首页 > 最新文献

Arheologia Moldovei最新文献

英文 中文
Transcaucasia and Neolithic of the South of Eastern Europe 东欧南部的外高加索和新石器时代
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-06-28 DOI: 10.15407/arheologia2022.02.019
Valerii Manko, Guram Chkhatarashvili
The authors examine the development of Transcaucasian archaeological cultures during the Early Holocene and their relationship to the beginning of the Neolithic in the south of Eastern Europe. The authors describe the migration activity of carriers of the Kobuletian, Darkvetian, Edzanian and Trialetian cultures. The role of migrants in the process of Neolithization of Eastern Europe is considered. The authors aim to show the relationship of the Kukrek, Hrebenyky, Matveev Kurgan, Shpan-Koba, Murzak-Koba cultures with the migratory activity of the Transcaucasian population.
作者研究了全新世早期外高加索考古文化的发展及其与东欧南部新石器时代开始的关系。作者描述了Kobuletian、Darkvetian、Edzanian和Trialetian文化携带者的迁移活动。移民在东欧新石器化过程中的作用被考虑。作者的目的是展示Kukrek、Hrebenyky、Matveev Kurgan、Shpan-Koba、Murzak-Koba文化与外高加索人口迁移活动的关系。
{"title":"Transcaucasia and Neolithic of the South of Eastern Europe","authors":"Valerii Manko, Guram Chkhatarashvili","doi":"10.15407/arheologia2022.02.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/arheologia2022.02.019","url":null,"abstract":"The authors examine the development of Transcaucasian archaeological cultures during the Early Holocene and their relationship to the beginning of the Neolithic in the south of Eastern Europe. The authors describe the migration activity of carriers of the Kobuletian, Darkvetian, Edzanian and Trialetian cultures. The role of migrants in the process of Neolithization of Eastern Europe is considered. The authors aim to show the relationship of the Kukrek, Hrebenyky, Matveev Kurgan, Shpan-Koba, Murzak-Koba cultures with the migratory activity of the Transcaucasian population.","PeriodicalId":37391,"journal":{"name":"Arheologia Moldovei","volume":"731 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76783962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Urban Planning with Divine Protection? On the Location of (Sub-)Urban Sanctuaries in Olbia Pontica in the Archaic-Classical Period 城市规划与神的保护?论古-古典时期奥尔本提卡地区(次)城市避难所的位置
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-06-28 DOI: 10.15407/arheologia2022.02.067
J. Fornasier, A. Buiskykh, O. Kuzmishchev
The present contribution introduces the most recent results of the research by a Ukrainian-German collaborative project which has been working in Olbia Pontica since 2014. It discusses an updated reconstruction of the urban planning developments in the 6th/5th centuries BC, which accounts for the new archaeological state of knowledge. Thereby, the academic focus is on the sacral topography of Olbia, which impressively indicates a comprehensive planning concept in the urbanisation process of the Milesian colony in the Late Archaic period.
目前的贡献介绍了乌克兰-德国合作项目的最新研究成果,该项目自2014年以来一直在Olbia Pontica开展工作。它讨论了公元前6 /5世纪城市规划发展的更新重建,这说明了新的考古知识状态。因此,学术的重点是奥尔比亚的神圣地形,它令人印象深刻地表明了古代史晚期米利都殖民地城市化过程中的综合规划理念。
{"title":"Urban Planning with Divine Protection? On the Location of (Sub-)Urban Sanctuaries in Olbia Pontica in the Archaic-Classical Period","authors":"J. Fornasier, A. Buiskykh, O. Kuzmishchev","doi":"10.15407/arheologia2022.02.067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/arheologia2022.02.067","url":null,"abstract":"The present contribution introduces the most recent results of the research by a Ukrainian-German collaborative project which has been working in Olbia Pontica since 2014. It discusses an updated reconstruction of the urban planning developments in the 6th/5th centuries BC, which accounts for the new archaeological state of knowledge. Thereby, the academic focus is on the sacral topography of Olbia, which impressively indicates a comprehensive planning concept in the urbanisation process of the Milesian colony in the Late Archaic period.","PeriodicalId":37391,"journal":{"name":"Arheologia Moldovei","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84532835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hellenistic Painted Ceramics from Olbia 来自奥尔比亚的希腊彩绘陶瓷
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-06-28 DOI: 10.15407/arheologia2022.02.096
V. Kotenko
The article is devoted to the publication of a small collection of Hellenistic painted pottery from Olbia. The studying of certain categories of archaeological material provides an opportunity to explore in detail the various aspects of their characteristics and to outline issues related primarily to its origin. Among the promising vectors of the study of Olbian ceramic complex are finds of the Hellenistic period and isolation of some series of imported pottery of the Black Sea North region production. One of the representative collections of Hellenistic pottery from Olbia is stored in the Scientific Repository of the Institute of Archaeology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. It is represented by materials of excavations of the second half of the 20th century. First of all, the so-called red clay painted pottery is very interesting, the origin of which is still debated in historiography. Among the items selected for the study, table jugs predominate, which are represented by a fairly wide range of variations of profile parts and ornamental compositions. The decorations are the following: encircling lines, plant motifs or a combination of them; the painting is done mainly with dark red paint. The collection also includes fragments of ceramic flasks, which are rare forms of ware in the Black Sea North region and were used as small containers. Profile parts of vessels are described separately. The article also contains the description of the morphology of different types of jugs and their capacity. Particular attention is paid to the origin of Hellenistic ceramics. It has been found that such pottery was probably made in Tauric Chersonesos. Despite the need of chemical and technical analyses of the clay composition and clarification of the raw materials origin, it should be noted that such indicators as mass character, typological similarity and the presence of these products in situ in the places of pottery production are quite convincing factors in the process of their attribution. Its availability in the ceramic complex of Olbia testifies to the existence of interpoleis contacts in the Black Sea North region, in particular to certain connections of this centre with Taurica in the 4th – 2nd centuries BC, which has already been recorded archaeologically on the amphorae materials. Therefore, a representative collection of Hellenistic pottery from the excavations at Olbia supplemented new information about the life of the polis during its active development.
这篇文章专门介绍了来自奥尔比亚的一小批希腊彩陶的出版。对某些类别的考古材料的研究提供了一个机会,可以详细探索其特征的各个方面,并概述主要与其起源有关的问题。希腊化时期的发现和黑海北部地区生产的一些系列进口陶器的分离,是研究奥尔比安陶瓷复合体的有希望的载体。来自奥尔比亚的希腊化陶器的代表性收藏品之一存放在乌克兰国家科学院考古研究所的科学储存库中。它以20世纪下半叶的发掘材料为代表。首先,所谓的红泥彩陶非常有趣,其起源至今在史学界仍有争议。在为研究选择的项目中,表壶占主导地位,这是由相当广泛的轮廓部分和装饰成分的变化所代表的。装饰是这样的:环绕线、植物图案或它们的组合;这幅画主要是用深红色颜料画的。藏品还包括陶瓷烧瓶的碎片,这是黑海北部地区罕见的陶器形式,被用作小容器。容器的剖面部分分别描述。文章还包含了不同类型的壶的形态和他们的容量的描述。特别注意的是希腊陶瓷的起源。人们发现,这种陶器很可能是在陶里克·切尔松索斯制造的。尽管需要对粘土成分进行化学和技术分析,并澄清原料来源,但应该指出的是,在其归属过程中,诸如质量特征、类型相似性以及这些产品在陶器生产地点的原位存在等指标是相当有说服力的因素。在奥尔比亚的陶瓷建筑群中,它的存在证明了黑海北部地区存在着国际接触,特别是在公元前4 - 2世纪,该中心与陶里卡的某些联系,这已经在考古学上的双耳陶罐材料上得到了记录。因此,奥尔比亚出土的一批有代表性的希腊陶器补充了有关城邦活跃发展时期生活的新信息。
{"title":"Hellenistic Painted Ceramics from Olbia","authors":"V. Kotenko","doi":"10.15407/arheologia2022.02.096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/arheologia2022.02.096","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the publication of a small collection of Hellenistic painted pottery from Olbia. The studying of certain categories of archaeological material provides an opportunity to explore in detail the various aspects of their characteristics and to outline issues related primarily to its origin. Among the promising vectors of the study of Olbian ceramic complex are finds of the Hellenistic period and isolation of some series of imported pottery of the Black Sea North region production. One of the representative collections of Hellenistic pottery from Olbia is stored in the Scientific Repository of the Institute of Archaeology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. It is represented by materials of excavations of the second half of the 20th century. First of all, the so-called red clay painted pottery is very interesting, the origin of which is still debated in historiography. Among the items selected for the study, table jugs predominate, which are represented by a fairly wide range of variations of profile parts and ornamental compositions. The decorations are the following: encircling lines, plant motifs or a combination of them; the painting is done mainly with dark red paint. The collection also includes fragments of ceramic flasks, which are rare forms of ware in the Black Sea North region and were used as small containers. Profile parts of vessels are described separately. The article also contains the description of the morphology of different types of jugs and their capacity. Particular attention is paid to the origin of Hellenistic ceramics. It has been found that such pottery was probably made in Tauric Chersonesos. Despite the need of chemical and technical analyses of the clay composition and clarification of the raw materials origin, it should be noted that such indicators as mass character, typological similarity and the presence of these products in situ in the places of pottery production are quite convincing factors in the process of their attribution. Its availability in the ceramic complex of Olbia testifies to the existence of interpoleis contacts in the Black Sea North region, in particular to certain connections of this centre with Taurica in the 4th – 2nd centuries BC, which has already been recorded archaeologically on the amphorae materials. Therefore, a representative collection of Hellenistic pottery from the excavations at Olbia supplemented new information about the life of the polis during its active development.","PeriodicalId":37391,"journal":{"name":"Arheologia Moldovei","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87777408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fibulae of East Germanic Tradition From Saint-Cheron in Northern Gaul (Late Roman Period — Migration Period) 来自高卢北部圣谢龙东日耳曼传统的腓骨语(罗马晚期-移民时期)
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-03-23 DOI: 10.15407/arheologia2022.01.039
M. Kazanski
For the late Roman Period and the beginning of the Great Migration Period on the territory of the Western Roman Empire, and in particular in Northern Gaul, a series of items was revealed — primarily fibulae and combs that belonged to the East German, and primarily Cherniakhiv tradition. Among them there are two braided crossbow brooches with an extended stem, found in one of the burials (No. 94) of the Saint-Cheron burial ground in Chartres (France), and two braced crossbow brooches with an expanded stem. They are derivatives of the Ambros 16/4-III type fasteners from the late Roman period. Similar fasteners in the late Roman time are quite well represented in a wide geographic zone from the Baltic to the Black Sea. Such fibulae are especially typical for the Cherniakhiv culture, that is, for the German and non-German population, identified with the Goths and their allies. In the Cherniakhiv area, such fasteners are best represented in its western part, to the west of the Dniester. That is, in the territory where, according to written sources, Visigoths are localized. These brooches are also found, although much less frequently at the sites of the Wielbark and Przeworsk cultures in the Vistula basin, which also belonged to the East Germans. These fasteners in Eastern and Central Europe are dated by the 3rd—4-th centuries. The fibula from the Saint-Chiron burial ground differs from the «eastern» analogs of the Roman time by the rounded section of the back, while in Eastern and Central Europe similar fibulae have a back in the shape of a flattened faceted rod or plate. It seems that the Cherniakhiv, Welbark and Przeworsk brooches are the prototypes of agrafes from the Northern Gaul. Concerning the time of the Great Migrations, mainly for the 5th century, crossbow fibulae derived from those of Ambroz 16/4-III are rare and attested outside of the main area of distribution of their prototypes: in the North-East of the Black Sea (1 site), in Spain (1 site), in Italy (1 site) and especially in Gaul (3 sites). Fibulae of the Ambroz 16/4-III type and their derivatives were found mainly in the area of activity of the Goths during the Roman Period and the Great Migrations, between the Vistula, the Black Sea and the Iberian Peninsula. The few fibulae of this type discovered elsewhere, in the Northern Gaul, for instance, probably attest to the displacement of isolated individuals. Indeed, in the tomb of Saint-Chéron, the position of the pair of fibulae, on the thorax, is entirely in accordance with that adopted by the Eastern Germans in Roman times.
在罗马晚期和大迁徙时期的开始,在西罗马帝国的领土上,特别是在高卢北部,发现了一系列物品——主要是属于东德的腓骨和梳子,主要是切尔尼亚克夫的传统。其中,在法国沙特尔(Chartres)圣谢隆(Saint-Cheron)墓地的一个墓葬(第94号)中发现了两枚带有扩展茎的编织弓弩胸针,以及两枚带有扩展茎的支撑弓弩胸针。它们是罗马晚期Ambros 16/4-III型紧固件的衍生物。在从波罗的海到黑海的广阔地理区域内,类似的紧固件在罗马时代晚期相当有代表性。这样的腓骨在切尔尼亚克夫文化中尤其典型,也就是说,对于德国和非德国人口来说,与哥特人和他们的盟友认同。在切尔尼亚戈夫地区,这种紧固件在其西部,在德涅斯特以西最具代表性。也就是说,根据书面资料,在西哥特人本地化的领土上。这些胸针也被发现,尽管在维斯瓦盆地的Wielbark和Przeworsk文化遗址中发现的频率要低得多,这也属于东德。这些东欧和中欧的紧固件可以追溯到3 - 4世纪。来自圣凯龙墓地的腓骨与罗马时代的“东方”类似物的不同之处在于背部的圆形部分,而在东欧和中欧,类似的腓骨的背部呈扁平的多面杆或板的形状。Cherniakhiv, Welbark和Przeworsk胸针似乎是来自北高卢的agrafes的原型。关于大迁徙时期,主要是在5世纪,来自Ambroz 16/4-III的弓弩腓骨是罕见的,并且在其原型的主要分布区域之外得到了证明:在黑海东北部(1个地点),在西班牙(1个地点),在意大利(1个地点),特别是在高卢(3个地点)。Ambroz 16/4-III型腓骨骨及其衍生物主要发现于罗马时期和大迁徙时期哥特人的活动区域,位于维斯瓦河、黑海和伊比利亚半岛之间。在其他地方发现的少数这种类型的腓骨,例如在北高卢,可能证明了孤立的个体的迁移。的确,在圣-切姆松墓中,那对腓骨在胸腔上的位置,与罗马时代东德人所采用的位置完全一致。
{"title":"Fibulae of East Germanic Tradition From Saint-Cheron in Northern Gaul (Late Roman Period — Migration Period)","authors":"M. Kazanski","doi":"10.15407/arheologia2022.01.039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/arheologia2022.01.039","url":null,"abstract":"For the late Roman Period and the beginning of the Great Migration Period on the territory of the Western Roman Empire, and in particular in Northern Gaul, a series of items was revealed — primarily fibulae and combs that belonged to the East German, and primarily Cherniakhiv tradition. Among them there are two braided crossbow brooches with an extended stem, found in one of the burials (No. 94) of the Saint-Cheron burial ground in Chartres (France), and two braced crossbow brooches with an expanded stem. They are derivatives of the Ambros 16/4-III type fasteners from the late Roman period. Similar fasteners in the late Roman time are quite well represented in a wide geographic zone from the Baltic to the Black Sea. Such fibulae are especially typical for the Cherniakhiv culture, that is, for the German and non-German population, identified with the Goths and their allies. In the Cherniakhiv area, such fasteners are best represented in its western part, to the west of the Dniester. That is, in the territory where, according to written sources, Visigoths are localized. These brooches are also found, although much less frequently at the sites of the Wielbark and Przeworsk cultures in the Vistula basin, which also belonged to the East Germans. These fasteners in Eastern and Central Europe are dated by the 3rd—4-th centuries. The fibula from the Saint-Chiron burial ground differs from the «eastern» analogs of the Roman time by the rounded section of the back, while in Eastern and Central Europe similar fibulae have a back in the shape of a flattened faceted rod or plate. It seems that the Cherniakhiv, Welbark and Przeworsk brooches are the prototypes of agrafes from the Northern Gaul. Concerning the time of the Great Migrations, mainly for the 5th century, crossbow fibulae derived from those of Ambroz 16/4-III are rare and attested outside of the main area of distribution of their prototypes: in the North-East of the Black Sea (1 site), in Spain (1 site), in Italy (1 site) and especially in Gaul (3 sites). Fibulae of the Ambroz 16/4-III type and their derivatives were found mainly in the area of activity of the Goths during the Roman Period and the Great Migrations, between the Vistula, the Black Sea and the Iberian Peninsula. The few fibulae of this type discovered elsewhere, in the Northern Gaul, for instance, probably attest to the displacement of isolated individuals. Indeed, in the tomb of Saint-Chéron, the position of the pair of fibulae, on the thorax, is entirely in accordance with that adopted by the Eastern Germans in Roman times.","PeriodicalId":37391,"journal":{"name":"Arheologia Moldovei","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84885908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Population of the Cherniakhiv Culture According to the Materials of the Cherkasy Centre Burial Ground (Craniological Aspect) 从切尔喀西中心墓地的资料看切尔尼亚柯夫文化的人口(颅骨学方面)
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-03-23 DOI: 10.15407/arheologia2022.01.086
T. Rudych
The burial ground Cherkasy-Center of the Cherniakhiv culture was investigated in 1991—2003. Researchers date its foundation to the turn of 3rd—4th centuries AD, and the completion of functioning by the first decades of 5th century. During the excavations, anthropological material was obtained. The skulls of this population were measured and studied using classical anthropological methods, and comparative analysis was carried out using multivariate statistics (factor analysis). The male series is characterized by a medium-long, narrow, meso-dolichocranial cranium. The face is narrow, short, mesognatic. Horizontal profiling of the face at the upper level is on the border of sharp and moderate, its profiling at the zygomaxillary level is sharp. Orbits are medium- high by the index; the nose is wide by the index. The bones of the nose protrude well. The average characteristics of the features of this group fit into the range of inergroup variations in the series of the Cherniakhiv culture. The Cherkasy-Center group demonstrates anthropological links with series from the western and south-western regions of the Cherniakhiv culture (Budeşti, Nahorne, Mălăiești, Uspenka). When included in the analysis of the groups of the Wielbark culture and the series of the late Scythians and Sarmatians, the series from Cherkasy turns out to be among the groups that demonstrate a somewhat greater closeness to the series of the Wielbark culture. The average characteristics of the female series is a long, medium wide, high cranium, mesocranial in shape. The face is medium-wide and medium-high, it is orthognathic. Horizontal profiling of the face at the upper level is on the border of sharp and moderate, its profiling at the zygomaxillary level is sharp. The orbits are medium-high in terms of the index, the nose is medium-wide. The bones of the nose protrude mediumly. The nose bridge is high. According to the results of statistical analysis, the female series from Cherkasy demonstrates closeness of the Cherniakhiv series from the burial grounds of Budeşti, Mălăiești, Cherneliv, Kholmske. The series also shows a greater affinity to individual series of the Wielbark culture than to the groups of the late Scythians and, all the more, the Sarmatians.
1991年至2003年对切尔卡什文化中心的墓地进行了调查。研究人员将其建立于公元3 - 4世纪之交,并在5世纪前几十年完成功能。在发掘过程中,获得了人类学资料。使用经典人类学方法对该人群的头骨进行测量和研究,并使用多元统计(因子分析)进行比较分析。男性系列的特点是中长,狭窄,中脑颅骨。脸是窄的,短的,中间的。面部的水平轮廓在上水平的边缘上是尖锐而适中的,其颧骨水平的轮廓是尖锐的。轨道是中高的指数;鼻子的下颚很宽。鼻骨突出得很好。该群体特征的平均特征符合Cherniakhiv文化系列的群间变异范围。Cherkasy-Center小组与Cherniakhiv文化西部和西南地区的系列(bude, Nahorne, Mălăiești, Uspenka)证明了人类学上的联系。当将维尔巴克文化的群体和晚期斯基泰人和萨尔马提亚人的系列纳入分析时,来自切尔卡西的系列被证明是与维尔巴克文化系列更接近的群体之一。女性系列的平均特点是长、中宽、头盖骨高、中颅形。脸是中等宽和中等高,它是正颌。面部的水平轮廓在上水平的边缘上是尖锐而适中的,其颧骨水平的轮廓是尖锐的。轨道的指数中等高,机头中等宽。鼻骨中间突出。鼻梁很高。统计分析结果表明,切尔卡西地区的女性系列与khomske Cherneliv、budeti、Mălăiești、Cherneliv墓地的Cherniakhiv系列接近。与晚期斯基泰人群体,尤其是萨尔马提亚人群体相比,该系列也显示出与维利巴克文化的个体系列更大的亲缘关系。
{"title":"The Population of the Cherniakhiv Culture According to the Materials of the Cherkasy Centre Burial Ground (Craniological Aspect)","authors":"T. Rudych","doi":"10.15407/arheologia2022.01.086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/arheologia2022.01.086","url":null,"abstract":"The burial ground Cherkasy-Center of the Cherniakhiv culture was investigated in 1991—2003. Researchers date its foundation to the turn of 3rd—4th centuries AD, and the completion of functioning by the first decades of 5th century. During the excavations, anthropological material was obtained. The skulls of this population were measured and studied using classical anthropological methods, and comparative analysis was carried out using multivariate statistics (factor analysis). The male series is characterized by a medium-long, narrow, meso-dolichocranial cranium. The face is narrow, short, mesognatic. Horizontal profiling of the face at the upper level is on the border of sharp and moderate, its profiling at the zygomaxillary level is sharp. Orbits are medium- high by the index; the nose is wide by the index. The bones of the nose protrude well. The average characteristics of the features of this group fit into the range of inergroup variations in the series of the Cherniakhiv culture. The Cherkasy-Center group demonstrates anthropological links with series from the western and south-western regions of the Cherniakhiv culture (Budeşti, Nahorne, Mălăiești, Uspenka). When included in the analysis of the groups of the Wielbark culture and the series of the late Scythians and Sarmatians, the series from Cherkasy turns out to be among the groups that demonstrate a somewhat greater closeness to the series of the Wielbark culture. The average characteristics of the female series is a long, medium wide, high cranium, mesocranial in shape. The face is medium-wide and medium-high, it is orthognathic. Horizontal profiling of the face at the upper level is on the border of sharp and moderate, its profiling at the zygomaxillary level is sharp. The orbits are medium-high in terms of the index, the nose is medium-wide. The bones of the nose protrude mediumly. The nose bridge is high. According to the results of statistical analysis, the female series from Cherkasy demonstrates closeness of the Cherniakhiv series from the burial grounds of Budeşti, Mălăiești, Cherneliv, Kholmske. The series also shows a greater affinity to individual series of the Wielbark culture than to the groups of the late Scythians and, all the more, the Sarmatians.","PeriodicalId":37391,"journal":{"name":"Arheologia Moldovei","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83691145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Glassware of Late Roman Time from Viitenky: the Technological Aspect 来自维也纳的罗马晚期玻璃器皿:技术方面
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-03-23 DOI: 10.15407/arheologia2022.01.121
Vladyslav Shchepachenko
This article is devoted to the study of the technological features of the manufacturing and decoration of glass vessels from archaeological complex of late Roman time – early Great Migrations period at Viitenky in the East of Ukraine. The observations of the evolution of shapes, decor and individual morphological features of Roman glassware has reached almost a century in their development now. During this time, researchers have repeatedly emphasized their information potential in chronological constructions and searches for production centres of certain types. The technical and technological approach in the study of glass found its place in the investigation of Cherniakhiv antiquities. In our opinion, in combination with traditional archaeological methods, it remains one of the most promising ways to resolve the issue of the origin of Cherniakhiv glass vessels, even today. The purpose of our study is a comparative analysis of the technological features of glassware from Viitenky, vessels from the area of the Cherniakhiv culture in Ukraine and items from the Roman provinces. The analysis of the materials allows drawing some conclusions. The set of technological methods registered during the study of glassware from Viitenky finds parallels both among Cherniakhiv glass vessels and among provincial Roman vessels. However, some of them are asynchronous to those existing in the provinces in late Roman and late Antique times. Despite the fact that the same morphological and decorative elements occur both among barbarian cups and among vessels of the Provincial-Roman circle, the chronology of their existence in both categories of Cherniakhiv glassware is often different. Observations of the chronology of their existence among Cherniakhiv vessels on the territory of Ukraine suggest certain changes in the set of technological methods used for their manufacturing and decoration, which appear no earlier than in the middle of the 4th century.
本文致力于研究乌克兰东部维滕基考古建筑群中罗马时代晚期-大迁徙时期早期玻璃器皿的制造和装饰的技术特征。对罗马玻璃器皿的形状、装饰和个体形态特征的演变的观察已经达到了近一个世纪的发展。在此期间,研究人员一再强调它们在时间结构和寻找某些类型的生产中心方面的信息潜力。研究玻璃的技术方法在切尔尼亚柯夫古物的调查中找到了它的位置。在我们看来,结合传统的考古方法,即使在今天,它仍然是解决Cherniakhiv玻璃容器起源问题的最有希望的方法之一。我们研究的目的是比较分析来自Viitenky的玻璃器皿、来自乌克兰Cherniakhiv文化地区的器皿和来自罗马行省的物品的技术特征。对这些材料的分析可以得出一些结论。在对Viitenky玻璃器皿的研究中,发现了Cherniakhiv玻璃器皿和罗马外省器皿的相似之处。然而,其中一些与罗马晚期和古代晚期行省存在的那些是不同步的。尽管在野蛮人的杯子和外省-罗马圈子的容器中出现了相同的形态和装饰元素,但它们在Cherniakhiv玻璃器皿的两类中存在的年代往往不同。对乌克兰境内Cherniakhiv船只中存在的年表的观察表明,用于制造和装饰的一套技术方法发生了某些变化,这些变化不早于4世纪中叶。
{"title":"The Glassware of Late Roman Time from Viitenky: the Technological Aspect","authors":"Vladyslav Shchepachenko","doi":"10.15407/arheologia2022.01.121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/arheologia2022.01.121","url":null,"abstract":"This article is devoted to the study of the technological features of the manufacturing and decoration of glass vessels from archaeological complex of late Roman time – early Great Migrations period at Viitenky in the East of Ukraine. The observations of the evolution of shapes, decor and individual morphological features of Roman glassware has reached almost a century in their development now. During this time, researchers have repeatedly emphasized their information potential in chronological constructions and searches for production centres of certain types. The technical and technological approach in the study of glass found its place in the investigation of Cherniakhiv antiquities. In our opinion, in combination with traditional archaeological methods, it remains one of the most promising ways to resolve the issue of the origin of Cherniakhiv glass vessels, even today. The purpose of our study is a comparative analysis of the technological features of glassware from Viitenky, vessels from the area of the Cherniakhiv culture in Ukraine and items from the Roman provinces. The analysis of the materials allows drawing some conclusions. The set of technological methods registered during the study of glassware from Viitenky finds parallels both among Cherniakhiv glass vessels and among provincial Roman vessels. However, some of them are asynchronous to those existing in the provinces in late Roman and late Antique times. Despite the fact that the same morphological and decorative elements occur both among barbarian cups and among vessels of the Provincial-Roman circle, the chronology of their existence in both categories of Cherniakhiv glassware is often different. Observations of the chronology of their existence among Cherniakhiv vessels on the territory of Ukraine suggest certain changes in the set of technological methods used for their manufacturing and decoration, which appear no earlier than in the middle of the 4th century.","PeriodicalId":37391,"journal":{"name":"Arheologia Moldovei","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75026366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
New Materials for the Study of the Funeral Rite of the Przeworsk Culture in Western Buh Region 布西普氏文化丧葬仪式研究的新材料
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-03-23 DOI: 10.15407/arheologia2022.01.114
Volodymyr Sydorovych
Burial monuments are an important element of the spiritual culture of the Przeworsk population of the Western Buh region. The main type of burials was cremation in an urn or earthen pit. The cremation rite had dominated throughout its existence, but there are cases of inhumation burials. Borrowing from the Celts, the population of the Przeworsk culture buried weapons, ISSN 0235-3490 (Print), ISSN 2616-499X (Online). Археологія, 2022, № 1 143 jewelry, personal items and pottery. Almost all items were intentionally damaged. There are cases of intentional damage to small items: brooches, spurs, scissors, pins, needles, etc. One of these burial complexes was discovered by the so-called «black diggers» and transferred to the Lviv Regional Council «History and Local Lore Museum». The burial complex contained a ritually bent double-edged sword, a shield handle and a spearhead, which were connected to each other, an iron brooches and a ritually damaged shield boss. The four iron spurs were connected in pairs. The funeral rite and the items found in the burial have numerous analogies on the monuments of the Przeworsk culture in Poland and Western Ukraine. Among the total number of burials of the Przeworsk culture, burials with swords stand out. Obviously, the presence of a sword is an evidence of the high social status of its owner. The set of features of the material found in the burial allows us to confidently date it to the phase C1a—C2 of the Late Roman period (middle — end of the 3rd century AD). The advance of the bearers of the Przeworsk culture to the south and east in this chronological period was accompanied by local military conflicts. In any case, the Przeworsk population in the region of the Western Buh was an integral part of ethnic and cultural processes that lasted throughout the 3rd century. The formation of the source base of funerary monuments of the Przeworsk culture in the future will make it possible to identify certain regional features in topography, funeral inventory and ritual actions. Given that the study of monuments of this archaeological culture in Ukraine remains low.
埋葬纪念碑是西布赫地区普热沃斯克人精神文化的重要组成部分。主要的埋葬方式是在骨灰盒或土坑中火化。火葬仪式在其存在期间一直占主导地位,但也有人葬的情况。借用凯尔特人,普泽沃斯克文化的人口埋藏武器,ISSN 0235-3490(印刷),ISSN 2616-499X(在线)。Археологія, 2022,№1143珠宝,个人物品和陶器。几乎所有的物品都是故意损坏的。有些小物件是故意损坏的:胸针、马刺、剪刀、别针、针等。其中一个墓地是由所谓的“黑色挖掘者”发现的,并被转移到利沃夫地区委员会的“历史和当地文化博物馆”。墓葬群中有一把仪式上弯曲的双刃剑,一个盾牌手柄和一个彼此相连的矛头,一个铁胸针和一个仪式上损坏的盾牌boss。四个铁马刺成对地连在一起。葬礼仪式和在埋葬中发现的物品在波兰和乌克兰西部的普热沃斯克文化纪念碑上有许多相似之处。在Przeworsk文化的所有墓葬中,剑葬尤为突出。显然,剑的存在证明了它的主人的社会地位很高。在墓葬中发现的材料的一系列特征使我们能够自信地将其确定为罗马晚期(公元3世纪中后期)的C1a-C2阶段。在这一时期,普氏文化的传承者向南部和东部的推进伴随着当地的军事冲突。无论如何,西布赫地区的普热沃斯克人是贯穿整个3世纪的民族和文化进程的一个组成部分。未来普热沃斯克文化丧葬纪念碑源库的形成,将使人们有可能在地形、丧葬清单和仪式行为等方面识别出一定的地域特征。鉴于乌克兰对这一考古文化遗迹的研究仍然很少。
{"title":"New Materials for the Study of the Funeral Rite of the Przeworsk Culture in Western Buh Region","authors":"Volodymyr Sydorovych","doi":"10.15407/arheologia2022.01.114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/arheologia2022.01.114","url":null,"abstract":"Burial monuments are an important element of the spiritual culture of the Przeworsk population of the Western Buh region. The main type of burials was cremation in an urn or earthen pit. The cremation rite had dominated throughout its existence, but there are cases of inhumation burials. Borrowing from the Celts, the population of the Przeworsk culture buried weapons, ISSN 0235-3490 (Print), ISSN 2616-499X (Online). Археологія, 2022, № 1 143 jewelry, personal items and pottery. Almost all items were intentionally damaged. There are cases of intentional damage to small items: brooches, spurs, scissors, pins, needles, etc. One of these burial complexes was discovered by the so-called «black diggers» and transferred to the Lviv Regional Council «History and Local Lore Museum». The burial complex contained a ritually bent double-edged sword, a shield handle and a spearhead, which were connected to each other, an iron brooches and a ritually damaged shield boss. The four iron spurs were connected in pairs. The funeral rite and the items found in the burial have numerous analogies on the monuments of the Przeworsk culture in Poland and Western Ukraine. Among the total number of burials of the Przeworsk culture, burials with swords stand out. Obviously, the presence of a sword is an evidence of the high social status of its owner. The set of features of the material found in the burial allows us to confidently date it to the phase C1a—C2 of the Late Roman period (middle — end of the 3rd century AD). The advance of the bearers of the Przeworsk culture to the south and east in this chronological period was accompanied by local military conflicts. In any case, the Przeworsk population in the region of the Western Buh was an integral part of ethnic and cultural processes that lasted throughout the 3rd century. The formation of the source base of funerary monuments of the Przeworsk culture in the future will make it possible to identify certain regional features in topography, funeral inventory and ritual actions. Given that the study of monuments of this archaeological culture in Ukraine remains low.","PeriodicalId":37391,"journal":{"name":"Arheologia Moldovei","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78242842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Analysis of Micro-Residues on Stone Tools From Zaskelna IX, Crimea: First Results 克里米亚Zaskelna IX石器微残留物分析:初步结果
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-03-23 DOI: 10.15407/arheologia2022.01.005
S. Ryzhov, V. Stepanchuk, Oleksandr Nezdolii, Denys O. Vietrov
The article presents the results of micro-residues study on the surface of stone tools from the lower, Acheulean layer of the cave site Zaskelna IX in the Crimea. Several recognised varieties of detected micro-residues oforganic and mineral origin are characterised. Likely traces of specific wear inherent on the soft handle areidentified. Pigment residues correlate with these traces. Micro-residues and use-wear indicate the possible wrapping of stone tools in the leather or plant substances with the help of adhesives containing ochre powder for safe and secure gripping in hand.
本文介绍了克里米亚Zaskelna IX洞穴遗址下部阿舍利层石器表面微残留物研究的结果。几个公认的品种检测到的微残留物有机和矿物来源的特征。识别出软柄上可能存在的特定磨损痕迹。颜料残留物与这些痕迹有关。微残留物和使用磨损表明,在含有赭石粉的粘合剂的帮助下,石制工具可能被包裹在皮革或植物物质中,以便在手握时安全可靠。
{"title":"Analysis of Micro-Residues on Stone Tools From Zaskelna IX, Crimea: First Results","authors":"S. Ryzhov, V. Stepanchuk, Oleksandr Nezdolii, Denys O. Vietrov","doi":"10.15407/arheologia2022.01.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/arheologia2022.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of micro-residues study on the surface of stone tools from the lower, Acheulean layer of the cave site Zaskelna IX in the Crimea. Several recognised varieties of detected micro-residues oforganic and mineral origin are characterised. Likely traces of specific wear inherent on the soft handle areidentified. Pigment residues correlate with these traces. Micro-residues and use-wear indicate the possible wrapping of stone tools in the leather or plant substances with the help of adhesives containing ochre powder for safe and secure gripping in hand.","PeriodicalId":37391,"journal":{"name":"Arheologia Moldovei","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80397293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Shells as a Costume Element of the Turkic-Ugric Population of the Saltiv Culture (Based on Materials from the Krasna Hirka Biritual Burial Ground) 贝壳作为萨尔提夫文化突厥-乌戈尔族人群的服饰元素(基于克拉斯那赫卡宗教墓地材料)
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-03-23 DOI: 10.15407/arheologia2022.01.101
V. Aksionov
In eight burials (seven inhumations and one cremation) of the Krasna Hirka burial ground in Kharkiv region, there were found the pendants made of sea shells of the mollusk «Cypraea moneta» (burials Nos. 53, 176, 180, 191, 195, 311) (figs. 1: 2, 19, 20; 2: 15, 32; 3: 11; 4: 19; 5: 9) and pendants made of the valves of river mollusks («Unió pictorum» or «Anodonta») (burials Nos. 53, 185, 309) (figs. 2: 16, 33, 34; 6: 23—29). The pendants were present in the child’s burials (burials Nos. 53, 180, 185, 191, 195, 309) and young women of childbearing age (burials Nos. 176, 311). The location of shells jewelry in the burials indicates that they were sewn on clothes and headwear (burial No. 309), they were a part of removable breast ornaments (burial No. 176) (fig. 5: 15), a handbag decoration that was hung to the belt (burial Nos. 185, 191, 311) (figs. 2: 17; 3: 1; 4: 1), also they were woven together with glass beads, bronze bells and bronze spiral beads into the braids of buried people (burials Nos. 53, 180, 195) (fig. 2: 1). The arrangement of the pendants in the burial No. 309 allows asserting that three pendants adorned the child’s cap, being sewn at the area of the temples and on the crown (fig. 7: 2). By the location of the beads, bronze beads, bells and four more pendants of mollusks shells (fig. 7: 1), it can be seen that the collar of the child’s clothes in the neck area was decorated with monochrome beads and small beads sewn on, and four shell pendants that were sewn onto the child’s clothes in the chest area (fig. 7: 3). Polychrome beads (eye-shaped and striped), together with cast bronze bells and bronze beads, were threaded into the child’s braids (fig. 7: 4). In the investigated burials, the shell pendants resembled protective amulets. The connection of these jewelry with the water element, their shape and colour (white/ pearl) indicate that they are related to the cult of the Moon and are a symbol of the Great Goddess — the mother/ progenitor of all living beings and the giver of all life’s blessings.
在哈尔科夫地区Krasna Hirka墓地的8个墓葬(7个土葬和1个火葬)中,发现了由软体动物“Cypraea moneta”的贝壳制成的吊坠(墓葬号为53、176、180、191、195和311)(图2)。1: 2,19,20;2:15, 32;3: 11;4: 19;5: 9)和河流软体动物(“Unió pictorum”或“Anodonta”)的阀门制成的吊坠(墓葬号53、185、309)(图。2: 16,33,34;6: 23-29)。这些吊坠出现在儿童(第53、180、185、191、195、309号墓葬)和育龄青年妇女(第176、311号墓葬)中。墓葬中贝壳首饰的位置表明,它们是缝制在衣服和头饰上的(第309号墓葬),它们是可拆卸的胸饰的一部分(第176号墓葬)(图5:15),一个挂在腰带上的手提包装饰(第185号墓葬,191号墓葬,311号墓葬)(图5)。2: 17;3: 1;4: 1),还与玻璃珠他们交织在一起,青铜铃铛和青铜螺旋珠子埋人的辫子(葬礼53号、180、195)(图2:1)。吊坠在葬礼的安排309号允许声称三个吊坠装饰孩子的帽子,被缝在寺庙的面积和皇冠(图7:2)。在珠子的位置,铜珠,铃声和四个软体动物贝壳吊坠(图7:1),可以看到,在颈部区域的孩子的衣服领子上绣有单色珠子和小珠子,在胸部区域的孩子的衣服上缝制了四个贝壳吊坠(图7:3)。多色珠子(眼形和条纹)与铸铜钟和青铜珠子一起被穿进孩子的辫子(图7:4)。在调查的墓葬中,贝壳吊坠类似于护身符。这些珠宝与水元素的联系,它们的形状和颜色(白色/珍珠)表明它们与月亮的崇拜有关,是伟大女神的象征-所有生物的母亲/祖先和所有生命祝福的给予者。
{"title":"Shells as a Costume Element of the Turkic-Ugric Population of the Saltiv Culture (Based on Materials from the Krasna Hirka Biritual Burial Ground)","authors":"V. Aksionov","doi":"10.15407/arheologia2022.01.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/arheologia2022.01.101","url":null,"abstract":"In eight burials (seven inhumations and one cremation) of the Krasna Hirka burial ground in Kharkiv region, there were found the pendants made of sea shells of the mollusk «Cypraea moneta» (burials Nos. 53, 176, 180, 191, 195, 311) (figs. 1: 2, 19, 20; 2: 15, 32; 3: 11; 4: 19; 5: 9) and pendants made of the valves of river mollusks («Unió pictorum» or «Anodonta») (burials Nos. 53, 185, 309) (figs. 2: 16, 33, 34; 6: 23—29). The pendants were present in the child’s burials (burials Nos. 53, 180, 185, 191, 195, 309) and young women of childbearing age (burials Nos. 176, 311). The location of shells jewelry in the burials indicates that they were sewn on clothes and headwear (burial No. 309), they were a part of removable breast ornaments (burial No. 176) (fig. 5: 15), a handbag decoration that was hung to the belt (burial Nos. 185, 191, 311) (figs. 2: 17; 3: 1; 4: 1), also they were woven together with glass beads, bronze bells and bronze spiral beads into the braids of buried people (burials Nos. 53, 180, 195) (fig. 2: 1). The arrangement of the pendants in the burial No. 309 allows asserting that three pendants adorned the child’s cap, being sewn at the area of the temples and on the crown (fig. 7: 2). By the location of the beads, bronze beads, bells and four more pendants of mollusks shells (fig. 7: 1), it can be seen that the collar of the child’s clothes in the neck area was decorated with monochrome beads and small beads sewn on, and four shell pendants that were sewn onto the child’s clothes in the chest area (fig. 7: 3). Polychrome beads (eye-shaped and striped), together with cast bronze bells and bronze beads, were threaded into the child’s braids (fig. 7: 4). In the investigated burials, the shell pendants resembled protective amulets. The connection of these jewelry with the water element, their shape and colour (white/ pearl) indicate that they are related to the cult of the Moon and are a symbol of the Great Goddess — the mother/ progenitor of all living beings and the giver of all life’s blessings.","PeriodicalId":37391,"journal":{"name":"Arheologia Moldovei","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80672624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
About One Debatable Question of Ukrainian History of the 14th Century 关于14世纪乌克兰历史的一个有争议的问题
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-03-23 DOI: 10.15407/arheologia2022.01.055
Heorhii Kozubowskyi
The major element of Mongolian epoch in the East Europe was obligation to pay a tribute — «vyhod». The historical consequences of the Koriatovych brothers’ rule from the end of the 40’s of the 14th century and the triumph of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania during the heading of the Lithuanian Prince Algirdas in the Syni Vody battle of the 1362 in Podolia have been examined. A conception has been argued according to which Podolian Principality at the time of the Koriatovych brothers’ rule was liberated from the Horde warriors. Based on the analysis of the documents, archaeological and numismatic sources a conception of the releasing on the great part of Podolian lands from the Golden Horde and stopping the tribute payment — «vyhod». Also, the terms «basqaq», «ataman», «toman», «gifts» and «commemoration» are discussed. The Koriatovych brothers’ rule on Podolian land and Syni Vody battle of the 1362 had led not only to the significant transformation of the tax-tribute system (Mongol tribute — «vyhod», «basqaqs» and etc.), but also had a great influence on the all processes in Central Ukraine and the Golden Horde in the second part of the 14th—15th centuries. Based on the analysis of the written and numismatic sources it is concluded that the equilateral heraldic shield with three beams on the first field and seven lilies on the second, on the Moldavian coins of Peter I Mușat (1375—1392) and Podolian coins of Koriatovych brothers’ of 1370—1380, there is a dynastic emblem of the Anjou family as a symbol of Hungarian kings of Louis the Hungarian (1342—1382) and Maria (1382—1387). However, these coins don’t have the Golden Horde symbols, as they were minted per sample of the European coins. The control of the trade routes in the Buh and Dnister rivers basins greatly reduced the economic resources of the Golden Horde and separate hordes of the Crimea, Western and Central Ukraine and Moldova. In the 14th century Kamianets and Smotrych were not only medieval capital towns of the Koriatovych brothers’, but also the most important centers on the international «tatar» trade route («Via Tatarica»). However, the most important routes functioned first of all between Galician and Podolian cites and also the Golden Horde centers in the Dnister and Southern Buh rivers basins.
蒙古时代在东欧的主要因素是有义务缴纳贡品-“vyhod”。从14世纪40年代末开始的科里亚托维奇兄弟的统治,以及立陶宛大公国在1362年立陶宛王子阿尔吉达斯率领下在波多利亚的西尼沃迪战役中取得的胜利,对这些历史后果进行了研究。有一种观点认为,在科里亚托维奇兄弟统治时期,波多利亚公国是从部落战士手中解放出来的。根据对文献、考古和钱币来源的分析,一个从金帐汗国手中释放大部分波多利亚土地并停止贡品支付的概念-“vyhod”。此外,还讨论了术语“basqaq”、“ataman”、“toman”、“gifts”和“memorial”。Koriatovych兄弟对Podolian土地的统治和1362年的Syni Vody战役不仅导致了税收-贡品制度的重大转变(蒙古贡品-“vyhod”,“basqaqs”等),而且对14 - 15世纪下半叶乌克兰中部和金帐汗国的所有进程产生了重大影响。根据对文字和钱币资料的分析,得出的结论是,彼得一世的摩尔多瓦硬币Mușat(1375-1392)和科里亚托维奇兄弟的波多利亚硬币(1370-1380)上的等边纹章盾牌上有三根横梁,第二根上有七朵百合花,是安若家族的王朝标志,作为匈牙利国王路易斯(1342-1382)和玛丽亚(1382-1387)的象征。然而,这些硬币没有金帐汗国的标志,因为它们是按欧洲硬币的样品铸造的。对布赫河和德涅斯特河流域贸易路线的控制大大减少了金帐汗国和克里米亚、乌克兰西部和中部以及摩尔多瓦的独立部落的经济资源。在14世纪,Kamianets和Smotrych不仅是Koriatovych兄弟的中世纪首都,也是国际鞑靼贸易路线(“Via Tatarica”)上最重要的中心。然而,最重要的路线首先是在加利西亚和波多利亚城市之间,以及在德尼斯特河和南布赫河流域的金帐汗国中心。
{"title":"About One Debatable Question of Ukrainian History of the 14th Century","authors":"Heorhii Kozubowskyi","doi":"10.15407/arheologia2022.01.055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/arheologia2022.01.055","url":null,"abstract":"The major element of Mongolian epoch in the East Europe was obligation to pay a tribute — «vyhod». The historical consequences of the Koriatovych brothers’ rule from the end of the 40’s of the 14th century and the triumph of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania during the heading of the Lithuanian Prince Algirdas in the Syni Vody battle of the 1362 in Podolia have been examined. A conception has been argued according to which Podolian Principality at the time of the Koriatovych brothers’ rule was liberated from the Horde warriors. Based on the analysis of the documents, archaeological and numismatic sources a conception of the releasing on the great part of Podolian lands from the Golden Horde and stopping the tribute payment — «vyhod». Also, the terms «basqaq», «ataman», «toman», «gifts» and «commemoration» are discussed. The Koriatovych brothers’ rule on Podolian land and Syni Vody battle of the 1362 had led not only to the significant transformation of the tax-tribute system (Mongol tribute — «vyhod», «basqaqs» and etc.), but also had a great influence on the all processes in Central Ukraine and the Golden Horde in the second part of the 14th—15th centuries. Based on the analysis of the written and numismatic sources it is concluded that the equilateral heraldic shield with three beams on the first field and seven lilies on the second, on the Moldavian coins of Peter I Mușat (1375—1392) and Podolian coins of Koriatovych brothers’ of 1370—1380, there is a dynastic emblem of the Anjou family as a symbol of Hungarian kings of Louis the Hungarian (1342—1382) and Maria (1382—1387). However, these coins don’t have the Golden Horde symbols, as they were minted per sample of the European coins. The control of the trade routes in the Buh and Dnister rivers basins greatly reduced the economic resources of the Golden Horde and separate hordes of the Crimea, Western and Central Ukraine and Moldova. In the 14th century Kamianets and Smotrych were not only medieval capital towns of the Koriatovych brothers’, but also the most important centers on the international «tatar» trade route («Via Tatarica»). However, the most important routes functioned first of all between Galician and Podolian cites and also the Golden Horde centers in the Dnister and Southern Buh rivers basins.","PeriodicalId":37391,"journal":{"name":"Arheologia Moldovei","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77495785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Arheologia Moldovei
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1