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Circuit Modeling and Simulation of the ESD Generator for Various Tested Equipment According to the IEC 61000-4-2 基于IEC 61000-4-2的各种测试设备ESD发生器电路建模与仿真
Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.37394/23201.2022.21.22
G. Fotis, V. Vita
The existing IEC Standard for Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) contains a general and simplified circuit for the generator that produces ESD discharges, without entering into details. The present work tries to fill this gap and proposes a circuit which will generate the ESD current in the limits that the current Standard defines. Two circuit models are examined through simulations with SPICE software, with the one to be the most suitable. This circuit model is also examined for various loads that simulate the Equipment under Test (EUT) and useful conclusions derive up to what type and size of equipment can be safely tested by ESD generators so that the test results are reliable.
现有的IEC静电放电(ESD)标准包含了产生静电放电的发电机的通用和简化电路,但没有详细说明。目前的工作试图填补这一空白,并提出了一种电路,该电路将在当前标准定义的限制范围内产生ESD电流。通过SPICE软件的仿真,对两种电路模型进行了检验,选出了最合适的一种。该电路模型还对模拟被测设备(EUT)的各种负载进行了检查,并得出了有用的结论,即什么类型和尺寸的设备可以由ESD发生器安全测试,从而使测试结果可靠。
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引用次数: 1
Generalized Receiver with Decision-Feedback Equalizer for Multicode Wideband DS-CDMA 多码宽带DS-CDMA决策反馈均衡器广义接收机
Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.37394/23201.2022.21.23
V. Tuzlukov
In the present paper, a chip-level minimum mean-square-error (MMSE) decision-feedback equalizer for the downlink receiver of multicode wideband direct sequence code-division multiple access (DS-CDMA) wireless communication systems over frequency-selective channels is investigated. Firstly, the MMSE per sym-bol achievable by an optimal decision-feedback equalizer is derived, assuming that all interchip interference (ICI) of the desired user can be eliminated. The MMSE of the decision-feedback equalizer is always less than or at most equal to that of linear equalizers. When all the active codes belong to the desired user, the ideal deci-sion-feedback equalizer is able to eliminate multicode interference and approach the performance of the single-code case at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) range. Secondly, we apply the hypothesis-feedback equalizer or tentative-chip decision-feedback equalizer in the multicode scenario. The tentative-chip decision-feedback equ-alizer outperforms the chip-level linear equalizer and the decision-feedback equalizer that only feeds back the symbols already decided. The performance gain increases with SNR, but decreases with the number of active codes owned by the other users. When all the active codes are assigned to the desired user, the tentative-chip decision-feedback equalizer eliminates the multicode interference and achieves single-user performance at the high SNR, similarly, to the ideal decision-feedback equalizer. The asymptotic performance of the decision-feed-back equalizer is confirmed through the bit error rate (BER) simulation over various channels.
本文研究了一种用于多码宽带直接顺序码分多址(DS-CDMA)无线通信系统下行接收机的片级最小均方误差(MMSE)决策反馈均衡器。首先,假设期望用户的所有片间干扰(ICI)都可以消除,推导了最优决策反馈均衡器可实现的每个符号的MMSE。决策反馈均衡器的MMSE总是小于或最多等于线性均衡器的MMSE。当所有活动码都属于期望用户时,理想的决策反馈均衡器能够在高信噪比范围内消除多码干扰并接近单码情况的性能。其次,我们将假设反馈均衡器或暂定芯片决策反馈均衡器应用于多码场景。暂定芯片决策反馈均衡器优于芯片级线性均衡器和仅反馈已决定符号的决策反馈均衡器。性能增益随着信噪比的增加而增加,但随着其他用户拥有的活动代码的数量而减少。当所有的活动码都分配给期望的用户时,暂定芯片决策反馈均衡器消除了多码干扰,并在高信噪比下实现单用户性能,类似于理想的决策反馈均衡器。通过各种信道的误码率仿真,验证了决策反馈均衡器的渐近性能。
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引用次数: 0
Comparison of the Kalman Filter and the Unbiased FIR Filter for Network Systems with Multiples Output Delays and Lost Data 具有多输出延迟和数据丢失的网络系统的卡尔曼滤波器和无偏FIR滤波器的比较
Pub Date : 2022-08-02 DOI: 10.37394/23201.2022.21.19
Karen J. Uribe-Murcia, Jorge A. Ortega-Contreras, Eli Pale-Ramon, Miguel Vazquez-Olguin, Y. Shmaliy
In this article, a comparison of the UFIR and Kalman filter to estimate a tracking vehicle system variables is developed considering two possible observation output models. The time stamp approach and the predictive compensation are used to analyze the problem from multiple perturbations, which produces random delayed data and losses during transmissions. For the estimation, a transformation model and a decorrelation covariance matrices are developed with the aim of assure optimal conditions and minimizing the estimation error. Finally, several real situations, miss modeling, uncertain noise covariances, and uncertain probabilities are proposed to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the filter proposed.
本文在考虑两种可能的观测输出模型的情况下,对UFIR和卡尔曼滤波估计跟踪车辆系统变量进行了比较。采用时间戳方法和预测补偿方法分析了在传输过程中产生随机延迟数据和损失的多重扰动问题。为了保证最优条件和最小化估计误差,建立了变换模型和去相关协方差矩阵。最后,通过建模缺失、不确定噪声协方差和不确定概率等实际情况,验证了所提滤波器的有效性和鲁棒性。
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引用次数: 0
Complete Electrical Equivalent Circuit Based Modeling and Analysis of Permanent Magnet Direct Current (DC) Motors 基于完全等效电路的永磁直流电动机建模与分析
Pub Date : 2022-08-02 DOI: 10.37394/23201.2022.21.20
Abdullah Altay, A. Yildiz
The modeling and analysis of permanent-magnet DC motor, whose attractiveness has increased with the availability of high-energy rare earth permanent magnet materials such as SmCo and NdFeB, is very important in recent years. The analysis of the established model is very important for researchers and engineers before siteworks. The most important features of the established model are that the equations are simple to obtain, the model can be set up using a simple platform, and ease of model analysis. Generally, for DC motor models, only the armature circuit model is given and only the equations of the mechanical system are given. In the armature circuit model, equations are obtained by switching to the s-domain, and analyzes are made on highly advanced platforms by using these equations. In this study, electrical equivalents of mechanical equations were obtained and both armature circuit and mechanical parameters of a DC motor were expressed as electrical circuit elements. Although the motor model includes mechanical parameters and variables, the whole model is expressed only with electrical elements and variables. Thus, a complete electrical equivalent circuit is proposed for the dynamic model of the permanent-magnet DC motor, in which both the armature and the mechanical part can be modeled as an electrical circuit. With the analyzes, the performance of the permanent magnet DC motor model was examined and it was seen that the system dynamics responses were compatible.
永磁直流电动机的建模和分析是近年来非常重要的,随着高能稀土永磁材料如SmCo和NdFeB的出现,永磁直流电动机的吸引力越来越大。对所建立的模型进行分析对研究人员和工程人员在现场施工前的工作是非常重要的。所建立的模型最重要的特点是方程容易得到,模型可以用一个简单的平台建立,模型分析方便。对于直流电机模型,一般只给出电枢电路模型,只给出机械系统方程。在电枢电路模型中,通过切换到s域得到方程,并利用这些方程在先进的平台上进行分析。在本研究中,获得了力学方程的电学等效,并将直流电动机的电枢电路和机械参数都表示为电路元件。虽然电机模型包含力学参数和变量,但整个模型仅用电气元件和变量表示。因此,提出了一种完整的永磁直流电动机动态模型的等效电路,其中电枢和机械部分都可以建模为电路。通过分析,验证了永磁直流电动机模型的性能,发现系统动力学响应是兼容的。
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引用次数: 1
Closed Loop Modified SEPIC Converter for Photovoltaic System 光伏系统闭环改进型SEPIC变换器
Pub Date : 2022-07-05 DOI: 10.37394/23201.2022.21.17
A. Daud, S. Khader
The high static gain modified single ended primary coil (MSEPIC) converter is presented in this paper. The proposed converter presents low switch voltage and high efficiency for low input voltage and high output voltage applications. The configuration of MSEPIC converter is presented and analyzed. Closed loop feedback control with PID controller based on triggering system is developed for MSEPIC converter to maintain constant output voltage. Furthermore, the model is integrated with Photovoltaic generator where the input voltage and current depend on the solar irradiation rates. The proposed model is analyzed and simulated in Matlab/Simulink and m-file code. Simulation model is developed with a maximum power at full sun equal to 315 W, which presents efficiency equal to 99.03%. The PID controller works as intended, as the output voltage can approach the expected value. Furthermore, performance and robustness are tested by load variations and set point variations.
介绍了一种高静态增益修正单端初级线圈(MSEPIC)变换器。该变换器在低输入电压和高输出电压应用中具有低开关电压和高效率的特点。介绍并分析了MSEPIC变换器的结构。针对MSEPIC变换器的输出电压稳定问题,提出了基于触发系统的PID闭环反馈控制方法。此外,该模型还集成了光伏发电机,其输入电压和电流取决于太阳辐照率。利用Matlab/Simulink和m-file代码对所提出的模型进行了分析和仿真。建立了全日照时最大功率为315 W的仿真模型,效率为99.03%。PID控制器按预期工作,因为输出电压可以接近期望值。此外,通过负载变化和设定点变化来测试性能和鲁棒性。
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引用次数: 2
On the Structure of a Quasi-Optimal Algorithm for Circuit Designing 电路设计准最优算法的结构研究
Pub Date : 2022-07-05 DOI: 10.37394/23201.2022.21.18
A. Zemliak
The formulation of the process of analog system design has been done on the basis of the control theory application as the problem of a special functional minimization. This approach generalizes the design process and produces the different design trajectories inside the same optimization procedure. Numerical examples show that the potential computer time gain of the optimal design strategy with respect to the traditional design strategy increases when the size and the complexity of the system increase. Some properties of an additional acceleration effect of the design process were analyzed. The special selection of the optimization process start point provides the acceleration effect with a great probability. The positions of the optimal switch points of the control vector were found on the basis of the analysis of the special Lyapunov function of the design process. The combination of the acceleration effect with the start point preliminary selection and the optimal switch points of the control vector serve as the principal ideas to the time-optimal design algorithm construction.
在控制理论应用的基础上,将模拟系统的设计过程作为一个特殊的功能最小化问题进行了阐述。这种方法概括了设计过程,并在同一优化过程中产生了不同的设计轨迹。数值算例表明,随着系统规模和复杂性的增加,优化设计策略相对于传统设计策略的潜在计算机时间增益增大。分析了设计过程中附加加速度效应的一些特性。优化过程起点的特殊选择,提供了大概率的加速效应。在分析设计过程的特殊Lyapunov函数的基础上,找到了控制向量的最优开关点位置。将加速度效应与初始点的初步选择和控制向量的最优切换点相结合,是构建时间最优设计算法的主要思想。
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引用次数: 0
Theoretical Study of Hybrid Solar Cell Parameters Evaluation From I-V Characteristics 从I-V特性评价混合太阳能电池参数的理论研究
Pub Date : 2022-07-04 DOI: 10.37394/23201.2022.21.16
N. Nehaoua, I. Ami, F. Mebtouche, H. Meziani, S. Abaidia
Photovoltaics, which convert directly solar energy into electricity, provide a practical and sustainable solution to the challenge of meeting the increasing global energy demand. Computer simulation is an important tool for investigating solar cell device’s behavior and optimizing their performance. This work develops a new approach to retrieve the five parameters of the single diode equivalent solar cell/module model using the measured current-voltage data and its derivative (G=dI/dV). A nonlinear least-square technique based on the Newton-Raphson method under MATLAB Program is applied to determine the five parameters of the hybrid solar cell including under different temperature.
光伏发电将太阳能直接转化为电能,为满足日益增长的全球能源需求提供了一种实用和可持续的解决方案。计算机仿真是研究太阳能电池器件性能和优化其性能的重要工具。本文提出了一种利用实测的电流-电压数据及其导数(G=dI/dV)检索单二极管等效太阳能电池/组件模型的五个参数的新方法。采用基于牛顿-拉夫森法的非线性最小二乘方法,在MATLAB程序下确定了混合太阳能电池在不同温度下的5个参数。
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引用次数: 0
A Novel Processor for Artificial Intelligence Acceleration 一种新型的人工智能加速处理器
Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.37394/23201.2022.21.14
A. Kostadinov, G. Kouzaev
A variable predicate logic processor (VPLP) is proposed for artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, computer-aided medicine, electronic security, and other applications. The development is realized as an accelerating unit in AI computing machines. The difference from known designs, the datapath of this processor consists of universal gates changing on-the-fly their logical styles-subsets of predicate logic according to the data type and implemented instructions. In this paper, the processor’s reconfigurable gates and the main units are proposed, designed, modeled, and verified using a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) board and corresponding computer-aided design (CAD) tool. The implemented processor confirmed its reconfigurability on-the-fly performing testing codes. This processor is interesting in accelerating AI computing, molecular and quantum calculations in science, cryptography, computer-aided medicine, robotics, etc.
提出了一种可变谓词逻辑处理器(VPLP),用于人工智能(AI)、机器人技术、计算机辅助医学、电子安全等应用。该开发是作为AI计算机器的加速单元来实现的。与已知设计的不同之处在于,该处理器的数据路径由通用门组成,通用门根据数据类型和实现指令动态改变其逻辑样式——谓词逻辑子集。本文利用现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)板和相应的计算机辅助设计(CAD)工具,提出、设计、建模并验证了处理器的可重构门和主要单元。所实现的处理器在运行测试代码时确认了其可重构性。这款处理器在加速人工智能计算、科学领域的分子和量子计算、密码学、计算机辅助医学、机器人技术等方面非常有趣。
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引用次数: 4
PSO-RBNN Based Control Design for Trajectory Tracking 基于PSO-RBNN的轨迹跟踪控制设计
Pub Date : 2022-06-03 DOI: 10.37394/23201.2022.21.13
Neha Khurana
Inspite of so universally accepted, control performance by NN depends on many of the varying factors such as output weights. To ensure the functional accuracy of the NN, it is required to have an defined value of these performance effecting factors. Control scheme proposed in this paper uses an emerging optimization technique naming, PSO to get the optimal value of the parameters, naming spread factor and weights of output layer in RBNN. Thus, this hybrid controller possesses the advantageous qualities of RBNN and PSO both. For the further improvement in the basic PSO algorithm, inertia weight factor of PSO is made adaptive.This projected controller has been verified by comparing it with a basic PSO and the basic RBNN controller for the trajectory tracking control of a 2-DOF remotely driven robotic manipulator. To check the robustness of the controller its performance has been checked by incorporating uncertainties naming payload masses and friction. Appropriate conclusions have been drawn in last.
尽管被普遍接受,神经网络的控制性能取决于许多不同的因素,如输出权值。为了保证神经网络的功能准确性,需要对这些性能影响因素有一个确定的值。本文提出的控制方案采用了一种新兴的优化技术——粒子群算法(PSO)来获得RBNN中参数的最优值、命名扩展因子和输出层的权值。因此,该混合控制器同时具有RBNN和PSO的优点。为了进一步改进基本粒子群算法,对粒子群的惯性权重因子进行自适应调整。通过将该投影控制器与基本粒子群控制器和基本RBNN控制器进行比较,验证了该投影控制器对2自由度遥控机械臂轨迹跟踪控制的有效性。为了检验控制器的鲁棒性,通过引入载荷质量和摩擦的不确定性来检验控制器的性能。最后得出了相应的结论。
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引用次数: 1
A New Machine Learning Method for Bank Credit Risk Analysis 一种新的银行信用风险分析机器学习方法
Pub Date : 2022-05-20 DOI: 10.37394/23201.2022.21.12
Zaynab Hjouji, M. M’hamdi
We present in this article a new approach to predict the creditworthiness of borrowers that we call “Method of separating the learning set into two regions”. The goal of this approach is to build two regions from a training set. Thus, to predict the solvency of borrowers, it suffices to identify which of the two regions has its characteristic vectors; if it does not correspond to any region, credit decision-making requires further analysis. To test our approach, a large set of real and recent credit data obtained from the UCI repository is used, we trained also on a real credit database of a Moroccan bank and the creditworthiness of borrowers is analyzed at using two performance measurement indicators such as classification accuracy and AUC of the ROC curve as a robustness measurement criterion. The proposed model was compared with three traditional machine learning algorithms: LR, RBF-NN and MLP-NN. The experimental results show the superiority of the proposed approach.
我们在这篇文章中提出了一种预测借款人信誉的新方法,我们称之为“将学习集分成两个区域的方法”。这种方法的目标是从一个训练集中建立两个区域。因此,要预测借款人的偿付能力,只需确定两个区域中哪一个具有其特征向量;如果不对应任何区域,则需要进一步分析信用决策。为了测试我们的方法,使用了从UCI存储库获得的大量真实和最近的信用数据,我们还在摩洛哥银行的真实信用数据库上进行了训练,并使用两个绩效衡量指标(如分类准确性和ROC曲线的AUC)作为稳健性衡量标准来分析借款人的信誉。将该模型与LR、RBF-NN和MLP-NN三种传统的机器学习算法进行了比较。实验结果表明了该方法的优越性。
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引用次数: 0
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WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS
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