Pub Date : 2023-01-18DOI: 10.24057/2071-9388-2022-097
O. Petrovskaya, A. Maltsev
The development of bed load calculation methods directly depends on the reliability of the measurement data. The most reliable measurement data remains the data obtained by the volumetric method when observing the filling of reservoirs, borrows, ditches etc. Nevertheless these data are the rarest. In this paper on the base of the data obtained when observing the process of filling of a ditch across the Amur River a comparison of a number of bed load calculation methods is performed. The observations were carried out with a multi-beam echo-sounder during summer floods of 2018, from 21st of July to 22nd of August. Over this time 5 surveys were performed, that allows to have 4 calculation periods for determining bed load yield. The total number of the measurements at different calculation verticals is 108. These data are used for verification of 80 bed load formulas. Four methodological approaches are considered: bed form approach, critical velocity approach, critical water discharge approach and regression approach. The bed form approach has shown the greatest accuracy: 17 formulas out of 26 gave the error less than 60%. For the other 56 methods which were considered only 5 formulas showed the error less than 60%, all of them correspond to the critical velocity approach.
{"title":"Testing Bed Load Transport Formulas: A Case Study Of The Lower Amur Using Bed Load Yield Data Obtained With Multi-Beam Echo-Sounders (Mbes)","authors":"O. Petrovskaya, A. Maltsev","doi":"10.24057/2071-9388-2022-097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2022-097","url":null,"abstract":"The development of bed load calculation methods directly depends on the reliability of the measurement data. The most reliable measurement data remains the data obtained by the volumetric method when observing the filling of reservoirs, borrows, ditches etc. Nevertheless these data are the rarest. In this paper on the base of the data obtained when observing the process of filling of a ditch across the Amur River a comparison of a number of bed load calculation methods is performed. The observations were carried out with a multi-beam echo-sounder during summer floods of 2018, from 21st of July to 22nd of August. Over this time 5 surveys were performed, that allows to have 4 calculation periods for determining bed load yield. The total number of the measurements at different calculation verticals is 108. These data are used for verification of 80 bed load formulas. Four methodological approaches are considered: bed form approach, critical velocity approach, critical water discharge approach and regression approach. The bed form approach has shown the greatest accuracy: 17 formulas out of 26 gave the error less than 60%. For the other 56 methods which were considered only 5 formulas showed the error less than 60%, all of them correspond to the critical velocity approach.","PeriodicalId":37517,"journal":{"name":"Geography, Environment, Sustainability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47671825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-18DOI: 10.24057/2071-9388-2022-047
Bhanwar Singh, Anjan Sen, Ravindra M. Mishra, Ritika Prasad
In the era of the modern world, natural resources are continuously diminishing and simultaneously the human population is also increasing, which is alarming for the present and future world. Global biodiversity is playing a pivotal role in all ecosystem services, meanwhile, anthropogenic activities and encroachment are the main drivers for the widespread loss of local biodiversity. In India, Kumbhalgarh Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in the world’s oldest Aravali Mountain range. Near protected areas of this wildlife sanctuary have an entire concentration of rural populations, which are interdependence with this forest ecosystem. The key objective of the research study is to measure the anthropogenic impact on Kumbhalgarh Wildlife Sanctuary. It’s a micro-level study based on primary and secondary data through GIS mapping as well as Socio-Economic & Physical factors to inter-connect with forest habitats. Especially, core and periphery LULC have been obtained from the Multispectral images from ETM+ and OLI sensors of Landsat satellites. This study examines the spatial and temporal patterns of LULC change along the boundary of Kumbhalgarh from 2000 to 2020. The research also describes land use and land cover pattern, forest cover and vegetation index, and human encroachment, Eventually, the situation would be alarming for the local biodiversity and habitat due to the high pressure of anthropogenic activities and encroachment.
{"title":"Assessment Of Anthropogenic Impact On Forest Ecosystem: A Case Study Of Kumbhalgarh Wildlife Sanctuary, India","authors":"Bhanwar Singh, Anjan Sen, Ravindra M. Mishra, Ritika Prasad","doi":"10.24057/2071-9388-2022-047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2022-047","url":null,"abstract":"In the era of the modern world, natural resources are continuously diminishing and simultaneously the human population is also increasing, which is alarming for the present and future world. Global biodiversity is playing a pivotal role in all ecosystem services, meanwhile, anthropogenic activities and encroachment are the main drivers for the widespread loss of local biodiversity. In India, Kumbhalgarh Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in the world’s oldest Aravali Mountain range. Near protected areas of this wildlife sanctuary have an entire concentration of rural populations, which are interdependence with this forest ecosystem. The key objective of the research study is to measure the anthropogenic impact on Kumbhalgarh Wildlife Sanctuary. It’s a micro-level study based on primary and secondary data through GIS mapping as well as Socio-Economic & Physical factors to inter-connect with forest habitats. Especially, core and periphery LULC have been obtained from the Multispectral images from ETM+ and OLI sensors of Landsat satellites. This study examines the spatial and temporal patterns of LULC change along the boundary of Kumbhalgarh from 2000 to 2020. The research also describes land use and land cover pattern, forest cover and vegetation index, and human encroachment, Eventually, the situation would be alarming for the local biodiversity and habitat due to the high pressure of anthropogenic activities and encroachment.","PeriodicalId":37517,"journal":{"name":"Geography, Environment, Sustainability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46594284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-18DOI: 10.24057/2071-9388-2022-058
Anastasiia V. Bobrova, Andrey A. Vasil’ev
The intensification of industrial production leads to an increase in the technogenic impact on the environment. Minerals containing iron are sensitive to many environmental processes and analysis of the composition of magnetic particles is relevant in the study of environmental pollution. This study focused on urban soils of near-trunk circles and epiphytic mosses on Populus nigra L. in the territory of Motovilikhinsky district of Perm, where a metallurgical plant is located. In this work, using electron probe microanalysis and scanning electron microscopy, we analyzed the magnetic susceptibility (MS), morphology, and chemical composition of magnetic particles isolated from urban soils and epiphytic mosses. The content of heavy metals in the studied soils exceeds the clarkes of chemical elements (CCE) in the upper continental crust: Cr - 286 times, Mn - 15 times, Fe - 11 times, Ti - 4 times, Mg - 4 times. The study of the chemical composition of epiphytes made it possible to assess the contribution of aerial sources to soil pollution. The concentrations of metals in the magnetic particles of epiphytes also exceed the Clarke values: Cr - 3257 times, Fe - 8 times, Ti - 7 times, Mg - 4 times. The similarity of the morphology and chemical composition of the magnetic particles of soils and epiphytes indicate common sources of pollution. A comprehensive assessment of the state of the territory may include magneto-geochemical monitoring of the soil cover and monitoring of the magnetic state of epiphytes on Populus nigra L.
{"title":"Magnetic Particles In Soils And Epiphytes In The Zone Of Influence Of A Ferrous Metallurgy Factory In The City Of Perm","authors":"Anastasiia V. Bobrova, Andrey A. Vasil’ev","doi":"10.24057/2071-9388-2022-058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2022-058","url":null,"abstract":"The intensification of industrial production leads to an increase in the technogenic impact on the environment. Minerals containing iron are sensitive to many environmental processes and analysis of the composition of magnetic particles is relevant in the study of environmental pollution. This study focused on urban soils of near-trunk circles and epiphytic mosses on Populus nigra L. in the territory of Motovilikhinsky district of Perm, where a metallurgical plant is located. In this work, using electron probe microanalysis and scanning electron microscopy, we analyzed the magnetic susceptibility (MS), morphology, and chemical composition of magnetic particles isolated from urban soils and epiphytic mosses. The content of heavy metals in the studied soils exceeds the clarkes of chemical elements (CCE) in the upper continental crust: Cr - 286 times, Mn - 15 times, Fe - 11 times, Ti - 4 times, Mg - 4 times. The study of the chemical composition of epiphytes made it possible to assess the contribution of aerial sources to soil pollution. The concentrations of metals in the magnetic particles of epiphytes also exceed the Clarke values: Cr - 3257 times, Fe - 8 times, Ti - 7 times, Mg - 4 times. The similarity of the morphology and chemical composition of the magnetic particles of soils and epiphytes indicate common sources of pollution. A comprehensive assessment of the state of the territory may include magneto-geochemical monitoring of the soil cover and monitoring of the magnetic state of epiphytes on Populus nigra L.","PeriodicalId":37517,"journal":{"name":"Geography, Environment, Sustainability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47438831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-18DOI: 10.24057/2071-9388-2021-116
M. A. Lokoshchenko, E. A. Enukova
The influence of the COronaVIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic lockdown (the period of strict quarantine measures) in the spring of 2020 on the ‘Surface Urban Heat Island’ (SUHI) geographical phenomenon in Moscow has been studied. For this purpose, we used the measurements of the surface temperature TS made by Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) radiometer installed on Terra and Aqua satellites. As a result, TS during the 2020 lockdown, both in the city and surrounding rural zone, was found lower than at the same calendar time in the previous 20 years due to the relatively cold spring. The SUHI intensity as the difference between TS inside Moscow and the surrounding rural zone around it during the lockdown was also lower than usual (on average in the previous 20 years), but this decrease is relatively small and nonsignificant. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in Moscow and Moscow region during the lockdown was close to its usual values, but the leaf area index (LAI) was significantly lower than its average values in the previous 20 years. Thus, the weakening of the SUHI during the lockdown in 2020 was caused mostly by lower heat loss due to transpiration in the rural zone. This was associated with the slowdown in vegetation development as a result of the cold spring. Besides, an additional possible reason was the reduction of human activity due to the collapse of many anthropogenic heat sources in the city. According to long-term MODIS data, the SUHI intensity in Moscow and the surface temperature in Moscow region, as well as the NDVI and LAI values, do not demonstrate statistically significant long-term trends in the spring season over the past 21 years, despite climate changes. In spring, during faster snow melting in cities, when it still persists in the rural zone, the SUHI intensity can be record high (up to 8 ºC).
{"title":"Surface Urban Heat Island In Moscow During The COID-19 Pandemic Lockdown In 2020","authors":"M. A. Lokoshchenko, E. A. Enukova","doi":"10.24057/2071-9388-2021-116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2021-116","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of the COronaVIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic lockdown (the period of strict quarantine measures) in the spring of 2020 on the ‘Surface Urban Heat Island’ (SUHI) geographical phenomenon in Moscow has been studied. For this purpose, we used the measurements of the surface temperature TS made by Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) radiometer installed on Terra and Aqua satellites. As a result, TS during the 2020 lockdown, both in the city and surrounding rural zone, was found lower than at the same calendar time in the previous 20 years due to the relatively cold spring. The SUHI intensity as the difference between TS inside Moscow and the surrounding rural zone around it during the lockdown was also lower than usual (on average in the previous 20 years), but this decrease is relatively small and nonsignificant. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in Moscow and Moscow region during the lockdown was close to its usual values, but the leaf area index (LAI) was significantly lower than its average values in the previous 20 years. Thus, the weakening of the SUHI during the lockdown in 2020 was caused mostly by lower heat loss due to transpiration in the rural zone. This was associated with the slowdown in vegetation development as a result of the cold spring. Besides, an additional possible reason was the reduction of human activity due to the collapse of many anthropogenic heat sources in the city. According to long-term MODIS data, the SUHI intensity in Moscow and the surface temperature in Moscow region, as well as the NDVI and LAI values, do not demonstrate statistically significant long-term trends in the spring season over the past 21 years, despite climate changes. In spring, during faster snow melting in cities, when it still persists in the rural zone, the SUHI intensity can be record high (up to 8 ºC).","PeriodicalId":37517,"journal":{"name":"Geography, Environment, Sustainability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49389330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-18DOI: 10.24057/2071-9388-2022-054
T. Q. Toan, Tran Thi Hue, N. Q. Dung, N. T. Tung, N. T. Duc, N. Khôi, D. Thanh, Hà Xuân Linh
Heavy metal pollution in the soil environment is a worldwide environmental problem as it has negative effects on both human health and the environment. Remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil is essential to improve soil quality, provide land resources for agricultural production, and protect human and animal health and the ecological environment. There is the possibility of remediating these contaminated soils through the use of several heavy metal absorbing plants and Superabsorbent polymers. Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) are 3D polymer networks having hydrophilic nature, which can swell, absorb and hold a large amount of water or aqueous solutions in their network. This study evaluates the effect of superabsorbent polymer on Pb absorption capacity of Vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides.L) that was grown on contaminated soil in Trai Cau iron ore dumpsite, Dong Hy district, Thai Nguyen province. The experiment was designed with five recipes and three replicates. The contents of SAP studied were 0, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 g/kg of soil. Uncontaminated soil was used as the control treatment. In the supplemented recipe of SAP, Vetiver showed better Pb treatment efficiency than the recipes without adding polymers. After 120 days of planting, SAP increased the tolerance and Pb absorption of Vetiver, improving soil properties. The best Pb treatment efficiency is achieved when using SAP with content from 0.8-1.0 g/kg soil.
{"title":"Combination Of Superabsorbent Polymer And Vetiver Grass As A Remedy For Lead-Polluted Soil","authors":"T. Q. Toan, Tran Thi Hue, N. Q. Dung, N. T. Tung, N. T. Duc, N. Khôi, D. Thanh, Hà Xuân Linh","doi":"10.24057/2071-9388-2022-054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2022-054","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metal pollution in the soil environment is a worldwide environmental problem as it has negative effects on both human health and the environment. Remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil is essential to improve soil quality, provide land resources for agricultural production, and protect human and animal health and the ecological environment. There is the possibility of remediating these contaminated soils through the use of several heavy metal absorbing plants and Superabsorbent polymers. Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) are 3D polymer networks having hydrophilic nature, which can swell, absorb and hold a large amount of water or aqueous solutions in their network. This study evaluates the effect of superabsorbent polymer on Pb absorption capacity of Vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides.L) that was grown on contaminated soil in Trai Cau iron ore dumpsite, Dong Hy district, Thai Nguyen province. The experiment was designed with five recipes and three replicates. The contents of SAP studied were 0, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 g/kg of soil. Uncontaminated soil was used as the control treatment. In the supplemented recipe of SAP, Vetiver showed better Pb treatment efficiency than the recipes without adding polymers. After 120 days of planting, SAP increased the tolerance and Pb absorption of Vetiver, improving soil properties. The best Pb treatment efficiency is achieved when using SAP with content from 0.8-1.0 g/kg soil.","PeriodicalId":37517,"journal":{"name":"Geography, Environment, Sustainability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45805895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-18DOI: 10.24057/2071-9388-2021-144
O. Nasonova, Yeugeny M. Gusev, Evgeny G. Kovalev
Climate change impact on the water balance components (including river runoff, evapotranspiration and precipitation) of five Arctic river basins (the Northern Dvina, Taz, Lena, Indigirka, and MacKenzie), located in different natural conditions, was investigated using a physically-based land surface model SWAP and meteorological projections simulated at half-degree spatial resolution by five Global Climate Models (GCM) for four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) scenarios from 2005 to 2100. After the SWAP model calibration and validation, 20 projections of changes in climatic values of the water balance components were obtained for each river basin. The projected changes in climatic river runoff were analyzed with climatic precipitation and evapotranspiration changes. On average, all rivers’ water balance components will increase by the end of the 21st century: precipitation by 12-30%, runoff by 10–30%, and evapotranspiration by 6-47% depending on the river basin. The partitioning of increment in precipitation between runoff and evapotranspiration differs for the selected river basins due to differences in their natural conditions. The Northern Dvina and Taz river runoff will experience the most negligible impact of climate change under the RCP scenarios. This impact will increase towards eastern Siberia and reach a maximum in the Indigirka basin. Analysis of the obtained hydrological projections made it possible to estimate their uncertainties by applying different GCMs and RCP scenarios. On average, the contribution of GCMs to the uncertainty of hydrological projections is nearly twice more significant than the contribution of scenarios in 2006–2036 and decreases over time to 1.1-1.2 in 2068–2099.
{"title":"Climate Change Impact On Water Balance Components In Arctic River Basins","authors":"O. Nasonova, Yeugeny M. Gusev, Evgeny G. Kovalev","doi":"10.24057/2071-9388-2021-144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2021-144","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change impact on the water balance components (including river runoff, evapotranspiration and precipitation) of five Arctic river basins (the Northern Dvina, Taz, Lena, Indigirka, and MacKenzie), located in different natural conditions, was investigated using a physically-based land surface model SWAP and meteorological projections simulated at half-degree spatial resolution by five Global Climate Models (GCM) for four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) scenarios from 2005 to 2100. After the SWAP model calibration and validation, 20 projections of changes in climatic values of the water balance components were obtained for each river basin. The projected changes in climatic river runoff were analyzed with climatic precipitation and evapotranspiration changes. On average, all rivers’ water balance components will increase by the end of the 21st century: precipitation by 12-30%, runoff by 10–30%, and evapotranspiration by 6-47% depending on the river basin. The partitioning of increment in precipitation between runoff and evapotranspiration differs for the selected river basins due to differences in their natural conditions. The Northern Dvina and Taz river runoff will experience the most negligible impact of climate change under the RCP scenarios. This impact will increase towards eastern Siberia and reach a maximum in the Indigirka basin. Analysis of the obtained hydrological projections made it possible to estimate their uncertainties by applying different GCMs and RCP scenarios. On average, the contribution of GCMs to the uncertainty of hydrological projections is nearly twice more significant than the contribution of scenarios in 2006–2036 and decreases over time to 1.1-1.2 in 2068–2099.","PeriodicalId":37517,"journal":{"name":"Geography, Environment, Sustainability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41858537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-18DOI: 10.24057/2071-9388-2022-108
Anna A. Cherkasova, A. Iurmanov, Pravin Kokane, A. Maslakov, Matija Petkovich, M. Petrushina, A. Tabelinova, Azamat Tolipov, Georgy Yakubov, Yulia Yushina
Prielbrusye National Park is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Russia. In recent years internal tourism development, stimulated by restrictive measures (due to the COVID pandemic and geopolitical situation), resulted in significant growth of tourist flow to the national park’s territory. A surge in anthropogenic load on the park’s geosystems might degrade them and lead to environmental pollution. This research involved chemical studies of natural waters and snow from the south slope of the Elbrus and audit of the most popular tourist trails. The results have shown that in the snow alongside mountain hiking pistes to the Elbrus all the way up to 4,720 m above sea level (a.s.l.) oil stains concentration is up to 38 times higher than maximum acceptable concentration (MAC). Content analysis of heavy metals in snow cover on the Elbrus slopes and in the river Baksan has shown a significant rise in lead load over the period of 2015–2021 from the trace levels to 1.5 MAC, which is the result of increased anthropogenic load on the south slope of the Elbrus mountain. Ground observation of tourist trails has brought to light numerous patches of vegetation trampling, width extension and branching of the main trail, as well as campfire sites. The research results can be used as a rationale to take measures to reduce recreational load, to improve local geosystems’ condition and to develop a plan of action on nature conservation within the park’s territory.
{"title":"Prielbrusye National Park Environmental Changes Due To Increasing Tourism Activity","authors":"Anna A. Cherkasova, A. Iurmanov, Pravin Kokane, A. Maslakov, Matija Petkovich, M. Petrushina, A. Tabelinova, Azamat Tolipov, Georgy Yakubov, Yulia Yushina","doi":"10.24057/2071-9388-2022-108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2022-108","url":null,"abstract":"Prielbrusye National Park is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Russia. In recent years internal tourism development, stimulated by restrictive measures (due to the COVID pandemic and geopolitical situation), resulted in significant growth of tourist flow to the national park’s territory. A surge in anthropogenic load on the park’s geosystems might degrade them and lead to environmental pollution. This research involved chemical studies of natural waters and snow from the south slope of the Elbrus and audit of the most popular tourist trails. The results have shown that in the snow alongside mountain hiking pistes to the Elbrus all the way up to 4,720 m above sea level (a.s.l.) oil stains concentration is up to 38 times higher than maximum acceptable concentration (MAC). Content analysis of heavy metals in snow cover on the Elbrus slopes and in the river Baksan has shown a significant rise in lead load over the period of 2015–2021 from the trace levels to 1.5 MAC, which is the result of increased anthropogenic load on the south slope of the Elbrus mountain. Ground observation of tourist trails has brought to light numerous patches of vegetation trampling, width extension and branching of the main trail, as well as campfire sites. The research results can be used as a rationale to take measures to reduce recreational load, to improve local geosystems’ condition and to develop a plan of action on nature conservation within the park’s territory.","PeriodicalId":37517,"journal":{"name":"Geography, Environment, Sustainability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44295767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-17DOI: 10.24057/2071-9388-2021-099
A. L. Permatasari, I. Suherningtyas, P. Wiguna
Merapi Volcano is one of the active volcanoes in Indonesia, which is located in the Central Java and Yogyakarta Province. The eruption of Merapi Volcano is a threat to people living on the slopes of Merapi, especially on its denselypopulated southern flank. The purpose of this study was to build a webGIS to support volcanic hazard mitigation regarding Merapi Volcano and evaluate the webGIS system for determining the community’s perception. This research was the first to produce a product that is used by government agencies related to volcanic disaster mitigation. webGIS development was carried out using an open source platform. System evaluation was carried out using usability testing. The samples were obtained using systematic the random sampling method of respondents who lived in the villages on the southern flank of Merapi volcano. webGIS was built using LeafletJS and QGIS, combined with spatial data about the evacuation locations, health facilities, evacuation routes, government offices, educational facilities and worship facilities, with a basemap obtained from Openstreet Map and Google Satellite. WebGIS was equipped with a database query feature to make it easier for users to find geographical information. The usability testing results showed that as many as 83% of the respondents were very satisfied with the appearance and information of webGIS, while as many as 82% were very satisfied with the navigation offered via the webGIS display.
{"title":"Development And Evaluation Of The Webgis Application To Support Volcanic Hazard Mitigation In The Southern Flank Of Merapi Volcano, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia","authors":"A. L. Permatasari, I. Suherningtyas, P. Wiguna","doi":"10.24057/2071-9388-2021-099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2021-099","url":null,"abstract":"Merapi Volcano is one of the active volcanoes in Indonesia, which is located in the Central Java and Yogyakarta Province. The eruption of Merapi Volcano is a threat to people living on the slopes of Merapi, especially on its denselypopulated southern flank. The purpose of this study was to build a webGIS to support volcanic hazard mitigation regarding Merapi Volcano and evaluate the webGIS system for determining the community’s perception. This research was the first to produce a product that is used by government agencies related to volcanic disaster mitigation. webGIS development was carried out using an open source platform. System evaluation was carried out using usability testing. The samples were obtained using systematic the random sampling method of respondents who lived in the villages on the southern flank of Merapi volcano. webGIS was built using LeafletJS and QGIS, combined with spatial data about the evacuation locations, health facilities, evacuation routes, government offices, educational facilities and worship facilities, with a basemap obtained from Openstreet Map and Google Satellite. WebGIS was equipped with a database query feature to make it easier for users to find geographical information. The usability testing results showed that as many as 83% of the respondents were very satisfied with the appearance and information of webGIS, while as many as 82% were very satisfied with the navigation offered via the webGIS display.","PeriodicalId":37517,"journal":{"name":"Geography, Environment, Sustainability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43963352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-17DOI: 10.24057/2071-9388-2022-116
R. Babkin, S. Badina, Alexander N. Bereznyatsky
The relevance of the study lies in the need for a scientific search for the possibilities of using new types of Big data in studies of the population vulnerability to solve practical problems of improving the safety of urban spaces from natural and man-made hazards. The object of the study is the administrative districts of Moscow; the subject is the temporal patterns of vulnerability of their population to potential natural and man-made hazards. The research question of the study is to develop a typology of Moscow districts and further assess this sustainability in terms of the population vulnerability to natural and man-made hazards. To achieve this research question, a set of tasks was solved: 1. Processing of the mobile operators’ data array and further construction of a continuous graph of the Moscow population dynamics in 2019 (with a time cycle of 30 minutes, over 36 million measurements in more than 7 thousand time slices); 2. Empirical justification of natural temporal boundaries of daily, weekly, seasonal cycles of population dynamics in Moscow districts; 3. Justification of key factors and parameters of urban population vulnerability; 4. Development and approbation of the dynamic clustering method of Moscow districts using selected variables and periods. The study is based on the impersonal mobile operators’ data on the locations of subscribers for 2019, provided by the Department of Information Technologies of the Moscow city. The method of dynamic cluster analysis is used. Four particular clusterings were obtained that characterize the “behavior” of the settlement system in the main intervals of social time (weekdays and weekends of the cold and warm seasons). Сluster stability matrix allows to identify which of the districts retain their properties during the period under review, and which are characterized by instability of considered indicators of population vulnerability. Depending on the stability of the position of the districts in a particular cluster, “stable”, “conditionally stable” and “nomadic” types of districts were identified. The study showed that the first two types include spatial-settlement structures that are stable in time with approximately the same level of population vulnerability during the year, while the third type requires a special differentiated approach to the development of measures to protect the population from natural and man-made emergencies. Calculations have shown that “nomadic” type of districts concentrate on average from 2.2 million people in the summer season to 3 million people in the winter season, that is, a very significant share of the entire population of the capital.
{"title":"Assessment Of Temporal Variability In The Level Of Population Vulnerability To Natural And Man-Made Hazards (The Case Of Moscow Districts)","authors":"R. Babkin, S. Badina, Alexander N. Bereznyatsky","doi":"10.24057/2071-9388-2022-116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2022-116","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the study lies in the need for a scientific search for the possibilities of using new types of Big data in studies of the population vulnerability to solve practical problems of improving the safety of urban spaces from natural and man-made hazards. The object of the study is the administrative districts of Moscow; the subject is the temporal patterns of vulnerability of their population to potential natural and man-made hazards. The research question of the study is to develop a typology of Moscow districts and further assess this sustainability in terms of the population vulnerability to natural and man-made hazards. To achieve this research question, a set of tasks was solved: 1. Processing of the mobile operators’ data array and further construction of a continuous graph of the Moscow population dynamics in 2019 (with a time cycle of 30 minutes, over 36 million measurements in more than 7 thousand time slices); 2. Empirical justification of natural temporal boundaries of daily, weekly, seasonal cycles of population dynamics in Moscow districts; 3. Justification of key factors and parameters of urban population vulnerability; 4. Development and approbation of the dynamic clustering method of Moscow districts using selected variables and periods. The study is based on the impersonal mobile operators’ data on the locations of subscribers for 2019, provided by the Department of Information Technologies of the Moscow city. The method of dynamic cluster analysis is used. Four particular clusterings were obtained that characterize the “behavior” of the settlement system in the main intervals of social time (weekdays and weekends of the cold and warm seasons). Сluster stability matrix allows to identify which of the districts retain their properties during the period under review, and which are characterized by instability of considered indicators of population vulnerability. Depending on the stability of the position of the districts in a particular cluster, “stable”, “conditionally stable” and “nomadic” types of districts were identified. The study showed that the first two types include spatial-settlement structures that are stable in time with approximately the same level of population vulnerability during the year, while the third type requires a special differentiated approach to the development of measures to protect the population from natural and man-made emergencies. Calculations have shown that “nomadic” type of districts concentrate on average from 2.2 million people in the summer season to 3 million people in the winter season, that is, a very significant share of the entire population of the capital.","PeriodicalId":37517,"journal":{"name":"Geography, Environment, Sustainability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49205940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-17DOI: 10.24057/2071-9388-2021-119
Citra F. Utami, K. Mizuno, H. Hasibuan, T. Soesilo
As a developing country, Indonesia is experiencing rapid growth, necessitating the use of development-control instruments to achieve sustainable development. Furthermore, information about land reform implementation in Indonesia can only be found in academic journals written in Indonesian. As a result, determining the appropriate development-control model in Indonesia is critical. The appropriate concepts and development-control tools for Indonesia are discovered by reviewing papers that implement development control globally and the state of development-control implementation locally in Indonesia. However, by presenting the concept of controlling spatial development—beginning with defining development control, then capturing its typologies globally, and finally discussing the implementation condition in Indonesia—the model can also be adopted in countries with a similar planning system. The main gaps and challenges in implementing spatial development-control tools in Indonesia were identified in the final section of this article. In the meantime, a regulatory zoning system would be successful, but a discretionary system that includes economic development opportunities can be considered by strengthening human resources and institutions. The three elements in development control are spatial planning, land development, and regulation. Furthermore, the community’s successful traditional spatial development control can be incorporated into the existing control regulations.
{"title":"Discovering Spatial Development Control For Indonesia: A Systematic Literature Review","authors":"Citra F. Utami, K. Mizuno, H. Hasibuan, T. Soesilo","doi":"10.24057/2071-9388-2021-119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2021-119","url":null,"abstract":"As a developing country, Indonesia is experiencing rapid growth, necessitating the use of development-control instruments to achieve sustainable development. Furthermore, information about land reform implementation in Indonesia can only be found in academic journals written in Indonesian. As a result, determining the appropriate development-control model in Indonesia is critical. The appropriate concepts and development-control tools for Indonesia are discovered by reviewing papers that implement development control globally and the state of development-control implementation locally in Indonesia. However, by presenting the concept of controlling spatial development—beginning with defining development control, then capturing its typologies globally, and finally discussing the implementation condition in Indonesia—the model can also be adopted in countries with a similar planning system. The main gaps and challenges in implementing spatial development-control tools in Indonesia were identified in the final section of this article. In the meantime, a regulatory zoning system would be successful, but a discretionary system that includes economic development opportunities can be considered by strengthening human resources and institutions. The three elements in development control are spatial planning, land development, and regulation. Furthermore, the community’s successful traditional spatial development control can be incorporated into the existing control regulations. ","PeriodicalId":37517,"journal":{"name":"Geography, Environment, Sustainability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43817705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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