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Testing Bed Load Transport Formulas: A Case Study Of The Lower Amur Using Bed Load Yield Data Obtained With Multi-Beam Echo-Sounders (Mbes) 试验推移质输运公式:利用多波束回声测深仪(Mbes)获得的推移质产额数据对阿穆尔河下游进行的实例研究
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-18 DOI: 10.24057/2071-9388-2022-097
O. Petrovskaya, A. Maltsev
The development of bed load calculation methods directly depends on the reliability of the measurement data. The most reliable measurement data remains the data obtained by the volumetric method when observing the filling of reservoirs, borrows, ditches etc. Nevertheless these data are the rarest. In this paper on the base of the data obtained when observing the process of filling of a ditch across the Amur River a comparison of a number of bed load calculation methods is performed. The observations were carried out with a multi-beam echo-sounder during summer floods of 2018, from 21st of July to 22nd of August. Over this time 5 surveys were performed, that allows to have 4 calculation periods for determining bed load yield. The total number of the measurements at different calculation verticals is 108. These data are used for verification of 80 bed load formulas. Four methodological approaches are considered: bed form approach, critical velocity approach, critical water discharge approach and regression approach. The bed form approach has shown the greatest accuracy: 17 formulas out of 26 gave the error less than 60%. For the other 56 methods which were considered only 5 formulas showed the error less than 60%, all of them correspond to the critical velocity approach.
推移质计算方法的发展直接取决于测量数据的可靠性。最可靠的测量数据仍然是通过体积法观察水库、取土场、沟渠等的填充情况时获得的数据。然而,这些数据是最罕见的。本文根据对阿穆尔河沟渠填筑过程的观测数据,对多种推移质计算方法进行了比较。这些观测是在2018年7月21日至8月22日的夏季洪水期间使用多波束回声测深仪进行的。在这段时间里,进行了5次调查,允许有4个计算周期来确定推移质产量。在不同计算垂直方向上的测量的总数是108。这些数据用于验证80个推移质公式。考虑了四种方法:河床形态法、临界流速法、临界流量法和回归法。床型方法显示出最大的准确性:26个公式中有17个公式的误差小于60%。对于其他56种方法,只有5个公式的误差小于60%,它们都符合临界速度法。
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引用次数: 1
Assessment Of Anthropogenic Impact On Forest Ecosystem: A Case Study Of Kumbhalgarh Wildlife Sanctuary, India 人为活动对森林生态系统的影响评价——以印度贡布尔加尔野生动物保护区为例
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-18 DOI: 10.24057/2071-9388-2022-047
Bhanwar Singh, Anjan Sen, Ravindra M. Mishra, Ritika Prasad
In the era of the modern world, natural resources are continuously diminishing and simultaneously the human population is also increasing, which is alarming for the present and future world. Global biodiversity is playing a pivotal role in all ecosystem services, meanwhile, anthropogenic activities and encroachment are the main drivers for the widespread loss of local biodiversity. In India, Kumbhalgarh Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in the world’s oldest Aravali Mountain range. Near protected areas of this wildlife sanctuary have an entire concentration of rural populations, which are interdependence with this forest ecosystem. The key objective of the research study is to measure the anthropogenic impact on Kumbhalgarh Wildlife Sanctuary. It’s a micro-level study based on primary and secondary data through GIS mapping as well as Socio-Economic & Physical factors to inter-connect with forest habitats. Especially, core and periphery LULC have been obtained from the Multispectral images from ETM+ and OLI sensors of Landsat satellites. This study examines the spatial and temporal patterns of LULC change along the boundary of Kumbhalgarh from 2000 to 2020. The research also describes land use and land cover pattern, forest cover and vegetation index, and human encroachment, Eventually, the situation would be alarming for the local biodiversity and habitat due to the high pressure of anthropogenic activities and encroachment.
在现代世界的时代,自然资源不断减少,同时人口也在增加,这对现在和未来的世界都是令人震惊的。全球生物多样性在所有生态系统服务中发挥着关键作用,同时,人为活动和侵占是局部生物多样性广泛丧失的主要驱动因素。在印度,Kumbhalgarh野生动物保护区位于世界上最古老的Aravali山脉。在这个野生动物保护区的保护区域附近,有大量的农村人口,他们与森林生态系统相互依存。本研究的主要目的是测量人类活动对昆布加尔野生动物保护区的影响。它是一种微观层面的研究,基于初级和次级数据,通过GIS制图以及社会经济和物理因素与森林栖息地相互联系。特别是从Landsat卫星ETM+和OLI传感器的多光谱图像中获得了核心和外围的LULC。研究了2000 - 2020年库姆加尔邦边界地区土地利用储量变化的时空格局。研究还描述了土地利用和土地覆盖格局、森林覆盖和植被指数以及人类活动的入侵,最终由于人类活动和入侵的高压,当地的生物多样性和栖息地将面临令人担忧的局面。
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引用次数: 0
Magnetic Particles In Soils And Epiphytes In The Zone Of Influence Of A Ferrous Metallurgy Factory In The City Of Perm 彼尔姆市某铁冶炼厂影响区内土壤和附生植物中的磁性颗粒
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-18 DOI: 10.24057/2071-9388-2022-058
Anastasiia V. Bobrova, Andrey A. Vasil’ev
The intensification of industrial production leads to an increase in the technogenic impact on the environment. Minerals containing iron are sensitive to many environmental processes and analysis of the composition of magnetic particles is relevant in the study of environmental pollution. This study focused on urban soils of near-trunk circles and epiphytic mosses on Populus nigra L. in the territory of Motovilikhinsky district of Perm, where a metallurgical plant is located. In this work, using electron probe microanalysis and scanning electron microscopy, we analyzed the magnetic susceptibility (MS), morphology, and chemical composition of magnetic particles isolated from urban soils and epiphytic mosses. The content of heavy metals in the studied soils exceeds the clarkes of chemical elements (CCE) in the upper continental crust: Cr - 286 times, Mn - 15 times, Fe - 11 times, Ti - 4 times, Mg - 4 times. The study of the chemical composition of epiphytes made it possible to assess the contribution of aerial sources to soil pollution. The concentrations of metals in the magnetic particles of epiphytes also exceed the Clarke values: Cr - 3257 times, Fe - 8 times, Ti - 7 times, Mg - 4 times. The similarity of the morphology and chemical composition of the magnetic particles of soils and epiphytes indicate common sources of pollution. A comprehensive assessment of the state of the territory may include magneto-geochemical monitoring of the soil cover and monitoring of the magnetic state of epiphytes on Populus nigra L.
工业生产的集约化导致技术对环境的影响增加。含铁矿物对许多环境过程都很敏感,磁性颗粒的成分分析与环境污染研究有关。这项研究的重点是彼尔姆莫托维利钦斯基区的黑杨近树干圆形的城市土壤和附生苔藓,那里有一家冶金厂。本文利用电子探针微区分析和扫描电子显微镜,分析了从城市土壤和附生苔藓中分离出的磁性颗粒的磁化率、形态和化学成分。研究土壤中重金属含量超过了上陆壳化学元素(CCE)的clarkes:Cr-286倍,Mn-15倍,Fe-11倍,Ti-4倍,Mg-4倍。对附生植物化学成分的研究使评估空气源对土壤污染的贡献成为可能。附生植物磁性颗粒中的金属浓度也超过了Clarke值:Cr-3257倍,Fe-8倍,Ti-7倍,Mg-4倍。土壤和附生植物的磁性颗粒的形态和化学成分相似,表明了污染的共同来源。对领土状况的综合评估可能包括对土壤覆盖的磁地球化学监测和对黑杨附生植物磁状态的监测。
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引用次数: 0
Surface Urban Heat Island In Moscow During The COID-19 Pandemic Lockdown In 2020 2020年COID-19疫情封锁期间莫斯科的地表城市热岛
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-18 DOI: 10.24057/2071-9388-2021-116
M. A. Lokoshchenko, E. A. Enukova
The influence of the COronaVIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic lockdown (the period of strict quarantine measures) in the spring of 2020 on the ‘Surface Urban Heat Island’ (SUHI) geographical phenomenon in Moscow has been studied. For this purpose, we used the measurements of the surface temperature TS made by Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) radiometer installed on Terra and Aqua satellites. As a result, TS during the 2020 lockdown, both in the city and surrounding rural zone, was found lower than at the same calendar time in the previous 20 years due to the relatively cold spring. The SUHI intensity as the difference between TS inside Moscow and the surrounding rural zone around it during the lockdown was also lower than usual (on average in the previous 20 years), but this decrease is relatively small and nonsignificant. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in Moscow and Moscow region during the lockdown was close to its usual values, but the leaf area index (LAI) was significantly lower than its average values in the previous 20 years. Thus, the weakening of the SUHI during the lockdown in 2020 was caused mostly by lower heat loss due to transpiration in the rural zone. This was associated with the slowdown in vegetation development as a result of the cold spring. Besides, an additional possible reason was the reduction of human activity due to the collapse of many anthropogenic heat sources in the city. According to long-term MODIS data, the SUHI intensity in Moscow and the surface temperature in Moscow region, as well as the NDVI and LAI values, do not demonstrate statistically significant long-term trends in the spring season over the past 21 years, despite climate changes. In spring, during faster snow melting in cities, when it still persists in the rural zone, the SUHI intensity can be record high (up to 8 ºC).
研究了2020年春季2019冠状病毒病(新冠肺炎)大流行封锁(严格隔离措施期)对莫斯科“地表城市热岛”(SUHI)地理现象的影响。为此,我们使用了安装在Terra和Aqua卫星上的中分辨率成像光谱辐射计(MODIS)辐射计对地表温度TS的测量。因此,由于春季相对寒冷,2020年封锁期间,城市和周边农村地区的TS都低于前20年同期。封锁期间,作为莫斯科内部及其周围农村地区TS之间差异的SUHI强度也低于往常(过去20年的平均值),但这种下降相对较小且不显著。封锁期间,莫斯科和莫斯科地区的归一化差异植被指数(NDVI)接近其正常值,但叶面积指数(LAI)明显低于前20年的平均值。因此,在2020年封锁期间,SUHI的减弱主要是由于农村地区蒸腾作用导致的热量损失降低。这与春季寒冷导致植被发育放缓有关。此外,另一个可能的原因是,由于城市中许多人为热源的崩溃,人类活动减少。根据长期MODIS数据,尽管气候发生了变化,但莫斯科的SUHI强度和莫斯科地区的地表温度以及NDVI和LAI值在过去21年的春季并没有显示出统计上显著的长期趋势。在春季,当城市的雪融化速度更快时,当它仍然在农村地区持续时,SUHI强度可能会创下历史新高(高达8ºC)。
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引用次数: 1
Combination Of Superabsorbent Polymer And Vetiver Grass As A Remedy For Lead-Polluted Soil 高吸水性聚合物和香根草的组合对铅污染土壤的修复作用
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-18 DOI: 10.24057/2071-9388-2022-054
T. Q. Toan, Tran Thi Hue, N. Q. Dung, N. T. Tung, N. T. Duc, N. Khôi, D. Thanh, Hà Xuân Linh
Heavy metal pollution in the soil environment is a worldwide environmental problem as it has negative effects on both human health and the environment. Remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil is essential to improve soil quality, provide land resources for agricultural production, and protect human and animal health and the ecological environment. There is the possibility of remediating these contaminated soils through the use of several heavy metal absorbing plants and Superabsorbent polymers. Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) are 3D polymer networks having hydrophilic nature, which can swell, absorb and hold a large amount of water or aqueous solutions in their network. This study evaluates the effect of superabsorbent polymer on Pb absorption capacity of Vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides.L) that was grown on contaminated soil in Trai Cau iron ore dumpsite, Dong Hy district, Thai Nguyen province. The experiment was designed with five recipes and three replicates. The contents of SAP studied were 0, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 g/kg of soil. Uncontaminated soil was used as the control treatment. In the supplemented recipe of SAP, Vetiver showed better Pb treatment efficiency than the recipes without adding polymers. After 120 days of planting, SAP increased the tolerance and Pb absorption of Vetiver, improving soil properties. The best Pb treatment efficiency is achieved when using SAP with content from 0.8-1.0 g/kg soil.
土壤环境重金属污染是一个世界性的环境问题,对人类健康和环境都有负面影响。重金属污染土壤的修复对改善土壤质量、为农业生产提供土地资源、保护人畜健康和生态环境至关重要。有可能通过使用几种重金属吸收植物和高吸水性聚合物来修复这些受污染的土壤。高吸水性聚合物(sap)是一种具有亲水性的三维聚合物网络,可以膨胀、吸收和保持大量的水或水溶液在其网络中。本研究评价了高吸附性聚合物对种植在泰国阮省东希区铁堆垃圾场污染土壤上的香根草(Vetiveria zizanioides.L)吸铅能力的影响。试验设计5个配方,3个重复。土壤中SAP的含量分别为0、0.6、0.8和1.0 g/kg。以未污染土壤为对照处理。在添加SAP的配方中,香根草对铅的处理效果优于未添加聚合物的配方。种植120 d后,SAP提高了香根草的耐受性和对铅的吸收,改善了土壤性质。土壤中铅含量为0.8 ~ 1.0 g/kg时,处理效果最佳。
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引用次数: 0
Climate Change Impact On Water Balance Components In Arctic River Basins 气候变化对北冰洋流域水平衡成分的影响
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-18 DOI: 10.24057/2071-9388-2021-144
O. Nasonova, Yeugeny M. Gusev, Evgeny G. Kovalev
Climate change impact on the water balance components (including river runoff, evapotranspiration and precipitation) of five Arctic river basins (the Northern Dvina, Taz, Lena, Indigirka, and MacKenzie), located in different natural conditions, was investigated using a physically-based land surface model SWAP and meteorological projections simulated at half-degree spatial resolution by five Global Climate Models (GCM) for four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) scenarios from 2005 to 2100. After the SWAP model calibration and validation, 20 projections of changes in climatic values of the water balance components were obtained for each river basin. The projected changes in climatic river runoff were analyzed with climatic precipitation and evapotranspiration changes. On average, all rivers’ water balance components will increase by the end of the 21st century: precipitation by 12-30%, runoff by 10–30%, and evapotranspiration by 6-47% depending on the river basin. The partitioning of increment in precipitation between runoff and evapotranspiration differs for the selected river basins due to differences in their natural conditions. The Northern Dvina and Taz river runoff will experience the most negligible impact of climate change under the RCP scenarios. This impact will increase towards eastern Siberia and reach a maximum in the Indigirka basin. Analysis of the obtained hydrological projections made it possible to estimate their uncertainties by applying different GCMs and RCP scenarios. On average, the contribution of GCMs to the uncertainty of hydrological projections is nearly twice more significant than the contribution of scenarios in 2006–2036 and decreases over time to 1.1-1.2 in 2068–2099.
气候变化对位于不同自然条件下的五个北极河流流域(北Dvina、Taz、Lena、Indigirka和MacKenzie)的水平衡组成部分(包括河流径流、蒸散和降水)的影响,使用基于物理的陆地表面模型SWAP和五个全球气候模型(GCM)以半度空间分辨率模拟的2005年至2100年四种代表性浓度路径(RCP)情景的气象预测进行了调查。在SWAP模型校准和验证之后,为每个流域获得了20个水平衡组成部分气候值变化的预测。分析了气候河流径流量的预测变化与气候降水量和蒸散量的变化。平均而言,到21世纪末,所有河流的水平衡组成部分都将增加:降水量将增加12-30%,径流量将增加10-30%,蒸散量将增加6-47%,具体取决于流域。由于所选流域的自然条件不同,径流和蒸散之间的降水增量分配不同。在RCP情景下,北Dvina河和Taz河的径流将受到气候变化最微不足道的影响。这种影响将向西伯利亚东部增加,并在Indigirka盆地达到最大值。通过对获得的水文预测进行分析,可以通过应用不同的GCM和RCP情景来估计其不确定性。平均而言,在2006–2036年,GCM对水文预测不确定性的贡献几乎是情景贡献的两倍,并随着时间的推移在2068–2099年降至1.1-1.2。
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引用次数: 2
Prielbrusye National Park Environmental Changes Due To Increasing Tourism Activity 由于旅游活动增加,Prielbrusye国家公园的环境发生了变化
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-18 DOI: 10.24057/2071-9388-2022-108
Anna A. Cherkasova, A. Iurmanov, Pravin Kokane, A. Maslakov, Matija Petkovich, M. Petrushina, A. Tabelinova, Azamat Tolipov, Georgy Yakubov, Yulia Yushina
Prielbrusye National Park is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Russia. In recent years internal tourism development, stimulated by restrictive measures (due to the COVID pandemic and geopolitical situation), resulted in significant growth of tourist flow to the national park’s territory. A surge in anthropogenic load on the park’s geosystems might degrade them and lead to environmental pollution. This research involved chemical studies of natural waters and snow from the south slope of the Elbrus and audit of the most popular tourist trails. The results have shown that in the snow alongside mountain hiking pistes to the Elbrus all the way up to 4,720 m above sea level (a.s.l.) oil stains concentration is up to 38 times higher than maximum acceptable concentration (MAC). Content analysis of heavy metals in snow cover on the Elbrus slopes and in the river Baksan has shown a significant rise in lead load over the period of 2015–2021 from the trace levels to 1.5 MAC, which is the result of increased anthropogenic load on the south slope of the Elbrus mountain. Ground observation of tourist trails has brought to light numerous patches of vegetation trampling, width extension and branching of the main trail, as well as campfire sites. The research results can be used as a rationale to take measures to reduce recreational load, to improve local geosystems’ condition and to develop a plan of action on nature conservation within the park’s territory.
Prielbrusye国家公园是俄罗斯最受欢迎的旅游目的地之一。近年来,在限制措施的刺激下(由于新冠疫情和地缘政治局势),国内旅游业的发展导致前往国家公园境内的游客流量显著增长。人为负荷的激增可能会使公园的地质系统退化并导致环境污染。这项研究包括对厄尔布鲁士南坡的天然水和雪的化学研究,以及对最受欢迎的旅游路线的审计。结果表明,在雪边登山雪道至厄尔布鲁士山脉海拔4720米(a.s.l)以上的路段,油渍浓度高达最高可接受浓度(MAC)的38倍。厄尔布鲁士雪坡和巴克山河积雪中重金属含量分析显示,2015-2021年期间铅负荷从微量水平显著上升至1.5 MAC,这是厄尔布鲁士山南坡人为负荷增加的结果。对旅游路线的地面观察揭示了许多植被被践踏的斑块,主要路线的宽度延伸和分支,以及营火点。研究结果可作为采取措施减少康乐负荷、改善当地地质系统状况和制定公园范围内自然保育行动计划的依据。
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引用次数: 0
Development And Evaluation Of The Webgis Application To Support Volcanic Hazard Mitigation In The Southern Flank Of Merapi Volcano, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia 印尼日惹省Sleman Regency Merapi火山南翼支持火山灾害减灾的Webgis应用开发与评价
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-17 DOI: 10.24057/2071-9388-2021-099
A. L. Permatasari, I. Suherningtyas, P. Wiguna
Merapi Volcano is one of the active volcanoes in Indonesia, which is located in the Central Java and Yogyakarta Province. The eruption of Merapi Volcano is a threat to people living on the slopes of Merapi, especially on its denselypopulated southern flank. The purpose of this study was to build a webGIS to support volcanic hazard mitigation regarding Merapi Volcano and evaluate the webGIS system for determining the community’s perception. This research was the first to produce a product that is used by government agencies related to volcanic disaster mitigation. webGIS development was carried out using an open source platform. System evaluation was carried out using usability testing. The samples were obtained using systematic the random sampling method of respondents who lived in the villages on the southern flank of Merapi volcano. webGIS was built using LeafletJS and QGIS, combined with spatial data about the evacuation locations, health facilities, evacuation routes, government offices, educational facilities and worship facilities, with a basemap obtained from Openstreet Map and Google Satellite. WebGIS was equipped with a database query feature to make it easier for users to find geographical information. The usability testing results showed that as many as 83% of the respondents were very satisfied with the appearance and information of webGIS, while as many as 82% were very satisfied with the navigation offered via the webGIS display.
默拉皮火山是印度尼西亚的活火山之一,位于中爪哇和日惹省。默拉皮火山的喷发对居住在默拉皮山坡上的人们构成了威胁,尤其是在其人口稠密的南侧。本研究的目的是建立一个webGIS系统,以支持默拉皮火山的火山灾害缓解,并评估webGIS系统,以确定社区的看法。这项研究首次生产了一种产品,用于与火山灾害减轻有关的政府机构。webGIS的开发采用开源平台。使用可用性测试对系统进行评估。样本采用系统随机抽样的方法,对居住在默拉皮火山南侧村庄的回答者进行抽样。利用LeafletJS和QGIS软件,结合疏散地点、卫生设施、疏散路线、政府办公、教育设施和宗教设施等空间数据,以openstreetmap和谷歌Satellite获取的底图构建webGIS。WebGIS配备了数据库查询功能,使用户更容易找到地理信息。可用性测试结果显示,多达83%的受访者对webGIS的外观和信息非常满意,而多达82%的受访者对通过webGIS显示器提供的导航非常满意。
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引用次数: 1
Assessment Of Temporal Variability In The Level Of Population Vulnerability To Natural And Man-Made Hazards (The Case Of Moscow Districts) 人口易受自然和人为灾害影响程度的时间变异性评估(以莫斯科地区为例)
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-17 DOI: 10.24057/2071-9388-2022-116
R. Babkin, S. Badina, Alexander N. Bereznyatsky
The relevance of the study lies in the need for a scientific search for the possibilities of using new types of Big data in studies of the population vulnerability to solve practical problems of improving the safety of urban spaces from natural and man-made hazards. The object of the study is the administrative districts of Moscow; the subject is the temporal patterns of vulnerability of their population to potential natural and man-made hazards. The research question of the study is to develop a typology of Moscow districts and further assess this sustainability in terms of the population vulnerability to natural and man-made hazards. To achieve this research question, a set of tasks was solved: 1. Processing of the mobile operators’ data array and further construction of a continuous graph of the Moscow population dynamics in 2019 (with a time cycle of 30 minutes, over 36 million measurements in more than 7 thousand time slices); 2. Empirical justification of natural temporal boundaries of daily, weekly, seasonal cycles of population dynamics in Moscow districts; 3. Justification of key factors and parameters of urban population vulnerability; 4. Development and approbation of the dynamic clustering method of Moscow districts using selected variables and periods. The study is based on the impersonal mobile operators’ data on the locations of subscribers for 2019, provided by the Department of Information Technologies of the Moscow city. The method of dynamic cluster analysis is used. Four particular clusterings were obtained that characterize the “behavior” of the settlement system in the main intervals of social time (weekdays and weekends of the cold and warm seasons). Сluster stability matrix allows to identify which of the districts retain their properties during the period under review, and which are characterized by instability of considered indicators of population vulnerability. Depending on the stability of the position of the districts in a particular cluster, “stable”, “conditionally stable” and “nomadic” types of districts were identified. The study showed that the first two types include spatial-settlement structures that are stable in time with approximately the same level of population vulnerability during the year, while the third type requires a special differentiated approach to the development of measures to protect the population from natural and man-made emergencies. Calculations have shown that “nomadic” type of districts concentrate on average from 2.2 million people in the summer season to 3 million people in the winter season, that is, a very significant share of the entire population of the capital.
这项研究的相关性在于,需要科学地探索在人口脆弱性研究中使用新型大数据的可能性,以解决改善城市空间安全免受自然和人为危害的实际问题。研究对象是莫斯科的行政区;主题是他们的人口对潜在的自然和人为灾害的脆弱性的时间模式。该研究的研究问题是制定莫斯科地区的类型,并从人口易受自然和人为灾害影响的角度进一步评估这种可持续性。为了实现这一研究问题,解决了一系列任务:1。处理移动运营商的数据阵列,并进一步构建2019年莫斯科人口动态的连续图(时间周期为30分钟,在7000多个时间片中进行了3600多万次测量);2.对莫斯科地区人口动态的每日、每周、季节性周期的自然时间边界的经验论证;3.城市人口脆弱性的关键因素和参数的合理性;4.使用所选变量和时期的莫斯科地区动态聚类方法的发展和认可。这项研究基于莫斯科市信息技术部提供的2019年非个人移动运营商用户位置数据。采用动态聚类分析的方法。获得了四个特定的聚类,这些聚类描述了定居系统在主要社交时间间隔(寒冷和温暖季节的工作日和周末)的“行为”。С光泽稳定性矩阵可以确定哪些地区在审查期间保留了其特性,哪些地区的特征是所考虑的人口脆弱性指标不稳定。根据地区在特定集群中的位置稳定性,确定了“稳定”、“有条件稳定”和“游牧”类型的地区。研究表明,前两种类型包括在时间上稳定的空间定居结构,一年中人口的脆弱性水平大致相同,而第三种类型需要采取特殊的差异化方法来制定措施,保护人口免受自然和人为紧急情况的影响。计算表明,“游牧”类型的地区平均集中在夏季的220万人到冬季的300万人之间,即占首都总人口的很大一部分。
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引用次数: 0
Discovering Spatial Development Control For Indonesia: A Systematic Literature Review 发现印尼的空间发展控制:系统的文献回顾
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-17 DOI: 10.24057/2071-9388-2021-119
Citra F. Utami, K. Mizuno, H. Hasibuan, T. Soesilo
As a developing country, Indonesia is experiencing rapid growth, necessitating the use of development-control instruments to achieve sustainable development. Furthermore, information about land reform implementation in Indonesia can only be found in academic journals written in Indonesian. As a result, determining the appropriate development-control model in Indonesia is critical. The appropriate concepts and development-control tools for Indonesia are discovered by reviewing papers that implement development control globally and the state of development-control implementation locally in Indonesia. However, by presenting the concept of controlling spatial development—beginning with defining development control, then capturing its typologies globally, and finally discussing the implementation condition in Indonesia—the model can also be adopted in countries with a similar planning system. The main gaps and challenges in implementing spatial development-control tools in Indonesia were identified in the final section of this article. In the meantime, a regulatory zoning system would be successful, but a discretionary system that includes economic development opportunities can be considered by strengthening human resources and institutions. The three elements in development control are spatial planning, land development, and regulation. Furthermore, the community’s successful traditional spatial development control can be incorporated into the existing control regulations. 
作为一个发展中国家,印度尼西亚正在经历快速增长,因此必须使用发展控制手段来实现可持续发展。此外,关于印度尼西亚土地改革实施情况的信息只能在用印尼语撰写的学术期刊上找到。因此,在印度尼西亚确定适当的发展控制模式至关重要。通过审查在全球范围内实施发展控制的文件和印度尼西亚当地发展控制实施情况,发现了适用于印度尼西亚的适当概念和发展控制工具。然而,通过提出控制空间发展的概念——从定义发展控制开始,然后在全球范围内捕捉其类型,最后讨论印度尼西亚的实施条件——该模型也可以在具有类似规划系统的国家采用。本文最后一节指出了印度尼西亚在实施空间发展控制工具方面的主要差距和挑战。与此同时,监管分区制度将是成功的,但可以通过加强人力资源和机构来考虑建立一个包括经济发展机会的自由裁量制度。发展控制的三个要素是空间规划、土地开发和调控。此外,社区成功的传统空间发展控制可以纳入现有的控制法规。
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Geography, Environment, Sustainability
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