Pub Date : 2025-05-31DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2025.100701
Fitri Rizki Amalia , Bunsho Ohtani , Ewa Kowalska
Even though dyes have often been used as a model pollutant in photocatalytic degradation tests, their utilization as a substrate might cause unreliable results. Under visible-light (vis) irradiation, dye absorbs light and might sensitize wide-bandgap photocatalyst, which usually is only active under UV. Consequently, dye-decoloration analysis should not be used in the evaluation of photocatalytic activity under vis. To obtain reliable data, colorless compounds are commonly considered as much better substrates for photocatalytic activity testing since they do not absorb vis. However, more expensive analytic methods (e.g., gas and liquid chromatography) than simple UV/vis spectrophotometry (or even spectrometry) must be used for estimation of their concentration. Moreover, colorless compounds might also interact with UV-active photocatalyst, e.g., via molecule to band charge transfer (MBCT), causing photoinduced activity under vis irradiation. Accordingly, this review presents possible prospective methods for reliable but also inexpensive testing of photocatalytic activity under vis irradiation.
{"title":"Spectrophotometric analysis: Challenge for a reliable evaluation of photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation","authors":"Fitri Rizki Amalia , Bunsho Ohtani , Ewa Kowalska","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2025.100701","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2025.100701","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Even though dyes have often been used as a model pollutant in photocatalytic degradation tests, their utilization as a substrate might cause unreliable results. Under visible-light (vis) irradiation, dye absorbs light and might sensitize wide-bandgap photocatalyst, which usually is only active under UV. Consequently, dye-decoloration analysis should not be used in the evaluation of photocatalytic activity under vis. To obtain reliable data, colorless compounds are commonly considered as much better substrates for photocatalytic activity testing since they do not absorb vis. However, more expensive analytic methods (e.g., gas and liquid chromatography) than simple UV/vis spectrophotometry (or even spectrometry) must be used for estimation of their concentration. Moreover, colorless compounds might also interact with UV-active photocatalyst, e.g., via molecule to band charge transfer (MBCT), causing photoinduced activity under vis irradiation. Accordingly, this review presents possible prospective methods for reliable but also inexpensive testing of photocatalytic activity under vis irradiation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":376,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 100701"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144322406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-22DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2025.100700
Ehsan Ullah Mughal , Nafeesa Naeem , Syeda Fariha Kainat , Abdulaziz M. Almohyawi , Jihan Qurban , Amina Sadiq , Ahmad Abd-El-Aziz , Ning Ma , Alaa S. Abd-El-Aziz , A. Timoumi , Ziad Moussa , Sameer S.A. Natto , Saleh A. Ahmed
Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF) has emerged as a pivotal innovation in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), offering a pathway to high-efficiency electroluminescent devices by harnessing triplet excitons for light emission. Unlike conventional fluorescence, TADF materials exploit a unique reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) mechanism, enabling the upconversion of triplet excitons to singlet states, which ultimately enhances the emission efficiency without relying on expensive heavy metals. Recent advancements in TADF emitters are highlighted, encompassing small molecules, polymers, and hybrid systems, with an emphasis on their integration into state-of-the-art OLED architectures. In this manuscript, a comprehensive overview of the applications of TADF molecules in OLEDs is presented, covering developments in this field from 2019 to 2025. Finally, future directions in TADF research and its potential for next-generation displays, lighting solutions, and energy-efficient devices are considered. This review aims to provide a consolidated perspective on TADF materials, bridging molecular insights with practical applications in high-performance OLEDs.
{"title":"Advances in the design of thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials for high-efficiency OLEDs","authors":"Ehsan Ullah Mughal , Nafeesa Naeem , Syeda Fariha Kainat , Abdulaziz M. Almohyawi , Jihan Qurban , Amina Sadiq , Ahmad Abd-El-Aziz , Ning Ma , Alaa S. Abd-El-Aziz , A. Timoumi , Ziad Moussa , Sameer S.A. Natto , Saleh A. Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2025.100700","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2025.100700","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF) has emerged as a pivotal innovation in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), offering a pathway to high-efficiency electroluminescent devices by harnessing triplet excitons for light emission. Unlike conventional fluorescence, TADF materials exploit a unique reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) mechanism, enabling the upconversion of triplet excitons to singlet states, which ultimately enhances the emission efficiency without relying on expensive heavy metals. Recent advancements in TADF emitters are highlighted, encompassing small molecules, polymers, and hybrid systems, with an emphasis on their integration into state-of-the-art OLED architectures. In this manuscript, a comprehensive overview of the applications of TADF molecules in OLEDs is presented, covering developments in this field from 2019 to 2025. Finally, future directions in TADF research and its potential for next-generation displays, lighting solutions, and energy-efficient devices are considered. This review aims to provide a consolidated perspective on TADF materials, bridging molecular insights with practical applications in high-performance OLEDs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":376,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 100700"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144170685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-06DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2025.100699
Chetan C. Revadekar , Aditya A. Patil , Jong-Man Kim , Bum Jun Park
Microfluidic platforms have revolutionized both the synthesis and application of polydiacetylene (PDA)-based materials by enabling precise control over their unique colorimetric and fluorescence properties. In the first part of this review, we highlight how microfluidic technologies facilitate the fabrication of PDA materials with improved uniformity, sensitivity, and reproducibility. In the second part, we examine the diverse sensing applications of PDA-integrated microfluidic systems. The intrinsic responsiveness of PDAs to various external stimuli enables their use in chemical, mechanical, temperature, and pH sensing. These integrated systems facilitate dynamic, real-time detection with enhanced analytical precision, reduced reagent consumption, and scalable formats suitable for diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and chemical analysis. Together, these developments highlight the transformative potential of combining PDA materials with microfluidic technologies.
{"title":"Microfluidic fabrication of polydiacetylene materials and their applications in colorimetric and fluorometric sensing","authors":"Chetan C. Revadekar , Aditya A. Patil , Jong-Man Kim , Bum Jun Park","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2025.100699","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2025.100699","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microfluidic platforms have revolutionized both the synthesis and application of polydiacetylene (PDA)-based materials by enabling precise control over their unique colorimetric and fluorescence properties. In the first part of this review, we highlight how microfluidic technologies facilitate the fabrication of PDA materials with improved uniformity, sensitivity, and reproducibility. In the second part, we examine the diverse sensing applications of PDA-integrated microfluidic systems. The intrinsic responsiveness of PDAs to various external stimuli enables their use in chemical, mechanical, temperature, and pH sensing. These integrated systems facilitate dynamic, real-time detection with enhanced analytical precision, reduced reagent consumption, and scalable formats suitable for diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and chemical analysis. Together, these developments highlight the transformative potential of combining PDA materials with microfluidic technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":376,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 100699"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143927484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The exploration of pure organic violet emitters (λem < 420 nm) has garnered significant attention within the scientific community due to their widespread applications in various research domains, including organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), biomedical applications, and photolithography, etc. Despite the availability of several near-ultraviolet (NUV) sources, organic emitters have stood out due to their cost-effectiveness, flexibility, and extensive potential for functional tunability. However, the development of highly efficient NUV emitters for OLEDs faces substantial challenges and lags behind their red, green and blue counterparts, primarily due to stringent molecular requirements. Over the past decade, substantial efforts have been dedicated to devising new molecular designs aimed at striking a balance between conjugation length, donor-acceptor interactions, photoluminescence quantum yield, charge transporting properties, and color purity of violet emitters. However, a limited number of reviews were reported on different design strategies for producing violet (< 420 nm) emitters to date. Addressing this gap, this review provides an overview of recent design advances in constructing violet emitters. It delves into their structure-function relationship focusing on photophysical properties and OLED performance. Further, the current status and future prospectus of violet organic emitters are presented.
{"title":"Recent advances in the molecular designs of near ultraviolet emitters for efficient organic light emitting diodes","authors":"P. Keerthika , Ankit Kumar , Arthanareeswari Maruthapillai , Venkatramaiah Nutalapati , Rajendra Kumar Konidena","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2025.100698","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2025.100698","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The exploration of pure organic violet emitters (<em>λ</em><sub>em</sub> < 420 nm) has garnered significant attention within the scientific community due to their widespread applications in various research domains, including organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), biomedical applications, and photolithography, etc. Despite the availability of several near-ultraviolet (NUV) sources, organic emitters have stood out due to their cost-effectiveness, flexibility, and extensive potential for functional tunability. However, the development of highly efficient NUV emitters for OLEDs faces substantial challenges and lags behind their red, green and blue counterparts, primarily due to stringent molecular requirements. Over the past decade, substantial efforts have been dedicated to devising new molecular designs aimed at striking a balance between conjugation length, donor-acceptor interactions, photoluminescence quantum yield, charge transporting properties, and color purity of violet emitters. However, a limited number of reviews were reported on different design strategies for producing violet (< 420 nm) emitters to date. Addressing this gap, this review provides an overview of recent design advances in constructing violet emitters. It delves into their structure-function relationship focusing on photophysical properties and OLED performance. Further, the current status and future prospectus of violet organic emitters are presented.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":376,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 100698"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-04DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2025.100690
Yutaka Ie , Hiroko Yamada
Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) are at the forefront of renewable energy innovation due to their lightweight, flexible, and scalable properties. This review explores recent advancements in OPV researches, focusing on the intricate interplay of electronic and nuclear interactions that govern exciton behavior, charge separation, and transport mechanisms. By integrating theoretical insights with experimental findings, this review emphasizes the critical role of non-fullerene acceptors and advanced material design strategies in optimizing structure-property-function relationships. The application of machine learning is also highlighted as a transformative tool for correlating experimental data with device performance, enabling predictive frameworks for OPV development. Key breakthroughs in understanding charge carrier dynamics, interfacial interactions, and mobility relaxation provide a pathway for next-generation OPVs with enhanced power conversion efficiencies. These insights not only advance OPV technology but also hold promise for broader applications in organic optoelectronics.
{"title":"Recent research trends toward high-efficiency OPVs","authors":"Yutaka Ie , Hiroko Yamada","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2025.100690","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2025.100690","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) are at the forefront of renewable energy innovation due to their lightweight, flexible, and scalable properties. This review explores recent advancements in OPV researches, focusing on the intricate interplay of electronic and nuclear interactions that govern exciton behavior, charge separation, and transport mechanisms. By integrating theoretical insights with experimental findings, this review emphasizes the critical role of non-fullerene acceptors and advanced material design strategies in optimizing structure-property-function relationships. The application of machine learning is also highlighted as a transformative tool for correlating experimental data with device performance, enabling predictive frameworks for OPV development. Key breakthroughs in understanding charge carrier dynamics, interfacial interactions, and mobility relaxation provide a pathway for next-generation OPVs with enhanced power conversion efficiencies. These insights not only advance OPV technology but also hold promise for broader applications in organic optoelectronics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":376,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 100690"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143609939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-25DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2025.100689
Zhaoyi Mo, Zhongquan Zhao, Hong Miao
Antibiotic contamination in wastewater has become a concern increasingly due to its potential impact on human health and ecosystems. Conventional wastewater treatment methods often fail to remove antibiotics adequately, primarily due to the high chemical stability of these organic compounds and the complexity of wastewater environments. This review summarizes recent progress in the use of organic semiconductor photocatalysts for the degradation of antibiotics in wastewater. We provide a critical analysis of various organic semiconductor materials and their photocatalytic performances, emphasizing their efficiencies under different conditions and the mechanisms of antibiotic degradation. The findings suggest that these organic semiconductor materials have the potential to achieve high degradation rates, low energy consumption, and efficient removal of antibiotic pollutants in aquatic environments. This review emphasizes the importance of developing advanced photocatalytic methods as sustainable solutions for antibiotic contamination and underscores the role of organic supramolecular photocatalysts in improving wastewater treatment processes. Finally, we outline the future development trends and prospects of organic semiconductor photocatalytic materials for removing pollutants from livestock wastewater.
{"title":"Organic photocatalysts for wastewater decontamination","authors":"Zhaoyi Mo, Zhongquan Zhao, Hong Miao","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2025.100689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2025.100689","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antibiotic contamination in wastewater has become a concern increasingly due to its potential impact on human health and ecosystems. Conventional wastewater treatment methods often fail to remove antibiotics adequately, primarily due to the high chemical stability of these organic compounds and the complexity of wastewater environments. This review summarizes recent progress in the use of organic semiconductor photocatalysts for the degradation of antibiotics in wastewater. We provide a critical analysis of various organic semiconductor materials and their photocatalytic performances, emphasizing their efficiencies under different conditions and the mechanisms of antibiotic degradation. The findings suggest that these organic semiconductor materials have the potential to achieve high degradation rates, low energy consumption, and efficient removal of antibiotic pollutants in aquatic environments. This review emphasizes the importance of developing advanced photocatalytic methods as sustainable solutions for antibiotic contamination and underscores the role of organic supramolecular photocatalysts in improving wastewater treatment processes. Finally, we outline the future development trends and prospects of organic semiconductor photocatalytic materials for removing pollutants from livestock wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":376,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 100689"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143160195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-28DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2024.100681
Karolina Syrek , Ewa Wierzbicka , Marta Zych , Daniel Piecha , Mateusz Szczerba , Monika Sołtys-Mróz , Joanna Kapusta-Kołodziej , Grzegorz D. Sulka
A band gap energy, a fundamental property of semiconductors, governs both their electrical and optical behaviors. When aiming to utilize semiconductors with tailored physical properties for specific applications, such as optoelectronic or photovoltaic devices, or as photoelectrodes in photoelectrochemical cells, there is often a need to adjust the energy band gap of the semiconductor. In this review, we have provided a comprehensive overview of various techniques employed for band gap determination. Noteworthy methods include UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS) using the Tauc method, photoelectrochemical spectroscopy with external quantum efficiency measurements, spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and photoacoustic (PA) spectroscopy. This article also offers an overview of extensive investigations undertaken to develop and characterize WO3-based nanomaterials with enhanced photoactive properties. Our exploration specifically delved into WO3 nanomaterials doped with various elements, encompassing alkali metals, nonmetals, transition metals, noble metals, and lanthanides. The scrutiny involved a meticulous analysis of these nanomaterials, considering their morphology and properties, while taking into account the intricacies of the applied synthesis methods. Additionally, our focus extended to the determination of band gap values and the exploration of practical applications of these WO3-based nanomaterials, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of how these materials can be employed in diverse technological domains, from photovoltaics to catalysis and beyond. The multifaceted nature of WO3-based nanomaterials positions them as promising candidates for advanced applications, and our exploration seeks to contribute valuable insights into their potential functionalities and performance across various fields.
{"title":"Band gap engineering of tungsten oxide-based nanomaterials","authors":"Karolina Syrek , Ewa Wierzbicka , Marta Zych , Daniel Piecha , Mateusz Szczerba , Monika Sołtys-Mróz , Joanna Kapusta-Kołodziej , Grzegorz D. Sulka","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2024.100681","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2024.100681","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A band gap energy, a fundamental property of semiconductors, governs both their electrical and optical behaviors. When aiming to utilize semiconductors with tailored physical properties for specific applications, such as optoelectronic or photovoltaic devices, or as photoelectrodes in photoelectrochemical cells, there is often a need to adjust the energy band gap of the semiconductor. In this review, we have provided a comprehensive overview of various techniques employed for band gap determination. Noteworthy methods include UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS) using the Tauc method, photoelectrochemical spectroscopy with external quantum efficiency measurements, spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and photoacoustic (PA) spectroscopy. This article also offers an overview of extensive investigations undertaken to develop and characterize WO<sub>3</sub>-based nanomaterials with enhanced photoactive properties. Our exploration specifically delved into WO<sub>3</sub> nanomaterials doped with various elements, encompassing alkali metals, nonmetals, transition metals, noble metals, and lanthanides. The scrutiny involved a meticulous analysis of these nanomaterials, considering their morphology and properties, while taking into account the intricacies of the applied synthesis methods. Additionally, our focus extended to the determination of band gap values and the exploration of practical applications of these WO<sub>3</sub>-based nanomaterials, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of how these materials can be employed in diverse technological domains, from photovoltaics to catalysis and beyond. The multifaceted nature of WO<sub>3</sub>-based nanomaterials positions them as promising candidates for advanced applications, and our exploration seeks to contribute valuable insights into their potential functionalities and performance across various fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":376,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 100681"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143160194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2024.100678
Bakr Ahmed Taha , Ali J. Addie , Ehsan M. Abbas , Bashar Hamad Aubaidan , Naser M. Ahmed , Adawiya J. Haider , Vishal Chaudhary , Norhana Arsad
Biophotonics-based nanorobotics is an important development in biomedical engineering. It combines light-based technology with tiny robotic devices to improve the treatment and diagnosis of diseases. This review explains the basic ideas of biophotonics and nanorobotics. It shows how important they are for delivering drugs directly to where they are needed, for treating cancer and for enabling tissue repair through better imaging techniques. In addition, light-driven nanorobots are increasingly being used in imaging and medical procedures. We also discuss the categorization of nanorobots based on their nanomaterials, functional mechanisms and potential biomedical programs. In addition, we address critical situations in biophotonic nanorobotics, such as biocompatibility, persistent motion within the frame, and self-sufficient navigation structures. Emerging answers that incorporate synthetic intelligence and the development of device-based knowledge can improve the performance and accuracy of nanorobots. Finally, we are looking at the potential of bioluminescence-assisted nanorobotics, manufacturing methods and recognition strategies for the future. We are also exploring the integration of innovative nanomaterials, enzymes and artificial intelligence (AI) for control and hybrid actuation, which promise minimally invasive nanoscale therapies for complex diseases in real time. These innovations put biophotonic nanorobotics at the forefront of biomedical research. They offer transformative solutions to unmet clinical needs and significantly advance our understanding of biological systems.
{"title":"Biophotonics and nanorobotics for biomedical imaging, biosensing, drug delivery, and therapy","authors":"Bakr Ahmed Taha , Ali J. Addie , Ehsan M. Abbas , Bashar Hamad Aubaidan , Naser M. Ahmed , Adawiya J. Haider , Vishal Chaudhary , Norhana Arsad","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2024.100678","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2024.100678","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biophotonics-based nanorobotics is an important development in biomedical engineering. It combines light-based technology with tiny robotic devices to improve the treatment and diagnosis of diseases. This review explains the basic ideas of biophotonics and nanorobotics. It shows how important they are for delivering drugs directly to where they are needed, for treating cancer and for enabling tissue repair through better imaging techniques. In addition, light-driven nanorobots are increasingly being used in imaging and medical procedures. We also discuss the categorization of nanorobots based on their nanomaterials, functional mechanisms and potential biomedical programs. In addition, we address critical situations in biophotonic nanorobotics, such as biocompatibility, persistent motion within the frame, and self-sufficient navigation structures. Emerging answers that incorporate synthetic intelligence and the development of device-based knowledge can improve the performance and accuracy of nanorobots. Finally, we are looking at the potential of bioluminescence-assisted nanorobotics, manufacturing methods and recognition strategies for the future. We are also exploring the integration of innovative nanomaterials, enzymes and artificial intelligence (AI) for control and hybrid actuation, which promise minimally invasive nanoscale therapies for complex diseases in real time. These innovations put biophotonic nanorobotics at the forefront of biomedical research. They offer transformative solutions to unmet clinical needs and significantly advance our understanding of biological systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":376,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 100678"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-10DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2024.100679
Meiyan Lin , Wanyu Qi , Haibo Zhang , Yuxin Li
Photocatalysis, by harnessing solar light to drive essential chemical transformations, is recognized for its transformative potential in sustainable energy production and environmental remediation, addressing critical global challenges such as CO2 reduction, water splitting, ammonia synthesis, etc. The development of novel photocatalytic composite materials is crucial, not only enhancing reaction efficiencies but also enabling more effective utilization of solar energy, thus propelling the field towards practical and scalable solutions. Among these materials, composites such as boron (B)-doped titanium dioxide, B-doped graphene, and B-doped carbon nitride are distinguished by their exceptional performance in various photocatalytic reactions. These enhancements are primarily attributed to the unique electronic structure of B, its small size and electron deficiency facilitate improved carrier detached and diminished regrouping rates, thereby expanding the spectrum of light absorption. Despite considerable advancements, the specific role of B within photocatalytic systems remains ambiguously defined, with ongoing research yet to conclusively determine whether B functions primarily as a catalyst (a key) or merely as a supportive enhancer (an auxiliary). Addressing this gap, this review adopts a novel analytical perspective, investigating the electron-deficient nature of B to elucidate it’s in photocatalysis distinct advantages, potential regimes, and practical applications. The review further delineates the current dilemmas and articulates future directions within the photocatalysis. By aiming to systematically characterize B's role in photocatalytic processes, this comprehensive review offers essential scientific and practical insights, pivotal for the development of more efficacious, innovative photocatalysts. Enhancing our understanding of the underlying mechanisms in photocatalytic reactions, this work substantially contributes to the achievement of sustainable development goals and establishes a foundation in this critical area for future.
光催化利用太阳光驱动基本的化学转化，在可持续能源生产和环境修复方面具有巨大的变革潜力，可解决二氧化碳减排、水分离、氨合成等重大全球性挑战。新型光催化复合材料的开发至关重要，不仅能提高反应效率，还能更有效地利用太阳能，从而推动该领域向实用和可扩展的解决方案发展。在这些材料中，掺硼二氧化钛、掺硼石墨烯和掺硼氮化碳等复合材料因其在各种光催化反应中的优异性能而独树一帜。这些性能的提高主要归功于掺硼元素独特的电子结构，掺硼元素的小尺寸和电子缺陷有助于提高载流子脱离率和降低重组率，从而扩大光吸收光谱。尽管取得了长足的进步，但 B 在光催化系统中的具体作用仍不明确，目前的研究尚未最终确定 B 的功能是主要作为催化剂（关键）还是仅仅作为支持性增强剂（辅助）。针对这一空白，本综述采用了新颖的分析视角，通过研究 B 的缺电子特性来阐明它在光催化中的独特优势、潜在机制和实际应用。这篇综述进一步划分了光催化目前的困境，并阐明了未来的发展方向。通过系统地描述 B 在光催化过程中的作用，这篇全面的综述提供了重要的科学和实践见解，对于开发更有效、更创新的光催化剂至关重要。这项研究加深了我们对光催化反应内在机理的理解，为实现可持续发展目标做出了重大贡献，并为这一关键领域的未来发展奠定了基础。
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Pub Date : 2024-11-10DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2024.100680
Zahraa Abou Khalil , Raquel Del Angel , Georges Mouchaham , Christian Serre , Marco Daturi , Mohamad El-Roz
In light of the ever-growing global energy demand, photocatalytic water splitting has emerged as a promising avenue for sustainable and persistent energy sources. However, the quest for an optimal photocatalyst suitable for industrial-scale applications remains a strenuous challenge. The journey to identify the optimal photocatalyst for the water splitting reaction has been extensive and remains ongoing. While the search started with the use of inorganic semiconductors based on metal oxides, such as TiO2, many new and promising materials, such as Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), have started to attract the attention of the scientific community. However, in order to be able to improve the efficiency of any photocatalyst, it is important to first understand how the reaction is taking place, in other words, it results imperative to understand the reaction mechanism. The aim of the following review is to study and analyze different experimental techniques that can be used for the elucidation of the reaction mechanism covering both water splitting’s half reactions: hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and overall water splitting (OWS). This work starts with the fundamentals of photocatalytic OWS under solar irradiation, followed by the systematical evaluation of distinct MOF-based photocatalysts, classifying them based on the specific metal ion in their composition which facilitates standardized comparisons. The mechanistic investigation of photocatalysts is then detailed, employing various spectroscopic techniques. While a higher focus has been given to the analysis of the mechanistic study on MOFs, other important photocatalysts counterparts are also explored, as they have helped to cement the bases in which new materials can be studied. Furthermore, by comparing results obtained for conventional photocatalysts (e.g., metal oxide semiconductors) with those obtained for newer materials like MOFs, we attempt to show the great amount of information that can be extracted for the elucidation of reaction mechanisms. This systematic approach aims to help better investigate the mechanistic study and designing the next generation of photocatalysts for HER, OER, and OWS.
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