/JMLD.2020-0026","url":null,"abstract":"The authors investigated the kinematic characteristics of the standing long jump in preschool children. Sixty 4-year-old children (boys: 30 and girls: 30) and sixty 5-year-old children (boys: 30 and girls: 30) participated in the present study. The authors focused on three differences in kinematics: between 4- and 5-year-old children, between boys and girls, and between high and low jumping performance groups at the same age. The kinematic data included the maximum flexions of the knee and hip before takeoff, at takeoff, and on landing; angular displacement of the upper body; takeoff speeds in horizontal and vertical directions; and takeoff angle of the greater trochanter. Anthropometric variables and kinematic data were separately analyzed with factors of age, sex, and group. The authors also performed multiple regression analysis to identify predictors of the jump distance. The movement speed of the greater trochanter in a horizontal direction, the maximum flexion angle of the hip before takeoff, and the hip angle on landing were identified as significant predictors of the jump distance among young children. These findings suggest that knowing how to use the hip and awareness of the horizontal direction are key factors to improve the long jump distance in young children.","PeriodicalId":37368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Learning and Development","volume":"125 1","pages":"80-94"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77052054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The adoption of compensatory movement patterns occurs when limitations in mobility, stability, or motor control prevent proper motion from occurring. These dysfunctional movements may inhibit fundamental motor skill development and negatively influence perceived movement competence, impeding the development of physical literacy. Therefore, this study examined the relationship between functional movement and perceived and actual motor skill competence in young adolescents. Functional movement proficiency was determined using the Functional Movement Screen (FMS™), which provides three variables of interest: (a) FMS™ total score, (b) number of asymmetries, and (c) number of movement pattern dysfunctions. Perceived physical competence was assessed through the Children and Youth Physical Self-Perception Profile. Finally, the Get Skilled: Get Active process-oriented motor skill assessment was used to evaluate vertical jump, kick, run, and overhand throw proficiency. A significant positive correlation between FMS™ total score and vertical jump performance was found. A positive relationship was also found between the number of asymmetries and overhand throw performance. The Children and Youth Physical Self-Perception Profile constructs of body attractiveness and physical condition were positively associated with FMS™ total score, and physical condition was also shown to be inversely related to the number of movement pattern dysfunctions. Results suggest that functional movement may underpin movement competence and confidence.
{"title":"Functional Movement Proficiency’s Association to Actual and Perceived Motor Competence","authors":"C. Coker, Brittney Herrick","doi":"10.1123/jmld.2020-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2020-0002","url":null,"abstract":"The adoption of compensatory movement patterns occurs when limitations in mobility, stability, or motor control prevent proper motion from occurring. These dysfunctional movements may inhibit fundamental motor skill development and negatively influence perceived movement competence, impeding the development of physical literacy. Therefore, this study examined the relationship between functional movement and perceived and actual motor skill competence in young adolescents. Functional movement proficiency was determined using the Functional Movement Screen (FMS™), which provides three variables of interest: (a) FMS™ total score, (b) number of asymmetries, and (c) number of movement pattern dysfunctions. Perceived physical competence was assessed through the Children and Youth Physical Self-Perception Profile. Finally, the Get Skilled: Get Active process-oriented motor skill assessment was used to evaluate vertical jump, kick, run, and overhand throw proficiency. A significant positive correlation between FMS™ total score and vertical jump performance was found. A positive relationship was also found between the number of asymmetries and overhand throw performance. The Children and Youth Physical Self-Perception Profile constructs of body attractiveness and physical condition were positively associated with FMS™ total score, and physical condition was also shown to be inversely related to the number of movement pattern dysfunctions. Results suggest that functional movement may underpin movement competence and confidence.","PeriodicalId":37368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Learning and Development","volume":"16 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84440257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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