Banana leaf litter as a microhabitat for cosmopolitan myxomycetes has never been studied in the Philippines. Since Southern Mindanao hosts a number of local banana plantations, ground leaf litters and pseudostems were randomly collected to set up moist chamber cultures that eventually yielded plasmodial or fruiting body records. Fructifications were observed from moist chambers containing the litters from the pseudostem. Five species are reported for this study namely, Arcyria cinerea, Didymium nigripes, Didymium squamulosum, Perichaena depressa, and Perichaena vermicularis. This record calls for comprehensive investigation of agricultural plantations in the country for possible substrate association of myxomycetes.
{"title":"Records of cosmopolitan myxomycetes occurring on banana litter from Southern Mindanao, Philippines","authors":"","doi":"10.26757/pjsb2019b13007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26757/pjsb2019b13007","url":null,"abstract":"Banana leaf litter as a microhabitat for cosmopolitan myxomycetes has never been studied in the Philippines. Since Southern Mindanao hosts a number of local banana plantations, ground leaf litters and pseudostems were randomly collected to set up moist chamber cultures that eventually yielded plasmodial or fruiting body records. Fructifications were observed from moist chambers containing the litters from the pseudostem. Five species are reported for this study namely, Arcyria cinerea, Didymium nigripes, Didymium squamulosum, Perichaena depressa, and Perichaena vermicularis. This record calls for comprehensive investigation of agricultural plantations in the country for possible substrate association of myxomycetes.","PeriodicalId":37378,"journal":{"name":"Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43785157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Labyrinthulids which are marine osmoheterotrophic, straminipilan protists under Labyrinthulomycetes, thrive in brackish waters and mangrove-rich areas. Despite their long history and widespread occurrence in marine and terrestrial environments, this group of organisms is less studied compared to their closely-related organisms such as thraustochytrids, and so far less is known about their optimum growth conditions in laboratory setups. Although the labyrinthulid group is important ecologically, our understanding of their true culturable diversity, isolation, and long-term viability remains poorly documented. Thus, three labyrinthulid strains (AK1, DV1, and DV2) were studied here for culture optimization, mode of growth and prolonged cell viability (at least 14 d) by using customized agar media. Optimal temperature (35°C) and pH conditions (pH 6.0-7.0) were best for their growth specifically on media with 6% glucose concentration and 60% salinity (parts per thousand). Broth medium with carabao grass extract was suitable in keeping the isolates viable for more than 14 d but their growth in extract-based media was not significantly different from those grown on base medium, Glucose-Yeast Extract-Peptone agar (GPYA). Although it is not well understood what defense mechanism this organism needs to provide them longer viability in the environment, this study gives insights on their preferred culturable conditions.
{"title":"Optimization of cultural conditions for Labyrinthula species isolated from mangrove leaves","authors":"","doi":"10.26757/pjsb2019b13010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26757/pjsb2019b13010","url":null,"abstract":"Labyrinthulids which are marine osmoheterotrophic, straminipilan protists under Labyrinthulomycetes, thrive in brackish waters and mangrove-rich areas. Despite their long history and widespread occurrence in marine and terrestrial environments, this group of organisms is less studied compared to their closely-related organisms such as thraustochytrids, and so far less is known about their optimum growth conditions in laboratory setups. Although the labyrinthulid group is important ecologically, our understanding of their true culturable diversity, isolation, and long-term viability remains poorly documented. Thus, three labyrinthulid strains (AK1, DV1, and DV2) were studied here for culture optimization, mode of growth and prolonged cell viability (at least 14 d) by using customized agar media. Optimal temperature (35°C) and pH conditions (pH 6.0-7.0) were best for their growth specifically on media with 6% glucose concentration and 60% salinity (parts per thousand). Broth medium with carabao grass extract was suitable in keeping the isolates viable for more than 14 d but their growth in extract-based media was not significantly different from those grown on base medium, Glucose-Yeast Extract-Peptone agar (GPYA). Although it is not well understood what defense mechanism this organism needs to provide them longer viability in the environment, this study gives insights on their preferred culturable conditions.","PeriodicalId":37378,"journal":{"name":"Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48147007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A molecular phylogenetic study was conducted to determine the position of the Philippine endemic Miliusa vidalii in the tribe Miliuseae of family Annonaceae utilizing the combined cpDNA sequence data (trnL-F-matK-ndhF-psbA-trnH-ycf1). Bayesian inference and Maximum parsimony analyses revealed a robustly supported monophyletic Miliusa clade (PP=1.00; BS=93%). Miliusa vidalii nested within clade D (PP=1.00; BS=85%) shares similar features by having terminal inflorescences and a notably long pedicel. M. vidalii is resolved as sister to M. lanceolata, which shares morphological features such as length of pedicels, number of secondary veins, shape of leaf apex, and apiculate monocarp. This present study revealed that M. vidalii possesses a conspicuous glandular structure in the inner petals, a feature that is common only to species found in clade A. Therefore, increased taxon sampling is necessary to construct a stronger phylogenetic relationship within the genus.
{"title":"Phylogenetic position of Miliusa vidalii (Miliuseae, Annonaceae) inferred from chloroplast DNA and morphology","authors":"","doi":"10.26757/pjsb2019b13004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26757/pjsb2019b13004","url":null,"abstract":"A molecular phylogenetic study was conducted to determine the position of the Philippine endemic Miliusa vidalii in the tribe Miliuseae of family Annonaceae utilizing the combined cpDNA sequence data (trnL-F-matK-ndhF-psbA-trnH-ycf1). Bayesian inference and Maximum parsimony analyses revealed a robustly supported monophyletic Miliusa clade (PP=1.00; BS=93%). Miliusa vidalii nested within clade D (PP=1.00; BS=85%) shares similar features by having terminal inflorescences and a notably long pedicel. M. vidalii is resolved as sister to M. lanceolata, which shares morphological features such as length of pedicels, number of secondary veins, shape of leaf apex, and apiculate monocarp. This present study revealed that M. vidalii possesses a conspicuous glandular structure in the inner petals, a feature that is common only to species found in clade A. Therefore, increased taxon sampling is necessary to construct a stronger phylogenetic relationship within the genus.","PeriodicalId":37378,"journal":{"name":"Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69121482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Festschrift in honor of Dr. Irineo J. Dogma Jr. (Special Issue-2019)","authors":"","doi":"10.26757/pjsb2019b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26757/pjsb2019b","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37378,"journal":{"name":"Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48594150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jhon Michael C. Castro, J. C. Gonzales, M. Camacho
Chitala ornata (J.E. Gray) (Osteoglossiformes: Notopteridae) has since established abundant and nuisance populations in Laguna de Bay. A fundamental prerequisite for the development of management strategies for invasive species like C. ornata is a full understanding of its life history characteristics including sexual dimorphism. In the present study, we examined the sexual dimorphism of C. ornata. Sexes of C. ornata can be distinguished through the examination of its genital papilla wherein females show distinct morphological adaptions for effective oviposition on a spawning substrate. Comparison of means and multivariate analysis of several morphometric characters showed that sexual size dimorphism in C. ornata is female-biased which is mainly attributed to the disparity of resource expenditure between sexes for reproduction and size-dependent advantages of females in the production of more progenies with better chances of survival.
{"title":"Sexual dimorphism of invasive knifefish (Chitala ornata) in Laguna de bay, Philippines","authors":"Jhon Michael C. Castro, J. C. Gonzales, M. Camacho","doi":"10.26757/pjsb2019a13011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26757/pjsb2019a13011","url":null,"abstract":"Chitala ornata (J.E. Gray) (Osteoglossiformes: Notopteridae) has since established abundant and nuisance populations in Laguna de Bay. A fundamental prerequisite for the development of management strategies for invasive species like C. ornata is a full understanding of its life history characteristics including sexual dimorphism. In the present study, we examined the sexual dimorphism of C. ornata. Sexes of C. ornata can be distinguished through the examination of its genital papilla wherein females show distinct morphological adaptions for effective oviposition on a spawning substrate. Comparison of means and multivariate analysis of several morphometric characters showed that sexual size dimorphism in C. ornata is female-biased which is mainly attributed to the disparity of resource expenditure between sexes for reproduction and size-dependent advantages of females in the production of more progenies with better chances of survival.","PeriodicalId":37378,"journal":{"name":"Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47901638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since there are only limited biogeographic studies of myxomycetes in Southeast Asia, this study was conducted to assess the molecular diversity of Diderma hemisphaericum, a cosmopolitan myxomycetes species that abundantly occurs in most moist chamber collections in tropical Southeast Asia. Specimens that contain D. hemisphaericum were gathered from various parts of the Philippines: (i) Los Banos, (ii) Calauan, (iii) Basud, (iv) Isarog and (v) Malilipot; and Vietnam: (i) Thai Nguyen (ii) Ha Noi and (iii) Da Nang. Using modern molecular techniques, the common barcode nuclear marker 18S rDNA for myxomycetes was targeted for the 50 specimen used in this study. A total of 27 ribotypes (11 from the Philippines and 16 from Vietnam) were obtained. The Mantel test showed that genetic differentiation among ribotypes is not correlated with geographic distances. The FST index (0.083) indicates high genetic intermixing between the Philippines and Vietnam. Hence, it seems that the variation across regional scale gene pool is not directly influenced by geographic isolation but rather by environmental selection.
{"title":"Distribution of 18s rDNA variants of Diderma hemisphaericum (Myxomycota) specimens obtained from moist chambers of materials collected in the Philippines and Vietnam","authors":"","doi":"10.26757/pjsb2019b13003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26757/pjsb2019b13003","url":null,"abstract":"Since there are only limited biogeographic studies of myxomycetes in Southeast Asia, this study was conducted to assess the molecular diversity of Diderma hemisphaericum, a cosmopolitan myxomycetes species that abundantly occurs in most moist chamber collections in tropical Southeast Asia. Specimens that contain D. hemisphaericum were gathered from various parts of the Philippines: (i) Los Banos, (ii) Calauan, (iii) Basud, (iv) Isarog and (v) Malilipot; and Vietnam: (i) Thai Nguyen (ii) Ha Noi and (iii) Da Nang. Using modern molecular techniques, the common barcode nuclear marker 18S rDNA for myxomycetes was targeted for the 50 specimen used in this study. A total of 27 ribotypes (11 from the Philippines and 16 from Vietnam) were obtained. The Mantel test showed that genetic differentiation among ribotypes is not correlated with geographic distances. The FST index (0.083) indicates high genetic intermixing between the Philippines and Vietnam. Hence, it seems that the variation across regional scale gene pool is not directly influenced by geographic isolation but rather by environmental selection.","PeriodicalId":37378,"journal":{"name":"Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47806948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Two species, Chalybion clarebaltazarae sp. nov., and Chalybion stephenreyesi sp. nov., are described as new to science on the basis of their placoid pattern and shape of genitalia. Chalybion japonicum (Griboldo, 1882) is also hereby reported as a new record for the Philippines.
{"title":"Review of the Philippine Chalybion Dahlbom, 1843 with descriptions of two new species and one new distributional record","authors":"Kristine O. Abenis, I. Lit","doi":"10.26757/pjsb2019a13010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26757/pjsb2019a13010","url":null,"abstract":"Two species, Chalybion clarebaltazarae sp. nov., and Chalybion stephenreyesi sp. nov., are described as new to science on the basis of their placoid pattern and shape of genitalia. Chalybion japonicum (Griboldo, 1882) is also hereby reported as a new record for the Philippines.","PeriodicalId":37378,"journal":{"name":"Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49019034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Three new species of the pluridentate spider Lepidemathis Simon, 1903 are described from Luzon Island, Philippines. Lepidemathis cavinti n. sp. is from the primary forest in Cavinti, Laguna province; Lepidemathis dogmai n. sp. is from the boulder in a dry river in Mauban, Quezon province; and Lepidemathis lipa n. sp. is from bamboo trees near a young cacao orchard in Lipa City, Batangas province. Photographs are provided to facilitate species identification.
{"title":"Three new species of Lepidemathis Simon, 1903 (Araneae: Salticidae) from the Philippines","authors":"Aimee Lynn A. Barrion, Dupo, A. Barrion","doi":"10.26757/pjsb2019b13009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26757/pjsb2019b13009","url":null,"abstract":"Three new species of the pluridentate spider Lepidemathis Simon, 1903 are described from Luzon Island, Philippines. Lepidemathis cavinti n. sp. is from the primary forest in Cavinti, Laguna province; Lepidemathis dogmai n. sp. is from the boulder in a dry river in Mauban, Quezon province; and Lepidemathis lipa n. sp. is from bamboo trees near a young cacao orchard in Lipa City, Batangas province. Photographs are provided to facilitate species identification.","PeriodicalId":37378,"journal":{"name":"Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47087902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the pioneering taxonomic works about the Philippine slime molds (that includes the myxomycetes and dictyostelids) were the annotated check list reported by Dogma in 1975 published in the Kalikasan – Philippine Journal of Biology. This report meaningfully contributed to the succeeding studies conducted with the Philippine slime molds after almost four decades of stagnancy. Hence, this review paper tackles how the studies regarding the Philippine slime molds progressed since Dogma’s 1975 annotation, particularly in further understanding the ecology and systematics of these fungus-like protist. At present day, the total number of myxomycetes species in the Philippines is 159 while the number of records for dictyostelids is 12.
{"title":"The Philippine slime molds after Dogma’s 1975 list–How far have we been?","authors":"T. D. Cruz","doi":"10.26757/pjsb2019b13008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26757/pjsb2019b13008","url":null,"abstract":"One of the pioneering taxonomic works about the Philippine slime molds (that includes the myxomycetes and dictyostelids) were the annotated check list reported by Dogma in 1975 published in the Kalikasan – Philippine Journal of Biology. This report meaningfully contributed to the succeeding studies conducted with the Philippine slime molds after almost four decades of stagnancy. Hence, this review paper tackles how the studies regarding the Philippine slime molds progressed since Dogma’s 1975 annotation, particularly in further understanding the ecology and systematics of these fungus-like protist. At present day, the total number of myxomycetes species in the Philippines is 159 while the number of records for dictyostelids is 12.","PeriodicalId":37378,"journal":{"name":"Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45526022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research was conducted to isolate culturable soil-borne fungi from Lipa clay loam soil and identify the types of siderophores they produce. The frequency of fungal isolates was likewise compared across the soil strata. Soil samples were plated on Rose Bengal Agar (RBA) and incubated for five days. Morpho-culturally unique isolates were transferred in Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) slants and identified using taxonomic keys and by ITS sequencing. Siderophores of each species were then characterized through colorimetric methods. Twenty-nine species of fungi were identified. Six isolates were Basidiomycetes, 1 Zygomycetes and 22 Ascomycetes. Among ascomycetes, two were teleomorphs: Chaetomium globosum Kunze and Emericella nidulans (Eidam) Vuillemin. Isolates were then characterized in terms of their ability to produce siderophores. Majority produced hydroxamate type of siderophores while only Aspergillus tamarii Kita produced all three types of siderophores. Six other species failed to produce any of the three types. Isolates may further be studied for their metal remediating capacity and other biological activities.
{"title":"Siderophores of fungi from Lipa clay loam soil, Philippines","authors":"J. Guerrero, T. Dalisay, I. Pangga, N. D. Organo","doi":"10.26757/pjsb2019a13008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26757/pjsb2019a13008","url":null,"abstract":"This research was conducted to isolate culturable soil-borne fungi from Lipa clay loam soil and identify the types of siderophores they produce. The frequency of fungal isolates was likewise compared across the soil strata. Soil samples were plated on Rose Bengal Agar (RBA) and incubated for five days. Morpho-culturally unique isolates were transferred in Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) slants and identified using taxonomic keys and by ITS sequencing. Siderophores of each species were then characterized through colorimetric methods. Twenty-nine species of fungi were identified. Six isolates were Basidiomycetes, 1 Zygomycetes and 22 Ascomycetes. Among ascomycetes, two were teleomorphs: Chaetomium globosum Kunze and Emericella nidulans (Eidam) Vuillemin. Isolates were then characterized in terms of their ability to produce siderophores. Majority produced hydroxamate type of siderophores while only Aspergillus tamarii Kita produced all three types of siderophores. Six other species failed to produce any of the three types. Isolates may further be studied for their metal remediating capacity and other biological activities.","PeriodicalId":37378,"journal":{"name":"Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43571479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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