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Atmospheric Air Dust Concentration, Composition And Size Distribution Data At Breathing Heights In Yekaterinburg. 叶卡捷琳堡呼吸高地的大气尘埃浓度、成分和粒度分布数据。
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.24057/2071-9388-2023-2760
I. Subbotina, A. Buevich, A. Sergeev, E. Baglaeva, A. Shichkin, A. S. Butorova
Accurate information on air quality serves as the foundation for making regulatory and legal decisions aimed at reducing air pollution. This study investigates the vertical distribution of dust particle concentration, their elemental composition, and size distribution in the atmospheric surface layer in Yekaterinburg. Over eight days in April 2021, 64 dust samples were collected on filters at heights ranging from 0.5 m to 10 m at a single site using a mobile post. The mass concentration of the dust, characterized by heterogeneous data with a coefficient of variation exceeding 30%, exhibited a weak tendency to decrease with height. The proportion of particles smaller than 1 µm decreased with increasing altitude, except for 10 m, where their proportion increased. Conversely, the concentration of p articles ranging from one to two microns decreased closer to the surface. Dust grains of other sizes were nearly evenly distributed at various heights. Dust particles smaller than PM2.5 accounted for approximately 45% of the total particles. X-ray fluorescence analysis identified 12 elements in dust particles, with S, Ca, and Fe showing the most substantial content. The proportion of most metals and Ca in solid particles decreased with height, while the content of S and As increased. The Cu, Zn, and Sb content in dust particles remained constant at all measured heights.
准确的空气质量信息是制定旨在减少空气污染的监管和法律决策的基础。本研究调查了叶卡捷琳堡大气表层尘埃粒子浓度的垂直分布、元素组成和大小分布。在 2021 年 4 月的八天时间里,在一个地点使用移动柱在 0.5 米至 10 米高的过滤器上收集了 64 个粉尘样本。粉尘的质量浓度以变异系数超过 30% 的异构数据为特征,呈现出随高度降低的微弱趋势。小于 1 微米的颗粒所占比例随着高度的增加而减少,但在 10 米处除外,其比例有所增加。相反,在靠近地表的地方,1 至 2 微米的微粒浓度有所下降。其他大小的尘粒在不同高度几乎均匀分布。小于 PM2.5 的尘粒约占总尘粒的 45%。X 射线荧光分析确定了尘粒中的 12 种元素,其中 S、Ca 和 Fe 的含量最高。大多数金属和钙在固体颗粒中所占的比例随着高度的增加而减少,而S和As的含量则有所增加。灰尘颗粒中的铜、锌和锑含量在所有测量高度都保持不变。
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引用次数: 0
Leading Global Cities In The Russian-Language Segment Of Internet: How Do They Look Like At The Beginning Of The 21st Century? 俄语互联网领域的全球领先城市:21 世纪初的城市面貌如何?
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.24057/2071-9388-2023-2682
A. V. Korobkov, S. Kuzovlev, E. Rykunova, N. A. Sluka
In the XXI century, the factors of the development of megacities are changing rapidly, the competitiveness of which increasingly depends on their image in different social environments. The purpose of the study is to identify main common features of the current image of the leading global cities (London, Paris, New York and Tokyo) in the Russian–language segment of the Internet (Runet). The research was based on a combination of methods of socio-economic geography, quantitative and qualitative methods of sociology. To reflect the objective reality of megacities, international statistics were used; to assess the role of Internet information resources influencing the formation of the image, the number of search queries in Runet and the context of publications about cities in social media were analyzed; to identify the configuration of the image, the data of a sociological survey were studied. It was revealed that the perception of megacities in Runet is based on a comparable volume of information flow in social networks (the number of published messages is 20 thousand per day for Paris and London, 15 thousand for New York, 4 thousand for Tokyo) and on similarity of publications’ context (2/5 are in the categories “entertainment” and “personality”). Despite certain limitations of the methods used and the relevance of the digital artifacts obtained, the image structure of the centers under consideration is characterized by the predominance of objective over subjective and cognitive (knowledge and ideas about “physical” givens) over affective (emotions, feelings, sensations) components with the key role of four collective categories: common features of large cities, idealized imagery of the country, prestigious urban locations and world architectural brands; as well as high stability in time and space. The continuation of research based on the proposed principles, while improving the methodology and involving cities of different classes, will contribute to the adaptation of foreign experience in designing of images of ambitious Russian cities in the face of new global challenges.
在二十一世纪,特大城市的发展因素正在发生迅速变化,其竞争力越来越取决于其在不同社会环境中的形象。本研究旨在确定全球主要城市(伦敦、巴黎、纽约和东京)目前在俄语互联网(Runet)上的形象的主要共同特征。研究综合运用了社会经济地理学方法、社会学定量和定性方法。为了反映特大城市的客观现实,使用了国际统计数据;为了评估互联网信息资源对城市形象形成的影响,分析了 Runet 中的搜索查询次数和社会媒体中有关城市的出版物的背景;为了确定城市形象的构成,研究了社会学调查的数据。结果表明,Runet 中对特大城市的认知是基于社交网络中可比的信息量(巴黎和伦敦每天发布的信息量为 2 万条,纽约为 1.5 万条,东京为 4000 条)以及出版物背景的相似性(2/5 的出版物属于 "娱乐 "和 "个性 "类)。尽管所使用的方法和所获得的数字艺术品的相关性有一定的局限性,但所研究的中心的图像结构的特点是:客观成分优于主观成分,认知成分(关于 "物理 "给定的知识和观念)优于情感成分(情绪、情感、感觉),四个集体类别发挥着关键作用:大城市的共同特征、国家的理想化图像、著名的城市地点和世界建筑品牌;以及在时间和空间上的高度稳定性。根据提出的原则继续开展研究,同时改进研究方法,让不同级别的城市参与进来,将有助于在面对新的全球挑战时,借鉴国外经验,设计雄心勃勃的俄罗斯城市形象。
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引用次数: 0
Monitoring For Elemental Composition Of Particulate Matter Deposited In Snow Cover Around Coal-Fired Thermal Power Plant (Karaganda, Central Kazakhstan). 监测燃煤热电厂(哈萨克斯坦中部卡拉干达)周围积雪中沉积的微粒物质的元素组成。
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.24057/2071-9388-2023-2829
A. V. Talovskaya, T. E. Adil’bayeva, E. Yazikov
Studies on thermal power plant areas with respect to chemical composition of particulate matter deposited in snow cover are limited. This study aims to monitor (2014–2022) particulate load and trace elements associated with the particulate matter distributed around (0.5-4.5 km) the coal-fired thermal power plant in Karaganda. In this study, snow cover was used as an effective scavenger of atmospheric pollutants. Using instrumental neutron activation analysis and atomic absorption spectrometry, the content of 26 elements and Hg, respectively, was determined in the particulate phase of snow. The results showed that particulate load varied from 26 to 1751, with mean of 427 and a background of 47 mg m-2 d-1. Anthropogenic impact caused a significant increase in content of U, Hg, Ta, Zn, Na, Cr, Co, Sr, Rb, Cs, Sc, Ca, Fe, Nd, Ba (2–30 times) in the samples compared to the background. Metal-bearing phases of Zn, Ba, As, U-Ta-Nb were detected through scanning electron microscope. The highest levels of particulate load (169–1032 mg m-2 d-1) and element contents in the samples were localized up to 0.7 km from the thermal power plant. The changes of particulate load and element composition of snow deposits during the monitoring period were connected with temperature, modernization of dust-collecting equipment, composition of coal and fly ash, long-range transport of emissions from other industries. The element content and metal-bearing phases in the particulate phase of snow can be used as markers for identifying emission sources from coal combustion.
有关火力发电厂地区沉积在积雪中的颗粒物化学成分的研究十分有限。本研究旨在监测(2014-2022 年)分布在卡拉干达燃煤热电厂周围(0.5-4.5 公里)的颗粒物负荷和与颗粒物相关的微量元素。本研究将积雪作为大气污染物的有效清除剂。利用仪器中子活化分析和原子吸收光谱法,分别测定了雪的颗粒相中 26 种元素和汞的含量。结果表明,颗粒物负荷从 26 到 1751 不等,平均值为 427,背景值为 47 毫克/平方米/天。人为影响导致样本中的铀、汞、钽、锌、纳、铬、钴、锶、铷、铯、钪、钙、铁、钕、钡含量比背景值显著增加(2-30 倍)。通过扫描电子显微镜检测到了 Zn、Ba、As、U-Ta-Nb 等含金属相。在距离热电厂 0.7 公里范围内,样本中的颗粒物负荷(169-1032 毫克/平方米-日-1)和元素含量最高。监测期间积雪中颗粒物负荷和元素组成的变化与温度、除尘设备的现代化、煤和粉煤灰的成分、其他工业排放物的长程飘移有关。雪颗粒相中的元素含量和含金属相可以作为识别燃煤排放源的标记。
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引用次数: 0
Assessing Spatial Distribution And Accessibility Of Public Primary Schools In Mafraq City, Jordan: A Gis-Based Approach 评估约旦马弗拉克市公立小学的空间分布和可达性:基于地理信息系统的方法
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.24057/2071-9388-2023-2750
A. AlFanatseh
The spatial accessibility of educational services is important in planning and managing educational services. This study seeks to evaluate the spatial distribution of basic schools, find the optimal location for the distribution of those schools, and develop solutions and proposals to improve accessibility by creating new schools. p-median models were applied to allocate sites. After analysing the locations of schools and demand points (residential buildings) in the city of Mafraq, where this model tries to provide recommendations regarding the area that service should cover, the standards of the Ministry of Education were adopted; they stipulate that the distance between the site of the basic school and the residential building should range 750 m. Accordingly, two models were applied: The first scenario was applied to evaluate the current school sites, whereas the second suggested the establishment of new schools in underserved areas and the evaluation of the effectiveness of accessibility after the construction of new schools. The results of the study showed that the number of unserviced demand points according to the optimal criterion for distance of access is approximately 58.9%, while it decreased to 38% after proposing the establishment of 10 schools in new locations. The study concluded that the analysis of site allocation using p-median models is an effective method in the spatial planning of schools. It can assist decisionmakers and urban planners in improving accessibility to primary schools by establishing new schools and upgrading access to existing schools in underserviced areas..
教育服务的空间可达性对于规划和管理教育服务非常重要。本研究旨在评估基础学校的空间分布情况,为这些学校的分布找到最佳位置,并制定解决方案和建议,通过创建新学校来提高可及性。在分析了马弗拉克市的学校和需求点(住宅楼)的位置(该模型试图就服务应覆盖的区域提 出建议)后,采用了教育部的标准;这些标准规定,基础学校校址与住宅楼之间的距离应为 750 米:第一种模式用于评估现有校址,而第二种模式则建议在服务不足的地区建立新学校,并在新学校建成后对无障碍环境的有效性进行评估。研究结果表明,根据最佳通达距离标准,未得到服务的需求点数量约为 58.9%,而在建议在新地点建立 10 所学校后,这一比例下降到 38%。研究得出结论,使用 p-中值模型分析校址分配是学校空间规划的有效方法。它可以帮助决策者和城市规划者通过在服务设施不足的地区建立新学校和改善现有学校的入学条件来提高小学的可及性。
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引用次数: 0
Phylogeny And Historical Biogeography Of The Order Pandanales 熊猫目动物的系统发育和历史生物地理学
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.24057/2071-9388-2023-2870
N. S. Zdravchev, A. V. Bobrov, M. S. Romanov, L. M. Lebedev, A. N. Sorokin, A. S. Timchenko, A. A. Mikhaylova, N. D. Vasekha, M. V. Kandidov, K. V. Kuptsov, P. S. Iovlev
Reconstruction of the dispersal history and formation of modern ranges of various taxa is one of the actual problems of modern biogeography. Molecular genetic biogeography based on the analysis of phylogenetic relationships of taxa of different levels began to develop actively at the end of the XX century. Currently, this method is the most objective and represents the basis for reconstruction of scenarios of the origin and dispersal of various groups of plants. Due to recent transformation of views on the phylogenetic relationships of Pandanales, the reconstruction of tracks and modes of dispersal of representatives of the order Pandanales becomes an actual task. Representatives of all 5 families of Pandanales sensu APG IV were selected for the study and two cladograms were constructed. Based on the molecular-genetic cladistic method the region of hypothetical origin and probable dispersal scenarios of the families of the order Pandanales were determined. The order Pandanales is treated as originated in Laurasia and its differentiation began on the territory of Tibet. Dispersal of the representatives of the basal family Velloziaceae took place by long-distance transport via the Bering Land Bridge to South America (approximately 115 Mya). Velloziaceae dispersed in the New World vicariously in South America, then it was distributed to sub-Atlantic Africa by long-distance transport, and finally also vicariously to the east, south and north of the continent. It is shown, that the modern range of the representatives of rest Pandanales is the result of both types of dispersal – vicariously and long-distance transport.
重建各种类群的扩散历史和现代分布区的形成是现代生物地理学的实际问题之一。二十世纪末,基于不同层次类群系统发生关系分析的分子遗传生物地理学开始积极发展。目前,这种方法最为客观,是重建各类植物起源和扩散情景的基础。由于近年来对潘丹科植物系统发育关系的看法发生了变化,重建潘丹科植物的分布轨迹和模式成为一项实际任务。研究选取了 Pandanales sensu APG IV 全部 5 个科的代表,并构建了两个支系图。根据分子遗传学支系法,确定了潘丹目各科的假定起源区域和可能的扩散情况。潘丹目被认为起源于劳拉西亚,其分化始于西藏境内。基干科 Velloziaceae 的代表通过白令陆桥长途运输到南美洲(约 115 Mya)。绒毛纲植物从南美洲向新大陆扩散,然后通过长途运输传播到非洲次大西洋地区,最后又向非洲大陆的东部、南部和北部扩散。研究表明,其余番杏科植物的现代分布范围是两种传播方式--代际传播和远距离传播--的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Groundwater Quality and Quantity Analysis for Irrigation Purposes in Okara, Sahiwal and Khanewal Districts of Punjab, Pakistan 巴基斯坦旁遮普省奥卡拉、萨希瓦尔和卡尼瓦尔地区灌溉用地下水水质和水量分析
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.24057/2071-9388-2023-2901
U. Asif, A. M. Ahmad, M. A. Javed, M. Nasar-u-Minallah, S. R. Ahmad, N. Parveen
Irrigated agriculture is the major determinant of economic growth potential as it accounts for 20% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the country. The current study focuses on the qualitative and quantitative assessment of groundwater in three districts i.e., Okara, Sahiwal and Khanewal of the Punjab province of Pakistan, which are considered highly fertile for agriculture production. The data were acquired from the Punjab Irrigation Department (PID) for 10 years (2010-2020) to assess the spatio-temporal patterns. The spatiotemporal mapping and variability of depth to the water table, electrical conductivity (EC), sodium absorption ratio (SAR), and residual sodium carbonate (RSC) were done as per the standards of the World Health Organization (WHO) and Punjab Irrigation Department using inverse distance weighting (IDW) statistical approach of GIS Techniques. The finding of the study revealed that overall water quality in the study area was reported as “fit” by following the WHO standards, whereas as per Punjab Irrigation Department standards, it was observed, as “Moderately fit”. Moreover, in Sahiwal, Okara, and Khanewal districts, the average depth of the water table declined from 2010 to 2015 by 0.619, 1.286, and 0.164 metres and then increased from 2016 to 2020 by 1.698, 1.421 and 0.830 metres, respectively. Although currently the quality and quantity of groundwater were not in critical condition, with continued carelessness and the release of additional water from aquifers, these conditions could deteriorate in the near future. So, developing a suitable mechanism for supplying surface water to farmers, and adapting environmentally acceptable methods of recharging aquifers is much needed.
灌溉农业占巴基斯坦国内生产总值(GDP)的 20%,是经济增长潜力的主要决定因素。目前的研究重点是对巴基斯坦旁遮普省奥卡拉、萨希瓦尔和卡尼瓦尔三个地区的地下水进行定性和定量评估,这三个地区被认为是农业生产的高肥沃地区。旁遮普省灌溉部(PID)提供了 10 年(2010-2020 年)的数据,用于评估时空模式。根据世界卫生组织(WHO)和旁遮普灌溉部的标准,使用地理信息系统技术的反距离加权(IDW)统计方法,对地下水位深度、导电率(EC)、钠吸收比(SAR)和残留碳酸钠(RSC)进行了时空绘图和变异性分析。研究结果表明,按照世界卫生组织的标准,研究地区的总体水质为 "合格",而按照旁遮普灌溉部的标准,则为 "中等合格"。此外,在 Sahiwal、Okara 和 Khanewal 地区,地下水位的平均深度从 2010 年到 2015 年分别下降了 0.619 米、1.286 米和 0.164 米,然后又从 2016 年到 2020 年分别上升了 1.698 米、1.421 米和 0.830 米。虽然目前地下水的水质和水量尚未达到临界状态,但如果继续疏忽大意,并从含水层中释放更多的水,这些情况可能会在不久的将来恶化。因此,亟需制定合适的机制,为农民提供地表水,并采用环境可接受的方法为含水层补水。
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引用次数: 0
Arsenic In Surface Waters In The Central Part Of The North Caucasus And Correspondent Health Risk Assessment 北高加索中部地表水中的砷及相应的健康风险评估
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.24057/2071-9388-2023-2748
N. Reutova, T. Reutova, F. Dreeva, A. M. Khutuev
Arsenic is ranked as a significant global health hazard associated with potable water. The present study assesses the arsenic pollution of the surface waters in the mountainous regions of the central part of the North Caucasus due to the presence of geochemical anomalies and the potential health risk by its consumption for the residents. The studies were carried out from 2016 to 2022. The surface waters of 5 main rivers of the region (Kuban, Malka, Baksan, Chegem and Cherek) with their main tributaries have been studied. Samples were taken during the period of intensive melting of glaciers (summer). The determination of the soluble form of arsenic was carried out using the method of atomic absorption spectrometry. In general, arsenic concentrations in this region are lower than Clark values for river waters. Along with this, watercourses with high and very high concentrations of arsenic have been identified. Elevated concentrations of arsenic in surface waters spatially coincide with the location of geochemical anomalies. The most polluted is the Baksan River. The levels of surface waters pollution from natural and anthropogenic sources are almost the same (up to 100 µg/dm3). In this regard, an assessment of the health hazard was carried out. For residents receiving drinking water from wells located at the southern foot of Elbrus, the carcinogenic risk for adults was 4.51×10-4, which is unacceptable for the general population. The non–carcinogenic risk was 1.00 - the maximum permissible risk causing concern.
砷被列为与饮用水有关的全球重大健康危害。本研究评估了北高加索中部山区因地球化学异常现象而造成的地表水砷污染情况,以及居民饮用砷水对健康造成的潜在风险。研究时间为 2016 年至 2022 年。对该地区 5 条主要河流(库班河、马尔卡河、巴克桑河、切格姆河和切列克河)及其主要支流的地表水进行了研究。样本是在冰川密集融化期(夏季)采集的。采用原子吸收光谱法测定了砷的可溶性形式。一般来说,该地区的砷浓度低于克拉克河水砷浓度值。与此同时,还发现了砷浓度较高和非常高的河道。地表水砷浓度升高的位置与地球化学异常点的位置相吻合。污染最严重的是巴克山河。自然和人为来源造成的地表水污染水平几乎相同(高达 100 µg/dm3)。为此,对健康危害进行了评估。对于从位于厄尔布鲁士南麓的水井中获取饮用水的居民来说,成人的致癌风险为 4.51×10-4,这对于一般人群来说是不可接受的。非致癌风险为 1.00,这是引起关注的最大允许风险。
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引用次数: 0
The Aerosol Pollution Of The Atmosphere On The Example Of Lidar Sensing Data In St. Petersburg (Russia), Kuopio (Finland), Minsk (Belarus) 以圣彼得堡(俄罗斯)、库奥皮奥(芬兰)和明斯克(白俄罗斯)的激光雷达传感数据为例研究大气气溶胶污染问题
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.24057/2071-9388-2023-2772
D. Samulenkov, M. Sapunov
The results of lidar sensing of aerosol pollution in St. Petersburg (Russia) were compared with ones located in Minsk (Belarus) and Kuopio (Finland) to assess the impact of large cities on atmospheric pollution by aerosol particles. For comparison, aerosol optical depth (AOD) data obtained at the three stations from 2014 to 2021 were used. Lidar sounding of atmospheric aerosols was carried out using aerosol Nd:YAG lasers operating at three wavelengths: 355, 532 and 1064 nm. Due to differences in the lidar station equipment characteristics and, consequently, in the lower limit for determining aerosols, the aerosol optical depth was compared in the range of heights from 800 to 1600 m at 355 and 532 nm. Since the compared stations do not have data for all years, the period from 2014 to 2016 was analyzed separately. The average annual AOD 355 in Minsk in the period 2014-2016 is almost the same as the average annual AOD in St. Petersburg. When comparing data in St. Petersburg and Minsk for the period 2014-2020, AOD 355 in St. Petersburg exceeds AOD 355 in Minsk by 1.46 times. AOD 532 nm in Minsk is larger than in St. Petersburg, regardless of the chosen comparison period. The average annual AOT 355 in Kuopio is lower than in Minsk and St. Petersburg by 2.1 times, while at a wavelength of 532 nm they are 3.6 times lower than in Minsk and 2.6 times in St. Petersburg. The calculated Angstrom exponent coefficient shows that the coarse mode in Minsk is higher than in St. Petersburg. The atmosphere over Kuopio has a lower content of aerosol particles. Since 2017, there was a steady excess of aerosol content over St. Petersburg compared to Minsk. Additionally, a comparison of the lidar data with the total AOD of AERONET stations located in Kuopio, Minsk and Peterhof (25 km from the lidar station in St. Petersburg) was carried out. The AOD obtained by lidar and AERONET method is in good agreement.
将圣彼得堡(俄罗斯)的气溶胶污染激光雷达传感结果与明斯克(白俄罗斯)和库奥皮奥(芬兰)的气溶胶污染激光雷达传感结果进行了比较,以评估大城市气溶胶颗粒对大气污染的影响。比较中使用了这三个站点从 2014 年至 2021 年获得的气溶胶光学深度(AOD)数据。对大气气溶胶的激光雷达探测是使用气溶胶 Nd:YAG 激光器进行的,该激光器有三种波长:355、532 和 1064 nm。由于激光雷达站的设备特性不同,因此确定气溶胶的下限也不同,气溶胶光学深度是在波长为 355 和 532 nm 的 800 至 1600 米高度范围内进行比较的。由于所比较的站点没有所有年份的数据,因此对 2014 年至 2016 年期间的数据进行了单独分析。2014-2016 年期间,明斯克的年平均 AOD 355 与圣彼得堡的年平均 AOD 几乎相同。在比较圣彼得堡和明斯克 2014-2020 年的数据时,圣彼得堡的 AOD 355 比明斯克的 AOD 355 高出 1.46 倍。明斯克的 AOD 532 nm 大于圣彼得堡,与所选的比较期无关。库奥皮奥的年平均 AOT 355 值比明斯克和圣彼得堡低 2.1 倍,而波长为 532 nm 的年平均 AOT 355 值比明斯克低 3.6 倍,比圣彼得堡低 2.6 倍。计算得出的安氏指数系数显示,明斯克的粗模高于圣彼得堡。库奥皮奥上空的大气中气溶胶粒子含量较低。自 2017 年以来,圣彼得堡上空的气溶胶含量一直高于明斯克。此外,还将激光雷达数据与位于库奥皮奥、明斯克和彼得霍夫(距离圣彼得堡激光雷达站 25 公里)的 AERONET 站的总 AOD 进行了比较。通过激光雷达和 AERONET 方法获得的 AOD 非常吻合。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation Of Terrestrial Water Storage Products From Remote Sensing, Land Surface Model And Regional Hydrological Model Over Northern European Russia 俄罗斯北欧地区遥感、地表模型和区域水文模型的陆地蓄水产品评估
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.24057/2071-9388-2023-2899
V. Y. Grigorev, I. N. Krylenko, A. I. Medvedev, V. M. Stepanenko
Water storage is one of the key components of terrestrial water balance, therefore its accurate assessment is necessary for a sufficient description of hydrological processes within river basins. Here we compare terrestrial water storage using calibrated hydrological model ECOMAG forced by gauge observations, uncalibrated INM RAS–MSU land surface model forced by reanalysis and GRACE satellite-based data over Northern Dvina and Pechora River basins. To clearly identify differences between the datasets long-term, seasonal and residual components were derived. Results show a predominance of the seasonal component variability over the region (~64% of the total) by all datasets but INM RAS–MSU shows a substantial percentage of long-term component variability as well (~31%), while GRACE and ECOMAG demonstrate the magnitude around 18%. Moreover, INM RAS–MSU shows lowest magnitude of annual range. ECOMAG and INM RAS–MSU is distinguished by earliest begin of TWS decline in spring, while GRACE demonstrates latest dates. Overall, ECOMAG has shown the lowest magnitude of random error from 9 mm for Northern Dvina basin to 10 mm for Pechora basin, while INM RAS–MSU has shown largest one.
蓄水是陆地水量平衡的关键组成部分之一,因此要充分描述流域内的水文过程,就必须对其进行准确评估。在此,我们使用校准过的水文模型 ECOMAG 和 INM RAS-MSU 的陆地表面模型对陆地蓄水量进行了比较,前者以测量观测数据为依据,后者以再分析数据和 GRACE 卫星数据为依据。为了明确识别数据集之间的差异,得出了长期、季节和残差成分。结果表明,所有数据集都显示该地区的季节成分变异性占主导地位(约占总数的 64%),但 INM RAS-MSU 也显示出相当大比例的长期成分变异性(约占 31%),而 GRACE 和 ECOMAG 则显示出约 18%的幅度。此外,INM RAS-MSU 的年变化幅度最小。ECOMAG 和 INM RAS-MSU 的特点是 TWS 在春季最早开始衰减,而 GRACE 的衰减日期最晚。总体而言,ECOMAG 显示的随机误差最小,从北德维纳盆地的 9 毫米到佩乔拉盆地的 10 毫米,而 INM RAS-MSU 显示的随机误差最大。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of the Bottom Topography of the Reservoir Due to Sediment Trapping (According to the Krasnodar Reservoir, Russia) 泥沙淤积对水库底部地形的影响分析(以俄罗斯克拉斯诺达尔水库为例)
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-08 DOI: 10.24057/2071-9388-2023-2907
A. V. Pogorelov, A. A. Laguta, P B. Netrebin, D. A. Lipilin
Morphometric descriptions of reservoirs are usually limited to the type, shape, altitude position, bed size and volume of water in them. The article presents the results of the analysis of the bottom topography of the Krasnodar reservoir and the transformations of this for 2005-2021. The analysis was carried out based on the materials of bathymetric surveys for the usable volume of the reservoir on an area of 224 km 2 with the creation of digital elevation models. The topography of the reservoir bottom is represented by flat sections of flooded accumulative plain with prevailing slopes of about 0.2–0.4°, dissected by riverbeds of lower-order tributaries. The transformation of the topography is caused by gradual silting. The total volume of sediments for this area in 2005-2021 amounted to 127 million m 3 with an average siltation layer of 0.4 m. To describe the morphological properties of the bottom topography, we used geomorphometry techniques with the calculation of the BPI index (Bathymetric Position Index) and the classification of mesoscale topography forms based on it. For the riverbed, there are topography forms related to three types of surfaces: flat (Lower Bank Shelves), concave (Depressions, Deep Depressions) and convex (Reef Crests, Back Reefs, Mid-Slope Ridges). The constructed maps reflect the differentiated morphology of the bed surface, the evolution of topography forms and the change in roughness under conditions of continuous transformation of the basin and allow judging the prevailing morphogenetic processes. Morphologically, the coastal zone and the shallow part of the riverbed are the most difficult to construct. Here, along with long-shore reef crests of different genesis, deep depressions and simple depressions in the form of underwater channels on the deltas of extension can form on the accumulative shoal.
储层的形态计量学描述通常局限于储层的类型、形状、海拔位置、层位大小和储层水量。本文介绍了克拉斯诺达尔水库底部地形的分析结果及其2005-2021年的变化。根据水深测量资料,在224 km2范围内对水库可用容积进行了分析,建立了数字高程模型。库底地形为普遍坡度约为0.2 ~ 0.4°的平坦泛洪积平原,被低阶支流的河床所分割。地形的变化是由逐渐淤积引起的。2005-2021年,该地区沉积物总量为1.27亿m3,平均淤积层为0.4 m。为了描述海底地形的形态特征,我们使用了地貌学技术,计算了BPI指数(Bathymetric Position index),并在此基础上对中尺度地形形态进行了分类。河床的地形形式与三种类型的表面有关:平(下岸架)、凹(洼地、深洼地)和凸(礁峰、后礁、中坡脊)。构造图反映了盆地在持续改造条件下床面形态的分异、地形形态的演化和粗糙度的变化,可以判断主要的形态形成过程。在地形上,海岸带和河床浅部是最难建设的。在这里,累积浅滩上可形成不同成因的长岸礁峰,在伸展三角洲上可形成水下河道形式的深坳陷和简单坳陷。
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引用次数: 0
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Geography, Environment, Sustainability
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