Pub Date : 2015-12-03DOI: 10.1109/EUMC.2015.7346055
S. E. Valavan, D. Tran, A. Yarovoy, A. Roederer
The design and development of linear dual-band patch arrays with wide-angle scanning feature and large frequency ratio is presented. The novel dual-band patch antenna used in the linear arrays supports two well-defined bands with a frequency ratio of 1.43:1, in the X-band, and maintains consistent radiation patterns at both the sub-bands. The antenna also has a compact electrical dimensions measuring only 0.38λL × 0.38λL, at the low frequency band of operation. Prototypes linear arrays have been built and their performance experimentally validated.
{"title":"Linear dual-band phased arrays with wide-angle scanning capability","authors":"S. E. Valavan, D. Tran, A. Yarovoy, A. Roederer","doi":"10.1109/EUMC.2015.7346055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EUMC.2015.7346055","url":null,"abstract":"The design and development of linear dual-band patch arrays with wide-angle scanning feature and large frequency ratio is presented. The novel dual-band patch antenna used in the linear arrays supports two well-defined bands with a frequency ratio of 1.43:1, in the X-band, and maintains consistent radiation patterns at both the sub-bands. The antenna also has a compact electrical dimensions measuring only 0.38λL × 0.38λL, at the low frequency band of operation. Prototypes linear arrays have been built and their performance experimentally validated.","PeriodicalId":376019,"journal":{"name":"2015 European Radar Conference (EuRAD)","volume":"194 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121616503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-03DOI: 10.1109/EUMC.2015.7346021
Feng Hu, K. Mouthaan
A CMOS true time delay (TTD) chain operating from 1 GHz to 21 GHz is presented for ultra-broadband phased array systems. An eight-stage trombone configuration is employed to provide 3-bit tuning capability. The second order all pass network (APN) is used to construct the gate line and drain line. The adoption of the APN increases the achievable delay while maintaining a compact size. The larger shunt capacitance in the APN also helps to alleviate the design constraints for the switching amplifiers in the trombone topology. The all-pass characteristic of the APN further improves the matching performance of the trombone lines and hence extends the operating bandwidth. The circuit is implemented in a standard 0.13 μm CMOS process. The measured input and output return loss is better than 12 dB across 1-21 GHz and the maximum delay is 274 ps with 3-bit resolution. The measured input referred P1dB is better than -2.5 dBm.
{"title":"A 1–21 GHz, 3-bit CMOS true time delay chain with 274 ps delay for ultra-broadband phased array antennas","authors":"Feng Hu, K. Mouthaan","doi":"10.1109/EUMC.2015.7346021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EUMC.2015.7346021","url":null,"abstract":"A CMOS true time delay (TTD) chain operating from 1 GHz to 21 GHz is presented for ultra-broadband phased array systems. An eight-stage trombone configuration is employed to provide 3-bit tuning capability. The second order all pass network (APN) is used to construct the gate line and drain line. The adoption of the APN increases the achievable delay while maintaining a compact size. The larger shunt capacitance in the APN also helps to alleviate the design constraints for the switching amplifiers in the trombone topology. The all-pass characteristic of the APN further improves the matching performance of the trombone lines and hence extends the operating bandwidth. The circuit is implemented in a standard 0.13 μm CMOS process. The measured input and output return loss is better than 12 dB across 1-21 GHz and the maximum delay is 274 ps with 3-bit resolution. The measured input referred P1dB is better than -2.5 dBm.","PeriodicalId":376019,"journal":{"name":"2015 European Radar Conference (EuRAD)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131537872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-03DOI: 10.1109/EUMC.2015.7346065
K. Siddiq, Robert J. Watson, Steve R. Pennock, Philip Avery, Richard Poulton, Ben Dakin-Norris
Phase noise in radar transmitters is known to raise the noise floor around large targets, making impossible the detection & tracking of small targets nearby. This paper presents phase-noise modelling techniques, with a focus on homodyne FMCW radars, to accurately predict the level of phase noise expected in the radar display. Phase noise models of the sub-systems inside a typical radar are presented. We also discuss the cancellation of phase noise in coherent radar systems for short-ranges and analyse the situation for longer ranges. Practical measurements from a millimetre-wave radar system are presented to validate the theoretical modelling.
{"title":"Phase noise analysis in FMCW radar systems","authors":"K. Siddiq, Robert J. Watson, Steve R. Pennock, Philip Avery, Richard Poulton, Ben Dakin-Norris","doi":"10.1109/EUMC.2015.7346065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EUMC.2015.7346065","url":null,"abstract":"Phase noise in radar transmitters is known to raise the noise floor around large targets, making impossible the detection & tracking of small targets nearby. This paper presents phase-noise modelling techniques, with a focus on homodyne FMCW radars, to accurately predict the level of phase noise expected in the radar display. Phase noise models of the sub-systems inside a typical radar are presented. We also discuss the cancellation of phase noise in coherent radar systems for short-ranges and analyse the situation for longer ranges. Practical measurements from a millimetre-wave radar system are presented to validate the theoretical modelling.","PeriodicalId":376019,"journal":{"name":"2015 European Radar Conference (EuRAD)","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126222477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-09-09DOI: 10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346264
T. Fromenteze, E. Kpré, C. Decroze, D. Carsenat
Recent works have demonstrated the feasibility of microwave imaging using compressive techniques, exempting the use the of active delay lines, phase shifters, or moving parts to achieve beamforming. With this method, waves are coded in a passive way by a compressive device to reduce the complexity of the transmitter and/or receiver chains of the telecommunication and radar systems requiring beamsteering. Since this technique is based on frequency diversity, the reduction of the compressive device's volume imposes a diminution of the amount of driven antennas. In this article, the improvement brought by simultaneous excitations of the compressive device is presented. Adapting a new mathematical formulation, it is shown that M inputs can send independent waveforms allowing the beamsteering of an N-elements antenna array, while maintaining N > M.
{"title":"Passive UWB beamforming: A N to M compression study","authors":"T. Fromenteze, E. Kpré, C. Decroze, D. Carsenat","doi":"10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346264","url":null,"abstract":"Recent works have demonstrated the feasibility of microwave imaging using compressive techniques, exempting the use the of active delay lines, phase shifters, or moving parts to achieve beamforming. With this method, waves are coded in a passive way by a compressive device to reduce the complexity of the transmitter and/or receiver chains of the telecommunication and radar systems requiring beamsteering. Since this technique is based on frequency diversity, the reduction of the compressive device's volume imposes a diminution of the amount of driven antennas. In this article, the improvement brought by simultaneous excitations of the compressive device is presented. Adapting a new mathematical formulation, it is shown that M inputs can send independent waveforms allowing the beamsteering of an N-elements antenna array, while maintaining N > M.","PeriodicalId":376019,"journal":{"name":"2015 European Radar Conference (EuRAD)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127049099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346262
T. Fromenteze, E. Kpré, C. Decroze, D. Carsenat, O. Yurduseven, M. Imani, J. Gollub, David R. Smith
In recent years, several techniques of imaging have emerged based on compressive sensing. Thus, using passive devices able to code and sum the information measured on a radiating aperture, complex UWB beamforming hardwares can be replaced by inverse problems to solve using deconvolution techniques. Two similar compressive techniques have been developed independently, based on a passive multiplexer and on a metamaterial aperture. This paper proposes an unification of these approaches, using a common mathematical formulation and comparing the deconvolution strategy adopted by each research team.
{"title":"Unification of compressed imaging techniques in the microwave range and deconvolution strategy","authors":"T. Fromenteze, E. Kpré, C. Decroze, D. Carsenat, O. Yurduseven, M. Imani, J. Gollub, David R. Smith","doi":"10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346262","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, several techniques of imaging have emerged based on compressive sensing. Thus, using passive devices able to code and sum the information measured on a radiating aperture, complex UWB beamforming hardwares can be replaced by inverse problems to solve using deconvolution techniques. Two similar compressive techniques have been developed independently, based on a passive multiplexer and on a metamaterial aperture. This paper proposes an unification of these approaches, using a common mathematical formulation and comparing the deconvolution strategy adopted by each research team.","PeriodicalId":376019,"journal":{"name":"2015 European Radar Conference (EuRAD)","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123148560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346314
C. Prasad, A. Biswas
In this paper, a directive dielectric image line (DIL) tapered planar antenna is presented in Ku-band. The antenna is fed by substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) which is designed with the dielectric image line taper antenna on a single substrate to make the design fully planar. Simulations are carried out in Ansoft HFSS. The proposed antenna provides 15 dBi gain over wide bandwidth (33.33%), and with almost frequency-independent main lobe tilted at 720 from broadside.
{"title":"Efficient tapered dielectric image line antenna in planar environment","authors":"C. Prasad, A. Biswas","doi":"10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346314","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a directive dielectric image line (DIL) tapered planar antenna is presented in Ku-band. The antenna is fed by substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) which is designed with the dielectric image line taper antenna on a single substrate to make the design fully planar. Simulations are carried out in Ansoft HFSS. The proposed antenna provides 15 dBi gain over wide bandwidth (33.33%), and with almost frequency-independent main lobe tilted at 720 from broadside.","PeriodicalId":376019,"journal":{"name":"2015 European Radar Conference (EuRAD)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130454300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EUMC.2015.7346056
V. Závodný, Petr Kopecký
The paper describes an antenna demonstrator for 3D radar at s-band. It is composed as monopulse two-dimensional antenna array with dipoles printed on a dielectric substrate. The monopulse comparator is integrated at the horizontal feeding network. The antenna array operates in S-band with a beamwidth of 2.2 degrees in the H-plane and 15 degrees in the E-plane. The obtained gain is more than 28 dB.
{"title":"Antenna for 3D radar demonstrator","authors":"V. Závodný, Petr Kopecký","doi":"10.1109/EUMC.2015.7346056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EUMC.2015.7346056","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes an antenna demonstrator for 3D radar at s-band. It is composed as monopulse two-dimensional antenna array with dipoles printed on a dielectric substrate. The monopulse comparator is integrated at the horizontal feeding network. The antenna array operates in S-band with a beamwidth of 2.2 degrees in the H-plane and 15 degrees in the E-plane. The obtained gain is more than 28 dB.","PeriodicalId":376019,"journal":{"name":"2015 European Radar Conference (EuRAD)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133144791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EUMC.2015.7346026
C. Menudier, E. Arnaud, M. Thevenot, F. Fezai, A. Oueslati, N. Chevalier, S. Reynaud, T. Monediere
The computation of accurate weightings for a reconfigurable antenna remains a challenging task when the number of elements is moderate. In fact, the infinite periodic formalisms lead to inaccurate results for the element close to the edges. Moreover, in case of failure or dispersion on the performances of a reconfigurable element (e.g. phase shifter), it may be difficult to isolate the origin of a dysfunction. In this contribution, we propose an analysis and synthesis process including electromagnetic simulation, analytical synthesis and measurements data to optimize the performances of reconfigurable antennas. A simple test prototype has been used to validate the performances and to show the interest of this approach that can be extended to a wide category of multi-elements antennas.
{"title":"Synthesis of multi-element antennas using a measurement test bench","authors":"C. Menudier, E. Arnaud, M. Thevenot, F. Fezai, A. Oueslati, N. Chevalier, S. Reynaud, T. Monediere","doi":"10.1109/EUMC.2015.7346026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EUMC.2015.7346026","url":null,"abstract":"The computation of accurate weightings for a reconfigurable antenna remains a challenging task when the number of elements is moderate. In fact, the infinite periodic formalisms lead to inaccurate results for the element close to the edges. Moreover, in case of failure or dispersion on the performances of a reconfigurable element (e.g. phase shifter), it may be difficult to isolate the origin of a dysfunction. In this contribution, we propose an analysis and synthesis process including electromagnetic simulation, analytical synthesis and measurements data to optimize the performances of reconfigurable antennas. A simple test prototype has been used to validate the performances and to show the interest of this approach that can be extended to a wide category of multi-elements antennas.","PeriodicalId":376019,"journal":{"name":"2015 European Radar Conference (EuRAD)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128322941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346263
Masato Gocho, Yoshiki Takahashi, A. Ozaki
Sparse vector reconstruction requires a long computation time, because it is based on some iterative computation algorithms, in which an initial dense vector is gradually modified to a sparse vector. To overcome this problem, we proposed a fast implementation technique that is based on the reordering/reuse of results calculated from the zero-elements at each iteration. In addition, we adapted our technique to a GPU (graphics processing unit)-suitable implementation of ℓp-norm minimization, i.e., a CS (compressive/compressed sensing)-based DoA (direction of arrival) estimation algorithm. We found that the proposed implementation with a GPU is up to 47 times faster than the conventional implementation with an 8-threaded CPU.
{"title":"Fast implementation of sparse reconstruction for CS-based DoA estimation","authors":"Masato Gocho, Yoshiki Takahashi, A. Ozaki","doi":"10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346263","url":null,"abstract":"Sparse vector reconstruction requires a long computation time, because it is based on some iterative computation algorithms, in which an initial dense vector is gradually modified to a sparse vector. To overcome this problem, we proposed a fast implementation technique that is based on the reordering/reuse of results calculated from the zero-elements at each iteration. In addition, we adapted our technique to a GPU (graphics processing unit)-suitable implementation of ℓp-norm minimization, i.e., a CS (compressive/compressed sensing)-based DoA (direction of arrival) estimation algorithm. We found that the proposed implementation with a GPU is up to 47 times faster than the conventional implementation with an 8-threaded CPU.","PeriodicalId":376019,"journal":{"name":"2015 European Radar Conference (EuRAD)","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127414056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346293
J. Ala-Laurinaho, Z. Du, V. Semkin, V. Viikari, A. Raisanen
The paper presents developments of reflection coefficient method for antenna radiation pattern retrieval. The reflection coefficient of the antenna under test (AUT) is measured with multitude of known reflective loads in front of the antenna aperture. The reflection coefficient depends on how the field reflected from the load couples to the antenna aperture field. The field propagation from the AUT to the load and correspondingly from the load to the AUT can be modeled with Fourier techniques. Antenna aperture field can be retrieved from the measured reflection coefficients with iterative methods. However, the used algorithms do not model multiple reflections between the AUT and reflective load. In this paper, we study the multiple reflections with simulated results of a pyramidal horn antenna at 30 GHz and discuss briefly the mitigation of their effects. Also, a comparison of two cost function in the optimization procedure and effects of noise in radiation pattern retrieval are presented.
{"title":"Reflection coefficient method for antenna radiation pattern measurements","authors":"J. Ala-Laurinaho, Z. Du, V. Semkin, V. Viikari, A. Raisanen","doi":"10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346293","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents developments of reflection coefficient method for antenna radiation pattern retrieval. The reflection coefficient of the antenna under test (AUT) is measured with multitude of known reflective loads in front of the antenna aperture. The reflection coefficient depends on how the field reflected from the load couples to the antenna aperture field. The field propagation from the AUT to the load and correspondingly from the load to the AUT can be modeled with Fourier techniques. Antenna aperture field can be retrieved from the measured reflection coefficients with iterative methods. However, the used algorithms do not model multiple reflections between the AUT and reflective load. In this paper, we study the multiple reflections with simulated results of a pyramidal horn antenna at 30 GHz and discuss briefly the mitigation of their effects. Also, a comparison of two cost function in the optimization procedure and effects of noise in radiation pattern retrieval are presented.","PeriodicalId":376019,"journal":{"name":"2015 European Radar Conference (EuRAD)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122917966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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