The study used morphological and genetic approach for the DNA barcoding analysis of the inter- and intra-species relationships among catadromous Philippine freshwater eels. Past DNA barcoding studies on Philippine anguillid eels came from Northern Luzon. This study aimed to determine the DNA barcodes of the freshwater eels of the Philippines using the cytochrome c oxidase 1 (CO1) gene of the mitochondrial DNA. Specimens were collected from six sites in the Philippines. Four Anguilla species – Anguilla bicolor pacifica Schmidt, 1928, A. celebesensis Kaup, 1856, A. interioris Whitney, 1938 and A. marmorata Quoy & Gaimard, 1824 and one Monopterus species– Monopterus javanensis Lacepéde, 1800 were collected and identified. Morphological features varied from the taxonomic guides for Anguilla celebesensis and A. interioris with their body color and fin length. Genetic divergence estimates using Kimura 2-parameter substitution model showed an intraspecific variation of 0–0.4% and interspecific variation of 4.1– 27.6%. The ML tree generated was similar to the previous studies and indicated the monophyly of the Indo–Pacific freshwater anguillid eel lineage. This study also reports the first genetic record of M. javanensis sampled from Batac, Ilocos Norte, Philippines.
{"title":"DNA barcoding of Philippine freshwater eels of families Anguillidae and Synbranchidae","authors":"","doi":"10.26757/pjsb2021a15011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26757/pjsb2021a15011","url":null,"abstract":"The study used morphological and genetic approach for the DNA barcoding analysis of the inter- and intra-species relationships among catadromous Philippine freshwater eels. Past DNA barcoding studies on Philippine anguillid eels came from Northern Luzon. This study aimed to determine the DNA barcodes of the freshwater eels of the Philippines using the cytochrome c oxidase 1 (CO1) gene of the mitochondrial DNA. Specimens were collected from six sites in the Philippines. Four Anguilla species – Anguilla bicolor pacifica Schmidt, 1928, A. celebesensis Kaup, 1856, A. interioris Whitney, 1938 and A. marmorata Quoy & Gaimard, 1824 and one Monopterus species– Monopterus javanensis Lacepéde, 1800 were collected and identified. Morphological features varied from the taxonomic guides for Anguilla celebesensis and A. interioris with their body color and fin length. Genetic divergence estimates using Kimura 2-parameter substitution model showed an intraspecific variation of 0–0.4% and interspecific variation of 4.1– 27.6%. The ML tree generated was similar to the previous studies and indicated the monophyly of the Indo–Pacific freshwater anguillid eel lineage. This study also reports the first genetic record of M. javanensis sampled from Batac, Ilocos Norte, Philippines.","PeriodicalId":37378,"journal":{"name":"Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43060820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Cleopatra’s Needle Mountain Range (CNMR) in northern Palawan includes one of the largest remaining patches of primary forest in the Philippines and has a high conservation value. To provide scientific baseline information to recognize the CNMR as a protected area, biologists mapped its biodiversity during fieldwork conducted from October to December 2014. The present study proposes a new species of Odonata discovered during the survey. Onychothemis yvonneae spec. nov. is described, illustrated, and compared with its nearest allies. The new species is the second member of the genus Onychothemis in the Philippines and is the seventh known overall. Onychothemis yvonneae appears to be most closely related to O. testacea and O. tonkinensis.
{"title":"Onychothemis yvonneae spec. nov. (Odonata: Libellulidae), a new dragonfly from a lowland riverine forest in northern Palawan, Philippines","authors":"","doi":"10.26757/pjsb2021a15002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26757/pjsb2021a15002","url":null,"abstract":"The Cleopatra’s Needle Mountain Range (CNMR) in northern Palawan includes one of the largest remaining patches of primary forest in the Philippines and has a high conservation value. To provide scientific baseline information to recognize the CNMR as a protected area, biologists mapped its biodiversity during fieldwork conducted from October to December 2014. The present study proposes a new species of Odonata discovered during the survey. Onychothemis yvonneae spec. nov. is described, illustrated, and compared with its nearest allies. The new species is the second member of the genus Onychothemis in the Philippines and is the seventh known overall. Onychothemis yvonneae appears to be most closely related to O. testacea and O. tonkinensis.","PeriodicalId":37378,"journal":{"name":"Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41640446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The water beetle fauna of northern Negros Island has not been comprehensively studied. In this study, aquatic Coleoptera of northern Negros have been compiled from various collections. Specimens were sampled through manual sampling and light trap. Twenty-six (26) species were recorded including 21 which are Philippine endemics. Nine genera and three known species are recorded for the first time from Negros.. Notes on distribution, ecology and identification are provided. Possible new species, future potential discoveries as well as current significance in terms of conservation are discussed.
{"title":"Aquatic Coleoptera of northern Negros, Philippines","authors":"","doi":"10.26757/pjsb2021a15012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26757/pjsb2021a15012","url":null,"abstract":"The water beetle fauna of northern Negros Island has not been comprehensively studied. In this study, aquatic Coleoptera of northern Negros have been compiled from various collections. Specimens were sampled through manual sampling and light trap. Twenty-six (26) species were recorded including 21 which are Philippine endemics. Nine genera and three known species are recorded for the first time from Negros.. Notes on distribution, ecology and identification are provided. Possible new species, future potential discoveries as well as current significance in terms of conservation are discussed.","PeriodicalId":37378,"journal":{"name":"Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45059823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature interest groups such as the Philippine Lepidoptera Butterflies and Moths, Inc. (PhiLep) aim to monitor and document butterflies and moths in various landscapes across the country using citizen science. This report compiled new island records for the four species of the genus Chilades known in the Philippines, namely Chilades putli gnoma with new records from General Santos City (Mindanao) and Bohol Island, Chilades lajus athena from Zamboanguita, Negros Oriental and Banton Island, Romblon (Visayas) and the Batanes Islands, Chilades mindora from Bohol Island, and Chilades pandava vapanda with new records from Barobo, Surigao del Sur (Mindanao), and Bago, Negros Occidental.
自然兴趣团体，如菲律宾鳞翅目蝴蝶和蛾，股份有限公司（PhiLep），旨在利用公民科学监测和记录全国各地不同景观中的蝴蝶和蛾。本报告汇编了菲律宾已知的四种Chilades属的新岛屿记录，即Chilades putli gnoma，来自桑托斯将军城（棉兰老岛）和博荷岛的新记录，来自三宝颜岛的Chilades lajus athena，来自内格罗斯东方岛和班顿岛的，Romblon（Visayas）和巴丹群岛的，和Chilades pandava vapanda，有来自棉兰老岛Surigao del Sur的Barobo和西方黑人Bago的新记录。
{"title":"New locality records of Jewel Blue butterflies (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) in the Philippines","authors":"","doi":"10.26757/pjsb2021a15008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26757/pjsb2021a15008","url":null,"abstract":"Nature interest groups such as the Philippine Lepidoptera Butterflies and Moths, Inc. (PhiLep) aim to monitor and document butterflies and moths in various landscapes across the country using citizen science. This report compiled new island records for the four species of the genus Chilades known in the Philippines, namely Chilades putli gnoma with new records from General Santos City (Mindanao) and Bohol Island, Chilades lajus athena from Zamboanguita, Negros Oriental and Banton Island, Romblon (Visayas) and the Batanes Islands, Chilades mindora from Bohol Island, and Chilades pandava vapanda with new records from Barobo, Surigao del Sur (Mindanao), and Bago, Negros Occidental.","PeriodicalId":37378,"journal":{"name":"Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44531335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Detailed biological information (e.g. distribution, size, sex) on ocean sunfishes/molids (Molidae) in Philippine waters is lacking. Four species of ocean sunfishes from Philippine waters are known to date: Mola mola (Linnaeus, 1758), Mola alexandrini (Ranzani, 1839), Masturus lanceolatus (Liénard, 1840), and Ranzania laevis (Pennant, 1776). However, in recent years, the taxonomy of Molidae (especially the genus Mola) has progressed at the global level, and it becomes necessary to review species that occur in Philippine waters. In this study, photographs of Molidae from Philippine waters were collected and morphological research involving museum specimens was conducted. The results of species re-identification based on the photographs of 12 specimens of Molidae obtained in this study were as follows: a specimen of M. alexandrini, five specimens of M. mola, and six specimens of Ma. lanceolatus. Although a specimen identified as M. alexandrini in a previous study was here re-identified as M. mola, the occurrence of M. alexandrini in Philippine waters was nevertheless confirmed in this study on the basis of another specimen. Mola alexandrini and Ma. lanceolatus were confused with M. mola locally, suggesting the importance of preserving real specimens, photographs and genetic samples.
{"title":"Species re-identification based on photographs of Ocean sunfishes (Family Molidae) from Philippine waters, including reconfirmation of Mola alexandrini","authors":"","doi":"10.26757/pjsb2021a15004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26757/pjsb2021a15004","url":null,"abstract":"Detailed biological information (e.g. distribution, size, sex) on ocean sunfishes/molids (Molidae) in Philippine waters is lacking. Four species of ocean sunfishes from Philippine waters are known to date: Mola mola (Linnaeus, 1758), Mola alexandrini (Ranzani, 1839), Masturus lanceolatus (Liénard, 1840), and Ranzania laevis (Pennant, 1776). However, in recent years, the taxonomy of Molidae (especially the genus Mola) has progressed at the global level, and it becomes necessary to review species that occur in Philippine waters. In this study, photographs of Molidae from Philippine waters were collected and morphological research involving museum specimens was conducted. The results of species re-identification based on the photographs of 12 specimens of Molidae obtained in this study were as follows: a specimen of M. alexandrini, five specimens of M. mola, and six specimens of Ma. lanceolatus. Although a specimen identified as M. alexandrini in a previous study was here re-identified as M. mola, the occurrence of M. alexandrini in Philippine waters was nevertheless confirmed in this study on the basis of another specimen. Mola alexandrini and Ma. lanceolatus were confused with M. mola locally, suggesting the importance of preserving real specimens, photographs and genetic samples.","PeriodicalId":37378,"journal":{"name":"Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47379627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nick Flores, J. T. Rey, Jeffrey Williams, K. Carpenter, Mudjekeewis D. Santos
The Philippines has been regarded as the center of the center of marine shorefish biodiversity, having the highest number of fish species per square area in the world. The blacknape large-eye bream, Gymnocranius satoi, has been reported to occur from Southern Japan, Taiwan to Northwestern Australia and to the Coral Sea, but has not previously been recorded from the Philippines. From 2011 – 2019, the National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (NFRDI) collaborated with the National Museum of Natural History of the Smithsonian Institution (NMNH/SI), USA, and the Old Dominion University (ODU), Virgina, USA, to inventory all commercial fish species sold in fish markets around the Philippines. During three (3) fish market surveys (Dumaguete City Market, Negros Oriental; Claveria Public Market, Cagayan, Northern Luzon; and Tabaco City Market, Albay, Southeastern Luzon in 2013, 2016 and 2017, respectively), we collected and eventually identified using morphological and DNA barcoding (COI) analysis, seven (7) specimens of G. satoi, representing the first records of this species from the country. Since the potential to discover new species and first records of fish species in the Philippines is high, further taxonomic study of the genus Gymnocranius is needed.
菲律宾一直被视为海洋滨鱼生物多样性中心的中心，每平方面积的鱼类数量是世界上最高的。据报道，黑腹大目腕鱼Gymnocranius satoi产于日本南部、台湾、澳大利亚西北部和珊瑚海，但此前菲律宾没有记录。2011年至2019年，国家渔业研究与发展研究所（NFRDI）与美国史密森学会国家自然历史博物馆（NMNH/SI）和美国弗吉尼亚州老多米尼克大学（ODU）合作，对菲律宾各地鱼类市场上出售的所有商业鱼类进行了盘点。在三（3）次鱼类市场调查期间（分别于2013年、2016年和2017年，Negros Oriental的Dumaguete City market；北吕宋Cagayan的Claveria Public market；以及东南吕宋Albay的Tabaco City market），我们收集了七（7）个G.satoi标本，并最终使用形态学和DNA条形码（COI）分析进行了鉴定，代表了该国该物种的首次记录。由于在菲律宾发现鱼类新物种和首次记录的可能性很高，因此需要对Gymnocranius属进行进一步的分类学研究。
{"title":"First record of blacknape large-eye bream Gymnocranius satoi (Perciformes: Lethrinidae) in the Philippines","authors":"Nick Flores, J. T. Rey, Jeffrey Williams, K. Carpenter, Mudjekeewis D. Santos","doi":"10.26757/pjsb2021a15007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26757/pjsb2021a15007","url":null,"abstract":"The Philippines has been regarded as the center of the center of marine shorefish biodiversity, having the highest number of fish species per square area in the world. The blacknape large-eye bream, Gymnocranius satoi, has been reported to occur from Southern Japan, Taiwan to Northwestern Australia and to the Coral Sea, but has not previously been recorded from the Philippines. From 2011 – 2019, the National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (NFRDI) collaborated with the National Museum of Natural History of the Smithsonian Institution (NMNH/SI), USA, and the Old Dominion University (ODU), Virgina, USA, to inventory all commercial fish species sold in fish markets around the Philippines. During three (3) fish market surveys (Dumaguete City Market, Negros Oriental; Claveria Public Market, Cagayan, Northern Luzon; and Tabaco City Market, Albay, Southeastern Luzon in 2013, 2016 and 2017, respectively), we collected and eventually identified using morphological and DNA barcoding (COI) analysis, seven (7) specimens of G. satoi, representing the first records of this species from the country. Since the potential to discover new species and first records of fish species in the Philippines is high, further taxonomic study of the genus Gymnocranius is needed.","PeriodicalId":37378,"journal":{"name":"Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49065817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A large forested section of northeastern Catanduanes comprised the Catanduanes Watershed Forest Reserve (CWFR) was surveyed for its macroscopic fungal diversity during the rainy season (September-December 2017). Transect line (TL) and quadrat methods were used, after which samples were collected, recorded, and photographed. A total of 66 morphospecies of fungi belonging to 42 genera and 28 families from among 1,331 individuals collected were identified. With 58 belonging to the Basidiomycota and eight to the Ascomycota. All species represent new island records for Catanduanes. Based on Simpson’s Diversity Index, the study area is deemed to host a low level of fungal diversity.
{"title":"Macroscopic fungal diversity in Northeastern Catanduanes, Philippines including some ecological notes","authors":"","doi":"10.26757/pjsb2021a15005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26757/pjsb2021a15005","url":null,"abstract":"A large forested section of northeastern Catanduanes comprised the Catanduanes Watershed Forest Reserve (CWFR) was surveyed for its macroscopic fungal diversity during the rainy season (September-December 2017). Transect line (TL) and quadrat methods were used, after which samples were collected, recorded, and photographed. A total of 66 morphospecies of fungi belonging to 42 genera and 28 families from among 1,331 individuals collected were identified. With 58 belonging to the Basidiomycota and eight to the Ascomycota. All species represent new island records for Catanduanes. Based on Simpson’s Diversity Index, the study area is deemed to host a low level of fungal diversity.","PeriodicalId":37378,"journal":{"name":"Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45692321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Scorodocarpus borneensis (Baill.) Becc., a tree that exudes garlic or onion smell, was discovered growing in a secondary lowland forest of Balabac Island in the Palawan Biogeographic Region. The tropical tree species also occurs in Borneo, the Malay Peninsula, and Sumatra. Our finding represents the first record of this monotypic genus from the Philippines. Here we provide information on the taxonomy, morphology, vernacular name, ecology, geographical distribution, conservation status, and local utilization of S. borneensis.
{"title":"A new Philippine record of the monotypic genus Scorodocarpus Beccari (Strombosiaceae) from Balabac Island, Palawan","authors":"","doi":"10.26757/pjsb2021a15006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26757/pjsb2021a15006","url":null,"abstract":"Scorodocarpus borneensis (Baill.) Becc., a tree that exudes garlic or onion smell, was discovered growing in a secondary lowland forest of Balabac Island in the Palawan Biogeographic Region. The tropical tree species also occurs in Borneo, the Malay Peninsula, and Sumatra. Our finding represents the first record of this monotypic genus from the Philippines. Here we provide information on the taxonomy, morphology, vernacular name, ecology, geographical distribution, conservation status, and local utilization of S. borneensis.","PeriodicalId":37378,"journal":{"name":"Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49637433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Philippines experiences an average of 20 typhoons annually and how they affect the unique biodiversity is still unknown. The data sampling of butterflies between typhoon and non-typhoon seasons in various habitats showed that typhoons may play an important role in butterfly diversity and community changes. The result also showed that land-use change still has a greater negative impact on butterfly diversity than typhoons. This study will pave way for more research on how typhoons affect the diversity, ecology, and population dynamics of various taxa in the Philippines.
{"title":"Typhoon in the Philippines may not negatively affect butterfly diversity, but land use changes does","authors":"","doi":"10.26757/pjsb2021a15003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26757/pjsb2021a15003","url":null,"abstract":"The Philippines experiences an average of 20 typhoons annually and how they affect the unique biodiversity is still unknown. The data sampling of butterflies between typhoon and non-typhoon seasons in various habitats showed that typhoons may play an important role in butterfly diversity and community changes. The result also showed that land-use change still has a greater negative impact on butterfly diversity than typhoons. This study will pave way for more research on how typhoons affect the diversity, ecology, and population dynamics of various taxa in the Philippines.","PeriodicalId":37378,"journal":{"name":"Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47054295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An earthworm survey was conducted to determine the species composition, diversity, and species richness in the grassland, agricultural areas, and secondary forest habitats of Rajah Sikatuna Protected Landscape (RSPL). Six indigenous morphospecies of earthworms were identified, which are putatively new species. These include one Amynthas species, three Polypheretima species, and two Pheretima species. Also, Pontoscolex corethrurus, an invasive species was found to be the most abundant species of earthworm in grassland and agricultural areas but not in the secondary forest. The diversity index showed a high level in the secondary forest with low species richness. Agricultural and grassland areas showed a low level of diversity. Land use and abiotic factors can be related to the composition of earthworm communities in different habitats. Further studies must be conducted for the conservation and sustainable management of its biodiversity and habitat.
{"title":"Earthworm diversity and populations in different habitats of Rajah Sikatuna Protected Landscape, Bohol, Philippines","authors":"","doi":"10.26757/pjsb2021a15001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26757/pjsb2021a15001","url":null,"abstract":"An earthworm survey was conducted to determine the species composition, diversity, and species richness in the grassland, agricultural areas, and secondary forest habitats of Rajah Sikatuna Protected Landscape (RSPL). Six indigenous morphospecies of earthworms were identified, which are putatively new species. These include one Amynthas species, three Polypheretima species, and two Pheretima species. Also, Pontoscolex corethrurus, an invasive species was found to be the most abundant species of earthworm in grassland and agricultural areas but not in the secondary forest. The diversity index showed a high level in the secondary forest with low species richness. Agricultural and grassland areas showed a low level of diversity. Land use and abiotic factors can be related to the composition of earthworm communities in different habitats. Further studies must be conducted for the conservation and sustainable management of its biodiversity and habitat.","PeriodicalId":37378,"journal":{"name":"Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44629195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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