Pub Date : 2015-12-07DOI: 10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346246
C. Pfeffer, R. Feger, A. Stelzer
This paper presents a 77-GHz orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar system with 4 GHz bandwidth. Due to the limited bandwidth of the analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters a stepped-carrier approach is used. OFDM radar measurements with a bandwidth of 200MHz at 20 different carrier frequencies are combined in signal processing to achieve a high range resolution OFDM MIMO radar. Spectrally-interleaved OFDM signals are used to allow for simultaneous transmission and thus MIMO operation. The proposed approach is verified in practical measurements of a static target scenario and a slowly moving target scenario. Therefore a self-developed software defined radar evaluation platform with four transmitters and four receivers is used. The expected high range resolution could be achieved and range/angle/velocity measurements show the suitability for detecting slowly moving targets like pedestrians.
{"title":"A stepped-carrier 77-GHz OFDM MIMO radar system with 4 GHz bandwidth","authors":"C. Pfeffer, R. Feger, A. Stelzer","doi":"10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346246","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a 77-GHz orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar system with 4 GHz bandwidth. Due to the limited bandwidth of the analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters a stepped-carrier approach is used. OFDM radar measurements with a bandwidth of 200MHz at 20 different carrier frequencies are combined in signal processing to achieve a high range resolution OFDM MIMO radar. Spectrally-interleaved OFDM signals are used to allow for simultaneous transmission and thus MIMO operation. The proposed approach is verified in practical measurements of a static target scenario and a slowly moving target scenario. Therefore a self-developed software defined radar evaluation platform with four transmitters and four receivers is used. The expected high range resolution could be achieved and range/angle/velocity measurements show the suitability for detecting slowly moving targets like pedestrians.","PeriodicalId":376019,"journal":{"name":"2015 European Radar Conference (EuRAD)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114060875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-03DOI: 10.1109/EUMC.2015.7346077
J. Wijnhout
Continuity of an initiated track is of utmost importance for surveillance and defence systems. Discontinuity introduces severe degradation of both situational and critical awareness, affecting engagement planning and combat system effectiveness. It is therefore crucial to include continuity aspects in the track performance analysis. In this contribution a new computation method of continuity measures is described. The two measures of interest are the longest track segment and the number of track numbers. The computation method requires three inputs: Detection probability per scan, the track initiation and track maintenance criteria. Closed-form expressions for the probability distributions of the track continuity measures are derived. The closed-form expressions provide a computationally efficient method to compute the track continuity performance measures. This is illustrated using a Monte-Carlo simulation of the tracking process, which requires 100.000 runs to arrive at an error smaller than 1% with a computation time more than 200 times slower than the implementation of the analytical method.
{"title":"An analytical method to compute track continuity performance measures","authors":"J. Wijnhout","doi":"10.1109/EUMC.2015.7346077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EUMC.2015.7346077","url":null,"abstract":"Continuity of an initiated track is of utmost importance for surveillance and defence systems. Discontinuity introduces severe degradation of both situational and critical awareness, affecting engagement planning and combat system effectiveness. It is therefore crucial to include continuity aspects in the track performance analysis. In this contribution a new computation method of continuity measures is described. The two measures of interest are the longest track segment and the number of track numbers. The computation method requires three inputs: Detection probability per scan, the track initiation and track maintenance criteria. Closed-form expressions for the probability distributions of the track continuity measures are derived. The closed-form expressions provide a computationally efficient method to compute the track continuity performance measures. This is illustrated using a Monte-Carlo simulation of the tracking process, which requires 100.000 runs to arrive at an error smaller than 1% with a computation time more than 200 times slower than the implementation of the analytical method.","PeriodicalId":376019,"journal":{"name":"2015 European Radar Conference (EuRAD)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126469902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-03DOI: 10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346357
Bo Ren, L. Shi, S. Xiao, Guoyu Wang, YuLiang Chang
In this study, the radar returns from a target with deterministic polarization in clutter environments illuminated by fully polarized waves are taken into account. Statistical properties of the polarization ratio for radar returns are obtained on the assumption of complex Gaussian distributions with non-zero means. Probability density functions (PDFs) of the amplitude ratio and the phase difference are expressed in closed forms. Comparisons of statistical properties from simulated data to the theoretical PDFs derived on the basis of non-zero means, as well as the traditional ones. The better fitted results are presented to verify the advantage of the newly proposed polarization ratio models.
{"title":"Statistical properties of the polarization ratio for radar returns with deterministic polarized targets in clutter","authors":"Bo Ren, L. Shi, S. Xiao, Guoyu Wang, YuLiang Chang","doi":"10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346357","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the radar returns from a target with deterministic polarization in clutter environments illuminated by fully polarized waves are taken into account. Statistical properties of the polarization ratio for radar returns are obtained on the assumption of complex Gaussian distributions with non-zero means. Probability density functions (PDFs) of the amplitude ratio and the phase difference are expressed in closed forms. Comparisons of statistical properties from simulated data to the theoretical PDFs derived on the basis of non-zero means, as well as the traditional ones. The better fitted results are presented to verify the advantage of the newly proposed polarization ratio models.","PeriodicalId":376019,"journal":{"name":"2015 European Radar Conference (EuRAD)","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124633748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-03DOI: 10.1109/EUMC.2015.7346029
C. Culotta-López, K. Schraml, R. Wilke, D. Heberling
Analyses on the diameter of the ground plane of helical antennas show that, when the diameter of this plane is slightly smaller than the one of the helix itself, backfire radiation is achieved. Considering this ground plane as a director, the addition of more ground planes - or directors - is proven to increase the directivity of the antenna. With these reduced ground planes not causing any blockage in the axial direction, its good circular polarization and its broadband characteristic, this antenna is a suitable choice for feeding parabolic dishes for satellite communications. The construction of the antenna and its subsequent measurements are described, as well as an application of it serving as the feed for a parabolic dish.
{"title":"The yagi-helix: A multi-director configuration for the backfire-helix antenna","authors":"C. Culotta-López, K. Schraml, R. Wilke, D. Heberling","doi":"10.1109/EUMC.2015.7346029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EUMC.2015.7346029","url":null,"abstract":"Analyses on the diameter of the ground plane of helical antennas show that, when the diameter of this plane is slightly smaller than the one of the helix itself, backfire radiation is achieved. Considering this ground plane as a director, the addition of more ground planes - or directors - is proven to increase the directivity of the antenna. With these reduced ground planes not causing any blockage in the axial direction, its good circular polarization and its broadband characteristic, this antenna is a suitable choice for feeding parabolic dishes for satellite communications. The construction of the antenna and its subsequent measurements are described, as well as an application of it serving as the feed for a parabolic dish.","PeriodicalId":376019,"journal":{"name":"2015 European Radar Conference (EuRAD)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123708449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-03DOI: 10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346297
O. Khan, Johannes Meyer, K. Baur, C. Waldschmidt
A planar substrate integrated waveguide slot-fed microstrip grid array antenna for the frequency range 76-81 GHz is presented. The antenna is realized on a standard soft RF substrate. It is fed using a transverse slot in a substrate integrated waveguide on a separate substrate layer below the antenna. A wideband microstrip to substrate integrated waveguide is designed to feed the antenna. Measurement results show a 12% S11<;-10 dB bandwidth.
{"title":"Substrate integrated waveguide slot-fed grid array antenna","authors":"O. Khan, Johannes Meyer, K. Baur, C. Waldschmidt","doi":"10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346297","url":null,"abstract":"A planar substrate integrated waveguide slot-fed microstrip grid array antenna for the frequency range 76-81 GHz is presented. The antenna is realized on a standard soft RF substrate. It is fed using a transverse slot in a substrate integrated waveguide on a separate substrate layer below the antenna. A wideband microstrip to substrate integrated waveguide is designed to feed the antenna. Measurement results show a 12% S11<;-10 dB bandwidth.","PeriodicalId":376019,"journal":{"name":"2015 European Radar Conference (EuRAD)","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127148182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-03DOI: 10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346332
P. Carta, G. Galati, E. Piracci, F. Madia, R. Ronconi
Conformal arrays, distributed processors and bistatic architectures allow us to develop more and more effective phased array multifunction radars. In particular, conical (as well as cylindrical) arrays permit to avoid scan angle losses, and multiple sub-arrays with digital beamforming enhance the time-energy efficiency by executing in parallel the various radar tasks. A system architecture, now under test, is presented with some remarks about the resources management and showing the differences w.r.t. more conventional planar phased arrays (e.g. four faces). Moreover, it is shown how the operating mode can reach the one of the “ubiquitous radar” permitting virtually instantaneous detection and tracking of short-range, low-elevation targets for sea and ground point defense.
{"title":"Implementation of the ubiquitous radar concept with a conformal array","authors":"P. Carta, G. Galati, E. Piracci, F. Madia, R. Ronconi","doi":"10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346332","url":null,"abstract":"Conformal arrays, distributed processors and bistatic architectures allow us to develop more and more effective phased array multifunction radars. In particular, conical (as well as cylindrical) arrays permit to avoid scan angle losses, and multiple sub-arrays with digital beamforming enhance the time-energy efficiency by executing in parallel the various radar tasks. A system architecture, now under test, is presented with some remarks about the resources management and showing the differences w.r.t. more conventional planar phased arrays (e.g. four faces). Moreover, it is shown how the operating mode can reach the one of the “ubiquitous radar” permitting virtually instantaneous detection and tracking of short-range, low-elevation targets for sea and ground point defense.","PeriodicalId":376019,"journal":{"name":"2015 European Radar Conference (EuRAD)","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121054662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-03DOI: 10.1109/EUMC.2015.7346019
R. Négrier, M. Lalande, V. Bertrand, J. Andrieu, V. Couderc, B. Shalaby, L. Pécastaing, A. D. de Ferron, L. Desrumaux
The study presented in this article belongs within the context of a design of a new kind of short-range Ultra Wide-Band (UWB) Radar with an autonomous scanning capability. The generation of short pulses is performed with an optoelectronic device triggered by a laser flash and operating in linear switching mode. By adding as many optical systems as antennas, we create a transmitting array with increased radiated energy. Each of those elements are fed with bursts composed of UWB optogenerated pulses with a slightly different pulse repetition frequency allowing beam-scanning capability. This article presents in detail all the parts needed to implement the elementary radiation source and offers a mathematical method of calculation to trace back to the generated feeding signal.
{"title":"UWB impulse radiation source with integrated optoelectronic generator","authors":"R. Négrier, M. Lalande, V. Bertrand, J. Andrieu, V. Couderc, B. Shalaby, L. Pécastaing, A. D. de Ferron, L. Desrumaux","doi":"10.1109/EUMC.2015.7346019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EUMC.2015.7346019","url":null,"abstract":"The study presented in this article belongs within the context of a design of a new kind of short-range Ultra Wide-Band (UWB) Radar with an autonomous scanning capability. The generation of short pulses is performed with an optoelectronic device triggered by a laser flash and operating in linear switching mode. By adding as many optical systems as antennas, we create a transmitting array with increased radiated energy. Each of those elements are fed with bursts composed of UWB optogenerated pulses with a slightly different pulse repetition frequency allowing beam-scanning capability. This article presents in detail all the parts needed to implement the elementary radiation source and offers a mathematical method of calculation to trace back to the generated feeding signal.","PeriodicalId":376019,"journal":{"name":"2015 European Radar Conference (EuRAD)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121919691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-03DOI: 10.1109/EUMC.2015.7346058
B. Rohrdantz, Thomas Jaschke, Frauke K. H. Gellersen, A. Jacob
In this contribution a dual-band, dual-polarized microstrip antenna is presented. The antenna is designed for ground based Ka-band satellite communications. It relies on a standard multilayer printed circuit board technology to minimize production cost. The antenna size is smaller than half the freespace wavelength at 30GHz enabling its utilization as an array element. The dual-frequency characteristics allow to integrate transmitter and receiver terminals operating at different frequencies, which, in turn, reduces the overall size. The antenna features two distinct polarization ports suitable for dual circular polarization. This paper describes the design process and presents simulation and measurement results.
{"title":"A dual-frequency and dual-polarized patch antenna at Ka-band","authors":"B. Rohrdantz, Thomas Jaschke, Frauke K. H. Gellersen, A. Jacob","doi":"10.1109/EUMC.2015.7346058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EUMC.2015.7346058","url":null,"abstract":"In this contribution a dual-band, dual-polarized microstrip antenna is presented. The antenna is designed for ground based Ka-band satellite communications. It relies on a standard multilayer printed circuit board technology to minimize production cost. The antenna size is smaller than half the freespace wavelength at 30GHz enabling its utilization as an array element. The dual-frequency characteristics allow to integrate transmitter and receiver terminals operating at different frequencies, which, in turn, reduces the overall size. The antenna features two distinct polarization ports suitable for dual circular polarization. This paper describes the design process and presents simulation and measurement results.","PeriodicalId":376019,"journal":{"name":"2015 European Radar Conference (EuRAD)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128900037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-03DOI: 10.1109/EUMC.2015.7346059
Q. Dao, R. Braun, B. Geck
This contribution presents optically transparent microstrip patch antennas which are designed using meshed conductors. The influences on antenna performance of meshing both patch and ground plane are studied. Important geometrical parameters which have the main impact on the operating frequency and bandwidth are pointed out. The investigation shows that a necessity of reducing the patch size and/or enhancing the bandwidth can be accomplished by the meshing method. Furthermore, antenna structures with an optical transparency of roughly 90% can have comparable properties as a conventional patch antenna. A prototype is fabricated and the simulated and measured results are discussed.
{"title":"Design and investigation of meshed patch antennas for applications at 24 GHz","authors":"Q. Dao, R. Braun, B. Geck","doi":"10.1109/EUMC.2015.7346059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EUMC.2015.7346059","url":null,"abstract":"This contribution presents optically transparent microstrip patch antennas which are designed using meshed conductors. The influences on antenna performance of meshing both patch and ground plane are studied. Important geometrical parameters which have the main impact on the operating frequency and bandwidth are pointed out. The investigation shows that a necessity of reducing the patch size and/or enhancing the bandwidth can be accomplished by the meshing method. Furthermore, antenna structures with an optical transparency of roughly 90% can have comparable properties as a conventional patch antenna. A prototype is fabricated and the simulated and measured results are discussed.","PeriodicalId":376019,"journal":{"name":"2015 European Radar Conference (EuRAD)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133694049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-03DOI: 10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346334
Donghwnag Shin, Jin‐Cheol Jeong, Seong-Mo Moon, I. Yom, Dong-Wook Kim
This paper presents a compact Ku-band GaAs multifunction chip using commercial GaAs pHEMT technologies for SATCOM applications. The multifunction chip consists of a 4-bit phase shifter and a 4-bit attenuator with a serial-to-parallel converter (SPC) but the size is less than 7.6 mm2. Typical value of RMS attenuation error and RMS phase error are 0.5 dB and 3.5°, respectively in the frequency range of 12-18 GHz. The SPC-integrated multifunction chip leads to a simplification in the control interface and a reduction in the cost of module assembly.
{"title":"Compact Ku-band GaAs multifunction chip for SATCOM phased arrays","authors":"Donghwnag Shin, Jin‐Cheol Jeong, Seong-Mo Moon, I. Yom, Dong-Wook Kim","doi":"10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346334","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a compact Ku-band GaAs multifunction chip using commercial GaAs pHEMT technologies for SATCOM applications. The multifunction chip consists of a 4-bit phase shifter and a 4-bit attenuator with a serial-to-parallel converter (SPC) but the size is less than 7.6 mm2. Typical value of RMS attenuation error and RMS phase error are 0.5 dB and 3.5°, respectively in the frequency range of 12-18 GHz. The SPC-integrated multifunction chip leads to a simplification in the control interface and a reduction in the cost of module assembly.","PeriodicalId":376019,"journal":{"name":"2015 European Radar Conference (EuRAD)","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122403130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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