{"title":"Transforming institutions to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals after the pandemic, World Public Sector Report 2023","authors":"Dagmar Radin","doi":"10.3326/pse.48.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3326/pse.48.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37447,"journal":{"name":"Public Sector Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141364909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates the relationship between certain economic and psychological factors and demographic characteristics of Slovene taxpayers, such as gender, income level and size of settlement as it is becoming important for a country’s tax compliance framework to align with the tax recommendations of global institutions. The results show some gender differences, with males being less likely to feel guilty or bad if taxes are not paid in full than females, whereas females tend to have the opinion that working for cash-in-hand payment without paying tax is not a trivial offence. Taxpayers with low incomes tend to agree that tax evasion is morally acceptable if tax rates are too high. Taxpayers from rural settlements exhibit a higher tendency to feel morally obligated to pay their taxes than taxpayers from urban settlements. The findings indicate that the vast majority of taxpayers feel morally obligated to pay their taxes.
{"title":"Taxpayers' attitudes toward tax compliance in the Slovenian tax system: differences according to gender, income level and size of settlement","authors":"L. Hauptman, Berislav Žmuk, Ivana Pavić","doi":"10.3326/pse.48.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3326/pse.48.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the relationship between certain economic and psychological factors and demographic characteristics of Slovene taxpayers, such as gender, income level and size of settlement as it is becoming important for a country’s tax compliance framework to align with the tax recommendations of global institutions. The results show some gender differences, with males being less likely to feel guilty or bad if taxes are not paid in full than females, whereas females tend to have the opinion that working for cash-in-hand payment without paying tax is not a trivial offence. Taxpayers with low incomes tend to agree that tax evasion is morally acceptable if tax rates are too high. Taxpayers from rural settlements exhibit a higher tendency to feel morally obligated to pay their taxes than taxpayers from urban settlements. The findings indicate that the vast majority of taxpayers feel morally obligated to pay their taxes.","PeriodicalId":37447,"journal":{"name":"Public Sector Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141364140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study is to assess the technical efficiency of the use of investment resources allocated to municipalities in Cameroon. The data used come from the Special Inter-municipal Equipment and Intervention Fund (FEICOM), the National Participatory Development Programme (PNDP) and the Public Investment Budget (BIP), for the period 2010 to 2020, and the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. The results shows that the BIP counter has the highest efficiency score, at 1 for the whole period, while the scores of the FEICOM and PNDP windows are 0.896 and 0.857 respectively. Secondly, the pooling of resources from the different windows increases the efficiency score obtained, an average of 0.96 for the whole period, even if the new scores remain lower than those of BIP. These results, which highlight the good performance of the BIP window, justified by the significant learning effects from which this window benefits.
{"title":"Is the use of the investment resources allocated to municipalities in Cameroon efficient?","authors":"Sylvain Ngô Ndjang, Saturnin Bertrand Nguenda Anya, Fabrice Nzepang","doi":"10.3326/pse.48.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3326/pse.48.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to assess the technical efficiency of the use of investment resources allocated to municipalities in Cameroon. The data used come from the Special Inter-municipal Equipment and Intervention Fund (FEICOM), the National Participatory Development Programme (PNDP) and the Public Investment Budget (BIP), for the period 2010 to 2020, and the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. The results shows that the BIP counter has the highest efficiency score, at 1 for the whole period, while the scores of the FEICOM and PNDP windows are 0.896 and 0.857 respectively. Secondly, the pooling of resources from the different windows increases the efficiency score obtained, an average of 0.96 for the whole period, even if the new scores remain lower than those of BIP. These results, which highlight the good performance of the BIP window, justified by the significant learning effects from which this window benefits.","PeriodicalId":37447,"journal":{"name":"Public Sector Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141363765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study explores the determinants of unmet healthcare needs among older Euro-peans following the pandemic. Using data from the SHARE study involving 37,225 individuals aged 50 and above, we examine the barriers to healthcare access during the COVID-19 pandemic and the utilization of telemedicine. Approximately 15% of older adults reported unmet healthcare needs after the pandemic, while almost one in three utilized telemedicine during that period. Interestingly, those who used tele-health during the pandemic were more likely to report ongoing unmet healthcare needs. Persistent inequalities in healthcare access were observed for women, those living alone, individuals with financial challenges, and in poorer health. While tel - emedicine played an important role in enhancing healthcare access, its impact was limited, buffering only a part of unmet healthcare needs in the pandemic. Despite challenges in telemedicine adoption among older adults, it remains a promising tool for ensuring healthcare access in future emergencies.
{"title":"Perceived unmet healthcare needs among older Europeans in the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond: the telemedicine solution","authors":"Šime Smolić, Nikola Blaževski, M. Fabijančić","doi":"10.3326/pse.48.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3326/pse.48.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the determinants of unmet healthcare needs among older Euro-peans following the pandemic. Using data from the SHARE study involving 37,225 individuals aged 50 and above, we examine the barriers to healthcare access during the COVID-19 pandemic and the utilization of telemedicine. Approximately 15% of older adults reported unmet healthcare needs after the pandemic, while almost one in three utilized telemedicine during that period. Interestingly, those who used tele-health during the pandemic were more likely to report ongoing unmet healthcare needs. Persistent inequalities in healthcare access were observed for women, those living alone, individuals with financial challenges, and in poorer health. While tel - emedicine played an important role in enhancing healthcare access, its impact was limited, buffering only a part of unmet healthcare needs in the pandemic. Despite challenges in telemedicine adoption among older adults, it remains a promising tool for ensuring healthcare access in future emergencies.","PeriodicalId":37447,"journal":{"name":"Public Sector Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141362028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Globally, over the last few decades, countries have become increasingly decentralized but only recently did they recognize the need for incorporating a gender dimension into such policies. As a result, the relationship between fiscal decen - tralization, which implies delegating fiscal powers from national to subnational governments, and gender equality remains elusive. In this paper, I study the impact of expenditure decentralization on gender equality using panel data from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development – OECD countries between 2006 and 2021. I find that decentralization of expenditure increases gen - der equality in these countries. My results also demonstrate that unionization, the extent of a country’s integration with the rest of the world, urbanization, population growth, and the state of democracy also matter for gender equality. This suggests that these factors should also accompany expenditure decentralization if the governments of these countries want to further promote gender equality through such public policies.
{"title":"Fiscal decentralization and gender equality: empirical evidence across countries","authors":"Mustafa Rafat Zaman","doi":"10.3326/pse.48.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3326/pse.48.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, over the last few decades, countries have become increasingly decentralized but only recently did they recognize the need for incorporating a gender dimension into such policies. As a result, the relationship between fiscal decen - tralization, which implies delegating fiscal powers from national to subnational governments, and gender equality remains elusive. In this paper, I study the impact of expenditure decentralization on gender equality using panel data from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development – OECD countries between 2006 and 2021. I find that decentralization of expenditure increases gen - der equality in these countries. My results also demonstrate that unionization, the extent of a country’s integration with the rest of the world, urbanization, population growth, and the state of democracy also matter for gender equality. This suggests that these factors should also accompany expenditure decentralization if the governments of these countries want to further promote gender equality through such public policies.","PeriodicalId":37447,"journal":{"name":"Public Sector Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141364100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we use the results of a survey among Slovenian politicians in order to design an objective function for an optimal control problem with a macroe-conometric model for fiscal policy in Slovenia that takes account of policy makers’ preferences. The paper discusses three different scenarios in which the policy preferences revealed in interviews can be included in the objective functions of the control problems. These objective functions are then used to calculate optimal fiscal policies for the Slovenian economy until 2030. For this purpose, we utilise the macroeconometric model SLOPOL10 and the OPTCON2 algorithm. The results indicate qualitatively similar behaviour of the optimised dynamic system and a better performance (lower values of the loss due to deviation from “ideal” paths) from a ranking-based approach than from an ad-hoc assumption of policy makers’ preferences. We sketch how to integrate the approach in a decision-sup - port system for macroeconomic policy design.
{"title":"How can the preferences of policy makers be operationalised in optimum control problems with macroeconometric models? A case study for Slovenian fiscal policies","authors":"D. Blueschke, K. Weyerstrass, R. Neck","doi":"10.3326/pse.48.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3326/pse.48.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we use the results of a survey among Slovenian politicians in order to design an objective function for an optimal control problem with a macroe-conometric model for fiscal policy in Slovenia that takes account of policy makers’ preferences. The paper discusses three different scenarios in which the policy preferences revealed in interviews can be included in the objective functions of the control problems. These objective functions are then used to calculate optimal fiscal policies for the Slovenian economy until 2030. For this purpose, we utilise the macroeconometric model SLOPOL10 and the OPTCON2 algorithm. The results indicate qualitatively similar behaviour of the optimised dynamic system and a better performance (lower values of the loss due to deviation from “ideal” paths) from a ranking-based approach than from an ad-hoc assumption of policy makers’ preferences. We sketch how to integrate the approach in a decision-sup - port system for macroeconomic policy design.","PeriodicalId":37447,"journal":{"name":"Public Sector Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141360975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Potential investments of pension funds in long-term care for the elderly: the case of Croatia","authors":"Ljubica Meznaric, Ana Meznaric","doi":"10.3326/pse.48.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3326/pse.48.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"-","PeriodicalId":37447,"journal":{"name":"Public Sector Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140086754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Global climate change due to increasing CO 2 emissions threatens the development and survival of many countries, especially those on the coast. Intentional government spending by sectors can lower CO 2 emissions to help these countries in sustainable development. Meanwhile, governance has some importance in enabling governments to achieve their economic development goals. Does governance affect the public spending – CO 2 emissions nexus in developing economies? The paper seeks answers by employing the system GMM Arellano-Bond estimators to assess the impact of public spending, governance/institutional quality, and their interaction on CO 2 emissions for a sample of 109 developing economies between 2002 and 2021. The results seem counter-intuitive that public spending reduces and governance increases CO 2 emissions, while their interaction lowers them. Furthermore, private investment and economic growth promote CO 2 emissions, while trade openness decreases them. The findings in this paper provide some policy lessons for governments of developing economies to protect environment.
{"title":"Does governance contribute to the public spending - CO2 emissions nexus in developing economies? Policy lessons for sustainable development","authors":"Van Bon Nguyen","doi":"10.3326/pse.48.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3326/pse.48.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Global climate change due to increasing CO 2 emissions threatens the development and survival of many countries, especially those on the coast. Intentional government spending by sectors can lower CO 2 emissions to help these countries in sustainable development. Meanwhile, governance has some importance in enabling governments to achieve their economic development goals. Does governance affect the public spending – CO 2 emissions nexus in developing economies? The paper seeks answers by employing the system GMM Arellano-Bond estimators to assess the impact of public spending, governance/institutional quality, and their interaction on CO 2 emissions for a sample of 109 developing economies between 2002 and 2021. The results seem counter-intuitive that public spending reduces and governance increases CO 2 emissions, while their interaction lowers them. Furthermore, private investment and economic growth promote CO 2 emissions, while trade openness decreases them. The findings in this paper provide some policy lessons for governments of developing economies to protect environment.","PeriodicalId":37447,"journal":{"name":"Public Sector Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140090594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As healthcare costs continue to pose significant challenges for governments and policymakers, accurate forecasting of medical inflation has become crucial in the European Union. This study aims to provide insights into the trajectory of medical inflation within the EU using the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model and to check whether this model is an effective tool for predic - tions of medical inflation. The findings of the study have significant implications across various sectors. With accurate forecasts of medical inflation, policymakers can proactively address challenges, insurers can determine appropriate premiums and develop innovative models, and healthcare entities can allocate resources strategically to ensure financial stability and quality care.
{"title":"Forecasting medical inflation in the European Union using the ARIMA model","authors":"Enja Erker","doi":"10.3326/pse.48.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3326/pse.48.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"As healthcare costs continue to pose significant challenges for governments and policymakers, accurate forecasting of medical inflation has become crucial in the European Union. This study aims to provide insights into the trajectory of medical inflation within the EU using the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model and to check whether this model is an effective tool for predic - tions of medical inflation. The findings of the study have significant implications across various sectors. With accurate forecasts of medical inflation, policymakers can proactively address challenges, insurers can determine appropriate premiums and develop innovative models, and healthcare entities can allocate resources strategically to ensure financial stability and quality care.","PeriodicalId":37447,"journal":{"name":"Public Sector Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140089541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper aims to shed some light on the issue of euro-induced inflation in the case of the Croatian euro changeover. Applying the synthetic control method, we were unable to find unambiguous and robust evidence of such an impact on the aggregate level. Focusing on a wide array of products and services, we found no impact of the euro on most price subcategories except those related to food, clothes and restaurant prices. The findings for the latter two categories seem par - ticularly robust, surviving a battery of alternative specifications such as the gen - eralized synthetic control and matrix completion method. Placebo tests reveal considerable ambiguity vis-à-vis the exact timing of the euro effect on prices, probably reflecting the fact that Croatia had been a highly euroized economy years before the de iure changeover.
{"title":"The euro and inflation in Croatia: much ado about nothing?","authors":"Petar Sorić","doi":"10.3326/pse.48.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3326/pse.48.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to shed some light on the issue of euro-induced inflation in the case of the Croatian euro changeover. Applying the synthetic control method, we were unable to find unambiguous and robust evidence of such an impact on the aggregate level. Focusing on a wide array of products and services, we found no impact of the euro on most price subcategories except those related to food, clothes and restaurant prices. The findings for the latter two categories seem par - ticularly robust, surviving a battery of alternative specifications such as the gen - eralized synthetic control and matrix completion method. Placebo tests reveal considerable ambiguity vis-à-vis the exact timing of the euro effect on prices, probably reflecting the fact that Croatia had been a highly euroized economy years before the de iure changeover.","PeriodicalId":37447,"journal":{"name":"Public Sector Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140090060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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