Howard Journal of Crime and Justice最新文献

The collateral consequences of the non-payment of fines have merited much attention in jurisdictions such as the USA or Australia, yet they are relatively unexplored in countries of the Global South. In this article, we analyse Brazil as a case study. Although Brazil has the third largest prison population in the world, its criminal justice system has received little attention. We intend to fill this gap by addressing the legal framework and practices surrounding the non-payment of fines in a country whose draconian policies cause social exclusion and impede rehabilitation.

This article deals with the right to make requests and complaints (RCs) inside Spanish prisons. It discusses the European Prison Rules and the principles set forward by the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT), examining how the Spanish system respects these. It then introduces the RCs system in Spain. Through research carried out in four prisons, interviews with the directors and with 21 inmates and taking as an example one prison, we were able to discover that the number of requests in one year is 55,000. This result reveals the formalised character of Spanish prisons and raises the question as to how to respond to RCs inside prison. The last part of the article draws on interviews with three Penitentiary Judges and discusses their role in reviewing RCs. In our analysis of 626 of the final decisions we found that 98.6% were denied. Finally, the article provides some explanations for this result and questions whether judges can be said to provide an effective remedy in such cases.

This special issue presents findings from a collaborative project funded by the ESRC's Global Challenges Research Fund, which researched prisons in Guyana. The project was a partnership between academics from the universities of Guyana and Leicester and officers in the Guyana Prison Service. The disciplinary backgrounds of the university researchers spanned history, criminology, public health, anthropology, sociology, and politics and international relations, while officers were drawn from all ranks including welfare and medical staff. Clare Anderson and Mellissa Ifill's previous work, funded by the British Academy and supported by researchers Estherine Adams and Kellie Moss, uncovered the history of colonial-era practices and operations in Guyana's prisons, up to Independence in 1966 (Anderson et al., 2020; Moss et al., 2020). Prison officers immediately saw contemporary resonances and proposed that we might explore the post-colonial impacts of approaches to incarceration in the country now.

In the ESRC project, we grew our team and co-developed work that centred on colonial history, the post-Independence period and the present day. Our objective was to construct what we called a ‘usable past’ that would bring attention to the ongoing aftermaths of colonial-era prison discipline and could thus nurture reform. While we were interested generally in law, infrastructure, penal discipline, rehabilitation and resistance, our attention was drawn especially to the use and experiences of drugs, including alcohol, among prisoners and the people who work with them, and how we might trace historic continuities in contemporary approaches to, and desires and framings around, substance use. This connected to mental ill health, which was one of the key challenges that the Prison Service had signalled to us as we developed our relationship through our historical work, and which is relevant to both prisoners and staff (Anderson, Moss & Adams, 2020; Anderson, Moss & Joseph Jackson, 2022; Ayres & Kerrigan, 2020; Cameron & Kerrigan, 2020; Halley & Cowden, 2023; Kerrigan et al., 2024; Moss, Adams & Toner, 2022; Moss et al., 2020; Warren et al., 2022).

At the inception of our project, excepting a significant body of work on historical colonial prisons and ‘dark tourism’ (White & Frew, 2016; Wilson et al., 2017), the few studies that integrated history and the present day focused more on law and the criminal justice system than on remand and incarceration (Finnane & Piper, 2016; Matthews & Robinson, 2019; Robinson & Bulkan, 2017). As our research progressed, we joined others in a more prisons focused endeavour that straddled British and other post-colonial contexts, including in North and South/Latin America,1

There has not been a specific history of supervising women in the community. This article, therefore, describes the early neglect of work with women and the period of change from the 1970s when women became more visible and the criminal justice system's response to them began to face scrutiny. It posits the story against the background of increased awareness of gender discrimination and efforts to reduce the use of imprisonment by addressing women's criminogenic and social needs through community-based supervision. It juxtaposes innovative work initiated by practitioners and managers to years of unfulfilled policy promises. An essential part of the story is the attempt to integrate feminist perspectives into policy and practice at a time of organisational and political turbulence. It concludes that our increased understanding of criminalised women presents the opportunity of breaking the frustrating cycle of governmental ‘enthusiasm-disillusion-indifference’ and making a genuine contribution to equality and social justice.

The history of academic criminology has been written at a macro-scale from national and international perspectives. These histories rely on abstract concepts that overlook external events in the formation of criminology. Using a microhistory approach, this article explores the origins of the penology programme established at the Police School of San José State University. Willard Schmidt started the programme in 1946 based on his experience as director of security police at Tule Lake prison camp, a site for incarceration of Japanese Americans during the Second World War. The discussion examines August Vollmer's role in founding the Police School and his opposition to the incarceration, Schmidt's activities at Tule Lake, and how this shaped the first penology programme in California.

This study examines the association between racial attitudes and perceptions of police misconduct in the US, focusing on racial empathy as a form of positive racial sentiment that may work alongside racial resentment to shape public views on police bias and use of force. Using data from the 2020 American National Election Studies (ANES) time series survey, an exploratory factor analysis demonstrates that racial empathy and racial resentment are distinct constructs. Multivariate regression analyses indicate that respondents with racial empathy are more likely to believe that police treat white people better than they treat Black people and that police frequently use more force than necessary. Respondents with racial resentment are less likely to believe these perceptions. Racial empathy is a racial attitude that can shape attitudes towards crime and justice. Future research should consider racial empathy in investigating ways that racial attitudes shape public opinion on crime and justice policy.

The Palgrave handbook of global rehabilitation in criminal justice, meticulously edited by Maurice Vanstone and Philip Priestley, stands as a pioneering and exhaustive examination of the diverse strategies employed worldwide to support individuals navigating the complexities of criminal justice. This exceptional compilation brings together a multitude of esteemed authors and insightful essays, offering an unparalleled window into the implementation of rehabilitation measures across 30 geographically distinct jurisdictions in seven continents. Vanstone and Priestley are the prefect editors for a handbook on this subject. Both are prominent figures in the field of criminal justice generally but penology and rehabilitation specifically. Following a career in probation, Vanstone has an exceptional and lengthy academic background exploring (among other things) rehabilitative practices in England and Wales. Priestley, likewise, is a notable film director and author exploring similar issues to Vanstone. Together they bring different trajectories but a united unique ability to compile this handbook.

The handbook has several key strengths. The first lies in its breadth of coverage. Through the contributions, readers are taken on a journey across continents, exploring the various rehabilitative measures implemented in diverse cultural, social and legal contexts. From innovative programmes to traditional practices, the handbook provides a rich tapestry of approaches that reflects the complexities of the global landscape. For example, there is a clear intent by the editors to be sensitive to the experiences of women and minority groups as well as cover the more theoretical underpinnings of rehabilitation in countries that have traditionally received less attention in academic historiographies. An example of such is in the first chapter on the evolution of rehabilitation in Argentina where the author, a female judge, ensures that she includes the responses to women, LGBTQ groups and vulnerable people. Another example is the discussion of rehabilitation in China – a ‘risk society’ (p.89) – in Chapter 5. Although not intended by the editors to be ‘a comparative study’ (p.1), there are as many common threads running through the chapters as there are differences. The differences may be expected as each chapter relates to a specific jurisdiction and has its own focus. However, the common threads that surface include, among others, how populism and a rising punitiveness are present in many contrasting political conditions.

Another key strength is the mixture of contributors to the collection. All are notable in their respective fields and those fields range from, inter alia, criminology, criminal justice, social work, social and behavioural sciences, psychology and sociology. In addition, the mix of contributors include early career academics, established academics, those with professional experience, and those with both professional experienc

In this thoughtful examination of brothel management following decriminalisation in New Zealand, Weinhold presents a much-needed discussion that not only sheds light on the realities of brothel management under these new laws but also questions the limits of legal reform and seeking legitimacy through the lens of ‘work’.

To accomplish this, Weinhold weaves together an evaluation of the Prostitution Reform Act (PRA) 2003 with excerpts and findings from interviews with sex workers and brothel operators to create a compelling image of how these laws are perceived and implemented and the impact this has on working patterns and conditions in brothels. While, as Weinhold herself notes, this is not a comprehensive exploration of the sector and work and management within it, Sex as work provides a strong foundation for future work to build upon, such as further exploration of brothel work, analyses of other types of sex work, or questioning what additional progress should follow decriminalisation to improve the rights of sex workers and their ability to enforce them.

As this review has already shown, Sex as work is a valuable addition to the area of sex work studies. However, a more thorough evaluation of this piece is needed to understand its strengths more fully, to highlight areas of particular interest, and to acknowledge where some improvements may have been made.

From the preface, Weinhold establishes the purpose of the book clearly and concisely, stating how it looks to explore whether brothels are treated in law and in practice like any other type of business, as well as the influence of stigma on brothel management and the persistence of exploitation despite decriminalisation. It is also here that she shows herself to be a writer capable of taking her reader by the hand and guiding them into this complex area in a way that emphasises readability and the demystification of sex work, making this piece an accessible read for those looking to learn more about the effects of decriminalisation and brothel work more generally.

This introduction extends to the beginning of Chapter 1, where Weinhold summarises the conditions of decriminalisation in New Zealand before reiterating the research's aims and position in its wider field. The chapter then moves on to discuss the context surrounding the research, including briefly looking at legal regimes elsewhere, exploring the draws, risks, and organisation of brothel work in New Zealand, as well as discussing the context surrounding the PRA and specific provisions of it. With communicating such a range of information being an intimidating task particularly within a single chapter, Weinhold succeeds in making these discussions accessible without oversimplification and prepares her reader effectively for the more specialised discussions to follow.

In Chapter 2, Weinhold begins with a similar discussion of the PRA and its flaws as in Chapter 1, but progresses this f

This article reflects on the research process that underpinned the ESRC GCRF project ‘Mental Health, Neurological and Substance Abuse Disorders in Guyana's Jails: 1825 to the present day’. Introducing readers to a transdisciplinary team comprised of academics and practitioners, in what follows we think through how the methods of the research underpinned the production of the data used in this special issue. The article highlights the emotional labour and ethics of care among the team, and the benefits of transdisciplinary research and the mutual recipriocity and learning that took place between academics and prison staff. The goal of the project was to create equitable and ethical partnerships, and this contributed to the success of this research in terms of findings, data, and real-world impact.

Focus on the interconnection of interpersonal violence, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), trauma and justice-involvement has increased interest internationally among policymakers and practitioners working within criminal justice contexts for ‘trauma-informed’ approaches and interventions which facilitate recovery. This article discusses limitations of employing these concepts to make sense of the lives of criminal-justice involved people. Drawing on UK-based research using interviews and collage-workshops to gather autobiographical narratives of 16 repeatedly-criminalised men, a case vignette is presented to show the institutional and structural contexts of interpersonal violence, and the critical role of the criminal justice system (CJS) in obscuring and perpetuating violence. This raises doubt about the CJS's capacity to respond to trauma. The contribution of this article is to integrate theoretical conceptualisations of violence and empirical findings to critique the possibility of trauma-informed practice (TIP) within a criminal justice context.