Pub Date : 2015-12-07DOI: 10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346291
S. Scherr, B. Gottel, S. Ayhan, Akanksha Bhutani, M. Pauli, W. Winkler, J. Scheytt, T. Zwick
In this paper, a miniaturized 122 GHz ISM band FMCW radar is used to achieve micrometer accuracy. The radar consists of a SiGe single chip radar sensor and LCP off-chip antennas. The antennas are integrated in a QFN package. To increase the gain of the radar, an additional lens is used. A combined frequency and phase evaluation algorithm provides micrometer accuracy. The influence of the lens phase center on the beat frequency phase and hence, the overall accuracy is shown. Furthermore, accuracy limitations of the radar system over larger measurement distances are investigated. Accuracies of 200 μm and 2 μm are achieved over a distance of 1.9 m and 5 mm, respectively.
{"title":"Miniaturized 122 GHz ISM band FMCW radar with micrometer accuracy","authors":"S. Scherr, B. Gottel, S. Ayhan, Akanksha Bhutani, M. Pauli, W. Winkler, J. Scheytt, T. Zwick","doi":"10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346291","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a miniaturized 122 GHz ISM band FMCW radar is used to achieve micrometer accuracy. The radar consists of a SiGe single chip radar sensor and LCP off-chip antennas. The antennas are integrated in a QFN package. To increase the gain of the radar, an additional lens is used. A combined frequency and phase evaluation algorithm provides micrometer accuracy. The influence of the lens phase center on the beat frequency phase and hence, the overall accuracy is shown. Furthermore, accuracy limitations of the radar system over larger measurement distances are investigated. Accuracies of 200 μm and 2 μm are achieved over a distance of 1.9 m and 5 mm, respectively.","PeriodicalId":376019,"journal":{"name":"2015 European Radar Conference (EuRAD)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115389669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-07DOI: 10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346230
B. Rekioua, M. Davy, L. Ferro-Famil
In this paper, we present experimental results of 3D characterization of snowpack layers using Ground Based SAR (GB-SAR) data. The data have been acquired using a GB-SAR system operating at X and Ku frequency bands. We process the acquired data using the Back Projection Algorithm (BPA). The results of this processing show strong backscattering contributions from interfaces between different layers of the snowpack. We notice also geometrical distortions due to the assumption of free space propagation medium during the processing. We introduce in this paper a correction process in order to recover the true thickness of snow layers and the corresponding refractive indexes. The obtained results are discussed according to the in situ measurement relating grain size, density and snow particle shapes description at different depths of the snowpack.
{"title":"Snowpack characterization using SAR tomography - experimental results of the AlpSAR campaign","authors":"B. Rekioua, M. Davy, L. Ferro-Famil","doi":"10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346230","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present experimental results of 3D characterization of snowpack layers using Ground Based SAR (GB-SAR) data. The data have been acquired using a GB-SAR system operating at X and Ku frequency bands. We process the acquired data using the Back Projection Algorithm (BPA). The results of this processing show strong backscattering contributions from interfaces between different layers of the snowpack. We notice also geometrical distortions due to the assumption of free space propagation medium during the processing. We introduce in this paper a correction process in order to recover the true thickness of snow layers and the corresponding refractive indexes. The obtained results are discussed according to the in situ measurement relating grain size, density and snow particle shapes description at different depths of the snowpack.","PeriodicalId":376019,"journal":{"name":"2015 European Radar Conference (EuRAD)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116877403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-07DOI: 10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346268
S. Harman
Staring radars have the potential to offer significant advantages in the detection of some hitherto difficult to detect targets. This paper sets out the advantages of staring radars, introduces the Alarm radar and presents new results from fundamental detection and tracking radar performance evaluations comparing staring radars with scanning radars.
{"title":"A comparison of staring radars with scanning radars for UAV detection: Introducing the Alarm™ staring radar","authors":"S. Harman","doi":"10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346268","url":null,"abstract":"Staring radars have the potential to offer significant advantages in the detection of some hitherto difficult to detect targets. This paper sets out the advantages of staring radars, introduces the Alarm radar and presents new results from fundamental detection and tracking radar performance evaluations comparing staring radars with scanning radars.","PeriodicalId":376019,"journal":{"name":"2015 European Radar Conference (EuRAD)","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122977978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-07DOI: 10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346298
N. Michishita, H. Morishita
The metamaterial design process provides significant change to the material selection of the general antenna design process. To apply metamaterials to small antennas, multi-layer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) has been investigated to compose a small size and a compact structure for each unit cell. In this paper, the open and closed metamaterial structures composed of MLCCs are designed by the eigenmode and driven modal simulations. These unit cells are employed to a slender and small magnetic current source and a low-profile and omnidirectional antenna. The proposed two types of the antennas can overcome a limitation of the conventional antenna size.
{"title":"Metamaterial structures composed of multi-layer ceramic capacitors for antenna applications","authors":"N. Michishita, H. Morishita","doi":"10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346298","url":null,"abstract":"The metamaterial design process provides significant change to the material selection of the general antenna design process. To apply metamaterials to small antennas, multi-layer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) has been investigated to compose a small size and a compact structure for each unit cell. In this paper, the open and closed metamaterial structures composed of MLCCs are designed by the eigenmode and driven modal simulations. These unit cells are employed to a slender and small magnetic current source and a low-profile and omnidirectional antenna. The proposed two types of the antennas can overcome a limitation of the conventional antenna size.","PeriodicalId":376019,"journal":{"name":"2015 European Radar Conference (EuRAD)","volume":"308 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131974742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-07DOI: 10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346285
N. del-Rey-Maestre, M. Jarabo-Amores, D. Mata-Moya, P. Gomez-del-Hoyo, J. Bárcena-Humanes
This paper tackles a statistical analysis of bistatic sea radar clutter data acquired by an experimental demonstrator developed by the University of Alcalá, based on DVB-T signals. The selected scenario is located at the Military Naval School of Marín, in the Spanish North-west coast. Goodness-off-it techniques are used to fit the empirical cumulative distribution function to theoretical models, and the one-lag correlation coefficient is estimated. Results prove that a Gaussian clutter model can be assumed for high Doppler shifts. However, the zero Doppler shift and values close to it present high variability, so a non-homogeneous clutter characterization is required. The acquisition radar matrix is correlated along the range dimension and uncorrelated along the Doppler one.
{"title":"Statistical analysis of UHF bistatic radar clutter in coastal scenarios","authors":"N. del-Rey-Maestre, M. Jarabo-Amores, D. Mata-Moya, P. Gomez-del-Hoyo, J. Bárcena-Humanes","doi":"10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346285","url":null,"abstract":"This paper tackles a statistical analysis of bistatic sea radar clutter data acquired by an experimental demonstrator developed by the University of Alcalá, based on DVB-T signals. The selected scenario is located at the Military Naval School of Marín, in the Spanish North-west coast. Goodness-off-it techniques are used to fit the empirical cumulative distribution function to theoretical models, and the one-lag correlation coefficient is estimated. Results prove that a Gaussian clutter model can be assumed for high Doppler shifts. However, the zero Doppler shift and values close to it present high variability, so a non-homogeneous clutter characterization is required. The acquisition radar matrix is correlated along the range dimension and uncorrelated along the Doppler one.","PeriodicalId":376019,"journal":{"name":"2015 European Radar Conference (EuRAD)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132329685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-07DOI: 10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346228
N. Ge, Xiaoxiang Zhu
In this paper, we report our findings on automating the sparse reconstruction process in tomography with synthetic aperture radar. Two hyperparameter-free approaches are introduced into the framework of SL1MMER (Scale-down by L1 norm Minimization, Model selection, and Estimation Reconstruction). By means of numerical simulations, we evaluate their performance regarding mean and standard deviation of elevation estimates, as well as detection rate. Preliminary results with real data are also provided.
{"title":"Sparse reconstruction automaton for synthetic aperture radar tomography","authors":"N. Ge, Xiaoxiang Zhu","doi":"10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346228","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we report our findings on automating the sparse reconstruction process in tomography with synthetic aperture radar. Two hyperparameter-free approaches are introduced into the framework of SL1MMER (Scale-down by L1 norm Minimization, Model selection, and Estimation Reconstruction). By means of numerical simulations, we evaluate their performance regarding mean and standard deviation of elevation estimates, as well as detection rate. Preliminary results with real data are also provided.","PeriodicalId":376019,"journal":{"name":"2015 European Radar Conference (EuRAD)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130157057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-07DOI: 10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346368
P. Hudec, F. Kozak, P. Pánek
Radars based on digital modulation of the transmitted continuous wave by pseudo-noise sequence belong to a wider xCW radar family. Simpler members of this family enable measurement of target speed, while more complex structures are capable of measuring also the target range. Although the FMCW radars are best known and widely used, for definite applications, the pseudo-noise CW (PNCW) radars can be beneficial. This concerns, for example, military applications, where this structure shows a high immunity against interferences and jamming, and enables relatively easy operation of more sensors in a close area. That is why the PNCW radars are good candidates for sensors employed in the active defense systems. These modern defense methods are especially developed for protection of military vehicles (MVs) and are based on detection of threat missiles, and their elimination by suitable active counter-measures. The presented sensor is formed by the microwave low-range PNCW radar and two couples of small antennas, fixed on the protected MV. In spite of its simplicity, the setup is capable of detecting threat missiles shot even from close vicinity of the MV, and evaluating the point of impact and time of impact of the missile with respect to the MV. The performed practical tests proved satisfactory functionality of the developed solution.
{"title":"Measurement of point-of-impact based on microwave PNCW radar and Kalman filtration","authors":"P. Hudec, F. Kozak, P. Pánek","doi":"10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346368","url":null,"abstract":"Radars based on digital modulation of the transmitted continuous wave by pseudo-noise sequence belong to a wider xCW radar family. Simpler members of this family enable measurement of target speed, while more complex structures are capable of measuring also the target range. Although the FMCW radars are best known and widely used, for definite applications, the pseudo-noise CW (PNCW) radars can be beneficial. This concerns, for example, military applications, where this structure shows a high immunity against interferences and jamming, and enables relatively easy operation of more sensors in a close area. That is why the PNCW radars are good candidates for sensors employed in the active defense systems. These modern defense methods are especially developed for protection of military vehicles (MVs) and are based on detection of threat missiles, and their elimination by suitable active counter-measures. The presented sensor is formed by the microwave low-range PNCW radar and two couples of small antennas, fixed on the protected MV. In spite of its simplicity, the setup is capable of detecting threat missiles shot even from close vicinity of the MV, and evaluating the point of impact and time of impact of the missile with respect to the MV. The performed practical tests proved satisfactory functionality of the developed solution.","PeriodicalId":376019,"journal":{"name":"2015 European Radar Conference (EuRAD)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134577217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-07DOI: 10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346363
D. Nugraha, André Roger, Romain Ygnace
This paper presents a comparative study of two setups of FMCW radar signal processing for automotive applications. In one setup, the signal processing is done on a traditional DSP architecture. In a new proposed setup, the FFT engine/accelerator is integrated. In addition to that, a unit for performing inline rejection of FFT bins is inserted into the processing datapath. It is shown that the proposed architecture can reduce the number of clock cycles required to perform the FMCW signal processing and it can also reduce the radar memory usage compared to the implementation on a DSP architecture.
{"title":"Integrated FFT accelerator and inline bin-rejection for automotive FMCW radar signal processing","authors":"D. Nugraha, André Roger, Romain Ygnace","doi":"10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346363","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a comparative study of two setups of FMCW radar signal processing for automotive applications. In one setup, the signal processing is done on a traditional DSP architecture. In a new proposed setup, the FFT engine/accelerator is integrated. In addition to that, a unit for performing inline rejection of FFT bins is inserted into the processing datapath. It is shown that the proposed architecture can reduce the number of clock cycles required to perform the FMCW signal processing and it can also reduce the radar memory usage compared to the implementation on a DSP architecture.","PeriodicalId":376019,"journal":{"name":"2015 European Radar Conference (EuRAD)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131713777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-07DOI: 10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346274
L. Qiu, T. Jin, B. Lu, Zhimin Zhou
In this paper, a micro-motion target detection approach behind an obstacle is presented using a stepped-frequency through-the-wall radar. First, the micro-motion target model is established, and the human movement includes periodical respiration and heart beating, as well as random body movement and sudden body shaking, which is close to the realistic human movement. Then the procedure of micro-motion targets detection is brought about. The micro-motion target location is unvarying during the survey time, so the accumulation of every range cell in slow time dimension is reasonable, which improves the SCNR remarkably. Finally, one dimensional CFAR is performed to detect micro-motion targets. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach can detect micro-motion targets in buildings and distinguish them from stationary targets correctly and effectively.
{"title":"Detection of micro-motion targets in buildings for through-the-wall radar","authors":"L. Qiu, T. Jin, B. Lu, Zhimin Zhou","doi":"10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346274","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a micro-motion target detection approach behind an obstacle is presented using a stepped-frequency through-the-wall radar. First, the micro-motion target model is established, and the human movement includes periodical respiration and heart beating, as well as random body movement and sudden body shaking, which is close to the realistic human movement. Then the procedure of micro-motion targets detection is brought about. The micro-motion target location is unvarying during the survey time, so the accumulation of every range cell in slow time dimension is reasonable, which improves the SCNR remarkably. Finally, one dimensional CFAR is performed to detect micro-motion targets. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach can detect micro-motion targets in buildings and distinguish them from stationary targets correctly and effectively.","PeriodicalId":376019,"journal":{"name":"2015 European Radar Conference (EuRAD)","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131155925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-07DOI: 10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346272
Bartosz Pikacz
This paper presents a new method for detection of a weak, near zero-Doppler signal against a clutter for a pulse-Doppler radar. The proposed detector exploits clutter traits i.e. limited span of an intensity and a phase shift. An estimation of distributions of these parameters allows distinguishing a clutter alone and a useful signal against the clutter. Performed simulations revealed that a significant improvement of the probability of detection is achieved for comparable signal and clutter intensities compared to conventional method of detection.
{"title":"Achieving subclutter visibility using estimation of clutter intensity and phase shift","authors":"Bartosz Pikacz","doi":"10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346272","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new method for detection of a weak, near zero-Doppler signal against a clutter for a pulse-Doppler radar. The proposed detector exploits clutter traits i.e. limited span of an intensity and a phase shift. An estimation of distributions of these parameters allows distinguishing a clutter alone and a useful signal against the clutter. Performed simulations revealed that a significant improvement of the probability of detection is achieved for comparable signal and clutter intensities compared to conventional method of detection.","PeriodicalId":376019,"journal":{"name":"2015 European Radar Conference (EuRAD)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127631748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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