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Assessment Of Air Pollution And Its Association With Population Health: Geo-Statistical Evidence From Pakistan 空气污染及其与人口健康的关系评估:来自巴基斯坦的地理统计证据
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-28 DOI: 10.24057/2071-9388-2022-155
M. Fatima, I. Butt, Muhammad Nasar-u-Minallah, Asad Atta, Gong Cheng
Human health is harmed by air pollution. The objective of this research was to show that air pollution in Pakistan is getting worse and is negatively impacting people’s health. IQ Air and the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation provided the data for this descriptive research. Monthly data of PM2.5 μg/m³ from ten different localities across Pakistan are used to show spatial distribution through the geospatial technique of interpolation. The findings show that two third of the country has high PM2.5 concentration, with Lahore as the most polluted city. In Pakistan, solid fuel use has decreased, leading to a decline in associated mortality and morbidity. However, there have been significant increases in PM2.5 and ozone levels, resulting in a rise in the country’s overall health burden caused by air pollution. Furthermore, the number of deaths attributed to air pollution has also increased since 1990.  A total of 57% of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 40% of lower respiratory infections, 36% of ischemic stroke, 35% of ischemic heart diseases, 32% of lung cancer, 25% of diabetes, and 20% of neonatal outcomes are directly attributed to air pollution in Pakistan. The main contributors to air pollution are population growth, growing motorization, and unsustainable energy usage. The main challenges due to air pollution control and monitoring in Pakistan include a lack of awareness, poor policy creation and implementation, the use of improper fuel, rising energy demands, and an absence of pollution monitoring stations in most cities. Therefore, there is a need for a robust air pollution monitoring system, increased public awareness, and the implementation of clean and sustainable policies to regulate this environmental health issue. 
空气污染危害人类健康。这项研究的目的是表明巴基斯坦的空气污染正在恶化,并对人们的健康产生负面影响。IQ Air和健康指标与评估研究所为这项描述性研究提供了数据。巴基斯坦十个不同地区PM2.5μg/m³的月度数据用于通过插值的地理空间技术显示空间分布。调查结果显示,全国三分之二的地区PM2.5浓度较高,拉合尔是污染最严重的城市。在巴基斯坦,固体燃料的使用有所减少,导致相关死亡率和发病率下降。然而,PM2.5和臭氧水平显著上升,导致空气污染导致该国整体健康负担增加。此外,自1990年以来,空气污染造成的死亡人数也有所增加。在巴基斯坦,57%的慢性阻塞性肺病、40%的下呼吸道感染、36%的缺血性中风、35%的缺血性心脏病、32%的癌症、25%的糖尿病和20%的新生儿直接死于空气污染。空气污染的主要原因是人口增长、日益增长的机动化和不可持续的能源使用。巴基斯坦空气污染控制和监测面临的主要挑战包括缺乏认识、政策制定和执行不力、燃料使用不当、能源需求增加,以及大多数城市缺乏污染监测站。因此,需要一个强有力的空气污染监测系统,提高公众意识,并实施清洁和可持续的政策来规范这一环境健康问题。
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引用次数: 1
CO2 Exchange Of Seedlings Of Rhizophora Apiculata Bl. In Artificial And Natural Mangrove Forests Of Southern Vietnam 越南南部人工和天然红树林中尖根蒿幼苗CO2交换的研究
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-28 DOI: 10.24057/2071-9388-2022-111
N. G. Zhirenko, Van Thinh Nguyen, Juliya A. Kurbatova
Mangrove forests are an important part of tropical coastal ecosystems. Until recently, these forests were intensively exterminated. Currently, the issue of mangrove conservation is being discussed at a number of symposiums due to their significant role in reducing the effects of greenhouse gas emissions. However, there has recently been uncertainty in estimation of CO2 fluxes in mangrove forests due to a lack of field research. The results of studies of photosynthesis at the leaf level in-situ in seedlings of Rhizophora apiculata Blume, 1827 of both natural and artificial origin are presented. The studies were carried out on a mangrove plantation growing in Can Gio Mangrove Biosphere Reserve, which is 50 kilometres from Ho Chi Minh City (South Vietnam). CO2 gas exchange during photosynthesis was measured using a gas analysing system called the LI-6800 (USA). Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is the main factor affecting the photosynthesis of the studied seedlings. Artificial seedlings that were grown in open areas had higher productivity and greater photosynthetic rates. It has been determined that the measured photosynthesis are scattered over three clearly marked zones, which correspond to the measurements of photosynthesis made in the pre-noon, noon and afternoon hours. The water reserves used up before noon were not fully replenished in the afternoon by the seedlings. Based on the results obtained, it has been suggested that the main inhibitory factor affecting the photosynthesis of R. apiculata (if PAR is not taken into account) is a violation of the water balance of the leaves.The optimum air temperature for photosynthesis processes in seedlings is (35 ± 2) °C. The intensity of photosynthesis also increases with an increase in the concentration of CO2 in the air. The increases of photosynthesis continue until the concentration of CO2 reaches ~1000 µmol·mol-1 and then do not increase. We associate this circumstance with the maximum possibilities of the photosynthetic apparatus of the leaf of the studied plant. The obtained research results will contribute to a better theoretical understanding of the productivity of plants of this species in the respective ecosystems, and will also allow us to move from photosynthesis at the leaf level to photosynthesis at the planting level. The work’s mathematical models can be used to model changes in R. apiculata photosynthesis from the point of view of climate change.
红树林是热带沿海生态系统的重要组成部分。直到最近,这些森林才被大量灭绝。目前,由于红树林在减少温室气体排放方面的重要作用,许多专题讨论会正在讨论红树林保护问题。然而,由于缺乏实地研究,最近对红树林中二氧化碳通量的估计存在不确定性。本文报道了天然和人工来源的尖根草(Rhizophora apiculata Blume, 1827)幼苗叶片水平光合作用的原位研究结果。这些研究是在距离胡志明市(越南南部)50公里的芹焦红树林生物圈保护区的一个红树林种植园进行的。光合作用过程中的CO2气体交换使用LI-6800(美国)气体分析系统进行测量。光合有效辐射(PAR)是影响所研究幼苗光合作用的主要因素。在开阔地区种植的人工幼苗具有更高的生产力和更高的光合速率。已经确定,测量的光合作用分散在三个明确标记的区域,这与中午前,中午和下午的光合作用测量相对应。中午之前消耗掉的水分,到了下午还没有被幼苗充分补充。根据所获得的结果,认为影响尖叶蒿光合作用的主要抑制因素(如果不考虑PAR)是对叶片水分平衡的破坏。幼苗光合作用的最适温度为(35±2)℃。光合作用的强度也随着空气中二氧化碳浓度的增加而增加。在CO2浓度达到~1000µmol·mol-1后,光合作用继续增加,不再增加。我们把这种情况与所研究植物叶片的光合装置的最大可能性联系起来。获得的研究结果将有助于更好地从理论上了解该物种在各自生态系统中的植物生产力,并使我们能够从叶片水平的光合作用转向种植水平的光合作用。这项工作的数学模型可以从气候变化的角度来模拟尖叶蒿光合作用的变化。
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引用次数: 0
Large-Scale Hydromorphological Characteristics Of The Proglacial River Katun (Ob Headwaters) 前冰川卡顿河(Ob水源)的大尺度水文地貌特征
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-28 DOI: 10.24057/2071-9388-2022-022
Friedrich Seidl, Markus Reisenbüchler, P. Rutschmann, L. Yanygina, M. Schletterer
During the industrialization in Europe, rivers were straightened and designed to fit human activities, thus nowadays only a few natural river systems remain as reference conditions as well as guiding principles for river restoration projects. Therefore, the natural state of some river types is often described using historic records and maps. This study aims to analyze the key characteristics of a pristine proglacial river Katun in the Altai mountains and contribute to the knowledge about reference conditions. For this purpose, hydromorphological characteristics like slope, sinuosity and river width of the river Katun were analysed and summarized using different GIS techniques. Additionally, pebble counts were carried out to assess the changing sediment composition along the longitudinal continuum. Combined with River Habitat Surveys and a one-dimensional flow simulation using HEC-RAS it was possible to give a holistic overview of the dynamic fluvial system Katun in its upper, middle and lower reaches. The results confirmed the relationship between the river and its surrounding topography as they clearly show the lateral development of the Katun. As shown for the individual parameters (e.g., slope, width, depth, flow velocity, shear stress), they influence each other and are strongly dependent and characteristic for each river section. In the context of revitalisation of straightened and / or channelized river courses, it is important to focus on the processes of this interaction and provide suitable space for lateral expansion. The study can be seen as a recommendation on how to analyse hydromorphological characteristics of fluvial systems as well as to establish guiding principles in river restoration using remote sensing.
在欧洲工业化期间,河流被拉直并设计成适合人类活动,因此如今只有少数天然河流系统作为河流修复项目的参考条件和指导原则。因此,一些河流类型的自然状态经常使用历史记录和地图来描述。本研究旨在分析阿尔泰山脉一条原始前冰川河流卡顿的主要特征,并为了解参考条件做出贡献。为此,利用不同的地理信息系统技术,分析和总结了卡屯河的坡度、弯度和河流宽度等水文地貌特征。此外,还进行了卵石计数,以评估沿纵向连续体变化的沉积物成分。结合河流栖息地调查和使用HEC-RAS的一维流量模拟,可以对卡顿上游、中游和下游的动态河流系统进行全面概述。结果证实了河流及其周围地形之间的关系,因为它们清楚地显示了卡顿河的横向发展。如图所示,各个参数(例如,坡度、宽度、深度、流速、剪切应力)相互影响,并且具有很强的相关性和每个河段的特点。在振兴拉直和/或渠化河道的背景下,重要的是要关注这种相互作用的过程,并为横向扩张提供合适的空间。这项研究可以被视为对如何分析河流系统的水文形态特征以及建立利用遥感进行河流恢复的指导原则的建议。
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引用次数: 2
Cenderawasih Hot Pool: The Frequent High Sea Surface Temperature Phenomena At Cenderawasih Bay, Papua 钦德拉瓦西热池:钦德拉瓦西湾频繁的高海表温度现象
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-28 DOI: 10.24057/2071-9388-2022-156
A. Jalil, A. Wirasatriya, Abdul Malik, F. Ramdani, Puji Rahmadi, G. Harsono, R. Setiawan
The term “warm pool” refers to a body of water with the characteristic of SST exceeding 28°C within a particular area and a relatively long period in an annual circle. However, there are regions with an annual mean SST measured above 30°C, and we classified them as hot pools because of the conditions of intense solar radiation and low wind speed. One of the Hot Pool spots was found in Indonesia, in Cenderawasih Bay. The present study examines the existence of the Cenderawasih Hot Pool using long-term observation of satellite SST data. In order to learn more about their mechanisms, we also analyzed surface wind, surface heat flux, and surface current data. The results show that SSTs in Cenderawasih Bay have a 50% chance of exceeding 30°C within the 13 years of study (2013-2015). Heat input comes from strong solar radiation, i.e., 50% of solar radiation is more than 200 W/m2. The location is also dominated by low wind speed, i.e., 80% wind speed of lower than 4 m/s, which caused the low latent loss in Cenderawasih Bay. Cenderawasih Bay is fully separated from surface currents during the dry and wet seasons since the easterly subsurface water flow does not enter the bay. The absence of strong currents prevents the mixing process, maintaining the high temperature in the surface layer. Those processes are discovered and they serve as compelling evidence to support Cenderawasih Bay as one of the Hot Pool areas within the Indonesian seas.
“暖池”是指在某一特定区域内,年周期中相对较长的一段时间内,海温特征超过28℃的水体。但也有年平均海温高于30℃的区域,由于太阳辐射强、风速小,我们将其划分为热池区。其中一个热点是在印度尼西亚的新德拉瓦西湾发现的。本研究利用卫星海温资料的长期观测来检验Cenderawasih热池的存在。为了进一步了解它们的机制,我们还分析了地表风、地表热通量和地表电流数据。结果表明,在13年的研究期间(2013-2015年),Cenderawasih湾的SSTs有50%的机会超过30°C。热输入来自强烈的太阳辐射,即50%的太阳辐射大于200w /m2。此外,该地区以低风速为主,80%的风速低于4 m/s,这使得Cenderawasih湾的潜在损失较小。Cenderawasih湾在旱季和雨季与地表水流完全分离,因为偏东的地下水流不会进入海湾。没有强电流阻止了混合过程,保持了表层的高温。这些过程被发现了,它们作为有力的证据支持新德拉瓦西湾是印度尼西亚海域内的热池区之一。
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引用次数: 0
Aeropalynological Profile Of Cherepovets And Vologda, The Cities Of Vologda Region, Nw Russia Cherepovets和Vologda,俄罗斯西北部Vologda地区城市的空气孢粉学概况
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-28 DOI: 10.24057/2071-9388-2022-140
Alexandra Kamygina, Yulia Tabunova, N. Afanasyeva, N. Poddubnaya
The article presents data on the composition and seasonal dynamics of airborne pollen in Cherepovets and Vologda. The study was carried out from April 10 to September 30, 2014 and from April 16 to August 31, 2015 in Cherepovets, and from June 3 to September 30, 2019 in Vologda. Pollen data were obtained from the Durham gravimetric samplers. Samples were collected daily. Twenty-one types of pollen have been identified, ten of which are the most common allergenic types (Alnus, Artemisia, Betula, Fraxinus, Salix, Plantago, Poaceae, Quercus, Rumex, Urtica), which account for more than 50% of all pollen that has been registered. The article contains pollen calendars showing two peaks of pollen grain quantity: spring (from last decade of April to May), summer (from the end of June to the middle of July). Betula (30%) and Asteraceae (28%) pollen dominate in the pollen spectrum. Pinus (20%), Plantago (6%) and Poaceae (5%) also play an important role in the regional spectrum. The results show the presence of allergenic pollen from different taxa throughout the study. The proportion of damaged pollen grains is approximately 2%, which corresponds to the norm in natural population in normal condition. This data can become the basis for developing recommendations for reducing the level of pollinosis in the Vologda Region.
本文介绍了Cherepovets和Vologda空气中花粉的组成和季节动态数据。该研究于2014年4月10日至9月30日、2015年4月16日至8月31日在Cherepovets和2019年6月3日至9日30日在Vologda进行。花粉数据是从达勒姆重量采样器中获得的。每天采集样本。已鉴定出21种花粉,其中10种是最常见的致敏类型(Alnus、Artemisia、Betula、Fraxinus、Salix、Plantago、Poaceae、Quercus、Rumex、Urtica),占已登记花粉总数的50%以上。这篇文章包含了花粉日历,显示了花粉粒数量的两个峰值:春季(从4月到5月的最后十年)和夏季(从6月底到7月中旬)。桦树(30%)和菊科(28%)花粉在花粉谱中占主导地位。Pinus(20%)、Plantago(6%)和Poaceae(5%)在区域光谱中也起着重要作用。研究结果表明,在整个研究过程中,存在来自不同分类群的致敏花粉。受损花粉粒的比例约为2%,这与正常情况下自然种群的正常比例相对应。这些数据可以成为制定降低沃洛格达地区花粉症水平的建议的基础。
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引用次数: 0
Quantifying Land Use Change Dynamics In Agrotourism Destinations: A Case Study From Venda Nova Do Imigrante, Brazil 量化农业旅游目的地的土地利用变化动态:以巴西Venda Nova Do Imigrante为例
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-28 DOI: 10.24057/2071-9388-2022-115
Juan David Méndez-Quintero, Charles Oliveira Fonseca Mail, M. Nero, Carlos Fernando Ferreira Lobo, S. Ribeiro
Agrotourism is one of the main economic activities in the municipality of Venda Nova do Imigrante, located in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. The objective of this research was to analyse the landscape changes generated by this economic activity. The methodology’s development through a stratified random selection, the thematic quality of the maps from the MAPBIOMAS platform was assessed. A confusion matrix was produced, and the kappa coefficient was calculated. Landscape metrics, Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) from Instagram and Flickr Social Networks, satellite images and free Brazilian databases were used, along with the use of open source GIS software to analyse changes use and cover of land in the municipality generated over a period of 30 years and its relationship with agrotourism. In the results, it was obtained that the thematic quality of maps from the MAPBIOMAS platform was acceptable, the analysis of VGI in social networks was identified agrotourism farms located mainly in the south-east area of Venda Nova do Imigrante, the analysis of changes in land use and cover showed that the city had an increase in urban area around the Federal Highway BR-262 that cuts through the city and rural areas, as well as in the agrotourism farms evaluated, there was an increase in agricultural areas and planted forests. 
农业旅游是位于巴西圣埃斯皮里托州的Venda Nova do Imigrante市的主要经济活动之一。本研究的目的是分析这种经济活动所产生的景观变化。该方法通过分层随机选择进行开发,评估了MAPBIOMAS平台地图的主题质量。生成混淆矩阵,并计算kappa系数。使用了景观指标、来自Instagram和Flickr社交网络的志愿地理信息、卫星图像和免费巴西数据库,并使用开源GIS软件来分析30年来该市土地使用和覆盖的变化及其与农业旅游的关系。结果表明,MAPBIOMAS平台地图的主题质量是可以接受的,社交网络中的VGI分析确定了主要位于Venda Nova do Imigrante东南部地区的农业旅游农场,对土地利用和覆盖变化的分析表明,该市穿过城市和农村地区的BR-262联邦公路周围的城市面积有所增加,在评估的农业旅游农场中,农业面积和种植的森林也有所增加。
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引用次数: 0
Problems Of Sustainable Management Of Water Resources Of Lake Sevan And Its Basin 塞万湖及其流域水资源可持续管理的若干问题
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-28 DOI: 10.24057/2071-9388-2023-007
Trahel G. Vardanyan
Numerous rivers, lakes and other water features have suffered significant alterations as a result of human economic activity. As a result, hydrometric, hydrological, biological, ecological conditions, as well as morphometric elements of these objects were violated. In this regard, Lake Sevan and its basin might be used as a well-known example. There has never been any instance in the history of limnology where a lake’s level was artificially lowered by 18 meters over 3 to 4 decades (1930–1970), and by another 2 meters at the end of the 20th century (1990–2000). Additionally, the lake’s water volume dropped from 58 billion m3 to 32 billion m3. The Sevan problem first surfaced in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is still a problem today. However, it has many meanings/soundings at different times. Based on this, we usually divided the entire study period into several stages. It should be noted that the ecosystem has suffered irreparable losses as a result of the use of the Lake Sevan resources, inadequate water resource management, and both positive and negative effects of these factors. We disagree with the assertions of many experts that problems can only be prevented or solved by raising the lake level. Therefore, extensive actions must be taken in the Sevan basin management area, regardless of the lake’s level.
由于人类的经济活动,许多河流、湖泊和其他水景发生了重大变化。因此,这些物体的水文、水文、生物、生态条件以及形态计量要素都受到了侵犯。在这方面,塞万湖及其流域可以作为一个众所周知的例子。湖沼学史上从未有过在3-4年(1930-1970)内人工将湖泊水位降低18米,在20世纪末(1990-2000)又降低了2米的例子。此外,该湖的水量从580亿立方米下降到320亿立方米。塞万问题最早出现在19世纪末和20世纪初,至今仍是一个问题。然而,它在不同的时间有许多含义/发音。基于此,我们通常将整个学习阶段划分为几个阶段。应该指出的是,由于塞万湖资源的使用、水资源管理不足以及这些因素的积极和消极影响,生态系统遭受了无法弥补的损失。我们不同意许多专家的说法,即只有提高湖面才能防止或解决问题。因此,无论湖泊水位如何,都必须在塞万流域管理区采取广泛行动。
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引用次数: 0
Effect Of Land-Use Changes On Landscape Fragmentation: The Case Of Ramallah Area In Central Palestine 土地利用变化对景观破碎化的影响——以巴勒斯坦中部拉马拉地区为例
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-28 DOI: 10.24057/2071-9388-2022-136
Mohammad Muhsen, A. Hammad, Mustapha Elhannani
The urban sprawl of cities periphery is one of such changes that has led to drastic land-use changes, which resulted in landscape fragmentation. The objective of this study is to understand the process of landscape fragmentation because of urban expansion; identifying the most influential drivers that have changed the land-use. To achieve the objectives due to changes in land use, a study had conducted in Ramallah area of Palestine. The study utilized Fragstat software to quantify the landscape changes with regard to its pattern and structure through a number of indices, also using Geographic Information System tool to draw up different landscape parcels spatially with its characteristics. The spatial analysis carried out on the land-use change used the 1997 and 2017 aerial photos to quantify the landscape fragmentation, which included a variety of land-uses. Over 52% of the study area underwent noticeable urbanization process, resulting in appreciable landscape changes to the area, especially after 1993. The statistical analysis of the landscape fragmentation revealed significant changes in land-use during the period from 1997 to 2017; the green landscape has been fragmented at a large scale by increasing the number of landscape patches (from 71 to 148 patches). As a result, there was an obvious reduction in agricultural lands, such as olive groves and grassland. At the same time, the urban surface areas increased from 654 patches in 1997 to 2019 patches in 2017. These results indicate that the landscape has become more fragmented due to geopolitical and socio-economic drivers since mid-1995 after Oslo accord.
城市边缘的城市扩张就是这种变化之一,它导致了土地利用的剧烈变化,从而导致景观破碎化。研究的目的是了解城市扩张导致的景观破碎化过程;确定改变土地利用的最具影响力的驱动因素。为了实现土地利用变化的目标,在巴勒斯坦拉马拉地区进行了一项研究。本研究利用Fragstat软件,通过多个指数量化景观格局和结构的变化,并利用地理信息系统工具绘制不同景观包的空间特征。利用1997年和2017年的航空照片对土地利用变化进行空间分析,量化景观破碎化,其中包括多种土地利用方式。超过52%的研究区域经历了明显的城市化进程,导致该区域的景观发生了明显的变化,特别是在1993年之后。景观破碎化的统计分析表明,1997 - 2017年土地利用发生了显著变化;随着景观斑块数量的增加(从71个增加到148个),绿地景观已大规模破碎化。因此,农业用地,如橄榄园和草地明显减少。与此同时,城市地表面积从1997年的654个斑块增加到2017年的2019个斑块。这些结果表明,自1995年中期《奥斯陆协定》之后,由于地缘政治和社会经济驱动因素,景观变得更加碎片化。
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引用次数: 0
Perceptions Of Villagers On Environmental Development Of Rural China In The Context Of Rapid Urbanization 快速城市化背景下村民对中国农村环境发展的看法
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-27 DOI: 10.24057/2071-9388-2022-063
Xiaolei Zhao, Shuo Shen, Hai-ying Teng, Shuping Zhang, Ren-chao Wang
. In the context of rapid urbanization, pollution and ecological degradation problems have frequently shown up and influenced environmental sustainability of rural China in the past decades. The rural residents have begun to pay attention to local environment protection, and researchers have been taking public perceptions into regional planning. However, comprehensive studies on the perceptions of villagers on rural environment development still remain less.  This research carried out a face-to-face questionnaire investigation of 187 villages and ten residents from each village at a nationwide scale of China. The investigated village committee managers and residents were interviewed by asking the questions including the existing environmental problems, the targets of rural environment development, the ways to achieve these targets and the willingness to pay for pollution control. The results showed that household waste pollution, air pollution and pesticides pollution etc. are top concerned problems. A big proportion (65%) of the interviewed residents chose “environment with good quality for health” as their preferred living environment. While, more than half of the interviewed village managers took “green villages with sustainable agriculture” as their village development targets. And more than 50% of the interviewed residents advocated to increase the forest coverage rate to mitigate the degeneration of rural ecosystem services. As well, most residents strongly support rural green development and are willing to pay for pollution control. Our findings may provide new insights into rural environment development and rural revitalization in the context of rapid urbanization.
. 近几十年来,在快速城市化的背景下,污染和生态退化问题频繁出现,影响了中国农村环境的可持续性。农村居民开始关注当地的环境保护,研究人员也开始将公众的看法纳入区域规划。然而,关于村民对农村环境发展的认知的综合研究仍然较少。本研究在全国范围内对187个村庄和每个村庄10名居民进行面对面问卷调查。对被调查的村委会管理人员和居民进行访谈,询问其存在的环境问题、农村环境发展目标、实现这些目标的途径、污染治理的支付意愿等问题。结果表明,生活垃圾污染、大气污染和农药污染等是最受关注的问题。大部分受访居民(65%)选择“健康品质良好的环境”作为首选居住环境。而超过半数的受访村长将“农业可持续发展的绿色村庄”作为村级发展目标。超过50%的受访居民主张增加森林覆盖率,以缓解农村生态系统服务功能的退化。此外,大多数居民强烈支持农村绿色发展,并愿意为污染治理买单。研究结果可能为快速城市化背景下的乡村环境发展与乡村振兴提供新的思路。
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引用次数: 1
Flash Flood Hazard Mapping Using Landsat-8 Imagery, Ahp, And Gis In The Ngan Sau And Ngan Pho River Basins, North-Central Vietnam 在越南北部的苏河流域和苏河流域,Flash Flood危险指数使用了land -8 Imagery, Ahp和Gis
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-27 DOI: 10.24057/2071-9388-2022-117
Tien-thanh Nguyen, A. Hoang, Thi-thu-huong Pham, Thi-thu-trang Tran
Flash floods have been blamed for significant losses and destruction all around the world are widely, including Vietnam, a developing nation that has been particularly hard hit by climate change. Therefore, flash flood hazards are essential for reducing flood risks. The topographic wetness index (TWI), altitude, slope, aspect, rainfall, land cover, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), distances to rivers and roads, and flow length were used in this study to create a spatial database of ten exploratory factors influencing the occurrence of flash floods in the Ngan Sau and Ngan Pho river basins (North-Central Vietnam). Subsequently, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was applied to calculate the weights of these influencing factors. The flood threat was then mapped using GIS techniques. The validation of the flash flood hazards involved 151 flood inventory sites in total. The findings demonstrate that (i) distance from rivers (0.14) and TWI (0.14) factors have the greatest influence on flash flooding, whereas distance from roads (0.06) and NDVI (0.06) factors were found to have the least influence; (ii) a good conformity of 84.8 percent between flood inventory sites and moderate to very high levels of flash flood hazard areas was also discovered; (iii) high and very high flood hazard levels covering areas of 275 and 621.1 km2 were mainly detected along and close to the main rivers and streams, respectively. These results demonstrated the effectiveness of GIS techniques, AHP, and Landsat-8 remote sensing data for flash flood hazard mapping.
山洪暴发被认为在世界各地造成了巨大的损失和破坏,其中包括受气候变化影响特别严重的发展中国家越南。因此,山洪灾害对于降低洪水风险至关重要。本研究利用地形湿度指数(TWI)、海拔、坡度、坡向、降雨量、土地覆盖、归一化植被指数(NDVI)、与河流和道路的距离以及水流长度,建立了影响越南中北部银绍河和银富河流域山洪发生的10个探索因素的空间数据库。然后,运用层次分析法(AHP)计算这些影响因素的权重。然后利用GIS技术绘制洪水威胁地图。山洪灾害的确认共涉及151个洪水库存点。结果表明:(1)距离河流(0.14)和TWI(0.14)因子对山洪暴发的影响最大,距离道路(0.06)和NDVI(0.06)因子的影响最小;(ii)洪涝盘存点与中高洪涝危险区的一致性为84.8%;(iii)主要河流及溪流沿线及附近地区分别有275平方公里及621.1平方公里的高度及高度洪涝灾害。这些结果证明了GIS技术、AHP和Landsat-8遥感数据在山洪灾害制图中的有效性。
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Geography, Environment, Sustainability
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