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‘A whole new world …’: Exploring transcarceral habitus and women's transition from a closed to an open prison 一个全新的世界......":探索跨胴体习性与女性从封闭监狱到开放监狱的转变
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.1111/hojo.12547
Sarah Waite

This article examines women's experiences of moving from a closed to an open prison in England. Transition to an open prison is often viewed in a positive, reformist light and although androcentric auto-ethnographical work has demonstrated challenges associated with this pivot when serving a long-term sentence, much less is known about the experiences of women. Using interview discussions, this article draws upon the concept of transcarceral habitus to examine experiences of transfer and adaptation to the open prison within the broader context of the lives of criminalised women. By extending our understanding of the women's open prison as a site of punishment and recognising the connections and pluralities of women's carceral experiences, this article seeks to disrupt unhelpful binaries that legitimise the incarceration of women and the open prison estate.

本文探讨了英国女性从封闭式监狱转入开放式监狱的经历。虽然以男性为中心的自传体研究已经证明了长期服刑人员在转监过程中面临的挑战,但人们对女性的转监经历却知之甚少。通过访谈讨论,本文借鉴了 "跨胴体习性"(transcarceral habitus)的概念,从犯罪女性生活的更广阔背景出发,考察了她们转入和适应开放式监狱的经历。通过扩展我们对作为惩罚场所的女子开放式监狱的理解,并认识到妇女监禁经历的关联性和多元性,本文试图打破将妇女监禁和开放式监狱合法化的无益的二元对立。
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引用次数: 0
Criminal disenfranchisement: Developments in, and lessons from, Scotland 刑事剥夺公民权:苏格兰的发展和经验教训
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-23 DOI: 10.1111/hojo.12546
Cara L. C. Hunter, Fergus McNeill, Milena Tripkovic

This article explores both the reasons for, and the potential impact of, the current level of disenfranchisement in Scotland. First, we scrutinise Scottish legal provisions for their compatibility with the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR)’s jurisprudence, which require disenfranchisement's aims to be clarified and delimited. Second, we examine where disenfranchisement sits within the wider context of Scottish penal values, and what principles underlie its imposition. Finally, we turn to a discussion of whether and how dis/enfranchisement aligns with the Scottish Government's commitments to the rehabilitation and reintegration of people who have been in prison, and to related empirical evidence about desistance from crime. The limited enfranchisement of prisoners established by the Scottish Government in 2020 avoided these core questions and this article aims to help address this neglect and to open up dialogue on these issues.

本文探讨了苏格兰当前剥夺公民权程度的原因及其潜在影响。首先,我们仔细研究了苏格兰的法律规定是否符合欧洲人权法院(ECtHR)的判例,欧洲人权法院的判例要求对剥夺公民权的目的进行澄清和界定。其次,我们研究了剥夺公民权在苏格兰刑法价值观大背景下的定位,以及实施剥夺公民权的原则。最后,我们将讨论剥夺/取消选举权是否以及如何与苏格兰政府对曾入狱者的改造和重新融入社会的承诺相一致,并讨论有关不再犯罪的相关经验证据。苏格兰政府于2020年确立的对囚犯的有限选举权回避了这些核心问题,本文旨在帮助解决这种忽视,并就这些问题展开对话。
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引用次数: 0
Punished and banished: Non-citizen women's experiences in a Danish prison 惩罚与放逐:非公民妇女在丹麦监狱中的经历
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-27 DOI: 10.1111/hojo.12544
Dorina Damsa

The Nordics have employed discourses of gender equality and women's rights and a welfare-oriented approach to punishment as integral parts of inclusive welfare states and their ‘goodness’. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork with non-citizen women at Vestre Prison in Denmark, this article suggests that the will to punish and banish prevails over the state's commitment to women's rights and protection. Rather than being an inherent feature of incarceration, the pain experienced by non-citizen women in prison is a ‘political statement’ (Bosworth, 2023). Employing precarisation, incarceration and deportation to govern unwanted non-citizens and (re)produce the borders of membership, the Danish state also reproduces the conditions for gendered harm. Bordered penality, this article concludes, is gendered.

北欧国家将性别平等和妇女权利的论述以及以福利为导向的惩罚方法作为包容性福利国家及其 "善 "的组成部分。本文通过对丹麦 Vestre 监狱非公民妇女的人种学实地调查,指出惩罚和驱逐的意愿压倒了国家对妇女权利和保护的承诺。非公民女性在监狱中经历的痛苦不是监禁的固有特征,而是一种 "政治声明"(Bosworth,2023 年)。丹麦国家利用监禁前化、监禁和递解出境来管理不受欢迎的非公民,并(重新)制造公民身份的边界,这也为性别伤害创造了条件。本文的结论是,边界刑罚是性别化的。
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引用次数: 0
Can lowering the minimum age of criminal responsibility be justified? A critical review of China's recent amendment 降低最低刑事责任年龄是否合理?对中国近期修正案的批判性评述
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-25 DOI: 10.1111/hojo.12543
Aaron H. L. Wong

In 2021, China amended its law on the minimum age of criminal responsibility (MACR), lowering the MACR of two specified offences to twelve years. As a result, China now has three different levels of MACR for different offences. Based on the position in China, this article argues that while lowering the MACR against the international trend can be justified as a necessary measure to tackle serious crimes committed by children, creating different levels of MACR based on the types of crime is wrong in principle. This article further considers the classic dilemma in setting an absolute MACR, which results in either freeing the guilty or convicting the innocent. It is argued that setting a relatively low MACR accompanied by robust safeguards of doli incapax, child immaturity defence, diversion and wider sentencing options would allow a better assessment of children's culpability and better serve the interests of justice. It is also suggested that lowering the MACR will not unjustifiably undermine children's rights if the juvenile justice system could ensure only those truly culpable could be convicted and that the option of prosecution is reserved as a last resort.

2021 年,中国修订了刑事责任最低年龄法(MACR),将两种特定罪行的刑事责任最低年龄降至 12 岁。因此,中国现在对不同的罪行规定了三种不同级别的最低刑事责任年龄。基于中国的情况,本文认为,尽管逆国际趋势降低最低刑事责任年龄作为应对儿童所犯严重罪行的必要措施是合理的,但根据犯罪类型设立不同级别的最低刑事责任年龄原则上是错误的。本文进一步探讨了设定绝对最低刑事责任年龄的典型两难问题,其结果是要么释放有罪者,要么将无辜者定罪。文章认为,设定一个相对较低的最低刑事责任年龄,并辅以有力的无行为能力辩护、儿童不成熟辩护、转送教改机构和更广泛的量刑选择等保障措施,可以更好地评估儿童的罪责,更有利于司法公正。还有人建议,如果少年司法系统能够确保只有那些真正有罪的人才能被定罪,并将起诉作为最后的选择,那么降低最低刑事责任年龄就不会毫无道理地损害儿童的权利。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the influence of job demands and resources on organisational justice views in a sample of correctional staff 探讨工作要求和资源对惩教人员组织公正观的影响
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-23 DOI: 10.1111/hojo.12542
Eric G. Lambert, Monica Solinas-Saunders, Nancy L. Hogan

This study examined the influence of job demands (role ambiguity, role conflict, role overload and dangerousness) and job resources (job variety, supervisor structure and training views) on employee perceptions of procedural justice, general perceptions of distributive justice, and specific perceptions of distributive justice. Using a sample of 160 employees at a high-security prison, the regression analyses found that only demands of role conflict was inversely correlated with procedural justice and both distributive justice measures. Role ambiguity was inversely related to procedural but was not related to either dimension of distributive justice. Furthermore, dangerousness was inversely associated with distributive justice (both general and specific), but it was not correlated with procedural justice. Among the job resources, job variety was positively associated with procedural and both distributive justice measures. Supervisor structure was predictive of procedural but not distributive justice. Role overload, and training views had non-significant relationships with all the justice measures.

本研究探讨了工作要求(角色模糊性、角色冲突、角色超负荷和危险性)和工作资源(工作多样性、主管结构和培训观点)对员工程序公正感、分配公正感和分配公正感的影响。回归分析以一所高度戒备监狱的 160 名员工为样本,发现只有对角色冲突的要求与程序公正和两种分配公正的衡量标准成反比。角色模糊性与程序公正成反比,但与分配公正的任何一个维度都无关。此外,危险性与分配公正(包括一般公正和特殊公正)成反比,但与程序公正无关。在工作资源中,工作多样性与程序公正和分配公正呈正相关。上司结构可以预测程序公正,但不能预测分配公正。角色超负荷和培训观点与所有公正性指标的关系都不显著。
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引用次数: 0
The insanity defence: International and comparative perspectives By R. Mackay, W. Brookbanks (Ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2022. pp. 416. £90.00 (hbk). ISBN: 9780198854944 《精神错乱辩护:国际和比较视角》,作者:R.Mackay,W.Brookbanks(编辑),牛津:牛津大学出版社2022,第416页。90.00英镑(hbk)。ISBN:9780198854944
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-11 DOI: 10.1111/hojo.12539
Helen Howard

Highly criticised and widely discussed, there is a general consensus that the defence is in dire need of reform: from its stigmatic title to the narrow interpretations of both limbs of the Rules, it is a rarely used and outdated defence. Despite the vast amount of commentary on this topic, The insanity defence: International and comparative perspectives, part of the Oxford Monographs on Criminal Law and Justice series, provides a fresh outlook on this defence, collating internationally renowned experts and a diverse range of jurisdictions into one edited collection.

The book aims to explore the insanity defence in other jurisdictions and to ‘point the way to a balanced assessment of how the insanity defence might be altered and improved’ (p.369). Both of these aims are, in my view, achieved. The breadth of jurisdictions covered within this collection provides the reader with a variety of alternative interpretations or possible amendments to the M'Naghten Rules, as well as cautioning against directions in which the defence ought not to go.

The insanity defence begins with a critique of the M'Naghten Rules in England and Wales and an exploration of reform proposals, subsequently moving on to address other common law jurisdictions, including: Scotland, New Zealand, Canada and the United States. Beyond this, four civil law jurisdictions are covered: France, Germany, the Netherlands and Norway, before consideration is made of the insanity defence in China and under international criminal law.

Of the civil law jurisdictions, Meynen, in Chapter 12, suggests that the open criterion set out in the Dutch Criminal Code creates the potential for ‘disparity’ (p.285), of which we should take heed. The tragic mass killing by Anders Breivik in Norway triggered a move away in that country from what was arguably a successful medicalised model of the insanity defence, demonstrating the dangers of ‘knee-jerk’ legislation in the wake of tragedy. It is hoped that Gröning's suggestion that the move is less significant than initially suspected proves to be correct (p.314).

Key themes emerging from this collection concern the ubiquity of the M'Naghten Rules, versions of which are still used, albeit more flexibly, in many jurisdictions. Ireland, for example, has an additional volitional element. The Canadian Supreme Court has a ‘pragmatic and somewhat chameleon interpretation of the Rules (p.122), while Australia seems to offer ‘an incoherent patchwork of inconsistent provisions’ (p.196), many of which also reflect the Rules. Even Article 31(1)(a) of the Rome Statute ‘evokes’ the Rules (p.344), despite the International Criminal Court having no accepted procedure for detention in the highly unlikely event of a successful plea.

Other themes in this book include the willingness of most jurisdictions to link a mental disorder to the defendant's conduct, as well as similarities in

受到高度批评和广泛讨论的是,人们普遍认为国防急需改革:从其污名化的标题到对《规则》双方的狭隘解释,这是一种很少使用且过时的国防。尽管对这一主题有大量评论,《精神错乱辩护:国际和比较视角》是牛津刑法与司法专著系列的一部分,它对这一辩护提供了新的视角,将国际知名专家和各种司法管辖区整理成一个编辑集。这本书旨在探索其他司法管辖区的精神错乱辩护,并“为如何改变和改进精神错乱辩护指明一条平衡的评估之路”(第369页)。在我看来,这两个目标都实现了。本汇编涵盖的司法管辖范围之广,为读者提供了对《M’Naghten规则》的各种替代解释或可能的修订,并提醒读者注意辩护不应遵循的方向。精神错乱辩护开始于对英格兰和威尔士的M'Naghten规则的批评,以及对改革建议的探索,随后又涉及其他普通法管辖区,包括:苏格兰、新西兰、加拿大和美国。除此之外,还涵盖了四个民法管辖区:法国、德国、荷兰和挪威,在考虑中国和国际刑法下的精神错乱辩护之前。关于民法管辖区,Meynen在第12章中指出,《荷兰刑法典》中规定的开放标准造成了“差异”的可能性(第285页),我们应该注意这一点。安德斯·布雷维克(Anders Breivik)在挪威发生的大规模悲剧引发了该国对精神错乱辩护的一种成功的医学模式的改变,这表明了悲剧发生后“下意识”立法的危险。希望Gröning关于此举没有最初怀疑的那么重要的建议被证明是正确的(第314页)。这本书集中出现的关键主题涉及M'Naghten规则的普遍性,尽管在许多司法管辖区,该规则的版本仍在使用,尽管更灵活。例如,爱尔兰有一个额外的意志因素。加拿大最高法院对《规则》的解释“务实而多变”(第122页),而澳大利亚似乎提供了“不连贯的不一致条款拼凑”(第196页),其中许多条款也反映了《规则》。即使是《罗马规约》第31条第1款(a)项也“援引”了《规则》(第344页),尽管国际刑事法院在极不可能成功认罪的情况下没有公认的拘留程序。本书的其他主题包括大多数司法管辖区愿意将精神障碍与被告的行为联系起来,以及各司法管辖区处置结果的相似性,这些主题指向对公众的保护和治疗,而不是惩罚。尽管许多司法管辖区继续采用《规则》的版本,但辩方的污名化名称使用较少。例如,苏格兰不再使用“精神错乱”一词,尽管修订后的《1995年刑事诉讼(苏格兰)法》第51A条没有提供替代标题。Rauxloh的《德国刑法中的精神错乱》是他个人的一大亮点。在德国,精神障碍不是提供辩护,而是允许排除刑事责任,翻译为“无法承担责任”(第247页)。本章对自由意志、道德能动性和医学之间的相互作用进行了引人入胜的分析。它还解决了由被告引起的丧失行为能力的复杂问题,这一主题在几章中反复出现,最明显的是与新西兰日益增加的甲基苯丙胺使用有关(第7章)。第14章概述的中国法律与英格兰和威尔士目前的精神错乱辩护最不相似,高调或严重的罪犯“尽管身体状况不佳,但更有可能被判处死刑”(第325页),以及长达两个世纪的耻辱挑战,这并不奇怪。进一步的发展领域可能包括对非洲、南美和中东国家的精神错乱辩护进行比较研究。改革的号召在整个收藏中引起共鸣。Ormerod和D’Souza在第3章中总结道:“文明社会应该努力定义其刑法,使其建立在尊重基本人权和尊严的健全原则和政策的基础上”(第46页),而Morse指出:“对道德无辜的被告定罪在法律上是令人反感的。公正的刑法不允许这样做(第211页)。麦凯建议最高法院可以对《规则》采取更灵活的解释(第43页)。当然,其他司法管辖区也准备这样做。 鉴于其他地方对M'Naghten规则表现出的灵活性,Mackay和Brookbanks充分证明了这是可以实现的,并且在没有立法变化的情况下,这是可取的。尽管这些作品的质量很高,但这些藏品并不适合胆小的人。除了了解M'Naghten规则不同方法之间的细微差别(例如知识、欣赏或欣赏能力之间的差异),读者还必须了解不同的法律体系、证据负担和刑事责任的理论方法。对于坚定的读者来说,回报是巨大的,为那些对该地区有浓厚兴趣的人提供了宝贵的财富。
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引用次数: 0
Rights of the child, mothers and sentencing: The case of Kenya By Alice Wambui Macharia, London: Routledge. 2021. pp. 192. £130.00 (hbk); £38.99 (pbk); £38.99 (ebk). ISBN: 9780367698010; 9780367698027; 9781003143291 儿童、母亲的权利和判决:肯尼亚案,作者:Alice Wambui Macharia,伦敦:Routledge。2021年,第192页。130.00英镑(hbk);38.99英镑(pbk);38.99英镑(ebk)。ISBN:9780367698010;9780367698027;9781003143291
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-11 DOI: 10.1111/hojo.12540
Nancy Loucks

Most countries fail specifically to task the judiciary with upholding the autonomy of the child and protecting children's rights and interests when sentencing a mother to a custodial penalty. Author and judge Alice Macharia argues that the focus of criminal courts should be widened to include the needs and the welfare of a woman's dependent children as a mandatory legal requirement.

In this reworking of her doctoral thesis, Judge Macharia debates that sentencing without consideration for the impact on children punishes them for their mother's crimes, with consequences for the children's future well-being. Macharia discusses the conflicting obligations for judges both to sanction the offending and to uphold the rights owed to children to protect their best interest, describing these as two competing duties of care: the duty to protect the public from crime; and the duty to protect children's rights. However, she argues that imprisoning children with their mothers is a form of discrimination against the child – an argument based on Article 2 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) and consistent with the landmark South African Constitutional Court case, S v. M ([2007] ZACC 18) in which Justice Albie Sachs stated that children ‘… cannot be treated as a mere extension of his or her parents, umbilically destined to sink or swim with them’ (para. 18).

The book describes that the practice in most jurisdictions globally is for children to remain invisible and unheard, irrespective of a country's level of development, and therefore that the goodwill of sentencers to protect the rights of the child is not enough, with the author arguing: 'at best, criminal justice systems are focused on the child's immediate basic needs and do not consider the long-term impact of the rights violation on the adult individual the child will grow into’ (p.64). Macharia argues that consideration of the impact on children when a mother is sentenced is not a new concept in Kenya, as the state already commutes the death penalty to life imprisonment if a woman is pregnant. The book argues powerfully for the need to take this consideration further.

Throughout, Macharia's book argues that the penal environment is designed to punish, meanwhile a child has no committal warrant and has not been convicted of anything. Without such a warrant: 'he or she is administratively invisible’ (p.74). This results in a lack of co-ordination and communication between agencies and even institutional neglect such as there being no allocation of additional food to support children living in prison with their mothers.

The book states that: ‘… the criminal process cannot assume that it has moral authority to ignore the devastating impact its decisions have on innocent children’ (p.28). As children are not culpable for their mother's offence, the author argues that welfare and best interest principles should carry greater weight in shaping the duty

然而,它后来引用了总结一般性讨论日建议的消息来源,暗示提交人必须了解随后的事态发展。同样,这本书评论说,缺乏收集到的关于父母被监禁的儿童的数据,但没有承认《联合国囚犯待遇最低限度标准规则》(纳尔逊·曼德拉规则)第7f条,该规则要求在有人进入监狱时收集受抚养人的信息。然而,在这种情况下,马查里亚在收集儿童与母亲一起进入监狱的数据方面做出了至关重要的区分。这提出了一个有趣的问题:由于没有儿童在安全设施中存在的官方记录,就像这本书出版时肯尼亚的情况一样,这意味着如果儿童在监狱中死亡,就没有对尸体的验尸或处理进行官方监督、记录或责任,也没有详细说明在押儿童死亡人数和原因的记录。当时,肯尼亚的监狱无法核实陪同母亲进入肯尼亚监狱的儿童数字的准确性,“……她留在社区的儿童同样被刑事司法系统所掩盖”(第76页)。这本书的一个特别有趣和独特的方面是它对肯尼亚刑法和实践的背景化。例如,土著传统形式的争端解决大多以恢复性司法原则为基础,对意外犯罪(大多数)给予高度减轻和宽大处理。然而,被视为“蓄意”的犯罪是对整个家庭的污名;正如作者所指出的:“一旦得到长老们的证明,就会宣判,罪犯的家人或部落成员会公开进行惩罚,因为他们有责任抚养这样一个人。因此,他们被要求通过家庭公开对自己的成员实施惩罚来赎罪”(第67页),包括支付罚款的责任,但也包括实施最严重的惩罚,如驱逐或死亡,通常是通过可怕的手段。根据肯尼亚的量刑指南,第一个目标是报复(与德国等其他司法管辖区不同,德国的《监狱法》优先考虑康复)。肯尼亚对康复的任何承诺在很大程度上取决于避免监禁处罚;同样,当人们留在社区提供赔偿时,恢复性司法方法更有效。马查里亚评论说,威慑和谴责等目的可能与康复和恢复性司法的目的相冲突。她还注意到,量刑指南指出,惩罚应与罪行相称,这可能会违背对儿童权利和利益的任何考虑。这本书提供的量刑理论背景提供了一个更为熟悉的背景。马查里亚法官总结了这些原则,他说:“很明显……有一种既定的量刑惯例,允许考虑判决对无辜第三方和罪犯本人的意外影响。这是一套重要的原则,为使用替代监禁的刑罚提供了支持”(第115页)。根据她作为法官的个人经验,提交人发现,肯尼亚的妇女往往从一开始就认罪,尤其是在星期五,因为她们害怕周末让孩子无人看管。减刑的动机也会增加认罪的可能性,缺乏强有力的法律代表也是如此。因此,她证明,即使在法官提出意见之前,照顾责任也会对案件的结果产生实质性影响。肯尼亚量刑准则对儿童的量刑提供了保护,但对被判刑母亲的子女的保护并不那么有力;该指导方针确实允许法官考虑照顾责任,但没有包括这方面的法律授权。《肯尼亚量刑指南》第20节确实讨论了对母亲的量刑,但同样,保护措施主要涉及犯罪儿童。马查里亚指出:“如果遵守儿童罪犯的最大利益可以让他们免于牢狱之灾,那么这种原则性的保护当然也应该延伸到被监禁母亲的非犯罪家属身上”(第129页)。在实践中,这是不会发生的。作者报告说,“……这项研究强调了一个事实,即尽管有法律指令,但在实践中并没有经常追求其基本目标,囚犯子女的最大利益在量刑过程中仍然得不到保护”(第131页)。
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引用次数: 1
Youth carceral deinstitutionalisation and transinstitutionalisation in Ontario: Recent developments and questions 安大略省的青年尸体去机构化和过渡机构化:最近的发展和问题
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-27 DOI: 10.1111/hojo.12538
Linda Mussell, Jessica Evans

In early 2021, half of the youth detention centres in Ontario, Canada, were abruptly closed. We ask how this development can be understood in relation to broader explanations of youth detention closures in Canada, which cite the success of the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) and the best interests of youth, and the broader international context. Using a process tracing methodology to analyse existing data, we demonstrate that these closures had less to do with the interests of youth, and were primarily a cost-effective calculation. We demonstrate this by pointing to three key developments: (i) the transference of institutionalised carceral logics onto community service providers; (ii) an undermining of the principle of ‘relationship custody’; and (iii) a focus on high-capacity and high-security detention centres, over smaller, locally situated open detention centres.

2021年初,加拿大安大略省一半的青少年拘留中心突然关闭。我们想知道,如何将这一事态发展与加拿大关闭青年拘留所的更广泛解释联系起来,这些解释引用了《青年刑事司法法》的成功和青年的最大利益,以及更广泛的国际背景。使用过程追踪方法分析现有数据,我们证明这些关闭与青年的利益关系不大,主要是一种成本效益计算。我们通过指出三个关键发展来证明这一点:(i)将制度化的尸体逻辑转移到社区服务提供者身上;(ii)对“关系监护”原则的破坏;以及(iii)重点关注高容量和高安全性的拘留中心,而不是较小的、位于当地的开放式拘留中心。
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引用次数: 0
Experiences of self-reflection as identity reconstruction and adaptation to prison life 作为身份重建和适应监狱生活的自我反思经历
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-27 DOI: 10.1111/hojo.12541
Zarek Khan

The role of identity construction has been a central theme in empirical analyses of desistance from crime. Despite the novelty of these studies, their findings are predominantly situated in the post-imprisonment context. There has been limited attention on the drivers of identity change for prisoners who are incarcerated. Based on 16 interviews conducted in an open prison for men, this article demonstrates how experiences of self-reflection shape identity reconstruction for prisoners nearing release and serve as important modes of adaptation to prison life. The article ends with a discussion on the key implications of the study's findings.

身份建构的作用一直是一个中心主题的实证分析,从犯罪的制止。尽管这些研究很新颖,但他们的发现主要是在监禁后的背景下进行的。对被监禁囚犯身份改变的驱动因素的关注一直很有限。本文基于在一所开放监狱中进行的16次访谈,展示了自我反思的经历如何塑造即将释放的囚犯的身份重建,并作为适应监狱生活的重要模式。文章最后讨论了研究结果的关键含义。
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引用次数: 0
Reflections from accused: Advice on navigating life on bail 被告的反思:关于保释生活的建议
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-26 DOI: 10.1111/hojo.12537
Carolyn Yule, Rachel Schumann

Accused individuals employ various techniques in response to the challenges posed by living with bail conditions. By asking ‘what advice would you give to an accused individual who must appear in bail court and who will be assigned conditional bail’, this study assesses how individuals navigate release on bail in the community. A thematic analysis of interviews with 108 accused yielded three master themes: ‘abiding by the system’; a ‘broken system’; and ‘working the system’. The findings add to current research by identifying points of similarity, but also difference, in how common discourses used by bail court actors and bail scholars – including responsibilisation, self-governance, and accountability – are responded to by accused. The results reveal how individuals accused of a crime find ways to assume a more advantageous position within a system largely perceived as working against them.

被告个人采用各种技巧来应对保释条件带来的挑战。通过询问“你会给一个必须在保释法庭出庭并将被分配有条件保释的被告什么建议”,这项研究评估了个人如何在社区中获得保释。对108名被告的采访进行了专题分析,得出了三个主要主题:“遵守制度”;“破碎的系统”;还有“按体制办事”。这些发现通过确定保释法庭行为者和保释学者使用的常见话语(包括责任、自我治理和问责制)如何被被告回应的相似点,但也存在差异,从而增加了当前的研究。研究结果揭示了被指控犯罪的人是如何在一个基本上被视为对他们不利的体系中找到更有利的位置的。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Howard Journal of Crime and Justice
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