Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/23761199.2020.1867437
R. Mammadov
ABSTRACT The field of journalism in Azerbaijan is vastly understudied. Aiming to fill the major knowledge gap owing to the lack of any empirical data on Azerbaijan’s media, this is an attempt to systematically study the media environment in Azerbaijan. Through a national survey based on the larger frameworks of the Global Journalist (GJ) and the Worlds of Journalism (WoJ) projects this study constructs a demographic profile of journalists in Azerbaijan. We find that the overall picture of journalism in Azerbaijan is, in many ways, similar to the global averages (i.e. education, ethnic and religious affiliation with majority groups). However, even when the findings are similar between Azerbaijan and other countries, especially the “Western” countries with particular media systems, similar demographic characteristics can be due to a set of factors specific to Azerbaijani society.
{"title":"Portrait of an Azerbaijani journalist: unpaid, dissatisfied, but nevertheless passionate and committed","authors":"R. Mammadov","doi":"10.1080/23761199.2020.1867437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23761199.2020.1867437","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The field of journalism in Azerbaijan is vastly understudied. Aiming to fill the major knowledge gap owing to the lack of any empirical data on Azerbaijan’s media, this is an attempt to systematically study the media environment in Azerbaijan. Through a national survey based on the larger frameworks of the Global Journalist (GJ) and the Worlds of Journalism (WoJ) projects this study constructs a demographic profile of journalists in Azerbaijan. We find that the overall picture of journalism in Azerbaijan is, in many ways, similar to the global averages (i.e. education, ethnic and religious affiliation with majority groups). However, even when the findings are similar between Azerbaijan and other countries, especially the “Western” countries with particular media systems, similar demographic characteristics can be due to a set of factors specific to Azerbaijani society.","PeriodicalId":37506,"journal":{"name":"Caucasus Survey","volume":"9 1","pages":"60 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23761199.2020.1867437","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43462148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/23761199.2020.1871564
Lia Tsuladze
ABSTRACT This article discusses how shadow politics is enacted in Georgia with shadow actors setting the agenda from the political backstage. It conceptualizes acting “along with the state” as a novel form of informality, to describe a situation when state regulations are in place and shadow actors try to “correspond” to such regulations not through adapting their actions but making the state adapt to their needs via modifying formal rules. Such an enactment of shadow politics is demonstrated based on two recent environmental cases. The paper describes how, on the one hand, a shadow actor strategically uses his both visible and invisible power for informal land appropriation and construction, as well as the purchase and transportation of century-old trees, while on the other hand, authorities challenge environmental NGOs and activists resisting his “hobby” by politicizing their protest actions.
{"title":"A monocrat’s hobby and its power: on shadow politics in Georgia","authors":"Lia Tsuladze","doi":"10.1080/23761199.2020.1871564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23761199.2020.1871564","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article discusses how shadow politics is enacted in Georgia with shadow actors setting the agenda from the political backstage. It conceptualizes acting “along with the state” as a novel form of informality, to describe a situation when state regulations are in place and shadow actors try to “correspond” to such regulations not through adapting their actions but making the state adapt to their needs via modifying formal rules. Such an enactment of shadow politics is demonstrated based on two recent environmental cases. The paper describes how, on the one hand, a shadow actor strategically uses his both visible and invisible power for informal land appropriation and construction, as well as the purchase and transportation of century-old trees, while on the other hand, authorities challenge environmental NGOs and activists resisting his “hobby” by politicizing their protest actions.","PeriodicalId":37506,"journal":{"name":"Caucasus Survey","volume":"9 1","pages":"42 - 59"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23761199.2020.1871564","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47210222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-24DOI: 10.1080/23761199.2020.1848332
A. Fawaz
{"title":"Sharīʿa in the Russian Empire: the reach and limits of Islamic law in Central Eurasia, 1550-1917","authors":"A. Fawaz","doi":"10.1080/23761199.2020.1848332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23761199.2020.1848332","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37506,"journal":{"name":"Caucasus Survey","volume":"9 1","pages":"89 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23761199.2020.1848332","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42423106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1080/23761199.2020.1809808
Ingilab Shahbazov, Zaur Afandiyev
ABSTRACT Despite being a post-conflict society, Azerbaijan now enjoys relatively low levels of gun crime and firearm ownership. Adopting a data triangulation approach, this study explored the attitude of the self-select sample (n = 589) in Azerbaijan on guns and gun laws regulating the acquisition of guns, in addition to qualitative interviews. The majority of the participants were content with the current restrictive gun control policies and legislation. Firearms were viewed mostly as an instrument for hunting and self-defence. Qualitative interviews among experts and respondents with experience of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict (n = 19) largely supplemented the findings obtained through the online survey and provided in-depth insights into the meanings attached to firearms. This explorative study contributes to our understanding of the gunscape in the post-communist and post-conflict society that does not suffer from a gun epidemic. From a comparative perspective, the perceptions of Azerbaijani respondents indicate the absence of “conflict mentality” observed in some other conflict-stricken regions, as well as an extremely limited degree of cultural acceptance of guns as honourable and symbolic items to possess.
{"title":"An explorative analysis of the perception of guns and gun laws in Azerbaijan using a mixed-methods approach","authors":"Ingilab Shahbazov, Zaur Afandiyev","doi":"10.1080/23761199.2020.1809808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23761199.2020.1809808","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Despite being a post-conflict society, Azerbaijan now enjoys relatively low levels of gun crime and firearm ownership. Adopting a data triangulation approach, this study explored the attitude of the self-select sample (n = 589) in Azerbaijan on guns and gun laws regulating the acquisition of guns, in addition to qualitative interviews. The majority of the participants were content with the current restrictive gun control policies and legislation. Firearms were viewed mostly as an instrument for hunting and self-defence. Qualitative interviews among experts and respondents with experience of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict (n = 19) largely supplemented the findings obtained through the online survey and provided in-depth insights into the meanings attached to firearms. This explorative study contributes to our understanding of the gunscape in the post-communist and post-conflict society that does not suffer from a gun epidemic. From a comparative perspective, the perceptions of Azerbaijani respondents indicate the absence of “conflict mentality” observed in some other conflict-stricken regions, as well as an extremely limited degree of cultural acceptance of guns as honourable and symbolic items to possess.","PeriodicalId":37506,"journal":{"name":"Caucasus Survey","volume":"8 1","pages":"219 - 238"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23761199.2020.1809808","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44210762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-21DOI: 10.1080/23761199.2020.1805554
A. Weiß
{"title":"Georgien zwischen Eigenstaatlichkeit und russischer Okkupation. Die Wurzeln des russisch-georgischen Konflikts vom 18. Jahrhundert bis zum Ende der ersten georgischen Republik (1921)","authors":"A. Weiß","doi":"10.1080/23761199.2020.1805554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23761199.2020.1805554","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37506,"journal":{"name":"Caucasus Survey","volume":"9 1","pages":"84 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23761199.2020.1805554","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41576145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-06DOI: 10.1080/23761199.2020.1783619
Vassily Klimentov, Gražvydas Jasutis
ABSTRACT Insurgents in the North Caucasus switched from the al-Qaeda-affiliated Imarat Kavkaz to the Islamic State after 2014. Although this transition was partially the result of Imarat Kavkaz’s military defeat, it has also settled two decades of tension over ideology. It signalled the victory of Salafi-jihadism over a nationally rooted (radical) Islamism and led to a break between the insurgents and the Caucasian context. This de-territorialization of grievances for the war has in turn increased the threat of radical Islamist violence for Russia.
{"title":"The Allure of Jihad: the de-territorialization of the war in the North Caucasus","authors":"Vassily Klimentov, Gražvydas Jasutis","doi":"10.1080/23761199.2020.1783619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23761199.2020.1783619","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Insurgents in the North Caucasus switched from the al-Qaeda-affiliated Imarat Kavkaz to the Islamic State after 2014. Although this transition was partially the result of Imarat Kavkaz’s military defeat, it has also settled two decades of tension over ideology. It signalled the victory of Salafi-jihadism over a nationally rooted (radical) Islamism and led to a break between the insurgents and the Caucasian context. This de-territorialization of grievances for the war has in turn increased the threat of radical Islamist violence for Russia.","PeriodicalId":37506,"journal":{"name":"Caucasus Survey","volume":"8 1","pages":"239 - 257"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23761199.2020.1783619","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45525373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-22DOI: 10.1080/23761199.2020.1775388
Kamala Imranli-Lowe
ABSTRACT This extended article presents an outline of the medieval and early modern history of the Caucasus based on a comparative analysis of a variety of local and international academic and other sources. It examines various local polities and their relationship with more powerful neighbours and other states, whose vassals or spheres of influence they were in or parts of. The article aims to elucidate the complexities of the Caucasus’ history which continue to affect political, societal and cultural trajectories of its ethnically and religiously diverse peoples.
{"title":"The polities of the Caucasus and the regional powers in the medieval and early modern period","authors":"Kamala Imranli-Lowe","doi":"10.1080/23761199.2020.1775388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23761199.2020.1775388","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This extended article presents an outline of the medieval and early modern history of the Caucasus based on a comparative analysis of a variety of local and international academic and other sources. It examines various local polities and their relationship with more powerful neighbours and other states, whose vassals or spheres of influence they were in or parts of. The article aims to elucidate the complexities of the Caucasus’ history which continue to affect political, societal and cultural trajectories of its ethnically and religiously diverse peoples.","PeriodicalId":37506,"journal":{"name":"Caucasus Survey","volume":"8 1","pages":"258 - 277"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23761199.2020.1775388","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60112701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-11DOI: 10.1080/23761199.2020.1774856
A. Bayramov
ABSTRACT This article critically reviews the New Great Game image of the Caspian Sea region and the assumptions, concepts, and mechanisms (revolving around actors, aims, and motivations) this image is based on. More specifically, this review essay answers the following questions: How does the academic literature interpret the impact of competition between great powers on social, political and economic developments in the Caspian Sea region? Which actors are presented as the dominant players? The essay also introduces the existing criticism of the New Great Game concept and alternatives to it that have already been put forward. By identifying the gaps and limits of existing scholarship, this article offers new avenues for alternative theoretical and empirical interpretations. More specifically, this article argues that the New Great Game literature promotes unsystematic and shallow discussion as it ignores and misunderstands historical, material, political, economic, and normative differences in the Caspian Sea region. Within this discussion, actors, interests, identities, social contexts, and principles are taken to be fixed, i.e. not prone to change or to any sort of adjustment.
{"title":"Conflict, cooperation or competition in the Caspian Sea region: A critical review of the New Great Game paradigm","authors":"A. Bayramov","doi":"10.1080/23761199.2020.1774856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23761199.2020.1774856","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article critically reviews the New Great Game image of the Caspian Sea region and the assumptions, concepts, and mechanisms (revolving around actors, aims, and motivations) this image is based on. More specifically, this review essay answers the following questions: How does the academic literature interpret the impact of competition between great powers on social, political and economic developments in the Caspian Sea region? Which actors are presented as the dominant players? The essay also introduces the existing criticism of the New Great Game concept and alternatives to it that have already been put forward. By identifying the gaps and limits of existing scholarship, this article offers new avenues for alternative theoretical and empirical interpretations. More specifically, this article argues that the New Great Game literature promotes unsystematic and shallow discussion as it ignores and misunderstands historical, material, political, economic, and normative differences in the Caspian Sea region. Within this discussion, actors, interests, identities, social contexts, and principles are taken to be fixed, i.e. not prone to change or to any sort of adjustment.","PeriodicalId":37506,"journal":{"name":"Caucasus Survey","volume":"9 1","pages":"1 - 20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23761199.2020.1774856","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48420152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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