Introduction: Myocardial ischemia is responsible for the deaths of millions of people every year. Cardiac hypoxia reduces the efficiency with which the heart muscle pumps blood. When one or more of the coronary arteries abruptly and severely narrows or closes off, this is known as an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Ischemia of the heart muscle can also cause potentially fatal arrhythmias. More information about this topic is required. Methods: The effects of SGLT-1 inhibition were studied using a different disease model, the cobalt chloride (CoCl2) hypoxia paradigm. The MTT assay was used to examine the effects of CoCl2 with and without Phlorizin (PZ) on glucose uptake, caspase activity, and metabolic/cytotoxic activities in SGLT-1 overexpressed H9C2 cells. Both SGLT-1 siRNA silencing and PZ treatment of SGLT-1 overexpressed neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were studied. Results and Discussion: Using flow cytometry, we were able to distinguish between metabolically active (PI-stained) and inactive (annexin-stained) live cells, as well as apoptotic (annexin-stained) and necrotic (PI-stained) cells. Caspase 3, 9, bcl-2, HIF-1a, and SGLT-1 expression, as well as oxidative stress, were examined using Western blotting. H9C2 cells showed increased caspase 3 and 9 activity in the CoCl2 group compared to the control, and these increases were further amplified by PZ cotreatment. PZ did not counteract CoCl2's effects of decreased glucose absorption and MTT activity. Conclusion: PZ increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis and decreased metabolic quiescent cells. PZ had no effect on the oxidative stress and necrosis that CoCl2 caused. CoCl2-induced SGLT-1 reduction leads to rapid apoptotic cell death.
{"title":"Apoptotic Cell Death in Cardiomyocytes Induced by Hypoxia from Cobalt Chloride Is Hastened by SGLT-1 Inhibition","authors":"Abhinav Kanwal, Lu Liu, Puneet Kumar Bansal, Hemant Kumar, Shailendra Pratap Singh","doi":"10.1089/aivt.2023.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/aivt.2023.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Myocardial ischemia is responsible for the deaths of millions of people every year. Cardiac hypoxia reduces the efficiency with which the heart muscle pumps blood. When one or more of the coronary arteries abruptly and severely narrows or closes off, this is known as an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Ischemia of the heart muscle can also cause potentially fatal arrhythmias. More information about this topic is required. Methods: The effects of SGLT-1 inhibition were studied using a different disease model, the cobalt chloride (CoCl2) hypoxia paradigm. The MTT assay was used to examine the effects of CoCl2 with and without Phlorizin (PZ) on glucose uptake, caspase activity, and metabolic/cytotoxic activities in SGLT-1 overexpressed H9C2 cells. Both SGLT-1 siRNA silencing and PZ treatment of SGLT-1 overexpressed neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were studied. Results and Discussion: Using flow cytometry, we were able to distinguish between metabolically active (PI-stained) and inactive (annexin-stained) live cells, as well as apoptotic (annexin-stained) and necrotic (PI-stained) cells. Caspase 3, 9, bcl-2, HIF-1a, and SGLT-1 expression, as well as oxidative stress, were examined using Western blotting. H9C2 cells showed increased caspase 3 and 9 activity in the CoCl2 group compared to the control, and these increases were further amplified by PZ cotreatment. PZ did not counteract CoCl2's effects of decreased glucose absorption and MTT activity. Conclusion: PZ increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis and decreased metabolic quiescent cells. PZ had no effect on the oxidative stress and necrosis that CoCl2 caused. CoCl2-induced SGLT-1 reduction leads to rapid apoptotic cell death.","PeriodicalId":37448,"journal":{"name":"Applied In Vitro Toxicology","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135388328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"PeakAUC: An R Shiny Application for Area Under the Peak Calculations and Nitric Oxide Analysis","authors":"Gregory Pappas, Andrew Gow","doi":"10.1089/aivt.2023.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/aivt.2023.0002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37448,"journal":{"name":"Applied In Vitro Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49000357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Weber, B. Birk, Varun Giri, S. Hoffmann, K. Renko, S. Coecke, S. Schneider, D. Funk-Weyer, R. Landsiedel
{"title":"Assessment of the Predictivity of DIO1-SK Assay to Investigate DIO1 Inhibition in Human Liver Microsomes","authors":"A. Weber, B. Birk, Varun Giri, S. Hoffmann, K. Renko, S. Coecke, S. Schneider, D. Funk-Weyer, R. Landsiedel","doi":"10.1089/aivt.2022.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/aivt.2022.0016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37448,"journal":{"name":"Applied In Vitro Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45490867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Borgström, B. Filippi, P. Hewitt, A. Wolf, M. Gebauer
{"title":"Expression Analysis of Exosomal MicroRNAs in Chlorpromazine Treated Human Hepatic Spheroids: A Promising Tool for Novel Drug-Induced Liver Injury Biomarker Discovery","authors":"A. Borgström, B. Filippi, P. Hewitt, A. Wolf, M. Gebauer","doi":"10.1089/aivt.2023.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/aivt.2023.0004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37448,"journal":{"name":"Applied In Vitro Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46859155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Pallavi, G. S. S. Nithindran, R.V. Ranjithvishal, N. S. Laavanyaa, C. Bhat, Prerana Banerjee, Aastha Choudhary, Vani Rajashekaraiah
{"title":"Influence of Uric Acid on Erythrocytes Subjected to H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress","authors":"M. Pallavi, G. S. S. Nithindran, R.V. Ranjithvishal, N. S. Laavanyaa, C. Bhat, Prerana Banerjee, Aastha Choudhary, Vani Rajashekaraiah","doi":"10.1089/aivt.2023.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/aivt.2023.0001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37448,"journal":{"name":"Applied In Vitro Toxicology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43987621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mark A Tapper, Jeffrey S Denny, Barbara R Sheedy, Ben Johnson, Richard C Kolanczyk
Perfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS) such as carboxylic acids, and sulfonic acids were manufactured in high quantities and are ubiquitous environmental contaminants. These chemicals persist in the environment and tend to bioaccumulate. In the current study, the estrogenic potential of a series of perfluoro carboxylic acids and select perfluoro sulfonic acids were assessed in an in vitro rainbow trout estrogen receptor (rtER) binding assay and an ex vivo rtER dependent vitellogenin (Vtg) expression rainbow trout liver slice assay. Perfluoro carboxylic acids with perfluoroalkyl chain lengths of four to six did not significantly bind to the rtER or induce Vtg expression in liver slices. Perfluoro carboxylic acids with chain lengths of seven to ten, and sulfonic acids with seven and eight carbon chains bound to the rtER, but with low relative binding affinities. While affinity for the rtER increased with increasing chain length the highest affinity measured was only 0.0025% relative to the endogenous hormone 17ß-estradiol at 100%. Both the eight-carbon carboxylic acid and eight-carbon sulfonic acid induced Vtg expression in ex vivo liver slices. However, toxicity did not allow expression to achieve maximum efficacy relative to estradiol.
{"title":"Estrogenic Activity of Perfluoro Carboxylic and Sulfonic Acids in Rainbow Trout Estrogen Receptor Binding and Liver Slice Vtg mRNA Expression Assays.","authors":"Mark A Tapper, Jeffrey S Denny, Barbara R Sheedy, Ben Johnson, Richard C Kolanczyk","doi":"10.1089/aivt.2022.0013","DOIUrl":"10.1089/aivt.2022.0013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Perfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS) such as carboxylic acids, and sulfonic acids were manufactured in high quantities and are ubiquitous environmental contaminants. These chemicals persist in the environment and tend to bioaccumulate. In the current study, the estrogenic potential of a series of perfluoro carboxylic acids and select perfluoro sulfonic acids were assessed in an <i>in vitro</i> rainbow trout estrogen receptor (rtER) binding assay and an <i>ex vivo</i> rtER dependent vitellogenin (Vtg) expression rainbow trout liver slice assay. Perfluoro carboxylic acids with perfluoroalkyl chain lengths of four to six did not significantly bind to the rtER or induce Vtg expression in liver slices. Perfluoro carboxylic acids with chain lengths of seven to ten, and sulfonic acids with seven and eight carbon chains bound to the rtER, but with low relative binding affinities. While affinity for the rtER increased with increasing chain length the highest affinity measured was only 0.0025% relative to the endogenous hormone 17ß-estradiol at 100%. Both the eight-carbon carboxylic acid and eight-carbon sulfonic acid induced Vtg expression in ex vivo liver slices. However, toxicity did not allow expression to achieve maximum efficacy relative to estradiol.</p>","PeriodicalId":37448,"journal":{"name":"Applied In Vitro Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"13-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11151740/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47285964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1089/aivt.2022.29032.ack
Applied In Vitro ToxicologyVol. 9, No. 1 AcknowledgmentFree AccessAcknowledgment of Reviewers 2022Published Online:17 Mar 2023https://doi.org/10.1089/aivt.2022.29032.ackAboutSectionsPDF/EPUB Permissions & CitationsPermissionsDownload CitationsTrack CitationsAdd to favorites Back To Publication ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Critical evaluations of articles by expert reviewers make a vital contribution to ensuring the high quality of a journal's content. The editorial leadership of Applied In Vitro Toxicology is very grateful for the support of the highly qualified peer reviewers who have dedicated their time and effort to reviewing our articles. We would like to show our appreciation by thanking the following individuals for their assistance with the review of articles for the journal in 2022.**Data through November 30, 2022.Raha AminiMarcelo ArboAnita BoelenChad DeisenrothEdvande dos Santos FilhoChantra EskesStephen FergusonLeonardo FranchiAnne GourmelonJosé GranjeiroRhiannon HardwickJulia HerbertHelena HogbergJian JiangAnne KahruHajime KojimaVirkas KumarGhislaine LacroixK. LeeDavid LehmannBrett LidburyLarissa Matuda MacedoShadab MdMartha MooreFiona MurphyClive RoperTimothy ShaferMaqsood A. SiddiquiDavid ThorneErwin van VlietRoman WieczorekFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 9Issue 1Mar 2023 InformationCopyright 2023, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishersTo cite this article:Acknowledgment of Reviewers 2022.Applied In Vitro Toxicology.Mar 2023.35-35.http://doi.org/10.1089/aivt.2022.29032.ackPublished in Volume: 9 Issue 1: March 17, 2023PDF download
{"title":"Acknowledgment of Reviewers 2022","authors":"","doi":"10.1089/aivt.2022.29032.ack","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/aivt.2022.29032.ack","url":null,"abstract":"Applied In Vitro ToxicologyVol. 9, No. 1 AcknowledgmentFree AccessAcknowledgment of Reviewers 2022Published Online:17 Mar 2023https://doi.org/10.1089/aivt.2022.29032.ackAboutSectionsPDF/EPUB Permissions & CitationsPermissionsDownload CitationsTrack CitationsAdd to favorites Back To Publication ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Critical evaluations of articles by expert reviewers make a vital contribution to ensuring the high quality of a journal's content. The editorial leadership of Applied In Vitro Toxicology is very grateful for the support of the highly qualified peer reviewers who have dedicated their time and effort to reviewing our articles. We would like to show our appreciation by thanking the following individuals for their assistance with the review of articles for the journal in 2022.**Data through November 30, 2022.Raha AminiMarcelo ArboAnita BoelenChad DeisenrothEdvande dos Santos FilhoChantra EskesStephen FergusonLeonardo FranchiAnne GourmelonJosé GranjeiroRhiannon HardwickJulia HerbertHelena HogbergJian JiangAnne KahruHajime KojimaVirkas KumarGhislaine LacroixK. LeeDavid LehmannBrett LidburyLarissa Matuda MacedoShadab MdMartha MooreFiona MurphyClive RoperTimothy ShaferMaqsood A. SiddiquiDavid ThorneErwin van VlietRoman WieczorekFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 9Issue 1Mar 2023 InformationCopyright 2023, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishersTo cite this article:Acknowledgment of Reviewers 2022.Applied In Vitro Toxicology.Mar 2023.35-35.http://doi.org/10.1089/aivt.2022.29032.ackPublished in Volume: 9 Issue 1: March 17, 2023PDF download","PeriodicalId":37448,"journal":{"name":"Applied In Vitro Toxicology","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135130907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1089/aivt.2023.29033.editorial
Andrew Gow
{"title":"Validation is the Key to Furthering In Vitro Toxicology","authors":"Andrew Gow","doi":"10.1089/aivt.2023.29033.editorial","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/aivt.2023.29033.editorial","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37448,"journal":{"name":"Applied In Vitro Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45528203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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