Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews最新文献

Photo-induced reactive oxygen species for selective oxidation of plastics and biomass 用于塑料和生物质选择性氧化的光诱导活性氧

IF 13.1 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2026.100737

Jing Wang , Wenpeng Li , Yan Yan , Mingkai Liu , Bin Liu , Ohno Teruhisa , Zhenyuan Teng

Photo-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) are central to the selective oxidation of plastics and biomass, enabling efficient activation of inert C–H and C–C bonds under mild conditions—a crucial step toward bond cleavage and targeted functionalization. However, achieving precise control over the type, concentration, and spatial distribution of ROS remains challenging, especially for complex multicomponent substrates, as intermediate pathways depend critically on both ROS species and photocatalyst structure. This review systematically summarizes the formation and transformation mechanisms of radical and non-radical ROS and examines the direct role of photogenerated charges in oxidation. It demonstrates how rational catalyst design—through modulation of semiconductor properties, surface/interface structures, co-catalysts, and reaction conditions—can regulate ROS generation, evolution, and reactivity. Representative examples in plastic and biomass oxidation are discussed to illustrate how ROS and charge carriers drive selective depolymerization, monomer recovery, and functionalization via distinct mechanisms. Finally, this review highlights ongoing challenges in controlling ROS dynamics and elucidating their mechanistic roles, underscoring the need to correlate ROS behavior with reaction selectivity and product distribution.

光诱导活性氧（ROS）是塑料和生物质选择性氧化的核心，能够在温和条件下有效激活惰性碳氢键和碳氢键，这是键裂解和靶向功能化的关键一步。然而，实现对ROS类型、浓度和空间分布的精确控制仍然具有挑战性，特别是对于复杂的多组分底物，因为中间途径严重依赖于ROS种类和光催化剂结构。本文系统地综述了自由基和非自由基ROS的形成和转化机制，并探讨了光生电荷在氧化中的直接作用。它展示了合理的催化剂设计——通过半导体特性、表面/界面结构、助催化剂和反应条件的调制——如何调节活性氧的产生、演化和反应活性。讨论了塑料和生物质氧化中的代表性例子，以说明活性氧和载流子如何通过不同的机制驱动选择性解聚、单体回收和功能化。最后，这篇综述强调了在控制ROS动力学和阐明其机制作用方面面临的挑战，强调了将ROS行为与反应选择性和产物分布联系起来的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Photothermal nanomaterials for biomedical therapy and diagnosis: From photothermal conversion mechanisms to clinical translation 用于生物医学治疗和诊断的光热纳米材料：从光热转化机制到临床转化

IF 13.1 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2026.100736

Bowen Shi, Jiao Hua, Chaobo Huang, Ranhua Xiong, Dongyang Miao

Photothermal conversion is a fundamental yet rapidly evolving energy transformation processes that has consistently attracted significant research interest. Recent advances in photothermal nanomaterials have demonstrated their remarkable potential for biomedical applications. This review summarizes recent advances in photothermal nanomaterials, focusing on fundamental photothermal conversion mechanisms and representative material systems associated with each mechanism. Recent progress in applying photothermal materials for disease therapy and diagnosis is also systematically discussed. In therapy, strategies involving photothermal materials for tumor ablation, antibacterial therapy, and immunotherapy are described in detail. In diagnosis, photothermal properties are leveraged for multimodal bioimaging and highly sensitive detection of disease biomarkers. More recently, integrated strategies for multimodal diagnosis and therapy, along with their translational applications, have emerged as key research focuses. Finally, this review outlines key challenges and future prospects of photothermal nanomaterials in preclinical development. This review aims to advance next-generation photothermal nanomaterials and facilitate clinical translation of precision therapy and diagnosis to meet the growing demand for efficient, safe, and personalized healthcare.

光热转换是一种基本而迅速发展的能量转换过程，一直吸引着重要的研究兴趣。光热纳米材料的最新进展显示了其在生物医学应用方面的巨大潜力。本文综述了光热纳米材料的最新研究进展，重点介绍了光热转化的基本机制和与每种机制相关的代表性材料体系。系统地讨论了光热材料在疾病治疗和诊断中的最新进展。在治疗中，涉及肿瘤消融、抗菌治疗和免疫治疗的光热材料的策略被详细描述。在诊断中，光热特性被用于多模式生物成像和疾病生物标志物的高灵敏度检测。最近，多模式诊断和治疗的综合策略及其转化应用已成为关键的研究重点。最后，本文概述了光热纳米材料在临床前开发中的主要挑战和未来前景。本综述旨在推进下一代光热纳米材料，促进精确治疗和诊断的临床转化，以满足对高效、安全和个性化医疗保健日益增长的需求。

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引用次数: 0

Photocatalytic CO2 reduction with a semiconductor/metal complex hybrid system: Toward visible light and water utilization 半导体/金属复合混合系统的光催化CO2还原：朝向可见光和水的利用

IF 13.1 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2025.100735

Takeshi Morikawa , Tomiko M. Suzuki , Yuichi Yamaguchi , Akihiko Kudo

Photocatalytic artificial photosynthesis mimics its natural counterpart by converting solar energy into chemical energy, producing organic molecules from CO₂ and H₂O. In particular, photocatalytic CO₂ reduction with water as the electron donor offers a clean alternative to fossil-fuel-based processes and considered as a promising strategy toward carbon neutrality and environmental sustainability. For example, the conversion of CO₂ and H₂O to HCOOH and O₂ is thermodynamically uphill, with a standard Gibbs free-energy change of ΔG° ∼ + 250 kJ mol⁻¹. Early related studies mainly examined semiconductors or molecular metal complexes as standalone photocatalysts. More recently, increasing attention has focused on semiconductor/metal complex hybrid systems, which couple the strong water-oxidation activity and robustness of semiconductors with the high CO₂ reduction selectivity of metal complexes. Although particulate photocatalytic systems that use water as both the electron and proton source were once considered difficult to realize, recent studies have demonstrated highly selective C₁-product formation at appreciable rates by suppressing competing H₂ evolution. This minireview highlights recent advances in semiconductor/metal complex hybrid photocatalysts for CO₂ reduction, covering both half-reactions that use sacrificial electron donors and fully uphill overall reactions that use water.

光催化人工光合作用通过将太阳能转化为化学能，从二氧化碳和水中产生有机分子来模仿自然光合作用。特别是，以水为电子供体的光催化CO2还原为基于化石燃料的过程提供了一种清洁的替代方案，被认为是实现碳中和和环境可持续性的有前途的策略。例如，CO2和H2O向HCOOH和O2的转化在热力学上是上坡的，其标准吉布斯自由能变化为ΔG°~ + 250 kJ mol−1。早期的相关研究主要是将半导体或分子金属配合物作为独立的光催化剂。近年来，人们越来越关注半导体/金属配合物杂化体系，该体系将半导体的强水氧化活性和稳健性与金属配合物的高CO2还原选择性相结合。虽然利用水作为电子和质子源的微粒光催化系统一度被认为难以实现，但最近的研究表明，通过抑制竞争性的H2演化，以可观的速度形成高度选择性的C₁产物。本文重点介绍了用于CO2还原的半导体/金属复合杂化光催化剂的最新进展，涵盖了使用牺牲电子供体的半反应和使用水的完全上坡反应。

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引用次数: 0

Photocatalytic hydrogen generation from formic acid: Understanding the mechanistic insights and recent trends 甲酸光催化制氢：了解机理和最新趋势

IF 13.1 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews

Pub Date : 2025-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2025.100725

Mathivathani J R , Himanshu Sharma , Kohsuke Mori , Hiromi Yamashita , Priyanka Verma

With growing concerns over fossil fuel depletion, hydrogen is widely recognized as a clean energy carrier with high energy density, but its storage and transport remain major challenges. As an alternative, formic acid has gained attention as a promising liquid organic hydrogen carrier due to its stability, non-toxicity, and ease of handling. Among various hydrogen release strategies, photocatalytic dehydrogenation of formic acid offers a sustainable route by utilizing sunlight under mild conditions via heterogeneous catalysis. In this review, we provide a comprehensive and mechanistic perspective on recent advances in photocatalytic formic acid dehydrogenation (FAD), with a unique classification into three core systems: plasmonic nanomaterial-based, semiconductor-based, and hybrid heterojunction-based photocatalysts, shifting focus from conventional material listings. Each section outlines the corresponding enhancement mechanisms, such as localized surface plasmon resonance-induced charge dynamics, Mott-Schottky junction formation, and interfacial charge transfer across heterostructures. A complete timeline of FAD research is introduced for the first time, providing historical and developmental context. This approach offers a structured understanding of recent progress and points toward future opportunities in sustainable hydrogen generation.

随着人们对化石燃料枯竭的日益关注，氢作为一种能量密度高的清洁能源载体被广泛认可，但其储存和运输仍然是主要挑战。甲酸由于其稳定性、无毒性和易于处理等优点，作为一种很有前途的液态有机氢载体而受到人们的关注。在各种氢释放策略中，光催化甲酸脱氢是一种利用阳光在温和条件下进行多相催化的可持续途径。在这篇综述中，我们对光催化甲酸脱氢（FAD）的最新进展提供了一个全面和机械的视角，并将其独特地分为三个核心系统：基于等离子体纳米材料的光催化剂，基于半导体的光催化剂和基于杂化异质结的光催化剂，将焦点从传统的材料列表转移。每个部分都概述了相应的增强机制，如局部表面等离子体共振诱导的电荷动力学，莫特-肖特基结的形成，以及跨异质结构的界面电荷转移。第一次介绍了FAD研究的完整时间表，提供了历史和发展背景。这种方法提供了对最近进展的结构化理解，并指出了可持续制氢的未来机会。

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引用次数: 0

Activatable chemiluminescence enabled external-light-free photodynamic therapy: From mechanisms, structural designs to theranostics 可活化化学发光使外部无光光动力治疗：从机制，结构设计到治疗学

IF 13.1 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews

Pub Date : 2025-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2025.100724

Yan-Qin He , Jian-Hong Tang

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a noninvasive, clinically approved technique used to treat various conditions, including bacterial infections, several skin diseases, and cancers. It typically undergoes the external-light-irradiation of a specific photosensitizer to generate reactive oxygen species. These species cause damage to surrounding tissue and lead to cell death. However, the limited penetration depth of external light through biological tissues significantly restricts the effectiveness of PDT for deep lesions and tissues. Chemiluminescence (CL) is an emission phenomenon triggered by a chemical reaction, rather than by light excitation as is the case with conventional fluorescence. The construction of CL-initiated PDT agents provides a potential external-light-irradiation-free approach for deep-tissue PDT. Significant advances have recently been achieved in the construction of CL-initiated nano- and molecular-PDT agents through either noncovalent or covalent combination of the CL unit with the photosensitizer. This review highlights recent advancements in CL-mediated PDT for bioimaging and tumor treatment, discussing the underlying mechanisms, structural design principles, and results from in vitro cellular and in vivo animal investigations. Moreover, the current challenges and future outlook for CL-mediated PDT in tumor theranostics are also discussed.

光动力疗法（PDT）是一种无创的、经临床批准的技术，用于治疗各种疾病，包括细菌感染、几种皮肤病和癌症。它通常经过特定光敏剂的外部光照射以产生活性氧。这些物种对周围组织造成损害并导致细胞死亡。然而，外部光通过生物组织的穿透深度有限，极大地限制了PDT对深部病变和组织的有效性。化学发光（CL）是一种由化学反应引起的发射现象，而不是像传统荧光那样由光激发引起的。cl引发的PDT试剂的构建为深部组织PDT提供了一种潜在的无外光照射的方法。近年来，通过CL单元与光敏剂的非共价或共价组合，在构建CL引发的纳米和分子pdt试剂方面取得了重大进展。本文综述了cl介导的PDT用于生物成像和肿瘤治疗的最新进展，讨论了潜在的机制、结构设计原则以及体外细胞和体内动物研究的结果。此外，还讨论了cl介导的PDT在肿瘤治疗中的当前挑战和未来前景。

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引用次数: 0

Low-side-effect phototherapy using aggregation-induced emission agents with “turn-on” and “turn-off” strategies 低副作用光疗使用聚集诱导发射剂与“打开”和“关闭”策略

IF 13.1 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews

Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2025.100723

Qiang Wang , Yifei Yang , Yajun Lin , Haijian Zhong , Fang Hu

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a leading approach in modern oncology due to its ability to selectively eliminate cancer cells. The hydrophilic nature of traditional photosensitizers (PSs) often leads to aggregation in the biological environment reducing treatment efficiency. The PSs with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics ensure PSs retain or even enhance their efficacy in aggregated states. However, the non-specific accumulation of AIE PSs in healthy cells, especially in those near tumors, as well as the residual presence of AIE PSs after PDT treatment, presents notable challenges to the safety of PDT. To enhance the safety of PDT impacted by these two factors, researchers have developed activatable turn-on AIE PSs by cancer-specific biomarkers, as well as degradable turn-off AIE PSs. This review summarizes the recent advancements in cancer biomarkers-activated turn-on AIE PSs and degradable turn-off AIE PSs. The strategies of turn-on AIE PSs are mainly based on the mechanisms of photoinduced electron transfer (PET), Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), intersystem crossing, and enhancing the accessibility of oxygen that controls their activation. The strategies of turn-off AIE PSs are based on self-degradation and endogenous ROS degradation, respectively.

光动力疗法（PDT）由于其选择性消除癌细胞的能力，在现代肿瘤学中是一种领先的方法。传统光敏剂的亲水性往往导致其在生物环境中聚集，降低了处理效率。具有聚集诱导发射（AIE）特性的ps可以保证ps在聚集状态下保持甚至增强其效能。然而，AIE PSs在健康细胞中的非特异性积累，特别是在肿瘤附近的细胞中，以及PDT治疗后AIE PSs的残留，对PDT的安全性提出了显著的挑战。为了提高受这两种因素影响的PDT的安全性，研究人员通过癌症特异性生物标志物开发了可激活的AIE PSs，以及可降解的AIE PSs。本文综述了近年来癌症生物标志物激活型AIE PSs和可降解型AIE PSs的研究进展。打开AIE ps的策略主要基于光诱导电子转移（PET）、Förster共振能量转移（FRET）、系统间交叉以及增强氧的可及性来控制其激活。关闭AIE PSs的策略分别基于自降解和内源性ROS降解。

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引用次数: 0

Engineering ZnS quantum dots for photocatalysis: Synthesis, modifications, and multifunctional applications 用于光催化的工程ZnS量子点：合成、修饰和多功能应用

IF 13.1 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews

Pub Date : 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2025.100722

Jingjing Zhang , Kezhen Qi , Rosaiah Pitcheri , Chongxiong Duan

Photocatalysis is an advanced technology that efficiently converts solar energy into chemical energy, attracting widespread attention in environmental remediation, energy development, and biomedical applications. ZnS quantum dots (ZnS QDs), as a representative wide-bandgap semiconductor, exhibit unique quantum confinement effects, tunable optoelectronic properties, and a high specific surface area, making them a promising metal sulfide photocatalyst. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in ZnS QD-based photocatalytic systems, with a focus on material design strategies and multifunctional applications. First, the fundamental mechanisms of ZnS QDs in photocatalysis are introduced, followed by a discussion on their synthesis methods. Several strategies for enhancing the photocatalytic activity of ZnS QDs, including surface modification, elemental doping, heterojunction formation, and coupling with carbon or organic materials, are discussed in detail. Furthermore, we comprehensively review the applications of ZnS QDs in the photocatalytic degradation of pollutants, water splitting for H₂ production, CO₂ reduction, N₂ fixation, antimicrobial activity, and organic synthesis, highlighting their breakthroughs in biomedical field, such as near-infrared-activated antimicrobial systems and tumor-specific photodynamic/photothermal therapy. Finally, by analyzing the current challenges of ZnS QDs in photocatalysis, we propose three future research directions to promote their practical applications in sustainable energy, environmental restoration, and precision medicine.

光催化是一种将太阳能高效转化为化学能的先进技术，在环境修复、能源开发和生物医学应用等方面受到广泛关注。ZnS量子点（ZnS QDs）作为宽带隙半导体的代表，具有独特的量子约束效应、可调谐的光电性能和高比表面积，是一种很有前途的金属硫化物光催化剂。本文系统地综述了基于ZnS量子点的光催化体系的最新进展，重点介绍了材料设计策略和多功能应用。首先介绍了ZnS量子点在光催化中的基本机理，然后讨论了它们的合成方法。详细讨论了提高ZnS量子点光催化活性的几种策略，包括表面改性、元素掺杂、异质结的形成以及与碳或有机材料的偶联。此外，我们全面综述了ZnS量子点在光催化降解污染物、水裂解制氢、CO2还原、N2固定、抗菌活性和有机合成等方面的应用，重点介绍了其在近红外激活抗菌系统和肿瘤特异性光动力/光热治疗等生物医学领域的突破。最后，通过分析目前ZnS量子点在光催化方面面临的挑战，提出了未来的三个研究方向，以促进其在可持续能源、环境修复和精准医疗方面的实际应用。

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引用次数: 0

Advances of COFs for photocatalytic application: Water splitting, CO2 reduction, H2O2 production, and organic transformation COFs在光催化中的应用进展：水分解、CO2还原、H2O2生成和有机转化

IF 12.8 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews

Pub Date : 2025-07-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2025.100712

Xiaoli Fan, Zhonghua Li

The clean conversion of solar energy presents a potential approach to addressing the current energy and environmental predicament. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as effective and stable photocatalytic materials possess high crystallinity and porosity, structural and functional adjustability, and pre-designed properties, which are widely employed in the photocatalytic water-splitting resolution to mitigate energy shortage, in the carbon dioxide reduction to combat the greenhouse effect, in the photosynthesis of H₂O₂ to achieve green chemical production, as well as in the photocatalytic organic conversion to obtain the required organic products. This work systematically summarizes strategies for improving photocatalytic performances and presents a comprehensive review of the recent advancements of COF-based materials in photocatalysis. Furthermore, we provide a brief outlook on unresolved issues in this field, aiming to contribute to a comprehensive comprehension about the advantages and disadvantages of COFs as photocatalysts and inspire scientists to address the challenges that stand in the way of further progress in this field.

太阳能的清洁转换为解决当前的能源和环境困境提供了一个潜在的途径。共价有机框架（COFs）作为一种高效稳定的光催化材料，具有高结晶度和孔隙度、结构和功能可调节性以及预先设计的性能，广泛应用于光催化分解水以缓解能源短缺、减少二氧化碳以对抗温室效应、H2O2光合作用实现绿色化工生产等领域。以及在光催化有机转化中获得所需的有机产物。本文系统地总结了提高光催化性能的策略，并对cof基材料在光催化方面的最新进展进行了全面的综述。此外，我们对该领域尚未解决的问题进行了简要的展望，旨在对COFs作为光催化剂的优缺点有一个全面的了解，并激励科学家们解决阻碍该领域进一步发展的挑战。

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引用次数: 0

Carbon nitride in dark photocatalysis: Construction, reaction mechanism, and environmental application 氮化碳暗光催化：结构、反应机理及环境应用

IF 12.8 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews

Pub Date : 2025-06-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2025.100711

Yaocheng Deng , Wanjing Li , Ling Li , Zhanpeng Zhou , Yu Shi , Rongdi Tang , Ying Huang

Dark photocatalysis can effectively overcome the dependence of traditional photocatalysis on continuous light by decoupling the light absorption and catalytic reaction process. By storing photogenerated charge carriers produced by light, this technology can continuously drive catalytic reactions under dark conditions, thus improving the efficiency of solar energy utilization. Research on dark photocatalysis is still in its initial stage, with current work mainly focusing on metal-based material systems. Due to its unique electronic structure and other advantages, carbon nitride (CN_X) offers new possibilities for the development of non-metallic dark photocatalysts. This paper reviews research progress of CN_X-based materials in the field of dark photocatalysts, focusing on methods for endowing them with dark photocatalytic ability through the construction of heterojunctions (such as composites with energy storage materials or long afterglow materials), and through molecular modification (introduction of functional groups, construction of conjugated structures and defect engineering). This paper also reviews the applications of CN_X-based dark photocatalysts in hydrogen production, hydrogen peroxide synthesis, and pollutant degradation. Finally, by analyzing the main challenges and opportunities of CN_X in the process of dark photocatalysis, this review presents strategies for developing more efficient CN_X-based dark photocatalysts and solving energy and environmental problems in the future.

暗光催化通过将光吸收与催化反应过程解耦，有效克服了传统光催化对连续光的依赖。该技术通过存储光产生的光生载流子，可以在黑暗条件下连续驱动催化反应，从而提高太阳能利用效率。暗光催化的研究还处于起步阶段，目前的工作主要集中在金属基材料体系。由于其独特的电子结构和其他优点，氮化碳（CNX）为非金属暗光催化剂的发展提供了新的可能性。本文综述了cnx基材料在暗光催化剂领域的研究进展，重点介绍了通过异质结的构建（如与储能材料或长余辉材料的复合材料）和分子修饰（引入官能团、构建共轭结构和缺陷工程）赋予其暗光催化能力的方法。综述了cnx基暗光催化剂在制氢、过氧化氢合成和污染物降解等方面的应用。最后，通过分析CNX在暗光催化过程中的主要挑战和机遇，提出了未来开发更高效的CNX暗光催化剂以及解决能源和环境问题的策略。

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引用次数: 0

Near infrared light-assisted photoelectrochemical conversion and environmental remediation 近红外光辅助光电化学转化与环境修复

IF 12.8 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews

Pub Date : 2025-06-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2025.100710

Mohit Kumar , Phyu Phyu Cho , Rajesh Kumar Sethi , Vasudevanpillai Biju , Challapalli Subrahmanyam

Solar energy conversion to chemical energy is a practical approach to sustainable development. Despite continuous advancements in energy technologies, conversion efficiencies remain shallow and below desired levels. Most research efforts are concentrated on absorbing the UV-Vis portion of solar radiation, with relatively little attention given to the infrared segment, even though it constitutes a substantial portion of solar radiation, accounting for ∼50 %. The photon energy in the NIR (Near-Infrared) range is insufficient. It does not correspond adequately to the semiconductor bandgap energy levels required to stimulate the generation of electrons and holes. However, novel nanomaterials are being scrutinized to absorb NIR light and generate photoexcited electrons/holes, which can be utilized to transform effectively through novel electron transfer pathways. Engineering surface and bulk properties of these NIR absorbing nanomaterials and harnessing NIR radiations have shown promising results in ameliorating the light conversion, yield, and faradaic efficiencies. This review article highlights the methodology, in-depth mechanistic models, current progress, and potential of NIR light in assisting organic dye degradation (waste water treatment), H₂ production, CO₂ reductions, N₂ reduction through photocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic pathways.

太阳能转化为化学能是实现可持续发展的切实可行的途径。尽管能源技术不断进步，但转换效率仍然很低，低于预期水平。大多数研究工作集中在吸收太阳辐射的UV-Vis部分，相对较少关注红外部分，尽管它构成了太阳辐射的很大一部分，占~ 50% %。近红外（NIR）波段的光子能量不足。它与激发电子和空穴产生所需的半导体带隙能级不完全对应。然而，新的纳米材料正在研究吸收近红外光并产生光激发电子/空穴，这些电子/空穴可以通过新的电子转移途径有效地转化。这些近红外吸收纳米材料的工程表面和体特性以及利用近红外辐射在改善光转换，产率和法拉第效率方面显示出有希望的结果。本文综述了近红外光通过光催化和光电催化途径辅助有机染料降解（废水处理）、H2生成、CO2还原、N2还原等方面的研究方法、深入的机理模型、目前的进展和潜力。

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引用次数: 0