Abstract The kingdom of Tonga known as the Friendly Islands is a bilingual country where the official languages are Tongan (lea faka-Tonga) and English (lea faka-Pilitānia). In a bilingual environment like Tonga, the ability to translate effectively between the two languages is a fundamental skill to communicate well and to achieve academic success. The main focus of this article is to approach translation through a sociocultural lens, and more specifically, through a Tongan-inspired tāvāist perspective: 'Okusitino's Māhina's Tā‐Vā ('Time‐Space') Theory of Reality. This theory has influenced a range of practices from many disciplines and social activities, such as translation. Theorizing translation in and across Tā ('time') and Vā ('space') informs the relationships between languages, cultures and educational backgrounds in the transmission of 'ilo ('knowledge') and poto ('skills') among all members of the society. In exploring the theory this article will consider two translation case studies of English to Tongan literature: Lewis Carroll's Alice in Wonderland (1865) and Antoine de Saint-Exupéry's The Little Prince (1943).
{"title":"Tongan translation realities across Tā ('Time') and Vā ('Space')","authors":"Telesia Kalavite","doi":"10.1386/nzps_00004_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/nzps_00004_1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The kingdom of Tonga known as the Friendly Islands is a bilingual country where the official languages are Tongan (lea faka-Tonga) and English (lea faka-Pilitānia). In a bilingual environment like Tonga, the ability to translate effectively between\u0000 the two languages is a fundamental skill to communicate well and to achieve academic success. The main focus of this article is to approach translation through a sociocultural lens, and more specifically, through a Tongan-inspired tāvāist perspective: 'Okusitino's Māhina's\u0000 Tā‐Vā ('Time‐Space') Theory of Reality. This theory has influenced a range of practices from many disciplines and social activities, such as translation. Theorizing translation in and across Tā ('time') and Vā ('space') informs the\u0000 relationships between languages, cultures and educational backgrounds in the transmission of 'ilo ('knowledge') and poto ('skills') among all members of the society. In exploring the theory this article will consider two translation case studies of English to Tongan literature:\u0000 Lewis Carroll's Alice in Wonderland (1865) and Antoine de Saint-Exupéry's The Little Prince (1943).","PeriodicalId":37507,"journal":{"name":"Journal of New Zealand and Pacific Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48473644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. S. More, M. Kasture, P. B. Vanave, A. Mukherjee
Phosphorus (P) is generally incorporated by plants through the root system from soil solution as orthophosphates, chiefly H2PO4 and HPO4 2, the latter to a somewhat lesser degree. As this depends on several innate factors, the precise recovery following an initial application of P-fertilizer can get affected. As stated by [1], the lowest concentration of P which the soil P content can get reduced to at the rhizosphere of terrestrial plants is around 1 μM. Since roots in the rhizosphere only exploit about 25 % of the topsoil, the P-contents there needs to be replenished often through fertilization to meet the nutritional demands of crops cultivated in such soils, as was observed by [2]. Nutrients acquisition by plant roots follows two different paths [3] mass flow (depends largely on the rate of water flow through the roots) and diffusion (the main process of nutrient mobilization across a concentration gradient). Diffusion depends on the absorption capability of the roots, creating a sink to which nutrient can get pooled [4] and even this process is heavily reliant upon the soil characteristics in addition to plant metabolism [5]. A sub-continental country like India is bestowed with a diverse array of soil types which is largely responsible for the plethora of agricultural produce obtained. At the same time phosphorus availability is limited (around 50%) in majority of the arable soil types found in India due to the P-fixation (as well as buffering) capacity of the various soils, none more so than in acidic soil, (mostly resultant of leaching of base forming cations) which incidentally dominates the global cultivable lands and is a matter of great concern due to its adverse effect on crop productivity [6]. Red (or omnibus group) and lateritic soils occupy an area of about 3.5 lakh sq. Km and 2.48 lakh sq. Km (1 lakh = 100,000) respectively, accounting for more than 26 % of the total arable land area (1.597 million sq. Km) of India. Productivity of these soils is usually low because of their clastic crystalline origin, sandy texture, moderate to high porosity, low organic matter content, low cation exchange capacity (CEC), low water retention and acidic products in reaction as well as inadequacy of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), along with the presence of some micronutrients in toxic concentrations [7]. Abstract Phosphorus (P) is almost never found in elemental state owing to its highly reactive nature. It is available at a concentration of about 1000 mg per Kilogram in the Earth’s crust. Various soil types such as acidic, lateritic, calcareous etc are characteristically low in bioavailable phosphorus due to their veritable P-fixation rates. At the same time it also is quintessential to living organisms, being a structural component of nucleic acids and ATP as well as aiding in many physiological and biochemical processes. Hence, an adequate supply of phosphorus in the soil and water is required to sustain life on earth. Phosphor
{"title":"Review Article","authors":"S. S. More, M. Kasture, P. B. Vanave, A. Mukherjee","doi":"10.1386/nzps_00009_4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/nzps_00009_4","url":null,"abstract":"Phosphorus (P) is generally incorporated by plants through the root system from soil solution as orthophosphates, chiefly H2PO4 and HPO4 2, the latter to a somewhat lesser degree. As this depends on several innate factors, the precise recovery following an initial application of P-fertilizer can get affected. As stated by [1], the lowest concentration of P which the soil P content can get reduced to at the rhizosphere of terrestrial plants is around 1 μM. Since roots in the rhizosphere only exploit about 25 % of the topsoil, the P-contents there needs to be replenished often through fertilization to meet the nutritional demands of crops cultivated in such soils, as was observed by [2]. Nutrients acquisition by plant roots follows two different paths [3] mass flow (depends largely on the rate of water flow through the roots) and diffusion (the main process of nutrient mobilization across a concentration gradient). Diffusion depends on the absorption capability of the roots, creating a sink to which nutrient can get pooled [4] and even this process is heavily reliant upon the soil characteristics in addition to plant metabolism [5]. A sub-continental country like India is bestowed with a diverse array of soil types which is largely responsible for the plethora of agricultural produce obtained. At the same time phosphorus availability is limited (around 50%) in majority of the arable soil types found in India due to the P-fixation (as well as buffering) capacity of the various soils, none more so than in acidic soil, (mostly resultant of leaching of base forming cations) which incidentally dominates the global cultivable lands and is a matter of great concern due to its adverse effect on crop productivity [6]. Red (or omnibus group) and lateritic soils occupy an area of about 3.5 lakh sq. Km and 2.48 lakh sq. Km (1 lakh = 100,000) respectively, accounting for more than 26 % of the total arable land area (1.597 million sq. Km) of India. Productivity of these soils is usually low because of their clastic crystalline origin, sandy texture, moderate to high porosity, low organic matter content, low cation exchange capacity (CEC), low water retention and acidic products in reaction as well as inadequacy of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), along with the presence of some micronutrients in toxic concentrations [7]. Abstract Phosphorus (P) is almost never found in elemental state owing to its highly reactive nature. It is available at a concentration of about 1000 mg per Kilogram in the Earth’s crust. Various soil types such as acidic, lateritic, calcareous etc are characteristically low in bioavailable phosphorus due to their veritable P-fixation rates. At the same time it also is quintessential to living organisms, being a structural component of nucleic acids and ATP as well as aiding in many physiological and biochemical processes. Hence, an adequate supply of phosphorus in the soil and water is required to sustain life on earth. Phosphor","PeriodicalId":37507,"journal":{"name":"Journal of New Zealand and Pacific Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44608844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reviews","authors":"Linda Bryder","doi":"10.1386/nzps.7.1.95_5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/nzps.7.1.95_5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37507,"journal":{"name":"Journal of New Zealand and Pacific Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41407663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Waving the flag, anchoring the shot: The National Film Unit’s colonizing optic in Showing the Flag... H.M.N.Z.S. “Arbutus” in Pacific (1947)","authors":"Simon Sigley","doi":"10.1386/NZPS.7.1.33_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/NZPS.7.1.33_1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37507,"journal":{"name":"Journal of New Zealand and Pacific Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48182600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Special issue: Visual culture","authors":"I. Conrich, L. Sedgwick","doi":"10.1386/NZPS.7.1.3_2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/NZPS.7.1.3_2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37507,"journal":{"name":"Journal of New Zealand and Pacific Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1386/NZPS.7.1.3_2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44478542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A portrait that asks questions: John Dempsey’s 1828 painting John Rutherford, the Tattooed Englishman","authors":"L. Bell","doi":"10.1386/NZPS.7.1.7_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/NZPS.7.1.7_1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37507,"journal":{"name":"Journal of New Zealand and Pacific Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43255890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"jane says, an exhibition of works by Ann Shelton","authors":"A. White","doi":"10.1386/NZPS.7.1.81_7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/NZPS.7.1.81_7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37507,"journal":{"name":"Journal of New Zealand and Pacific Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47782817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The representation of the New Guinea tree house in the historical popular medium of the trade card","authors":"Hermann Mückler","doi":"10.1386/NZPS.7.1.19_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/NZPS.7.1.19_1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37507,"journal":{"name":"Journal of New Zealand and Pacific Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1386/NZPS.7.1.19_1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42579768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Deterritorialization and the landscape of New Zealand video games","authors":"D. Callahan","doi":"10.1386/NZPS.7.1.63_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/NZPS.7.1.63_1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37507,"journal":{"name":"Journal of New Zealand and Pacific Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47642579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Superfauna and superheroes: Re-imagining New Zealand and the Pacific in the impossible worlds of comic books","authors":"I. Conrich","doi":"10.1386/NZPS.7.1.47_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/NZPS.7.1.47_1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37507,"journal":{"name":"Journal of New Zealand and Pacific Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43295818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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