Pub Date : 2015-12-07DOI: 10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346273
S. Pennock, C. Jenks
The Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulation/demodulation scheme is finding interest as a radar modulation scheme. While advantages are seen in the fidelity of the waveforms generated, and the ability to adapt the modulation quite rapidly, OFDM schemes have been noted in the past to suffer in the presence of non-linearities in the electronic system. Here the spectral avoidance scheme is investigated in order to reduce the influence of non-linearities in OFDM radar. Measurements on an experimental OFDM Radar show that the spectral avoidance scheme can indeed reduce the influence of non-linearities. The scheme does not compromise the ability of OFDM to provide waveform fidelity and adaptability.
{"title":"Investigation into distortion control in OFDM radar by spectral avoidance","authors":"S. Pennock, C. Jenks","doi":"10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346273","url":null,"abstract":"The Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulation/demodulation scheme is finding interest as a radar modulation scheme. While advantages are seen in the fidelity of the waveforms generated, and the ability to adapt the modulation quite rapidly, OFDM schemes have been noted in the past to suffer in the presence of non-linearities in the electronic system. Here the spectral avoidance scheme is investigated in order to reduce the influence of non-linearities in OFDM radar. Measurements on an experimental OFDM Radar show that the spectral avoidance scheme can indeed reduce the influence of non-linearities. The scheme does not compromise the ability of OFDM to provide waveform fidelity and adaptability.","PeriodicalId":376019,"journal":{"name":"2015 European Radar Conference (EuRAD)","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132236172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-07DOI: 10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346294
M. Migliore, B. Fuchs, L. Le Coq, L. Ferro-Famil
A compressed sensing based approach is proposed in order to diagnose reflectarrays from far field measurements. The technique requires the preliminary measurement of the failure-free reflectarray. With this a priori knowledge, only the faulty elements have to be retrieved which leads to a significant reduction of required measurement data compared to conventional approaches. The proposed approach is applied to post-process measured reflectarray far field data and the diagnostic results are compared to those obtained by the standard back-propagation technique and an inversion matrix method.
{"title":"Compressed sensing approach for reflectarray diagnostic from far field measurements","authors":"M. Migliore, B. Fuchs, L. Le Coq, L. Ferro-Famil","doi":"10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346294","url":null,"abstract":"A compressed sensing based approach is proposed in order to diagnose reflectarrays from far field measurements. The technique requires the preliminary measurement of the failure-free reflectarray. With this a priori knowledge, only the faulty elements have to be retrieved which leads to a significant reduction of required measurement data compared to conventional approaches. The proposed approach is applied to post-process measured reflectarray far field data and the diagnostic results are compared to those obtained by the standard back-propagation technique and an inversion matrix method.","PeriodicalId":376019,"journal":{"name":"2015 European Radar Conference (EuRAD)","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123325644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-07DOI: 10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346292
M. Sierra-Castañer, J. García-Gasco Trujillo, Pilar Gonzalez-Blanco, M. J. López Morales, F. Saccardi, L. Foged
Different research groups have been working during the last years in different echo reduction techniques applied to antenna measurements, based on spatial, modal or time filtering. Some applications where these methods are usually employed are: outdoor systems, for HF or VHF frequency systems or for small measurement systems where the anechoic material is only placed in front of the AUT. This paper analyzes the measurements of a dipole antenna (SD1900) using a StarLab system and the application of the different algorithms. It is observed that each of the algorithms is better for different situations, depending for instance on the angular value of the pattern. Finally, a combination of different methods in a smart way improve the results of the post processing with respect each independent method.
{"title":"Combination of time and spatial filtering to improve echo reduction in antenna measurements","authors":"M. Sierra-Castañer, J. García-Gasco Trujillo, Pilar Gonzalez-Blanco, M. J. López Morales, F. Saccardi, L. Foged","doi":"10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346292","url":null,"abstract":"Different research groups have been working during the last years in different echo reduction techniques applied to antenna measurements, based on spatial, modal or time filtering. Some applications where these methods are usually employed are: outdoor systems, for HF or VHF frequency systems or for small measurement systems where the anechoic material is only placed in front of the AUT. This paper analyzes the measurements of a dipole antenna (SD1900) using a StarLab system and the application of the different algorithms. It is observed that each of the algorithms is better for different situations, depending for instance on the angular value of the pattern. Finally, a combination of different methods in a smart way improve the results of the post processing with respect each independent method.","PeriodicalId":376019,"journal":{"name":"2015 European Radar Conference (EuRAD)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125138369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-07DOI: 10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346254
M. N. Pham, A. Jacob
In this study a sparse MIMO system with difference co-array processing is presented. It consists of two dense transmitter arrays in split configuration and a symmetrical hybrid receiver array. A combination of a periodically thinned array and two non-uniform sub-arrays is proposed to synthesize the receiver structure with low optimization effort. High angular resolution is achieved in the MUSIC spectrum by implementing a difference co-array concept together with spatial smoothing. A thinning rate in excess of 95% is demonstrated. The performance of the proposed system is validated by simulation and measurements.
{"title":"High-performance MIMO imaging RADAR with hybrid receiver array","authors":"M. N. Pham, A. Jacob","doi":"10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346254","url":null,"abstract":"In this study a sparse MIMO system with difference co-array processing is presented. It consists of two dense transmitter arrays in split configuration and a symmetrical hybrid receiver array. A combination of a periodically thinned array and two non-uniform sub-arrays is proposed to synthesize the receiver structure with low optimization effort. High angular resolution is achieved in the MUSIC spectrum by implementing a difference co-array concept together with spatial smoothing. A thinning rate in excess of 95% is demonstrated. The performance of the proposed system is validated by simulation and measurements.","PeriodicalId":376019,"journal":{"name":"2015 European Radar Conference (EuRAD)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116709120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-07DOI: 10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346267
W. Scheiblhofer, R. Feger, A. Haderer, A. Stelzer
We present the realization of a cooperative radar system for ranging applications with integrated data-transmission capability. The simultaneous transmission is performed by the radar-hardware without the necessity of additional components or an auxiliary data-link. Therefore the data is directly embedded in the transmitted chirp of a frequency-modulated continuous-wave radar-sensor. A second station, acting as receiver, uses an identical, but unmodulated chirp for down-conversion. The resulting signal then is processed by a noncoherent demodulator setup, extracting the communication data. Measurement results from transmission of messages with different bit-rates are shown. By utilizing existing radar-hardware a transmission rate of up to 128 kbps is possible, without the need of a dedicated transceiver.
{"title":"Method to embed a data-link on FMCW chirps for communication between cooperative 77-GHz radar stations","authors":"W. Scheiblhofer, R. Feger, A. Haderer, A. Stelzer","doi":"10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346267","url":null,"abstract":"We present the realization of a cooperative radar system for ranging applications with integrated data-transmission capability. The simultaneous transmission is performed by the radar-hardware without the necessity of additional components or an auxiliary data-link. Therefore the data is directly embedded in the transmitted chirp of a frequency-modulated continuous-wave radar-sensor. A second station, acting as receiver, uses an identical, but unmodulated chirp for down-conversion. The resulting signal then is processed by a noncoherent demodulator setup, extracting the communication data. Measurement results from transmission of messages with different bit-rates are shown. By utilizing existing radar-hardware a transmission rate of up to 128 kbps is possible, without the need of a dedicated transceiver.","PeriodicalId":376019,"journal":{"name":"2015 European Radar Conference (EuRAD)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121366551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-07DOI: 10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346257
F. Yanovsky, A. O. Oude Nijhuis, O. Krasnov, C. Unal, H. Russchenberg, A. Yarovoy
This paper presents an advanced radar method and novel algorithm for retrieving turbulence intensity from precipitation measurements, using coherent fully polarimetric radar system. The algorithm computes the Eddy dissipation rate based on adaptive estimation of a Doppler spectrum width in the radar resolution volume and a variance of the mean Doppler velocity in space and in time. The adaptation consists in estimation and removal of nonturbulent contributions to all informative parameters based on reflected signal processing. The algorithm has been verified experimentally by comparing EDR values retrieved from radar signals with in situ sonic anemometer measurements.
{"title":"Turbulence intensity estimation using advanced radar methods","authors":"F. Yanovsky, A. O. Oude Nijhuis, O. Krasnov, C. Unal, H. Russchenberg, A. Yarovoy","doi":"10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346257","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an advanced radar method and novel algorithm for retrieving turbulence intensity from precipitation measurements, using coherent fully polarimetric radar system. The algorithm computes the Eddy dissipation rate based on adaptive estimation of a Doppler spectrum width in the radar resolution volume and a variance of the mean Doppler velocity in space and in time. The adaptation consists in estimation and removal of nonturbulent contributions to all informative parameters based on reflected signal processing. The algorithm has been verified experimentally by comparing EDR values retrieved from radar signals with in situ sonic anemometer measurements.","PeriodicalId":376019,"journal":{"name":"2015 European Radar Conference (EuRAD)","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129650193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-07DOI: 10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346247
F. Norouzian, F. Qi, B. Willetts, M. Gashinova, C. Constantinou, P. Gardner, E. Hoare, M. Cherniakov
Intensive research and development activity on low-terahertz (0.1-1 THz) electronics, including recent advances in monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) fabrication, indicate that THz radar might become feasible in the coming decade, at a reasonable cost. Low-THz radar sensors are promising short range sensing for mobile robotics, automotive industry and avionics industries. Physically small antenna sizes are sufficiently electrically large to provide high angular resolutions. As a first step, the influence of contamination on the sensor radome is investigated for complex practical outdoor environments, by taking various weather (rain, snow, fog, etc.) and road conditions (mud, water, oil, etc.) into account. New measurement technique for characterising low-THz signal attenuation in different materials which may cover the radome is discussed, as a pre-requisite for the development of such systems. The method proposed in this paper is based on the ratio of the signals reflected from the reference target propagate through air and a signal is transmitted through the material under test. Attenuation of different material has been characterised at two different frequencies, 150 GHz and 300 GHz.
{"title":"Characterisation of attenuation at low THz frequencies in radar sensors","authors":"F. Norouzian, F. Qi, B. Willetts, M. Gashinova, C. Constantinou, P. Gardner, E. Hoare, M. Cherniakov","doi":"10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346247","url":null,"abstract":"Intensive research and development activity on low-terahertz (0.1-1 THz) electronics, including recent advances in monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) fabrication, indicate that THz radar might become feasible in the coming decade, at a reasonable cost. Low-THz radar sensors are promising short range sensing for mobile robotics, automotive industry and avionics industries. Physically small antenna sizes are sufficiently electrically large to provide high angular resolutions. As a first step, the influence of contamination on the sensor radome is investigated for complex practical outdoor environments, by taking various weather (rain, snow, fog, etc.) and road conditions (mud, water, oil, etc.) into account. New measurement technique for characterising low-THz signal attenuation in different materials which may cover the radome is discussed, as a pre-requisite for the development of such systems. The method proposed in this paper is based on the ratio of the signals reflected from the reference target propagate through air and a signal is transmitted through the material under test. Attenuation of different material has been characterised at two different frequencies, 150 GHz and 300 GHz.","PeriodicalId":376019,"journal":{"name":"2015 European Radar Conference (EuRAD)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126105546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-07DOI: 10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346295
C. Cappellin, S. Pivnenko
This paper focuses on two important applications of the 3D reconstruction algorithm of the commercial software DIATOOL for antenna diagnostics. The first one is the accurate and detailed identification of array malfunctioning, thanks to the available enhanced spatial resolution of the reconstructed fields and currents. The second one is the filtering of the scattering from support structures and feed network leakage. Representative experimental results are presented and guidelines on the recommended measurement parameters for obtaining the best diagnostics results are provided.
{"title":"Application aspects of advanced antenna diagnostics with the 3D reconstruction algorithm","authors":"C. Cappellin, S. Pivnenko","doi":"10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346295","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on two important applications of the 3D reconstruction algorithm of the commercial software DIATOOL for antenna diagnostics. The first one is the accurate and detailed identification of array malfunctioning, thanks to the available enhanced spatial resolution of the reconstructed fields and currents. The second one is the filtering of the scattering from support structures and feed network leakage. Representative experimental results are presented and guidelines on the recommended measurement parameters for obtaining the best diagnostics results are provided.","PeriodicalId":376019,"journal":{"name":"2015 European Radar Conference (EuRAD)","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133242013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-07DOI: 10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346324
S. Jacobs, D. Bekers, S. Monni, M. Otten, W. V. van Rossum, G. Gerini, C. Germani, D. Fortini, G. Toso
This contribution addresses the problem of designing a sparse active array antenna for spaceborne SAR applications at Ka-band. The main driver for the design is limiting the recurring manufacturing costs associated to the number of active modules, while preserving main performance and insuring a certain level of industrial feasibility. A sparse configuration based on linear subarrays is presented here, which allows a substantial reduction in the number of control points while maintaining the gain and thus the sensitivity of the benchmark regular array.
{"title":"Design considerations on a sparse array antenna for Ka-band spaceborne SAR applications","authors":"S. Jacobs, D. Bekers, S. Monni, M. Otten, W. V. van Rossum, G. Gerini, C. Germani, D. Fortini, G. Toso","doi":"10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346324","url":null,"abstract":"This contribution addresses the problem of designing a sparse active array antenna for spaceborne SAR applications at Ka-band. The main driver for the design is limiting the recurring manufacturing costs associated to the number of active modules, while preserving main performance and insuring a certain level of industrial feasibility. A sparse configuration based on linear subarrays is presented here, which allows a substantial reduction in the number of control points while maintaining the gain and thus the sensitivity of the benchmark regular array.","PeriodicalId":376019,"journal":{"name":"2015 European Radar Conference (EuRAD)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132452598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-07DOI: 10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346227
O. Frey, C. Werner, A. Wiesmann
The SnowScat device, a fully-polarimetric scatterometer originally designed to measure the radar cross-section of snow at a frequency range from 9.2 to 17.8 GHz (X-band to Ku-band), has recently been extended towards a high-resolution tomographic measurement mode. Such tomographic profiling observations provide further insights into the complex electromagnetic interaction within snowpacks, e.g., by revealing different layers, such as melt-freeze crusts, inside the snowpack. In this contribution, we report first results from an initial tomographic measurement campaign carried out at a test site in Davos, Switzerland, in winter 2014/2015.
{"title":"Tomographic profiling of the structure of a snow pack at X-/Ku-Band using SnowScat in SAR mode","authors":"O. Frey, C. Werner, A. Wiesmann","doi":"10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346227","url":null,"abstract":"The SnowScat device, a fully-polarimetric scatterometer originally designed to measure the radar cross-section of snow at a frequency range from 9.2 to 17.8 GHz (X-band to Ku-band), has recently been extended towards a high-resolution tomographic measurement mode. Such tomographic profiling observations provide further insights into the complex electromagnetic interaction within snowpacks, e.g., by revealing different layers, such as melt-freeze crusts, inside the snowpack. In this contribution, we report first results from an initial tomographic measurement campaign carried out at a test site in Davos, Switzerland, in winter 2014/2015.","PeriodicalId":376019,"journal":{"name":"2015 European Radar Conference (EuRAD)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128775413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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