Our precise observations on Laelaspisella elsae Joharchi, Babaeian & Jalalizand revealed the genus misidentification. We clarify the genus placement, transfer it to Reticulolaelaps Costa and redescribe it paying attention to some discrepancies in the original description. A new definition and diagnosis of Reticulolaelaps and a key for separation of all known species of this genus are proposed. New information on female morphological characters of Reticulolaelaps faini Costa, 1968 is presented, based on specimens collected from soil in Khuzestan and Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari provinces, Iran. Pseudoparasitus lativentris (Karg) and P. jilinensis Ma are transferred from this genus to Reticulolaelaps . A new definition of the genus Pseudoparasitus is proposed.
我们对Laelaspisella elsae Joharchi、Babaeian和Jalalizand的精确观察揭示了该属的误认。我们澄清了属的位置，将其转移到Reticulolaelaps Costa，并注意到原始描述中的一些差异。提出了网织纹蝶的新定义和诊断，以及分离该属所有已知物种的关键。根据从伊朗胡齐斯坦省和Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari省的土壤中采集的标本，提供了关于网织物的雌性形态特征的新信息。阔腹假副伞属（Pseudoparasitus lativentris，Karg）和马脊伞属（P.jilinensis Ma）是从该属转移到网织蝴蝶属（Reticulolaelalaps）的。提出了拟副伞属的新定义。
{"title":"A review of the genus Reticulolaelaps Costa and redescription of R. elsae (Joharchi, Babaeian & Jalalizand) comb. nov.","authors":"A. Nemati, A. Khalili-Moghadam, D. Gwiazdowicz","doi":"10.22073/PJA.V8I2.43017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22073/PJA.V8I2.43017","url":null,"abstract":"Our precise observations on Laelaspisella elsae Joharchi, Babaeian & Jalalizand revealed the genus misidentification. We clarify the genus placement, transfer it to Reticulolaelaps Costa and redescribe it paying attention to some discrepancies in the original description. A new definition and diagnosis of Reticulolaelaps and a key for separation of all known species of this genus are proposed. New information on female morphological characters of Reticulolaelaps faini Costa, 1968 is presented, based on specimens collected from soil in Khuzestan and Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari provinces, Iran. Pseudoparasitus lativentris (Karg) and P. jilinensis Ma are transferred from this genus to Reticulolaelaps . A new definition of the genus Pseudoparasitus is proposed.","PeriodicalId":37567,"journal":{"name":"Persian Journal of Acarology","volume":"8 1","pages":"77-97"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47911418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The walnut leaf gall mite ( Aceria tristriatus ) is one of the major pests of walnut in western Iran. Therefore, a study to determine the predatory mites associated with this pest in Hamedan and Lorestan provinces was carried out during 2014–2017. In this survey, totally 10 species belong to six genera and three different families including Phytoseiidae: Kuzinellus kuzini Wainstein, Typhlodromus bagdasarjani Wainstein & Arutunjan, Typhlodromus khosrovensis Arutunjan, Euseius finlandicus Oudemans; Iolinidae: Neopronematus iranensis Ahmad-Hosseini et al. , Neopronematus solani Ripka et al. , Pronematus rykei Meyer & Rodrigues; Tydeidae: Tydeus caryae Khanjani & Ueckermann, Tydeus goetzi Schruft, and Tydeus electus Kuznetzov were collected and identified. Kuzinellus kuzini Wainstein had the highest frequency and distribution in this survey. Among the collected species, Typhlodromus khosrovensis , Typhlodromus bagdasarjani , E. finlandicus , N. solani , Tydeus caryae , Tydeus goetzi and Tydeus electus are re-described in the present paper. Tydeus goetzi and Neopronematus solani are reported for the first time for Hamedan and Lorestan provinces.
{"title":"Study on predatory mites of Aceria tristriatus (Nalepa, 1890) from Hamedan and Lorestan provinces, Western Iran","authors":"Mohammad Ahmad-Hoseini, M. Khanjani, R. Karamian","doi":"10.22073/PJA.V8I2.45640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22073/PJA.V8I2.45640","url":null,"abstract":"The walnut leaf gall mite ( Aceria tristriatus ) is one of the major pests of walnut in western Iran. Therefore, a study to determine the predatory mites associated with this pest in Hamedan and Lorestan provinces was carried out during 2014–2017. In this survey, totally 10 species belong to six genera and three different families including Phytoseiidae: Kuzinellus kuzini Wainstein, Typhlodromus bagdasarjani Wainstein & Arutunjan, Typhlodromus khosrovensis Arutunjan, Euseius finlandicus Oudemans; Iolinidae: Neopronematus iranensis Ahmad-Hosseini et al. , Neopronematus solani Ripka et al. , Pronematus rykei Meyer & Rodrigues; Tydeidae: Tydeus caryae Khanjani & Ueckermann, Tydeus goetzi Schruft, and Tydeus electus Kuznetzov were collected and identified. Kuzinellus kuzini Wainstein had the highest frequency and distribution in this survey. Among the collected species, Typhlodromus khosrovensis , Typhlodromus bagdasarjani , E. finlandicus , N. solani , Tydeus caryae , Tydeus goetzi and Tydeus electus are re-described in the present paper. Tydeus goetzi and Neopronematus solani are reported for the first time for Hamedan and Lorestan provinces.","PeriodicalId":37567,"journal":{"name":"Persian Journal of Acarology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.22073/PJA.V8I2.45640","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45897658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Solovev, A.A. Uskov, Ye.A. Bondarenko, A. Rakin, V. Kravtsov
Herein, historical collection of ticks (Acari: Argasidae) , which were collected by E. Pavlovsky of parasitological expeditions to Central Asia (1934-1955), are reported.
{"title":"Historical collection of ticks (Acari: Argasidae) from Iran and other regions of central Asia (Museogenomics research)","authors":"A. Solovev, A.A. Uskov, Ye.A. Bondarenko, A. Rakin, V. Kravtsov","doi":"10.22073/PJA.V8I2.47978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22073/PJA.V8I2.47978","url":null,"abstract":"Herein, historical collection of ticks (Acari: Argasidae) , which were collected by E. Pavlovsky of parasitological expeditions to Central Asia (1934-1955), are reported.","PeriodicalId":37567,"journal":{"name":"Persian Journal of Acarology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43671585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Bahirae, S. Jafari, P. Lotfollahi, J. Shakarami
One new species of eriophyoid mite, Notallus phlomicosae Lotfollahi & Bahirai sp. nov. , associated with Phlomis fruticosa L. (Lamiaceae) is described and illustrated from Lorestan province of Iran. It is the first record of a Notallus species on plants of Lamiaceae. In addition, a key to the known Notallus mite species worldwide, table of morphological comparison among them and figures of their prodorsal shield patterns are provided.
{"title":"A new species of Notallus (Acari: Eriophyidae) on Lamiaceae from Iran","authors":"F. Bahirae, S. Jafari, P. Lotfollahi, J. Shakarami","doi":"10.22073/PJA.V8I2.45623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22073/PJA.V8I2.45623","url":null,"abstract":"One new species of eriophyoid mite, Notallus phlomicosae Lotfollahi & Bahirai sp. nov. , associated with Phlomis fruticosa L. (Lamiaceae) is described and illustrated from Lorestan province of Iran. It is the first record of a Notallus species on plants of Lamiaceae. In addition, a key to the known Notallus mite species worldwide, table of morphological comparison among them and figures of their prodorsal shield patterns are provided.","PeriodicalId":37567,"journal":{"name":"Persian Journal of Acarology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.22073/PJA.V8I2.45623","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43951026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, the genus Plegadognathus Morselli, 1981 with the species P. bonariensis . Viets, 1936) is recorded from Qatar for the first time. Diagnoses for the genus Plegadognathus and the short description of female of P. bonariensis are given with original illustrations.
{"title":"Plegadognathus bonariensis (Acari: Halacaridae): First halacarid mite report from Qatar","authors":"Furkan Durucan, P. Range, R. Ben-Hamadou","doi":"10.22073/PJA.V8I2.45159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22073/PJA.V8I2.45159","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the genus Plegadognathus Morselli, 1981 with the species P. bonariensis . Viets, 1936) is recorded from Qatar for the first time. Diagnoses for the genus Plegadognathus and the short description of female of P. bonariensis are given with original illustrations.","PeriodicalId":37567,"journal":{"name":"Persian Journal of Acarology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.22073/PJA.V8I2.45159","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45970883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The generic diagnosis of Bursaustium Haitlinger, 2000 is modified and Bursaustium zabolensis Noei sp. nov. (Acari: Trombidiformes: Erythraeidae) collected from soil samples (off host) under tamarisk trees in Zabol city, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran, is described. It is the third known species of the genus and second species of this genus from Iran. A key to species of Bursaustium (larva) is also provided.
{"title":"Modification in the generic diagnosis of Bursaustium (Acari: Erythraeidae) with description of a new species from southeast of Iran","authors":"J. Noei, Farzad Minab Podineh, S. Ramroodi","doi":"10.22073/PJA.V8I2.43011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22073/PJA.V8I2.43011","url":null,"abstract":"The generic diagnosis of Bursaustium Haitlinger, 2000 is modified and Bursaustium zabolensis Noei sp. nov. (Acari: Trombidiformes: Erythraeidae) collected from soil samples (off host) under tamarisk trees in Zabol city, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran, is described. It is the third known species of the genus and second species of this genus from Iran. A key to species of Bursaustium (larva) is also provided.","PeriodicalId":37567,"journal":{"name":"Persian Journal of Acarology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.22073/PJA.V8I2.43011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49592208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Spiromesifen is a widely used pesticide (acaricide) for controlling the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) which is a severe pest on strawberries in Mersin region of Turkey. The experiment was carried out, under laboratory conditions (25 ± 1 °C, 60 ± 10% relative humidity and 16-h light) for the evaluation of responses of the spider mite against spiromesifen. The responses (mortality rate, sensitivity) of mite populations to pesticide were estimated by calculation of the mortality rate or effectiveness ratio (% Abbott), for three different concentrations (recommended, 1/2 and 1/4 of applied rate). According to effectiveness ratio, the mite species shows oversensitivity to eggs and immature stages for spiromesifen which were classified as harmful. Adults of T. urticae were found less susceptible to this acaricide. Spiromesifen was considered to be the most toxic to the eggs. Eggs hatching ratio has been reduced by almost 90–100% at the recommended and other applied concentra-tions at 36–72 h (0.5, 0.25 and 0.125 μL/mL). Spiromesifen was found to be highly toxic on eggs hatching ratio at 48 hours. The highest effectiveness ratios estimated for immature stages were 79, 89 and 98% for each concentration respectively (0.5, 0.25 and 0.125 μL/mL). Given the adult stage of the two-spotted spider mite, the highest response was carried out at the recommended concentration, which has the mortality rate reaching over 96 % after 60 hours.
{"title":"Toxicity of spiromesifen on different developmental stages of two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)","authors":"S. Çobanoğlu, Begül Güldali Kandiltaş","doi":"10.22073/PJA.V8I1.39155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22073/PJA.V8I1.39155","url":null,"abstract":"Spiromesifen is a widely used pesticide (acaricide) for controlling the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) which is a severe pest on strawberries in Mersin region of Turkey. The experiment was carried out, under laboratory conditions (25 ± 1 °C, 60 ± 10% relative humidity and 16-h light) for the evaluation of responses of the spider mite against spiromesifen. The responses (mortality rate, sensitivity) of mite populations to pesticide were estimated by calculation of the mortality rate or effectiveness ratio (% Abbott), for three different concentrations (recommended, 1/2 and 1/4 of applied rate). According to effectiveness ratio, the mite species shows oversensitivity to eggs and immature stages for spiromesifen which were classified as harmful. Adults of T. urticae were found less susceptible to this acaricide. Spiromesifen was considered to be the most toxic to the eggs. Eggs hatching ratio has been reduced by almost 90–100% at the recommended and other applied concentra-tions at 36–72 h (0.5, 0.25 and 0.125 μL/mL). Spiromesifen was found to be highly toxic on eggs hatching ratio at 48 hours. The highest effectiveness ratios estimated for immature stages were 79, 89 and 98% for each concentration respectively (0.5, 0.25 and 0.125 μL/mL). Given the adult stage of the two-spotted spider mite, the highest response was carried out at the recommended concentration, which has the mortality rate reaching over 96 % after 60 hours.","PeriodicalId":37567,"journal":{"name":"Persian Journal of Acarology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.22073/PJA.V8I1.39155","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43845780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Iman Hassanvand, S. Jafari, M. Khanjani, M. Khanjani
Aegyptobia gotohi sp. nov . is described and illustrated based on female specimens collected from barberry bushes, Berberis sp. (Berberidaceae) in Nurabad, Lorestan province, Iran.
{"title":"A new species of the genus Aegyptobia (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) from Lorestan province, Iran","authors":"Iman Hassanvand, S. Jafari, M. Khanjani, M. Khanjani","doi":"10.22073/PJA.V8I1.41300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22073/PJA.V8I1.41300","url":null,"abstract":"Aegyptobia gotohi sp. nov . is described and illustrated based on female specimens collected from barberry bushes, Berberis sp. (Berberidaceae) in Nurabad, Lorestan province, Iran.","PeriodicalId":37567,"journal":{"name":"Persian Journal of Acarology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.22073/PJA.V8I1.41300","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44572050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saba Sepahvandian, S. Jafari, A. Amin, J. Shakarami
Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida (Acari: Tetranychidae) is considered an important pest of different crops; its damage significantly has increased in recent years in some regions of Iran. The life history parameters of T. kanzawai on six red bean genotypes (KS31288, KS31292, KS31287, KS31285, Akhtar and Goli) at 28 ± 1 oC, 50 ± 10% RH and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L: D) h were studied. The life table was constructed considering the female characters of the studied cohort. The developmental time of T. kanzawai differed among tested genotypes and ranged from 8.50 days on KS31285 to 9.77 days on KS31292. The highest and lowest value of immature survival rate were 0.85% on KS31285 and 0.77% on KS31287, respectively. The total fecundity varied significantly on different genotypes, being the highest on KS31288 (71.40 eggs) and the lowest on Akhtar (19.44 eggs). The mean generation time ( T ) was shortest on Akhtar (8.54 days) and longest on KS31288 (12.09 days). The lowest intrinsic rate of natural increase ( r m ) was recorded on KS31287 (0.229 day -1 ) and the highest values of this parameter were obtained on KS31288 (0.303 day -1 ). According to our results, KS31288 and KS31287 were partially susceptible and resistant genotypes to T. kanzawai , respectively. The findings of this study provide new insights to design a more comprehensive pest management program for this pest.
岸田叶螨(蜱螨亚纲:叶螨科)被认为是不同作物的重要害虫;近年来，它在伊朗一些地区造成的破坏显著增加。研究了KS31288、KS31292、KS31287、KS31285、Akhtar和Goli 6种红豆基因型(KS31288、KS31292、KS31287、KS31285)在28±1℃、50±10% RH和16:8 (L: D) h光照条件下的生活史参数。考虑研究队列的女性特征，构建了生命表。不同基因型kanzawai T.的发育时间差异较大，在KS31285上为8.50 d，在KS31292上为9.77 d。KS31285的未成熟存活率最高为0.85%，KS31287的存活率最低为0.77%。不同基因型的总产卵量差异显著，KS31288最高(71.40个卵)，Akhtar最低(19.44个卵)。平均生成时间(T)在Akhtar上最短(8.54 d)，在KS31288上最长(12.09 d)。KS31287的固有自然增长率(r m)最低(0.229 day -1)， KS31288的该参数最高(0.303 day -1)。结果表明，KS31288和KS31287分别为kanzawai T.部分易感基因型和部分抗性基因型。本研究结果为设计更全面的害虫管理方案提供了新的见解。
{"title":"Life table parameters of Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida (Acari: Tetranychidae) on six red bean genotypes","authors":"Saba Sepahvandian, S. Jafari, A. Amin, J. Shakarami","doi":"10.22073/PJA.V8I1.40286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22073/PJA.V8I1.40286","url":null,"abstract":"Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida (Acari: Tetranychidae) is considered an important pest of different crops; its damage significantly has increased in recent years in some regions of Iran. The life history parameters of T. kanzawai on six red bean genotypes (KS31288, KS31292, KS31287, KS31285, Akhtar and Goli) at 28 ± 1 oC, 50 ± 10% RH and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L: D) h were studied. The life table was constructed considering the female characters of the studied cohort. The developmental time of T. kanzawai differed among tested genotypes and ranged from 8.50 days on KS31285 to 9.77 days on KS31292. The highest and lowest value of immature survival rate were 0.85% on KS31285 and 0.77% on KS31287, respectively. The total fecundity varied significantly on different genotypes, being the highest on KS31288 (71.40 eggs) and the lowest on Akhtar (19.44 eggs). The mean generation time ( T ) was shortest on Akhtar (8.54 days) and longest on KS31288 (12.09 days). The lowest intrinsic rate of natural increase ( r m ) was recorded on KS31287 (0.229 day -1 ) and the highest values of this parameter were obtained on KS31288 (0.303 day -1 ). According to our results, KS31288 and KS31287 were partially susceptible and resistant genotypes to T. kanzawai , respectively. The findings of this study provide new insights to design a more comprehensive pest management program for this pest.","PeriodicalId":37567,"journal":{"name":"Persian Journal of Acarology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.22073/PJA.V8I1.40286","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48339426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Schizotetranychus ugarovi Wainstein is redescribed from new materials collected on Alhagi maurorum (Fabaceae) in Iran, representing a new country for this species.
{"title":"Redescription of Schizotetranychus ugarovi Wainstein (Acari: Tetranychidae) based on new materials from Iran","authors":"D. Bastani, M. Asadi","doi":"10.22073/PJA.V8I1.42733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22073/PJA.V8I1.42733","url":null,"abstract":"Schizotetranychus ugarovi Wainstein is redescribed from new materials collected on Alhagi maurorum (Fabaceae) in Iran, representing a new country for this species.","PeriodicalId":37567,"journal":{"name":"Persian Journal of Acarology","volume":"8 1","pages":"19-26"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.22073/PJA.V8I1.42733","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43016766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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