Pub Date : 2024-01-12DOI: 10.24057/2071-9388-2023-2760
I. Subbotina, A. Buevich, A. Sergeev, E. Baglaeva, A. Shichkin, A. S. Butorova
Accurate information on air quality serves as the foundation for making regulatory and legal decisions aimed at reducing air pollution. This study investigates the vertical distribution of dust particle concentration, their elemental composition, and size distribution in the atmospheric surface layer in Yekaterinburg. Over eight days in April 2021, 64 dust samples were collected on filters at heights ranging from 0.5 m to 10 m at a single site using a mobile post. The mass concentration of the dust, characterized by heterogeneous data with a coefficient of variation exceeding 30%, exhibited a weak tendency to decrease with height. The proportion of particles smaller than 1 µm decreased with increasing altitude, except for 10 m, where their proportion increased. Conversely, the concentration of p articles ranging from one to two microns decreased closer to the surface. Dust grains of other sizes were nearly evenly distributed at various heights. Dust particles smaller than PM2.5 accounted for approximately 45% of the total particles. X-ray fluorescence analysis identified 12 elements in dust particles, with S, Ca, and Fe showing the most substantial content. The proportion of most metals and Ca in solid particles decreased with height, while the content of S and As increased. The Cu, Zn, and Sb content in dust particles remained constant at all measured heights.
{"title":"Atmospheric Air Dust Concentration, Composition And Size Distribution Data At Breathing Heights In Yekaterinburg.","authors":"I. Subbotina, A. Buevich, A. Sergeev, E. Baglaeva, A. Shichkin, A. S. Butorova","doi":"10.24057/2071-9388-2023-2760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2023-2760","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate information on air quality serves as the foundation for making regulatory and legal decisions aimed at reducing air pollution. This study investigates the vertical distribution of dust particle concentration, their elemental composition, and size distribution in the atmospheric surface layer in Yekaterinburg. Over eight days in April 2021, 64 dust samples were collected on filters at heights ranging from 0.5 m to 10 m at a single site using a mobile post. The mass concentration of the dust, characterized by heterogeneous data with a coefficient of variation exceeding 30%, exhibited a weak tendency to decrease with height. The proportion of particles smaller than 1 µm decreased with increasing altitude, except for 10 m, where their proportion increased. Conversely, the concentration of p articles ranging from one to two microns decreased closer to the surface. Dust grains of other sizes were nearly evenly distributed at various heights. Dust particles smaller than PM2.5 accounted for approximately 45% of the total particles. X-ray fluorescence analysis identified 12 elements in dust particles, with S, Ca, and Fe showing the most substantial content. The proportion of most metals and Ca in solid particles decreased with height, while the content of S and As increased. The Cu, Zn, and Sb content in dust particles remained constant at all measured heights.","PeriodicalId":37517,"journal":{"name":"Geography, Environment, Sustainability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139532992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-12DOI: 10.24057/2071-9388-2023-2682
A. V. Korobkov, S. Kuzovlev, E. Rykunova, N. A. Sluka
In the XXI century, the factors of the development of megacities are changing rapidly, the competitiveness of which increasingly depends on their image in different social environments. The purpose of the study is to identify main common features of the current image of the leading global cities (London, Paris, New York and Tokyo) in the Russian–language segment of the Internet (Runet). The research was based on a combination of methods of socio-economic geography, quantitative and qualitative methods of sociology. To reflect the objective reality of megacities, international statistics were used; to assess the role of Internet information resources influencing the formation of the image, the number of search queries in Runet and the context of publications about cities in social media were analyzed; to identify the configuration of the image, the data of a sociological survey were studied. It was revealed that the perception of megacities in Runet is based on a comparable volume of information flow in social networks (the number of published messages is 20 thousand per day for Paris and London, 15 thousand for New York, 4 thousand for Tokyo) and on similarity of publications’ context (2/5 are in the categories “entertainment” and “personality”). Despite certain limitations of the methods used and the relevance of the digital artifacts obtained, the image structure of the centers under consideration is characterized by the predominance of objective over subjective and cognitive (knowledge and ideas about “physical” givens) over affective (emotions, feelings, sensations) components with the key role of four collective categories: common features of large cities, idealized imagery of the country, prestigious urban locations and world architectural brands; as well as high stability in time and space. The continuation of research based on the proposed principles, while improving the methodology and involving cities of different classes, will contribute to the adaptation of foreign experience in designing of images of ambitious Russian cities in the face of new global challenges.
{"title":"Leading Global Cities In The Russian-Language Segment Of Internet: How Do They Look Like At The Beginning Of The 21st Century?","authors":"A. V. Korobkov, S. Kuzovlev, E. Rykunova, N. A. Sluka","doi":"10.24057/2071-9388-2023-2682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2023-2682","url":null,"abstract":"In the XXI century, the factors of the development of megacities are changing rapidly, the competitiveness of which increasingly depends on their image in different social environments. The purpose of the study is to identify main common features of the current image of the leading global cities (London, Paris, New York and Tokyo) in the Russian–language segment of the Internet (Runet). The research was based on a combination of methods of socio-economic geography, quantitative and qualitative methods of sociology. To reflect the objective reality of megacities, international statistics were used; to assess the role of Internet information resources influencing the formation of the image, the number of search queries in Runet and the context of publications about cities in social media were analyzed; to identify the configuration of the image, the data of a sociological survey were studied. It was revealed that the perception of megacities in Runet is based on a comparable volume of information flow in social networks (the number of published messages is 20 thousand per day for Paris and London, 15 thousand for New York, 4 thousand for Tokyo) and on similarity of publications’ context (2/5 are in the categories “entertainment” and “personality”). Despite certain limitations of the methods used and the relevance of the digital artifacts obtained, the image structure of the centers under consideration is characterized by the predominance of objective over subjective and cognitive (knowledge and ideas about “physical” givens) over affective (emotions, feelings, sensations) components with the key role of four collective categories: common features of large cities, idealized imagery of the country, prestigious urban locations and world architectural brands; as well as high stability in time and space. The continuation of research based on the proposed principles, while improving the methodology and involving cities of different classes, will contribute to the adaptation of foreign experience in designing of images of ambitious Russian cities in the face of new global challenges.","PeriodicalId":37517,"journal":{"name":"Geography, Environment, Sustainability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139531936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-12DOI: 10.24057/2071-9388-2023-2829
A. V. Talovskaya, T. E. Adil’bayeva, E. Yazikov
Studies on thermal power plant areas with respect to chemical composition of particulate matter deposited in snow cover are limited. This study aims to monitor (2014–2022) particulate load and trace elements associated with the particulate matter distributed around (0.5-4.5 km) the coal-fired thermal power plant in Karaganda. In this study, snow cover was used as an effective scavenger of atmospheric pollutants. Using instrumental neutron activation analysis and atomic absorption spectrometry, the content of 26 elements and Hg, respectively, was determined in the particulate phase of snow. The results showed that particulate load varied from 26 to 1751, with mean of 427 and a background of 47 mg m-2 d-1. Anthropogenic impact caused a significant increase in content of U, Hg, Ta, Zn, Na, Cr, Co, Sr, Rb, Cs, Sc, Ca, Fe, Nd, Ba (2–30 times) in the samples compared to the background. Metal-bearing phases of Zn, Ba, As, U-Ta-Nb were detected through scanning electron microscope. The highest levels of particulate load (169–1032 mg m-2 d-1) and element contents in the samples were localized up to 0.7 km from the thermal power plant. The changes of particulate load and element composition of snow deposits during the monitoring period were connected with temperature, modernization of dust-collecting equipment, composition of coal and fly ash, long-range transport of emissions from other industries. The element content and metal-bearing phases in the particulate phase of snow can be used as markers for identifying emission sources from coal combustion.
{"title":"Monitoring For Elemental Composition Of Particulate Matter Deposited In Snow Cover Around Coal-Fired Thermal Power Plant (Karaganda, Central Kazakhstan).","authors":"A. V. Talovskaya, T. E. Adil’bayeva, E. Yazikov","doi":"10.24057/2071-9388-2023-2829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2023-2829","url":null,"abstract":"Studies on thermal power plant areas with respect to chemical composition of particulate matter deposited in snow cover are limited. This study aims to monitor (2014–2022) particulate load and trace elements associated with the particulate matter distributed around (0.5-4.5 km) the coal-fired thermal power plant in Karaganda. In this study, snow cover was used as an effective scavenger of atmospheric pollutants. Using instrumental neutron activation analysis and atomic absorption spectrometry, the content of 26 elements and Hg, respectively, was determined in the particulate phase of snow. The results showed that particulate load varied from 26 to 1751, with mean of 427 and a background of 47 mg m-2 d-1. Anthropogenic impact caused a significant increase in content of U, Hg, Ta, Zn, Na, Cr, Co, Sr, Rb, Cs, Sc, Ca, Fe, Nd, Ba (2–30 times) in the samples compared to the background. Metal-bearing phases of Zn, Ba, As, U-Ta-Nb were detected through scanning electron microscope. The highest levels of particulate load (169–1032 mg m-2 d-1) and element contents in the samples were localized up to 0.7 km from the thermal power plant. The changes of particulate load and element composition of snow deposits during the monitoring period were connected with temperature, modernization of dust-collecting equipment, composition of coal and fly ash, long-range transport of emissions from other industries. The element content and metal-bearing phases in the particulate phase of snow can be used as markers for identifying emission sources from coal combustion.","PeriodicalId":37517,"journal":{"name":"Geography, Environment, Sustainability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139624257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-12DOI: 10.24057/2071-9388-2023-2750
A. AlFanatseh
The spatial accessibility of educational services is important in planning and managing educational services. This study seeks to evaluate the spatial distribution of basic schools, find the optimal location for the distribution of those schools, and develop solutions and proposals to improve accessibility by creating new schools. p-median models were applied to allocate sites. After analysing the locations of schools and demand points (residential buildings) in the city of Mafraq, where this model tries to provide recommendations regarding the area that service should cover, the standards of the Ministry of Education were adopted; they stipulate that the distance between the site of the basic school and the residential building should range 750 m. Accordingly, two models were applied: The first scenario was applied to evaluate the current school sites, whereas the second suggested the establishment of new schools in underserved areas and the evaluation of the effectiveness of accessibility after the construction of new schools. The results of the study showed that the number of unserviced demand points according to the optimal criterion for distance of access is approximately 58.9%, while it decreased to 38% after proposing the establishment of 10 schools in new locations. The study concluded that the analysis of site allocation using p-median models is an effective method in the spatial planning of schools. It can assist decisionmakers and urban planners in improving accessibility to primary schools by establishing new schools and upgrading access to existing schools in underserviced areas..
{"title":"Assessing Spatial Distribution And Accessibility Of Public Primary Schools In Mafraq City, Jordan: A Gis-Based Approach","authors":"A. AlFanatseh","doi":"10.24057/2071-9388-2023-2750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2023-2750","url":null,"abstract":"The spatial accessibility of educational services is important in planning and managing educational services. This study seeks to evaluate the spatial distribution of basic schools, find the optimal location for the distribution of those schools, and develop solutions and proposals to improve accessibility by creating new schools. p-median models were applied to allocate sites. After analysing the locations of schools and demand points (residential buildings) in the city of Mafraq, where this model tries to provide recommendations regarding the area that service should cover, the standards of the Ministry of Education were adopted; they stipulate that the distance between the site of the basic school and the residential building should range 750 m. Accordingly, two models were applied: The first scenario was applied to evaluate the current school sites, whereas the second suggested the establishment of new schools in underserved areas and the evaluation of the effectiveness of accessibility after the construction of new schools. The results of the study showed that the number of unserviced demand points according to the optimal criterion for distance of access is approximately 58.9%, while it decreased to 38% after proposing the establishment of 10 schools in new locations. The study concluded that the analysis of site allocation using p-median models is an effective method in the spatial planning of schools. It can assist decisionmakers and urban planners in improving accessibility to primary schools by establishing new schools and upgrading access to existing schools in underserviced areas..","PeriodicalId":37517,"journal":{"name":"Geography, Environment, Sustainability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139624604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-12DOI: 10.24057/2071-9388-2023-2870
N. S. Zdravchev, A. V. Bobrov, M. S. Romanov, L. M. Lebedev, A. N. Sorokin, A. S. Timchenko, A. A. Mikhaylova, N. D. Vasekha, M. V. Kandidov, K. V. Kuptsov, P. S. Iovlev
Reconstruction of the dispersal history and formation of modern ranges of various taxa is one of the actual problems of modern biogeography. Molecular genetic biogeography based on the analysis of phylogenetic relationships of taxa of different levels began to develop actively at the end of the XX century. Currently, this method is the most objective and represents the basis for reconstruction of scenarios of the origin and dispersal of various groups of plants. Due to recent transformation of views on the phylogenetic relationships of Pandanales, the reconstruction of tracks and modes of dispersal of representatives of the order Pandanales becomes an actual task. Representatives of all 5 families of Pandanales sensu APG IV were selected for the study and two cladograms were constructed. Based on the molecular-genetic cladistic method the region of hypothetical origin and probable dispersal scenarios of the families of the order Pandanales were determined. The order Pandanales is treated as originated in Laurasia and its differentiation began on the territory of Tibet. Dispersal of the representatives of the basal family Velloziaceae took place by long-distance transport via the Bering Land Bridge to South America (approximately 115 Mya). Velloziaceae dispersed in the New World vicariously in South America, then it was distributed to sub-Atlantic Africa by long-distance transport, and finally also vicariously to the east, south and north of the continent. It is shown, that the modern range of the representatives of rest Pandanales is the result of both types of dispersal – vicariously and long-distance transport.
重建各种类群的扩散历史和现代分布区的形成是现代生物地理学的实际问题之一。二十世纪末，基于不同层次类群系统发生关系分析的分子遗传生物地理学开始积极发展。目前，这种方法最为客观，是重建各类植物起源和扩散情景的基础。由于近年来对潘丹科植物系统发育关系的看法发生了变化，重建潘丹科植物的分布轨迹和模式成为一项实际任务。研究选取了 Pandanales sensu APG IV 全部 5 个科的代表，并构建了两个支系图。根据分子遗传学支系法，确定了潘丹目各科的假定起源区域和可能的扩散情况。潘丹目被认为起源于劳拉西亚，其分化始于西藏境内。基干科 Velloziaceae 的代表通过白令陆桥长途运输到南美洲（约 115 Mya）。绒毛纲植物从南美洲向新大陆扩散，然后通过长途运输传播到非洲次大西洋地区，最后又向非洲大陆的东部、南部和北部扩散。研究表明，其余番杏科植物的现代分布范围是两种传播方式--代际传播和远距离传播--的结果。
{"title":"Phylogeny And Historical Biogeography Of The Order Pandanales","authors":"N. S. Zdravchev, A. V. Bobrov, M. S. Romanov, L. M. Lebedev, A. N. Sorokin, A. S. Timchenko, A. A. Mikhaylova, N. D. Vasekha, M. V. Kandidov, K. V. Kuptsov, P. S. Iovlev","doi":"10.24057/2071-9388-2023-2870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2023-2870","url":null,"abstract":"Reconstruction of the dispersal history and formation of modern ranges of various taxa is one of the actual problems of modern biogeography. Molecular genetic biogeography based on the analysis of phylogenetic relationships of taxa of different levels began to develop actively at the end of the XX century. Currently, this method is the most objective and represents the basis for reconstruction of scenarios of the origin and dispersal of various groups of plants. Due to recent transformation of views on the phylogenetic relationships of Pandanales, the reconstruction of tracks and modes of dispersal of representatives of the order Pandanales becomes an actual task. Representatives of all 5 families of Pandanales sensu APG IV were selected for the study and two cladograms were constructed. Based on the molecular-genetic cladistic method the region of hypothetical origin and probable dispersal scenarios of the families of the order Pandanales were determined. The order Pandanales is treated as originated in Laurasia and its differentiation began on the territory of Tibet. Dispersal of the representatives of the basal family Velloziaceae took place by long-distance transport via the Bering Land Bridge to South America (approximately 115 Mya). Velloziaceae dispersed in the New World vicariously in South America, then it was distributed to sub-Atlantic Africa by long-distance transport, and finally also vicariously to the east, south and north of the continent. It is shown, that the modern range of the representatives of rest Pandanales is the result of both types of dispersal – vicariously and long-distance transport.","PeriodicalId":37517,"journal":{"name":"Geography, Environment, Sustainability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139531860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-12DOI: 10.24057/2071-9388-2023-2901
U. Asif, A. M. Ahmad, M. A. Javed, M. Nasar-u-Minallah, S. R. Ahmad, N. Parveen
Irrigated agriculture is the major determinant of economic growth potential as it accounts for 20% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the country. The current study focuses on the qualitative and quantitative assessment of groundwater in three districts i.e., Okara, Sahiwal and Khanewal of the Punjab province of Pakistan, which are considered highly fertile for agriculture production. The data were acquired from the Punjab Irrigation Department (PID) for 10 years (2010-2020) to assess the spatio-temporal patterns. The spatiotemporal mapping and variability of depth to the water table, electrical conductivity (EC), sodium absorption ratio (SAR), and residual sodium carbonate (RSC) were done as per the standards of the World Health Organization (WHO) and Punjab Irrigation Department using inverse distance weighting (IDW) statistical approach of GIS Techniques. The finding of the study revealed that overall water quality in the study area was reported as “fit” by following the WHO standards, whereas as per Punjab Irrigation Department standards, it was observed, as “Moderately fit”. Moreover, in Sahiwal, Okara, and Khanewal districts, the average depth of the water table declined from 2010 to 2015 by 0.619, 1.286, and 0.164 metres and then increased from 2016 to 2020 by 1.698, 1.421 and 0.830 metres, respectively. Although currently the quality and quantity of groundwater were not in critical condition, with continued carelessness and the release of additional water from aquifers, these conditions could deteriorate in the near future. So, developing a suitable mechanism for supplying surface water to farmers, and adapting environmentally acceptable methods of recharging aquifers is much needed.
{"title":"Groundwater Quality and Quantity Analysis for Irrigation Purposes in Okara, Sahiwal and Khanewal Districts of Punjab, Pakistan","authors":"U. Asif, A. M. Ahmad, M. A. Javed, M. Nasar-u-Minallah, S. R. Ahmad, N. Parveen","doi":"10.24057/2071-9388-2023-2901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2023-2901","url":null,"abstract":"Irrigated agriculture is the major determinant of economic growth potential as it accounts for 20% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the country. The current study focuses on the qualitative and quantitative assessment of groundwater in three districts i.e., Okara, Sahiwal and Khanewal of the Punjab province of Pakistan, which are considered highly fertile for agriculture production. The data were acquired from the Punjab Irrigation Department (PID) for 10 years (2010-2020) to assess the spatio-temporal patterns. The spatiotemporal mapping and variability of depth to the water table, electrical conductivity (EC), sodium absorption ratio (SAR), and residual sodium carbonate (RSC) were done as per the standards of the World Health Organization (WHO) and Punjab Irrigation Department using inverse distance weighting (IDW) statistical approach of GIS Techniques. The finding of the study revealed that overall water quality in the study area was reported as “fit” by following the WHO standards, whereas as per Punjab Irrigation Department standards, it was observed, as “Moderately fit”. Moreover, in Sahiwal, Okara, and Khanewal districts, the average depth of the water table declined from 2010 to 2015 by 0.619, 1.286, and 0.164 metres and then increased from 2016 to 2020 by 1.698, 1.421 and 0.830 metres, respectively. Although currently the quality and quantity of groundwater were not in critical condition, with continued carelessness and the release of additional water from aquifers, these conditions could deteriorate in the near future. So, developing a suitable mechanism for supplying surface water to farmers, and adapting environmentally acceptable methods of recharging aquifers is much needed.","PeriodicalId":37517,"journal":{"name":"Geography, Environment, Sustainability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139532387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-12DOI: 10.24057/2071-9388-2023-2748
N. Reutova, T. Reutova, F. Dreeva, A. M. Khutuev
Arsenic is ranked as a significant global health hazard associated with potable water. The present study assesses the arsenic pollution of the surface waters in the mountainous regions of the central part of the North Caucasus due to the presence of geochemical anomalies and the potential health risk by its consumption for the residents. The studies were carried out from 2016 to 2022. The surface waters of 5 main rivers of the region (Kuban, Malka, Baksan, Chegem and Cherek) with their main tributaries have been studied. Samples were taken during the period of intensive melting of glaciers (summer). The determination of the soluble form of arsenic was carried out using the method of atomic absorption spectrometry. In general, arsenic concentrations in this region are lower than Clark values for river waters. Along with this, watercourses with high and very high concentrations of arsenic have been identified. Elevated concentrations of arsenic in surface waters spatially coincide with the location of geochemical anomalies. The most polluted is the Baksan River. The levels of surface waters pollution from natural and anthropogenic sources are almost the same (up to 100 µg/dm3). In this regard, an assessment of the health hazard was carried out. For residents receiving drinking water from wells located at the southern foot of Elbrus, the carcinogenic risk for adults was 4.51×10-4, which is unacceptable for the general population. The non–carcinogenic risk was 1.00 - the maximum permissible risk causing concern.
{"title":"Arsenic In Surface Waters In The Central Part Of The North Caucasus And Correspondent Health Risk Assessment","authors":"N. Reutova, T. Reutova, F. Dreeva, A. M. Khutuev","doi":"10.24057/2071-9388-2023-2748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2023-2748","url":null,"abstract":"Arsenic is ranked as a significant global health hazard associated with potable water. The present study assesses the arsenic pollution of the surface waters in the mountainous regions of the central part of the North Caucasus due to the presence of geochemical anomalies and the potential health risk by its consumption for the residents. The studies were carried out from 2016 to 2022. The surface waters of 5 main rivers of the region (Kuban, Malka, Baksan, Chegem and Cherek) with their main tributaries have been studied. Samples were taken during the period of intensive melting of glaciers (summer). The determination of the soluble form of arsenic was carried out using the method of atomic absorption spectrometry. In general, arsenic concentrations in this region are lower than Clark values for river waters. Along with this, watercourses with high and very high concentrations of arsenic have been identified. Elevated concentrations of arsenic in surface waters spatially coincide with the location of geochemical anomalies. The most polluted is the Baksan River. The levels of surface waters pollution from natural and anthropogenic sources are almost the same (up to 100 µg/dm3). In this regard, an assessment of the health hazard was carried out. For residents receiving drinking water from wells located at the southern foot of Elbrus, the carcinogenic risk for adults was 4.51×10-4, which is unacceptable for the general population. The non–carcinogenic risk was 1.00 - the maximum permissible risk causing concern.","PeriodicalId":37517,"journal":{"name":"Geography, Environment, Sustainability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139531820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-12DOI: 10.24057/2071-9388-2023-2772
D. Samulenkov, M. Sapunov
The results of lidar sensing of aerosol pollution in St. Petersburg (Russia) were compared with ones located in Minsk (Belarus) and Kuopio (Finland) to assess the impact of large cities on atmospheric pollution by aerosol particles. For comparison, aerosol optical depth (AOD) data obtained at the three stations from 2014 to 2021 were used. Lidar sounding of atmospheric aerosols was carried out using aerosol Nd:YAG lasers operating at three wavelengths: 355, 532 and 1064 nm. Due to differences in the lidar station equipment characteristics and, consequently, in the lower limit for determining aerosols, the aerosol optical depth was compared in the range of heights from 800 to 1600 m at 355 and 532 nm. Since the compared stations do not have data for all years, the period from 2014 to 2016 was analyzed separately. The average annual AOD 355 in Minsk in the period 2014-2016 is almost the same as the average annual AOD in St. Petersburg. When comparing data in St. Petersburg and Minsk for the period 2014-2020, AOD 355 in St. Petersburg exceeds AOD 355 in Minsk by 1.46 times. AOD 532 nm in Minsk is larger than in St. Petersburg, regardless of the chosen comparison period. The average annual AOT 355 in Kuopio is lower than in Minsk and St. Petersburg by 2.1 times, while at a wavelength of 532 nm they are 3.6 times lower than in Minsk and 2.6 times in St. Petersburg. The calculated Angstrom exponent coefficient shows that the coarse mode in Minsk is higher than in St. Petersburg. The atmosphere over Kuopio has a lower content of aerosol particles. Since 2017, there was a steady excess of aerosol content over St. Petersburg compared to Minsk. Additionally, a comparison of the lidar data with the total AOD of AERONET stations located in Kuopio, Minsk and Peterhof (25 km from the lidar station in St. Petersburg) was carried out. The AOD obtained by lidar and AERONET method is in good agreement.
{"title":"The Aerosol Pollution Of The Atmosphere On The Example Of Lidar Sensing Data In St. Petersburg (Russia), Kuopio (Finland), Minsk (Belarus)","authors":"D. Samulenkov, M. Sapunov","doi":"10.24057/2071-9388-2023-2772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2023-2772","url":null,"abstract":"The results of lidar sensing of aerosol pollution in St. Petersburg (Russia) were compared with ones located in Minsk (Belarus) and Kuopio (Finland) to assess the impact of large cities on atmospheric pollution by aerosol particles. For comparison, aerosol optical depth (AOD) data obtained at the three stations from 2014 to 2021 were used. Lidar sounding of atmospheric aerosols was carried out using aerosol Nd:YAG lasers operating at three wavelengths: 355, 532 and 1064 nm. Due to differences in the lidar station equipment characteristics and, consequently, in the lower limit for determining aerosols, the aerosol optical depth was compared in the range of heights from 800 to 1600 m at 355 and 532 nm. Since the compared stations do not have data for all years, the period from 2014 to 2016 was analyzed separately. The average annual AOD 355 in Minsk in the period 2014-2016 is almost the same as the average annual AOD in St. Petersburg. When comparing data in St. Petersburg and Minsk for the period 2014-2020, AOD 355 in St. Petersburg exceeds AOD 355 in Minsk by 1.46 times. AOD 532 nm in Minsk is larger than in St. Petersburg, regardless of the chosen comparison period. The average annual AOT 355 in Kuopio is lower than in Minsk and St. Petersburg by 2.1 times, while at a wavelength of 532 nm they are 3.6 times lower than in Minsk and 2.6 times in St. Petersburg. The calculated Angstrom exponent coefficient shows that the coarse mode in Minsk is higher than in St. Petersburg. The atmosphere over Kuopio has a lower content of aerosol particles. Since 2017, there was a steady excess of aerosol content over St. Petersburg compared to Minsk. Additionally, a comparison of the lidar data with the total AOD of AERONET stations located in Kuopio, Minsk and Peterhof (25 km from the lidar station in St. Petersburg) was carried out. The AOD obtained by lidar and AERONET method is in good agreement.","PeriodicalId":37517,"journal":{"name":"Geography, Environment, Sustainability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139625188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-12DOI: 10.24057/2071-9388-2023-2899
V. Y. Grigorev, I. N. Krylenko, A. I. Medvedev, V. M. Stepanenko
Water storage is one of the key components of terrestrial water balance, therefore its accurate assessment is necessary for a sufficient description of hydrological processes within river basins. Here we compare terrestrial water storage using calibrated hydrological model ECOMAG forced by gauge observations, uncalibrated INM RAS–MSU land surface model forced by reanalysis and GRACE satellite-based data over Northern Dvina and Pechora River basins. To clearly identify differences between the datasets long-term, seasonal and residual components were derived. Results show a predominance of the seasonal component variability over the region (~64% of the total) by all datasets but INM RAS–MSU shows a substantial percentage of long-term component variability as well (~31%), while GRACE and ECOMAG demonstrate the magnitude around 18%. Moreover, INM RAS–MSU shows lowest magnitude of annual range. ECOMAG and INM RAS–MSU is distinguished by earliest begin of TWS decline in spring, while GRACE demonstrates latest dates. Overall, ECOMAG has shown the lowest magnitude of random error from 9 mm for Northern Dvina basin to 10 mm for Pechora basin, while INM RAS–MSU has shown largest one.
{"title":"Evaluation Of Terrestrial Water Storage Products From Remote Sensing, Land Surface Model And Regional Hydrological Model Over Northern European Russia","authors":"V. Y. Grigorev, I. N. Krylenko, A. I. Medvedev, V. M. Stepanenko","doi":"10.24057/2071-9388-2023-2899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2023-2899","url":null,"abstract":"Water storage is one of the key components of terrestrial water balance, therefore its accurate assessment is necessary for a sufficient description of hydrological processes within river basins. Here we compare terrestrial water storage using calibrated hydrological model ECOMAG forced by gauge observations, uncalibrated INM RAS–MSU land surface model forced by reanalysis and GRACE satellite-based data over Northern Dvina and Pechora River basins. To clearly identify differences between the datasets long-term, seasonal and residual components were derived. Results show a predominance of the seasonal component variability over the region (~64% of the total) by all datasets but INM RAS–MSU shows a substantial percentage of long-term component variability as well (~31%), while GRACE and ECOMAG demonstrate the magnitude around 18%. Moreover, INM RAS–MSU shows lowest magnitude of annual range. ECOMAG and INM RAS–MSU is distinguished by earliest begin of TWS decline in spring, while GRACE demonstrates latest dates. Overall, ECOMAG has shown the lowest magnitude of random error from 9 mm for Northern Dvina basin to 10 mm for Pechora basin, while INM RAS–MSU has shown largest one.","PeriodicalId":37517,"journal":{"name":"Geography, Environment, Sustainability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139533258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-08DOI: 10.24057/2071-9388-2023-2907
A. V. Pogorelov, A. A. Laguta, P B. Netrebin, D. A. Lipilin
Morphometric descriptions of reservoirs are usually limited to the type, shape, altitude position, bed size and volume of water in them. The article presents the results of the analysis of the bottom topography of the Krasnodar reservoir and the transformations of this for 2005-2021. The analysis was carried out based on the materials of bathymetric surveys for the usable volume of the reservoir on an area of 224 km 2 with the creation of digital elevation models. The topography of the reservoir bottom is represented by flat sections of flooded accumulative plain with prevailing slopes of about 0.2–0.4°, dissected by riverbeds of lower-order tributaries. The transformation of the topography is caused by gradual silting. The total volume of sediments for this area in 2005-2021 amounted to 127 million m 3 with an average siltation layer of 0.4 m. To describe the morphological properties of the bottom topography, we used geomorphometry techniques with the calculation of the BPI index (Bathymetric Position Index) and the classification of mesoscale topography forms based on it. For the riverbed, there are topography forms related to three types of surfaces: flat (Lower Bank Shelves), concave (Depressions, Deep Depressions) and convex (Reef Crests, Back Reefs, Mid-Slope Ridges). The constructed maps reflect the differentiated morphology of the bed surface, the evolution of topography forms and the change in roughness under conditions of continuous transformation of the basin and allow judging the prevailing morphogenetic processes. Morphologically, the coastal zone and the shallow part of the riverbed are the most difficult to construct. Here, along with long-shore reef crests of different genesis, deep depressions and simple depressions in the form of underwater channels on the deltas of extension can form on the accumulative shoal.
储层的形态计量学描述通常局限于储层的类型、形状、海拔位置、层位大小和储层水量。本文介绍了克拉斯诺达尔水库底部地形的分析结果及其2005-2021年的变化。根据水深测量资料，在224 km2范围内对水库可用容积进行了分析，建立了数字高程模型。库底地形为普遍坡度约为0.2 ~ 0.4°的平坦泛洪积平原，被低阶支流的河床所分割。地形的变化是由逐渐淤积引起的。2005-2021年，该地区沉积物总量为1.27亿m3，平均淤积层为0.4 m。为了描述海底地形的形态特征，我们使用了地貌学技术，计算了BPI指数(Bathymetric Position index)，并在此基础上对中尺度地形形态进行了分类。河床的地形形式与三种类型的表面有关:平(下岸架)、凹(洼地、深洼地)和凸(礁峰、后礁、中坡脊)。构造图反映了盆地在持续改造条件下床面形态的分异、地形形态的演化和粗糙度的变化，可以判断主要的形态形成过程。在地形上，海岸带和河床浅部是最难建设的。在这里，累积浅滩上可形成不同成因的长岸礁峰，在伸展三角洲上可形成水下河道形式的深坳陷和简单坳陷。
{"title":"Analysis of the Bottom Topography of the Reservoir Due to Sediment Trapping (According to the Krasnodar Reservoir, Russia)","authors":"A. V. Pogorelov, A. A. Laguta, P B. Netrebin, D. A. Lipilin","doi":"10.24057/2071-9388-2023-2907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2023-2907","url":null,"abstract":"Morphometric descriptions of reservoirs are usually limited to the type, shape, altitude position, bed size and volume of water in them. The article presents the results of the analysis of the bottom topography of the Krasnodar reservoir and the transformations of this for 2005-2021. The analysis was carried out based on the materials of bathymetric surveys for the usable volume of the reservoir on an area of 224 km 2 with the creation of digital elevation models. The topography of the reservoir bottom is represented by flat sections of flooded accumulative plain with prevailing slopes of about 0.2–0.4°, dissected by riverbeds of lower-order tributaries. The transformation of the topography is caused by gradual silting. The total volume of sediments for this area in 2005-2021 amounted to 127 million m 3 with an average siltation layer of 0.4 m. To describe the morphological properties of the bottom topography, we used geomorphometry techniques with the calculation of the BPI index (Bathymetric Position Index) and the classification of mesoscale topography forms based on it. For the riverbed, there are topography forms related to three types of surfaces: flat (Lower Bank Shelves), concave (Depressions, Deep Depressions) and convex (Reef Crests, Back Reefs, Mid-Slope Ridges). The constructed maps reflect the differentiated morphology of the bed surface, the evolution of topography forms and the change in roughness under conditions of continuous transformation of the basin and allow judging the prevailing morphogenetic processes. Morphologically, the coastal zone and the shallow part of the riverbed are the most difficult to construct. Here, along with long-shore reef crests of different genesis, deep depressions and simple depressions in the form of underwater channels on the deltas of extension can form on the accumulative shoal.","PeriodicalId":37517,"journal":{"name":"Geography, Environment, Sustainability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135197805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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