Pub Date : 2022-02-10DOI: 10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i1.5
Desislava Yordanova-Petrova
This paper focuses on the participles of the passive perfect in the Greek language and their functional equivalents in Bulgarian translations. For the purposes of the study, a translation corpus was used, consisting of 500 forms of the Greek participles of the passive perfect. The examples are excerpted from five books by Greek authors, translated into Bulgarian by professional translators. The results of the research show that the dominant functional equivalent of the Greek participle of the passive perfect in the Bulgarian language is quite naturally the past passive participle. Yet, although both languages have the category of past passive participles, with similar meanings and functions, in the course of the study it turned out that only about half of the forms of participles in Greek are rendered into Bulgarian with the same type of participles. The other main functional equivalents of the Greek participles of the passive perfect are adjectives and past perfect active participles, and in rare cases adverbs, nouns, verbs, other participles and prepositional phrases are used. The present study once again illustrates the fact that comparative research has always been and will continue to be a reliable tool for a more systematic and comprehensive study of the meanings and functions of certain linguistic phenomena, something that is not always achievable in a single language.
{"title":"THE PARTICIPLES OF THE PASSIVE PERFECT IN GREEK AND THEIR FUNCTIONAL EQUIVALENTS IN BULGARIAN (BASED ON A TRANSLATION CORPUS)","authors":"Desislava Yordanova-Petrova","doi":"10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i1.5","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on the participles of the passive perfect in the Greek language and their functional equivalents in Bulgarian translations. For the purposes of the study, a translation corpus was used, consisting of 500 forms of the Greek participles of the passive perfect. The examples are excerpted from five books by Greek authors, translated into Bulgarian by professional translators. The results of the research show that the dominant functional equivalent of the Greek participle of the passive perfect in the Bulgarian language is quite naturally the past passive participle. Yet, although both languages have the category of past passive participles, with similar meanings and functions, in the course of the study it turned out that only about half of the forms of participles in Greek are rendered into Bulgarian with the same type of participles. The other main functional equivalents of the Greek participles of the passive perfect are adjectives and past perfect active participles, and in rare cases adverbs, nouns, verbs, other participles and prepositional phrases are used. The present study once again illustrates the fact that comparative research has always been and will continue to be a reliable tool for a more systematic and comprehensive study of the meanings and functions of certain linguistic phenomena, something that is not always achievable in a single language.","PeriodicalId":375728,"journal":{"name":"Ezikov Svyat volume 20 issue 1","volume":"167 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125786224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-10DOI: 10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i1.4
V. Denysiuk
The article attempts to analyze the state of studying the formation of the phraseological fund of the Ukrainian language in domestic linguistics. The analysis showed that the traditional approach in Ukrainian studies is to fix the phraseology, clarify its semantics and unite them in groups according to the semantic criterion. In a few studies, the stylistic functions of phraseological units are presented and their comparative analysis in related languages is performed. It was found that the research was performed on the basis of materials of business style written documents of the XIV–XVII centuries, while written documents of other styles serve as a source base much less often or were left out of consideration. The same applies to the time period where the Kyiv Rus’ period is presented in only one study. The analysis of works on historical phraseology showed that in Ukrainian linguistics this trend has not been studied yet. The number of written memorabilia available for research is increasing, while several linguists are currently working on their phraseological system. The traditional method of interpreting phraseology is undergoing transformation: instead of studying phraseology within one style, one can observe its processing through discourse analysis and cross-stylistic parallels, which allows to record metaphorical shifts and determine in which style or genre the phraseologized meaning developed.
{"title":"RESEARCH ON HISTORICAL PHRASEOLOGY IN UKRAINIAN LINGUISTICS (50s of the XX century – 20s of the XXI century)","authors":"V. Denysiuk","doi":"10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i1.4","url":null,"abstract":"The article attempts to analyze the state of studying the formation of the phraseological fund of the Ukrainian language in domestic linguistics. The analysis showed that the traditional approach in Ukrainian studies is to fix the phraseology, clarify its semantics and unite them in groups according to the semantic criterion. In a few studies, the stylistic functions of phraseological units are presented and their comparative analysis in related languages is performed. It was found that the research was performed on the basis of materials of business style written documents of the XIV–XVII centuries, while written documents of other styles serve as a source base much less often or were left out of consideration. The same applies to the time period where the Kyiv Rus’ period is presented in only one study. The analysis of works on historical phraseology showed that in Ukrainian linguistics this trend has not been studied yet. The number of written memorabilia available for research is increasing, while several linguists are currently working on their phraseological system. The traditional method of interpreting phraseology is undergoing transformation: instead of studying phraseology within one style, one can observe its processing through discourse analysis and cross-stylistic parallels, which allows to record metaphorical shifts and determine in which style or genre the phraseologized meaning developed.","PeriodicalId":375728,"journal":{"name":"Ezikov Svyat volume 20 issue 1","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114788367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-10DOI: 10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i1.2
T. Venkova
The paper discusses how Yordan Penčev, the pioneer of the Bulgarian generative syntax, bridged the ideas of Alexander Teodorov-Balan’s native formal school with those of Noam Chomsky’s – the representative of the American generative-transformational grammar. Penčev established such connections in his first publications ever (1953, 1958), thus strengthening the thread of the Bulgarian syntactic formalism, despite the obstructions of the totalitarian period. The text focuses on the core of Balan’s ideas, as commented by Penčev in his first two publications, such as distinction between lexical notion and syntactic meaning, case as a semantic category, classification of pronouns based on syntactic criteria, and positing a prepositional phrase as a full-fledged member of the constituent structure. Further on, the paper compares the ideas commented by Penčev in those early publications with the corresponding ones in the early Chomsky’s works (1957), whereby strong similarity is shown. Finally, the mentioned ideas are compared with the key words in the titles of Penčev’s subsequent publications until 1972. The comparison results show that the key issues of Balan, interpreted in Chomskyan light, turn out to have been programming for the early period of Yordan Penčev in general. By way of affirming selected Balan's formal ideas in the Bulgarian linguistics, Penčev opened the way for creative borrowing and development of the then dominant American generative ideas.
{"title":"FROM BALAN TO CHOMSKY – THE FIRST STEPS OF YORDAN PENČEV IN THE BULGARIAN SYNTAX","authors":"T. Venkova","doi":"10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i1.2","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses how Yordan Penčev, the pioneer of the Bulgarian generative syntax, bridged the ideas of Alexander Teodorov-Balan’s native formal school with those of Noam Chomsky’s – the representative of the American generative-transformational grammar. Penčev established such connections in his first publications ever (1953, 1958), thus strengthening the thread of the Bulgarian syntactic formalism, despite the obstructions of the totalitarian period.\u0000The text focuses on the core of Balan’s ideas, as commented by Penčev in his first two publications, such as distinction between lexical notion and syntactic meaning, case as a semantic category, classification of pronouns based on syntactic criteria, and positing a prepositional phrase as a full-fledged member of the constituent structure. Further on, the paper compares the ideas commented by Penčev in those early publications with the corresponding ones in the early Chomsky’s works (1957), whereby strong similarity is shown. Finally, the mentioned ideas are compared with the key words in the titles of Penčev’s subsequent publications until 1972. The comparison results show that the key issues of Balan, interpreted in Chomskyan light, turn out to have been programming for the early period of Yordan Penčev in general. By way of affirming selected Balan's formal ideas in the Bulgarian linguistics, Penčev opened the way for creative borrowing and development of the then dominant American generative ideas.","PeriodicalId":375728,"journal":{"name":"Ezikov Svyat volume 20 issue 1","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116834470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-10DOI: 10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i1.19
Tanya Stoyanova
The deals with the novel “Zhari in Africa” by Emil Koralov, published in 1942. The author of the paper focuses on the fantastic in the novel – the mechanisms that realize it, the relations between fantasy and realism. She pays attention to the adventure, the education, the cult of the science and the Utopia in view of the fact that this novel was created for children. Fantasy is a relatively young genre in contemporary Bulgarian literature. It was created under the influence of the translated literature and its beginning can be traced in diabolism. Between World War I and World War II far more fantastic books for children were published than for the adults. Such books were written by Emil Koralov, Elin Pelin, Nikolay Fol, etc. The accent is on adventure, travels in unknown lands and seas, and new technologies. The authors use some motifs from folklore and mythology. Emil Koralov was one of the first authors who wrote science fiction in the field of children’s literature and he was actually the most prolific writer between the World War I and the World War II. He wrote more than twenty novels for two decades. These novels were published in sequential instalments on the pages of the literary newspaper for children and teenagers “The Jolly Company”. Then these novels were exceptionally popular.
{"title":"FANTASY AND REALITY IN THE NOVEL \"ZHARI IN AFRICA\" BY EMIL KORALOV","authors":"Tanya Stoyanova","doi":"10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i1.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i1.19","url":null,"abstract":"The deals with the novel “Zhari in Africa” by Emil Koralov, published in 1942. The author of the paper focuses on the fantastic in the novel – the mechanisms that realize it, the relations between fantasy and realism. She pays attention to the adventure, the education, the cult of the science and the Utopia in view of the fact that this novel was created for children. \u0000Fantasy is a relatively young genre in contemporary Bulgarian literature. It was created under the influence of the translated literature and its beginning can be traced in diabolism. Between World War I and World War II far more fantastic books for children were published than for the adults. Such books were written by Emil Koralov, Elin Pelin, Nikolay Fol, etc. The accent is on adventure, travels in unknown lands and seas, and new technologies. The authors use some motifs from folklore and mythology. \u0000Emil Koralov was one of the first authors who wrote science fiction in the field of children’s literature and he was actually the most prolific writer between the World War I and the World War II. He wrote more than twenty novels for two decades. These novels were published in sequential instalments on the pages of the literary newspaper for children and teenagers “The Jolly Company”. Then these novels were exceptionally popular.","PeriodicalId":375728,"journal":{"name":"Ezikov Svyat volume 20 issue 1","volume":"189 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128357021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-10DOI: 10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i1.7
M. Georgieva
The projections of the categories of linguistic consciousness and linguistic personality as prototypes of the power of language in general are sought in the work. The cognitive method is used to analyze the relationship between language consciousness and language personality, on the one hand, and norm and error as a clash of phenomena in the developmental process of language, on the other hand. The power of language is manifested and proved by linguistic media explication and at the same time “regulates” it through language laws and language norms. The media language refers to developmental processes in the vocabulary of the language. Lexicalization and grammaticalization can be traced and regulated in the direction of enriching the language and its future as a cognitive passport of national identity. The media discourse is a source of non-normative uses that should be prevented; it presupposes modern and up-to-date regulatory mechanisms in the direction of language protection and preservation - again as a cognitive passport of national identity and cultural sovereignty. The phenomenon for us is the collision of language - speech on the territory of human consciousness as an emanation of cognitive claim and communicative intention, more precisely in their section. Consequently, the problem is the extent to which the linguistic personality has a definite consciousness in terms of linguistic laws in order to present culture in its natural and a priori presentation.
{"title":"THE LANGUAGE OF THE MEDIA: LANGUAGE CONSCIOUSNESS, NORM AND ERROR","authors":"M. Georgieva","doi":"10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i1.7","url":null,"abstract":"The projections of the categories of linguistic consciousness and linguistic personality as prototypes of the power of language in general are sought in the work. The cognitive method is used to analyze the relationship between language consciousness and language personality, on the one hand, and norm and error as a clash of phenomena in the developmental process of language, on the other hand. The power of language is manifested and proved by linguistic media explication and at the same time “regulates” it through language laws and language norms.\u0000The media language refers to developmental processes in the vocabulary of the language. Lexicalization and grammaticalization can be traced and regulated in the direction of enriching the language and its future as a cognitive passport of national identity. The media discourse is a source of non-normative uses that should be prevented; it presupposes modern and up-to-date regulatory mechanisms in the direction of language protection and preservation - again as a cognitive passport of national identity and cultural sovereignty.\u0000The phenomenon for us is the collision of language - speech on the territory of human consciousness as an emanation of cognitive claim and communicative intention, more precisely in their section. Consequently, the problem is the extent to which the linguistic personality has a definite consciousness in terms of linguistic laws in order to present culture in its natural and a priori presentation.","PeriodicalId":375728,"journal":{"name":"Ezikov Svyat volume 20 issue 1","volume":"64 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132502494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-10DOI: 10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i1.3
Katarzyna DRÓŻDŻ-ŁUSZCZYK
The article attempts to provide an answer to the questions concerning the aspects of internationalization of the Polish lexical stock, in the 21th century. In the first part, the author presents a list of new loanwords, for example, pendrive, followers, vlog, burger, webinarium, ciabatta, tacos. The new words are mostly borrowed from the English language. In the second part of the article, the author presents neologisms formation which perform various function (for example expressive, nominative). In this section the productivity of foreign prefixes and ranks with the formation of borrowed morphemes are discussed, too. The main objective of the paper is to show how old loanwords (for example alkoholik, parking, skleroza, automat, akwarium) have an impact on the creation of hybrids. The author describes word-formation like motylarium, żółwiarium, pająkarium, reklamoza, szyldoza, grantoza, serialoholik, fejsoholik, kawomat, ciastkomat, parawaning, grobing and she points to the patterns by which new units were created. Other authors perceive these phenomena as inextricably bound with the tendency to internationalization and with the processes of “linguistic globalization”. The main thesis of the article is that borrowed suffixes have different functions, the most important of which are creativity and language game, evaluation, especially negative one. The analysed phenomena prove that there is no clear border between creation of words and their borrowing, between the nominative function and the language game.
{"title":"QUANTITATIVE CHANGES IN THE VOCABULARY OF CONTEMPORARY POLISH (FUNCTIONS OF BORROWED WORDS AND SUFFIXES)","authors":"Katarzyna DRÓŻDŻ-ŁUSZCZYK","doi":"10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i1.3","url":null,"abstract":"The article attempts to provide an answer to the questions concerning the aspects of internationalization of the Polish lexical stock, in the 21th century. In the first part, the author presents a list of new loanwords, for example, pendrive, followers, vlog, burger, webinarium, ciabatta, tacos. The new words are mostly borrowed from the English language. In the second part of the article, the author presents neologisms formation which perform various function (for example expressive, nominative). In this section the productivity of foreign prefixes and ranks with the formation of borrowed morphemes are discussed, too.\u0000The main objective of the paper is to show how old loanwords (for example alkoholik, parking, skleroza, automat, akwarium) have an impact on the creation of hybrids. The author describes word-formation like motylarium, żółwiarium, pająkarium, reklamoza, szyldoza, grantoza, serialoholik, fejsoholik, kawomat, ciastkomat, parawaning, grobing and she points to the patterns by which new units were created. Other authors perceive these phenomena as inextricably bound with the tendency to internationalization and with the processes of “linguistic globalization”. The main thesis of the article is that borrowed suffixes have different functions, the most important of which are creativity and language game, evaluation, especially negative one.\u0000The analysed phenomena prove that there is no clear border between creation of words and their borrowing, between the nominative function and the language game.","PeriodicalId":375728,"journal":{"name":"Ezikov Svyat volume 20 issue 1","volume":"156 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133005375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-10DOI: 10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i1.18
V. Musiy
This paper is dedicated to the investigation of the reasons for the double appearing in Svetoslav Minkov’s stories, the archetype roots of the duality motif in these works, the variants of duality and the connection of this motif with Minkov’s conception of the human. Three groups of stories in which the motif of duality has a constructive function are marked in the paper: bifurcation of the hero, when a part of his nature separates and starts its own existence; appearance of artificially made human likeness; representation of doubles by objects. Attention is paid mainly to the stories in which human beings and plants (or objects, things, etc.) are constantly replacing each other. Such stories are: “Blue Chrysanthemum”, “Asphalt” and “The Story of One Begonia”. The investigation of the story “Blue Chrysanthemum” is accompanied by parallels with the works of Nikolai Gogol (“Portrait”) and Alexander Grin (“Mysterious Disc” and “Grey Automobile”), in which the thing gains power over man, as well as with Karel Chapek’s story, which emphasizes the uniqueness of the blue chrysanthemum. Psychological and mystical motivations of what happened to the hero of the story “Blue Chrysanthemum” (fear as a cause of hallucinations or the mythological motif of the subject, which becomes the twin of its owner and avenges instead of him) are offered. In the stories “Asphalt” and “Story of One Begonia” the identification of heroes and objects (things) has another sense: it emphasizes the abnormality of the emptiness of life of the heroes. The author of the article applied to the study of Minkov's stories a motive analysis, hermeneutic strategies, as well as a typological method.
{"title":"THE MOTIF OF DUALITY IN SVETOSLAV MINKOV’S STORIES","authors":"V. Musiy","doi":"10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i1.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i1.18","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is dedicated to the investigation of the reasons for the double appearing in Svetoslav Minkov’s stories, the archetype roots of the duality motif in these works, the variants of duality and the connection of this motif with Minkov’s conception of the human. Three groups of stories in which the motif of duality has a constructive function are marked in the paper: bifurcation of the hero, when a part of his nature separates and starts its own existence; appearance of artificially made human likeness; representation of doubles by objects. Attention is paid mainly to the stories in which human beings and plants (or objects, things, etc.) are constantly replacing each other. Such stories are: “Blue Chrysanthemum”, “Asphalt” and “The Story of One Begonia”. The investigation of the story “Blue Chrysanthemum” is accompanied by parallels with the works of Nikolai Gogol (“Portrait”) and Alexander Grin (“Mysterious Disc” and “Grey Automobile”), in which the thing gains power over man, as well as with Karel Chapek’s story, which emphasizes the uniqueness of the blue chrysanthemum. Psychological and mystical motivations of what happened to the hero of the story “Blue Chrysanthemum” (fear as a cause of hallucinations or the mythological motif of the subject, which becomes the twin of its owner and avenges instead of him) are offered. In the stories “Asphalt” and “Story of One Begonia” the identification of heroes and objects (things) has another sense: it emphasizes the abnormality of the emptiness of life of the heroes.\u0000The author of the article applied to the study of Minkov's stories a motive analysis, hermeneutic strategies, as well as a typological method.","PeriodicalId":375728,"journal":{"name":"Ezikov Svyat volume 20 issue 1","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128337941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-10DOI: 10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i1.9
Antony Hoyte-West
This overview explores the impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and the associated restrictions on the professional status of the conference interpreting profession, paying specific attention to the EU context. With international conferences cancelled or transformed into online events, employment prospects for many conference interpreters have been affected sharply as the profession adapts to the new reality. In the first instance, historical and contemporary aspects of the conference interpreting profession are outlined, including the key role that international organisations played in its development as well as the growing level of scholarly interest in the profession and in conference interpreters themselves. Using information obtained primarily from language industry media sources, this is complemented by an overview of the impact of COVID-19 on the profession, with a particular focus on the EU and its accredited freelance conference interpreters during the pandemic. In addition, issues regarding technological changes – including the shift to remote simultaneous interpreting – are also outlined, with reference to some of the legal and ergonomic implications of this move. The impact on education and professional development is also touched upon, as well as the move towards a more holistic approach to interpreting settings in research and practice. Finally, given the preliminary nature of this overview, suggestions for further empirically-based research projects following the COVID-19 pandemic are offered.
{"title":"NO LONGER ELITE? OBSERVATIONS ON CONFERENCE INTERPRETING, COVID-19, AND THE STATUS OF THE POST-PANDEMIC PROFESSION","authors":"Antony Hoyte-West","doi":"10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i1.9","url":null,"abstract":"This overview explores the impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and the associated restrictions on the professional status of the conference interpreting profession, paying specific attention to the EU context. With international conferences cancelled or transformed into online events, employment prospects for many conference interpreters have been affected sharply as the profession adapts to the new reality. In the first instance, historical and contemporary aspects of the conference interpreting profession are outlined, including the key role that international organisations played in its development as well as the growing level of scholarly interest in the profession and in conference interpreters themselves. Using information obtained primarily from language industry media sources, this is complemented by an overview of the impact of COVID-19 on the profession, with a particular focus on the EU and its accredited freelance conference interpreters during the pandemic. In addition, issues regarding technological changes – including the shift to remote simultaneous interpreting – are also outlined, with reference to some of the legal and ergonomic implications of this move. The impact on education and professional development is also touched upon, as well as the move towards a more holistic approach to interpreting settings in research and practice. Finally, given the preliminary nature of this overview, suggestions for further empirically-based research projects following the COVID-19 pandemic are offered.","PeriodicalId":375728,"journal":{"name":"Ezikov Svyat volume 20 issue 1","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128408214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-10DOI: 10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i1.14
Кamran Akhtar Siddiqui, R. Khan, Iqra Siddiqui
All the four language skills: reading, writing, speaking and listening are equally important for language learners. Studies show that students learning English as a second language face challenges in learning these four skills. However, production skills i.e., writing and speaking seem to pose greater challenge to learners especially in non-English countries. The challenges related to speaking might be related to several psychological or environmental factors. Self-confidence is one of those areas of concern. Therefore, the present study aims to find out if there is a correlation between self-confidence and speaking grades of first year university students at a public sector university in Pakistan. In this regard, a self-confidence questionnaire (SCQ) was administered to 31 participants from a class of Business Administration department. The collected data was analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 20.0 software and Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient was calculated. The data analysis revealed that there is a positive but statistically non-significant correlation between self-confidence and speaking grades. Therefore, the study suggests that some experimental studies on the subject should be conducted, and more variables could be brough in to obtain a broader picture of the phenomenon. Small sample size stands as a limitation of the study.
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Pub Date : 2022-02-10DOI: 10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i1.17
Kamen Rikev
The paper contains a contrastive analysis of two poems: Hristo Botev’s “Hadzhi Dimitar” (1873) and Ivan Vazov’s “The New Graveyard Above Slivnitsa” (1886). Throughout the 20th century both texts were regarded as highly representative of Bulgarian literature with strong influence on the modern national mythology. Their common theme (the death and glorification of national heroes), however, has not provoked intertextual analyses to date. The research leads to the conclusion that while Botev builds his symbolic system on the basis of Bulgarian folklore, Vazov relies on military metaphors and Christian notions, such as the righteous death, the Second Coming and eternity. This pattern, consistent with other works by the two authors, allows to comment on a literary confrontation that shares some similarities with Western European disputes between defenders of classicism and romanticism. In the case of Bulgarian literary history, Botev can be interpreted as the initiator of a long-lasting tradition of romantic glorification through transformation and integration of the folkloristic heritage (mainly the folk song), while Vazov’s classicist concepts had far fewer adherents. In the light of the conducted contrastive analysis the popular thesis, defended by Milena Tsaneva, about Botev and Vazov’s collaboration and continuity in creating the national poetic pantheon demands verification through the questions of confronting ideological and symbolic strategies towards revealing the uniqueness of modern Bulgarian identity.
{"title":"TWO PATHS TO BUILDING THE MODERN BULGARIAN NATIONAL MYTHOLOGY: “HADZHI DIMITAR” BY HRISTO BOTEV AND “THE NEW GRAVEYARD ABOVE SLIVNITSA” BY IVAN VAZOV","authors":"Kamen Rikev","doi":"10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i1.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i1.17","url":null,"abstract":"The paper contains a contrastive analysis of two poems: Hristo Botev’s “Hadzhi Dimitar” (1873) and Ivan Vazov’s “The New Graveyard Above Slivnitsa” (1886). Throughout the 20th century both texts were regarded as highly representative of Bulgarian literature with strong influence on the modern national mythology. Their common theme (the death and glorification of national heroes), however, has not provoked intertextual analyses to date. The research leads to the conclusion that while Botev builds his symbolic system on the basis of Bulgarian folklore, Vazov relies on military metaphors and Christian notions, such as the righteous death, the Second Coming and eternity. This pattern, consistent with other works by the two authors, allows to comment on a literary confrontation that shares some similarities with Western European disputes between defenders of classicism and romanticism. In the case of Bulgarian literary history, Botev can be interpreted as the initiator of a long-lasting tradition of romantic glorification through transformation and integration of the folkloristic heritage (mainly the folk song), while Vazov’s classicist concepts had far fewer adherents. In the light of the conducted contrastive analysis the popular thesis, defended by Milena Tsaneva, about Botev and Vazov’s collaboration and continuity in creating the national poetic pantheon demands verification through the questions of confronting ideological and symbolic strategies towards revealing the uniqueness of modern Bulgarian identity.","PeriodicalId":375728,"journal":{"name":"Ezikov Svyat volume 20 issue 1","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115554437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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