Pub Date : 2023-12-12DOI: 10.33045/fgr.v39.2023.18
S. Milusheva, Nataliya Dimitrova, Svetla Pandova
Sharka disease, caused by plum pox virus (PPV), was detected on peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.) for the first time in Bulgaria in 1989. Nowadays PPV is widespread in peach crops grown under varied agro-ecological conditions. The current study aimed to determinate the PPV strains spread in peach in six agro-ecological micro-regions located in three provinces (Plovdiv, Pazardzhik, Stara Zagora) of South Bulgaria. Altogether 70 PPV accessions, collected from 23 peach cultivars, were analysed by reverse transcription – polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using primer pairs discriminating isolates of PPV-M, PPV-D and PPV-Rec strains. The summarized results revealed that PPV-M and PPV-D were identified in 85.7% and 8.6 % of the analysed samples, respectively. Both strains were detected at the highest infection rates in Pazardzhik province. Co-infection by both strains PPV-M and PPV-D was registered at the rate of 5.7 % of the tested accessions. PPV-Rec strain was not identified neither single nor in co-infection with the other strains. It has found differences in strain status in each of the studied orchards located in one and the same province. Likely the continuous increase of the PPV infection rate in peach is due to the prevalence of PPV-M strain, considered the epidemic form of the virus, and possible arising of higher virulent PPV-D variants. In that case, it should be applied all reasonable measures for containment of the virus spread and protection of the tree health.
{"title":"PLUM POX VIRUS STRAINS IDENTIFIED IN PEACH IN SOUTH CENTRAL REGION OF BULGARIA","authors":"S. Milusheva, Nataliya Dimitrova, Svetla Pandova","doi":"10.33045/fgr.v39.2023.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33045/fgr.v39.2023.18","url":null,"abstract":"Sharka disease, caused by plum pox virus (PPV), was detected on peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.) for the first time in Bulgaria in 1989. Nowadays PPV is widespread in peach crops grown under varied agro-ecological conditions. The current study aimed to determinate the PPV strains spread in peach in six agro-ecological micro-regions located in three provinces (Plovdiv, Pazardzhik, Stara Zagora) of South Bulgaria. Altogether 70 PPV accessions, collected from 23 peach cultivars, were analysed by reverse transcription – polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using primer pairs discriminating isolates of PPV-M, PPV-D and PPV-Rec strains. The summarized results revealed that PPV-M and PPV-D were identified in 85.7% and 8.6 % of the analysed samples, respectively. Both strains were detected at the highest infection rates in Pazardzhik province. Co-infection by both strains PPV-M and PPV-D was registered at the rate of 5.7 % of the tested accessions. PPV-Rec strain was not identified neither single nor in co-infection with the other strains. It has found differences in strain status in each of the studied orchards located in one and the same province. Likely the continuous increase of the PPV infection rate in peach is due to the prevalence of PPV-M strain, considered the epidemic form of the virus, and possible arising of higher virulent PPV-D variants. In that case, it should be applied all reasonable measures for containment of the virus spread and protection of the tree health.","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":"23 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139009292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-12DOI: 10.33045/fgr.v39.2023.05
M. Militaru, E. Mareși, M. Paraschiv
Cider apple fruit growing is a special branch of horticulture considering that the varieties for cider are different from other apple varieties by the fruit chemical composition (high polyphenol content), and also by the specific agronomic characters (type of growth, vigor, alternate fruit bearing). Nowadays, at Research Institute for Fruit Growing Pitesti, Romania researches are carried out, in order to identify some cider varieties adapted to the pedoclimatic conditions, varieties that can be extended in commercial plantations. This paper presents the results registered during 2020-2022 regarding vigor, precocity, fruit attributes and behavior of specific disease (scab, powdery mildew, fire blight) for 22 cultivars, with different origin ('Marie Ménard', 'DouceMoën', 'Kermerrien', 'Juliana', 'Judor', 'Jurella', 'Judeline', 'Judaine' from France; 'Dabinett', 'Ellis Bitter', 'Harry Masters Jersey', 'Major' from England; 'Cortland', 'Golden Russet', 'Grimes Golden', 'Gravestein Rouge', 'Norther Spy', 'Liberty' and 'Virginia Crab' from USA; 'Mc Intosh', 'Red Mc Intosh' and 'Geneva' from Canada )grafted on two rootstocks (MM106 and M9). In the first three years after planting, 'Judeline', 'DouceMoȅn' and 'Golden Russet' cvs.grafted on M9, show a low vigor. The total solid soluble content ranged between 12.6% at 'Harry Masters Jersey' cv. and 18.9% at 'Judaine' cv. The highest value of fruit firmness was recorded at 'Judaine' cv. (8.21kgf/cm2), 'Virginia Crab' (7.98 kgf/cm2), 'Jurella' (7.97 kgf/cm2), and 'Dabinett' (7.84kgf/cm2), and the lowest value was recorded for 'Cortland' cv. (6.12kgf/cm2) and 'Judor' (6.55 kgf/cm2). 'NortherSpy' cv. show a high sensitivity to apple scab, 'Cortland', 'Grimes Golden' and 'Liberty' cvs. to powdery mildew, 'Harry Master Jersey' and 'Dabinett' cvs. to fire blight.
苹果酒苹果种植是园艺学的一个特殊分支，因为苹果酒品种与其他苹果品种的不同之处在于果实的化学成分（多酚含量高）和特定的农艺特征（生长类型、活力、交替结果）。目前，罗马尼亚皮特什蒂水果种植研究所（Research Institute for Fruit Growing Pitesti）正在开展研究，以确定一些适应气候条件的苹果酒品种，这些品种可以在商业种植园中推广。本文介绍了 2020-2022 年期间对 22 个栽培品种的活力、早熟性、果实属性和特定病害（疮痂病、白粉病、火疫病）的表现进行登记的结果，这些栽培品种来自不同的产地（法国的'Marie Ménard'、'DouceMoën'、'Kermerrien'、'Juliana'、'Judor'、'Jurella'、'Judeline'、'Judaine'；英国的'Dabinett'、'Ellis Bitter'、'Harry Masters Jersey'、'Major'；美国的'Cortland'、'Golden Russet'、'Grimes Golden'、'Gravestein Rouge'、'Norther Spy'、'Liberty'和'Virginia Crab'；加拿大的'Mc Intosh'、'Red Mc Intosh'和'Geneva'）嫁接在两种砧木（MM106 和 M9）上。在种植后的头三年，嫁接在 M9 上的'Judeline'、'DouceMoȅn'和'Golden Russet'表现出较低的活力。哈里-马斯特斯-泽西 "品种的总固溶含量为 12.6%，"朱德琳 "品种的总固溶含量为 18.9%。果实硬度最高的是'Judaine'（8.21kgf/cm2）、'Virginia Crab'（7.98 kgf/cm2）、'Jurella'（7.97 kgf/cm2）和'Dabinett'（7.84kgf/cm2），最低的是'Cortland'（6.12kgf/cm2）和'Judor'（6.55 kgf/cm2）。'NortherSpy'对苹果疮痂病的敏感性较高，'Cortland'、'Grimes Golden'和'Liberty'对白粉病的敏感性较高，'Harry Master Jersey'和'Dabinett'对枯萎病的敏感性较高。
{"title":"EVALUATION OF CIDER APPLE CULTIVARS GROWN IN FRUIT GROWING ECOSYSTEM MĂRĂCINENI","authors":"M. Militaru, E. Mareși, M. Paraschiv","doi":"10.33045/fgr.v39.2023.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33045/fgr.v39.2023.05","url":null,"abstract":"Cider apple fruit growing is a special branch of horticulture considering that the varieties for cider are different from other apple varieties by the fruit chemical composition (high polyphenol content), and also by the specific agronomic characters (type of growth, vigor, alternate fruit bearing). Nowadays, at Research Institute for Fruit Growing Pitesti, Romania researches are carried out, in order to identify some cider varieties adapted to the pedoclimatic conditions, varieties that can be extended in commercial plantations. This paper presents the results registered during 2020-2022 regarding vigor, precocity, fruit attributes and behavior of specific disease (scab, powdery mildew, fire blight) for 22 cultivars, with different origin ('Marie Ménard', 'DouceMoën', 'Kermerrien', 'Juliana', 'Judor', 'Jurella', 'Judeline', 'Judaine' from France; 'Dabinett', 'Ellis Bitter', 'Harry Masters Jersey', 'Major' from England; 'Cortland', 'Golden Russet', 'Grimes Golden', 'Gravestein Rouge', 'Norther Spy', 'Liberty' and 'Virginia Crab' from USA; 'Mc Intosh', 'Red Mc Intosh' and 'Geneva' from Canada )grafted on two rootstocks (MM106 and M9). In the first three years after planting, 'Judeline', 'DouceMoȅn' and 'Golden Russet' cvs.grafted on M9, show a low vigor. The total solid soluble content ranged between 12.6% at 'Harry Masters Jersey' cv. and 18.9% at 'Judaine' cv. The highest value of fruit firmness was recorded at 'Judaine' cv. (8.21kgf/cm2), 'Virginia Crab' (7.98 kgf/cm2), 'Jurella' (7.97 kgf/cm2), and 'Dabinett' (7.84kgf/cm2), and the lowest value was recorded for 'Cortland' cv. (6.12kgf/cm2) and 'Judor' (6.55 kgf/cm2). 'NortherSpy' cv. show a high sensitivity to apple scab, 'Cortland', 'Grimes Golden' and 'Liberty' cvs. to powdery mildew, 'Harry Master Jersey' and 'Dabinett' cvs. to fire blight.","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":"52 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139007055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-12DOI: 10.33045/fgr.v39.2023.14
S. Rodino
One of the major challenges of the sustainable agri-food system around the world is the prevention of losses and waste along the value chains. As global demand for food, feed and fuel is rising there is a need for innovative strategies to improve resource efficiency in food production. Bioeconomic approaches focus on developing processes that exploit underutilized by-products from agricultural and horticultural food production. The horticultural sector is all the more affected because fresh produce in this sector is highly perishable and also contains inedible parts. In this sense, in order to evaluate the feasibility of the bioeconomy's potential to meet these problems, the present study will present a bibliometric analysis of research for the superior processing of waste and horticultural by-products with practical applications such as the bioremediation of pollutants, the production of renewable energy, bioactive compounds, biofertilizers.
{"title":"ASSESSING THE FEASIBILITY OF BIOECONOMY POTENTIAL IN THE HORTICULTURAL SECTOR: TRENDS, CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES","authors":"S. Rodino","doi":"10.33045/fgr.v39.2023.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33045/fgr.v39.2023.14","url":null,"abstract":"One of the major challenges of the sustainable agri-food system around the world is the prevention of losses and waste along the value chains. As global demand for food, feed and fuel is rising there is a need for innovative strategies to improve resource efficiency in food production. Bioeconomic approaches focus on developing processes that exploit underutilized by-products from agricultural and horticultural food production. The horticultural sector is all the more affected because fresh produce in this sector is highly perishable and also contains inedible parts. In this sense, in order to evaluate the feasibility of the bioeconomy's potential to meet these problems, the present study will present a bibliometric analysis of research for the superior processing of waste and horticultural by-products with practical applications such as the bioremediation of pollutants, the production of renewable energy, bioactive compounds, biofertilizers.","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139010198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-12DOI: 10.33045/fgr.v39.2023.08
A. Stan, E. Mareși, M. Chivu, Mădălina Butac
The fruit quality is a complex of characteristics and traits, such as: fruit size, the content of sugar, acids, flesh consistence and succulence, flavour, etc. The objective of this study was to analyze fruit quality of sweet cherry cultivars in correlation with consumer preferences. The study was carried out at Genetic and Breeding Department of Research Institute of Fruit Growing Pitesti, Romania on 13 Romanian genotypes (‘Daria’, ‘Maria’, ‘Radu’, ‘Izverna’, ‘Tentant’, ‘Colina’, ‘Superb’, ‘Rubin’, ‘Simbol’, ‘Severin’, ‘H 04-4-38’, ‘H 06-3-77’, ‘H 06-11-57’) and 11 foreign cultivars (‘Kordia’, ‘Regina’, ‘Sweetheart’, ‘Karina’, ‘Vanda’, ‘Hertfort’, ‘Areko’, ‘Lapins’, ‘Penny’, ‘Folfer’, ‘Bigarreau Burlat’), in 2021 and 2022 years. The following determinations were carried out: fruit size by weighing, flesh firmness with penetrometer non-destructive Qualitest, soluble solids content with digital refractometer and pH with Hanna HI 84532 minititrator, such as sensory evaluation of fruits using a scale from 1 (very low) to 9 (very good). The results showed that the foreign cultivars were superior to the Romanian genotypes from the point of view of the size and fruits quality. Thus, on foreign cvs., the average fruit weight was 9.31 g, while on Romanian ones of 8.39 g. The soluble solids content of fruits was higher on foreign cvs. compared to the Romanian ones (15,59% Brix respectively 14.75% Brix). On the other hand, after the sensory evaluation of the fruits, the total score was slightly higher for the Romanian genotypes (51.20) compared to the foreign ones (51.08). For Romanian consumers the most important characteristics when choosing the cherry fruits are: taste - which must be sweet or medium sweet; size - which must be large and very large; colour – red and dark red; firmness – firm and very firm fruits. These results could be useful to breeders for selection the cultivars as genitors in controlled hybridization, to farmers for correct selection of cultivars on establishing new orchards, and to the fruit market for fresh consumption.
{"title":"FRUITS QUALITY OF SOME SWEET CHERRY CULTIVARS IN CORRELATION WITH CONSUMER PREFERENCES","authors":"A. Stan, E. Mareși, M. Chivu, Mădălina Butac","doi":"10.33045/fgr.v39.2023.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33045/fgr.v39.2023.08","url":null,"abstract":"The fruit quality is a complex of characteristics and traits, such as: fruit size, the content of sugar, acids, flesh consistence and succulence, flavour, etc. The objective of this study was to analyze fruit quality of sweet cherry cultivars in correlation with consumer preferences. The study was carried out at Genetic and Breeding Department of Research Institute of Fruit Growing Pitesti, Romania on 13 Romanian genotypes (‘Daria’, ‘Maria’, ‘Radu’, ‘Izverna’, ‘Tentant’, ‘Colina’, ‘Superb’, ‘Rubin’, ‘Simbol’, ‘Severin’, ‘H 04-4-38’, ‘H 06-3-77’, ‘H 06-11-57’) and 11 foreign cultivars (‘Kordia’, ‘Regina’, ‘Sweetheart’, ‘Karina’, ‘Vanda’, ‘Hertfort’, ‘Areko’, ‘Lapins’, ‘Penny’, ‘Folfer’, ‘Bigarreau Burlat’), in 2021 and 2022 years. The following determinations were carried out: fruit size by weighing, flesh firmness with penetrometer non-destructive Qualitest, soluble solids content with digital refractometer and pH with Hanna HI 84532 minititrator, such as sensory evaluation of fruits using a scale from 1 (very low) to 9 (very good). The results showed that the foreign cultivars were superior to the Romanian genotypes from the point of view of the size and fruits quality. Thus, on foreign cvs., the average fruit weight was 9.31 g, while on Romanian ones of 8.39 g. The soluble solids content of fruits was higher on foreign cvs. compared to the Romanian ones (15,59% Brix respectively 14.75% Brix). On the other hand, after the sensory evaluation of the fruits, the total score was slightly higher for the Romanian genotypes (51.20) compared to the foreign ones (51.08). For Romanian consumers the most important characteristics when choosing the cherry fruits are: taste - which must be sweet or medium sweet; size - which must be large and very large; colour – red and dark red; firmness – firm and very firm fruits. These results could be useful to breeders for selection the cultivars as genitors in controlled hybridization, to farmers for correct selection of cultivars on establishing new orchards, and to the fruit market for fresh consumption.","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139007565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-12DOI: 10.33045/fgr.v39.2023.15
I. Zagrai, L. Zagrai, G. Guzu
‘HoneySweet’ is a genetically engineered plum resistant to Plum pox virus. Potential risks such as its impact on the diversity and dynamics of indigenous aphid populations was assessed. The study compared winged population of aphids visiting transgenic and conventional plums under continental temperate climatic conditions of Romania. The experimental analysis was conducted during three years (2016-2018) within an experimental plot containing transgenic (‘HoneySweet’) and conventional (‘Reine Claude d’Althan’ and ‘Stanley’) plums. This study revealed a similarity of both flight curves and the number and species of aphids landing on the two types of plum. Overall results showed no statistically differences between aphid species visiting the three cultivars, respectively the two types of plum. Consequently, our results support the hypothesis of the neutral effect of the transgenic plum on indigenous populations of aphids.
蜂蜜甜 "是一种抗李痘病毒的基因工程李子。该研究评估了其潜在风险，如对本地蚜虫种群多样性和动态的影响。该研究比较了在罗马尼亚大陆性温带气候条件下，蚜虫在转基因李子和传统李子上的有翅种群。实验分析在包含转基因李子（"HoneySweet"）和传统李子（"Reine Claude d'Althan "和 "Stanley"）的实验区内进行，历时三年（2016-2018 年）。这项研究显示，两种李子上的蚜虫飞行曲线、数量和种类都很相似。总体结果表明，三种栽培品种和两种李子上的蚜虫种类在统计学上没有差异。因此，我们的研究结果支持转基因李子对本地蚜虫种群无影响的假设。
{"title":"HONEYSWEET TRANSGENIC PLUM HAS A NEUTRAL EFFECT ON DIVERSITY AND DYNAMICS APHID POPULATION UNDER TEMPERATE CONTINENTAL CLIMATE CONDITIONS","authors":"I. Zagrai, L. Zagrai, G. Guzu","doi":"10.33045/fgr.v39.2023.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33045/fgr.v39.2023.15","url":null,"abstract":"‘HoneySweet’ is a genetically engineered plum resistant to Plum pox virus. Potential risks such as its impact on the diversity and dynamics of indigenous aphid populations was assessed. The study compared winged population of aphids visiting transgenic and conventional plums under continental temperate climatic conditions of Romania. The experimental analysis was conducted during three years (2016-2018) within an experimental plot containing transgenic (‘HoneySweet’) and conventional (‘Reine Claude d’Althan’ and ‘Stanley’) plums. This study revealed a similarity of both flight curves and the number and species of aphids landing on the two types of plum. Overall results showed no statistically differences between aphid species visiting the three cultivars, respectively the two types of plum. Consequently, our results support the hypothesis of the neutral effect of the transgenic plum on indigenous populations of aphids.","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":"9 S1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139010187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-12DOI: 10.33045/fgr.v39.2023.04
Mihaiela Erculescu
Between 2019 and 2022, observations and determinations were made regarding the blooming phenology, productive potential, harvest maturity and fruit quality for a number of 35 apple varieties from the National Collection located at Research Station for Fruit Growing Voineşti, in order to identify potential parents, useful for the breeding program and sustainable development of apple growing. The national apple collection was released gradually, being permanently supplemented with new varieties of autochthonous and foreign origin. Currently, it has 696 genotypes, with a great variability and diversity of pomological characteristics. The planting distance is 4 m between row and 3 m between trees, the trees are grafted on 'M26' rootstock, with 3 trees / genotype. As a result of this study, a large variability of characters with significant differences was recorded. Example: the beginning of blooming varied from early to late and very late blooming; the average fruit weight (values between 75.25 g and 259.5 g); the dry matter varied from 10.62 to 16.83%; fruit firmness (between 5.66 and 12.63 kgf/cm2); the fruit ripening period (July-August for summer varieties till December-April for winter varieties). The paper recommends some cultivars with positive characteristics to use as parents in breeding work.
{"title":"EVALUATION OF SOME APPLE VARIETIES FROM THE NATIONAL COLLECTION FROM RSFG VOINEȘTI","authors":"Mihaiela Erculescu","doi":"10.33045/fgr.v39.2023.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33045/fgr.v39.2023.04","url":null,"abstract":"Between 2019 and 2022, observations and determinations were made regarding the blooming phenology, productive potential, harvest maturity and fruit quality for a number of 35 apple varieties from the National Collection located at Research Station for Fruit Growing Voineşti, in order to identify potential parents, useful for the breeding program and sustainable development of apple growing. The national apple collection was released gradually, being permanently supplemented with new varieties of autochthonous and foreign origin. Currently, it has 696 genotypes, with a great variability and diversity of pomological characteristics. The planting distance is 4 m between row and 3 m between trees, the trees are grafted on 'M26' rootstock, with 3 trees / genotype. As a result of this study, a large variability of characters with significant differences was recorded. Example: the beginning of blooming varied from early to late and very late blooming; the average fruit weight (values between 75.25 g and 259.5 g); the dry matter varied from 10.62 to 16.83%; fruit firmness (between 5.66 and 12.63 kgf/cm2); the fruit ripening period (July-August for summer varieties till December-April for winter varieties). The paper recommends some cultivars with positive characteristics to use as parents in breeding work.","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139006824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-12DOI: 10.33045/fgr.v39.2023.11
E. Chițu, Mihail Coman, M. Călinescu, I. Mazilu, Elena Mateescu, Florin Plăiașu
The warming trends of Romania's climate create increasingly favorable conditions for the cultivation of some new and subtropical species. However, the absolute minimum temperatures in the winter period do not follow a statistically assured increasing trend in all months, and this is not similar throughout the country. The objective of this work was to identify the areas in Romania where the climatic conditions are suitable for growing goji berry (Lycium barbarum L. and L. chinense Mill.), mulberry (Morus rubra L. and M. alba L.), kiwi (Actinidia deliciousa A. Chev., A. arguta Siebold & Zucc and A. kolomikta Rupr. et Maxim.) and pawpaw species (Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal), by using mathematical models. The areas where the minimum and cardinal temperatures of the growing season, its duration and annual rainfall are the most suitable for the growth and development of new species have been identified. The winter absolute minimum temperatures were recorded with a probability of 25%, which falls below the frost resistance limit of the species Actinidia deliciousa A. Chev. (-17°C), Lycium chinense Mill. (-23°C) and Lycium barbarum L. (-25°C), represented the limiting climatic factor of the spatial distribution of these species. Most of Romania's territory, except for mountainous areas, is suitable for growing mulberry, pawpaw (Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal), Actinidia kolomikta Rupr. et Maxim. and Actinidia arguta Siebold & Zucc species, which have frost hardiness limits of -28°C, -30°C, -39°C and -31°C respectively. Irrigation of all studied crops increased the whole country's average suitability score from 1.56 to 2.35 in the 0-4 range (0 unsuitable and 4 highly suitable) and expanded the areas of species' suitability. The heterogeneity and dynamics of climatic factors on the territory of Romania emphasize the importance of models for computing climate suitability as a decision tool in the establishment of goji berry, mulberry, kiwi, and pawpaw orchards.
罗马尼亚气候变暖的趋势为一些亚热带新品种的种植创造了越来越有利的条件。然而，冬季的绝对最低气温并不是在所有月份都呈统计学意义上的增长趋势，全国各地的情况也不尽相同。这项工作的目的是确定罗马尼亚哪些地区的气候条件适合种植枸杞（Lycium barbarum L. 和 L. chinense Mill.）、桑葚（Morus rubra L. 和 M. alba L.）、猕猴桃（Actinidia deliciousa A. Chev、arguta Siebold & Zucc 和 A. kolomikta Rupr. et Maxim.）以及掌叶树（Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal）。确定了生长季节最低温度和最高温度、持续时间和年降雨量最适合新物种生长和发育的地区。冬季绝对最低温度的概率为 25%，低于 Actinidia deliciousa A. Chev.(-23°C)和枸杞 (-25°C)，是这些物种空间分布的限制性气候因素。除山区外，罗马尼亚大部分地区都适合种植桑树、掌叶（Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal）、Actinidia kolomikta Rupr. et Maxim.和 Actinidia arguta Siebold & Zucc 等物种，其耐寒极限分别为 -28°C、-30°C、-39°C 和 -31°C。对所有研究作物进行灌溉使全国的平均适宜度从 1.56 提高到 2.35（0 分不适宜，4 分非常适宜），并扩大了物种的适宜区域。罗马尼亚境内气候因素的异质性和动态性强调了计算气候适宜性模型的重要性，该模型是建立枸杞、桑葚、猕猴桃和掌果果园的决策工具。
{"title":"ZONING GOJI BERRY, MULBERRY, KIWI AND PAWPAW SPECIES IN ROMANIA, IN THE CONDITIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGES","authors":"E. Chițu, Mihail Coman, M. Călinescu, I. Mazilu, Elena Mateescu, Florin Plăiașu","doi":"10.33045/fgr.v39.2023.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33045/fgr.v39.2023.11","url":null,"abstract":"The warming trends of Romania's climate create increasingly favorable conditions for the cultivation of some new and subtropical species. However, the absolute minimum temperatures in the winter period do not follow a statistically assured increasing trend in all months, and this is not similar throughout the country. The objective of this work was to identify the areas in Romania where the climatic conditions are suitable for growing goji berry (Lycium barbarum L. and L. chinense Mill.), mulberry (Morus rubra L. and M. alba L.), kiwi (Actinidia deliciousa A. Chev., A. arguta Siebold & Zucc and A. kolomikta Rupr. et Maxim.) and pawpaw species (Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal), by using mathematical models. The areas where the minimum and cardinal temperatures of the growing season, its duration and annual rainfall are the most suitable for the growth and development of new species have been identified. The winter absolute minimum temperatures were recorded with a probability of 25%, which falls below the frost resistance limit of the species Actinidia deliciousa A. Chev. (-17°C), Lycium chinense Mill. (-23°C) and Lycium barbarum L. (-25°C), represented the limiting climatic factor of the spatial distribution of these species. Most of Romania's territory, except for mountainous areas, is suitable for growing mulberry, pawpaw (Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal), Actinidia kolomikta Rupr. et Maxim. and Actinidia arguta Siebold & Zucc species, which have frost hardiness limits of -28°C, -30°C, -39°C and -31°C respectively. Irrigation of all studied crops increased the whole country's average suitability score from 1.56 to 2.35 in the 0-4 range (0 unsuitable and 4 highly suitable) and expanded the areas of species' suitability. The heterogeneity and dynamics of climatic factors on the territory of Romania emphasize the importance of models for computing climate suitability as a decision tool in the establishment of goji berry, mulberry, kiwi, and pawpaw orchards.","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":"15 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139007398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-12DOI: 10.33045/fgr.v39.2023.13
Cristian Marin, M. Călinescu, M. Sumedrea, E. Chițu
Nowadays, the average values of the main parameters of the local climate and microclimate have changed significantly compared to the pre-industrial period. The immediate consequences are quite obvious, namely: the earlier initiation of vegetation of the most fruit tree species (with about 2 weeks), the increase in the frequency of damages caused by late spring frosts, the prolongation of periods of water stress into the soil and in the atmosphere, accompanied by the blocking photosynthetic activity and increased cell respiration, increased frequency and severity of burns on fruits through the combined effect of insolation and extremely high temperatures, earlier ripening and decreased fruit firmness and acidity. Changes have become obvious in the biological cycle of pests, harmful for fruit growing, especially by the appearance of additional generations with high aggressiveness, the increase of the risk, frequency, intensity and duration of the attack of pathogens. In fruit growing, the depletion of the level and quality of the harvest is caused by bacterial and fungal pathogens (over 155; 41%), pests (over 132; 35%), viruses, viroids and mycoplasmas (over 67; 17%) and dominant mono- and dicots (over 26; 7%). In the last 20 years, technical means have appeared, which allow the monitoring the physico-chemical and humidity parameters of the soil, the local microclimate, as well as the physiological and health status of the plants. The paper presents the results obtained in the period 2018-2022 at RIFG Pitesti-Mărăcineni, in the monitoring of some harmful agents, using independent analog or digital devices, automatic or semi-automatic weather stations with software for real-time data collection and processing, forecasting and warning modules of the risk of attack. These assets allowed the highlighting of the dynamics of some of the damaging agents in fruit growing, the professional scheduling and carrying out of phytosanitary actions in bearing orchards, the reduction of the allocated resources consumption and the protection of the environment.
{"title":"THE DYNAMIC MONITORING OF SOME DAMAGING AGENTS IN FRUIT GROWING RELATED TO CLIMATE CHANGES OF LAST DECADE","authors":"Cristian Marin, M. Călinescu, M. Sumedrea, E. Chițu","doi":"10.33045/fgr.v39.2023.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33045/fgr.v39.2023.13","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, the average values of the main parameters of the local climate and microclimate have changed significantly compared to the pre-industrial period. The immediate consequences are quite obvious, namely: the earlier initiation of vegetation of the most fruit tree species (with about 2 weeks), the increase in the frequency of damages caused by late spring frosts, the prolongation of periods of water stress into the soil and in the atmosphere, accompanied by the blocking photosynthetic activity and increased cell respiration, increased frequency and severity of burns on fruits through the combined effect of insolation and extremely high temperatures, earlier ripening and decreased fruit firmness and acidity. Changes have become obvious in the biological cycle of pests, harmful for fruit growing, especially by the appearance of additional generations with high aggressiveness, the increase of the risk, frequency, intensity and duration of the attack of pathogens. In fruit growing, the depletion of the level and quality of the harvest is caused by bacterial and fungal pathogens (over 155; 41%), pests (over 132; 35%), viruses, viroids and mycoplasmas (over 67; 17%) and dominant mono- and dicots (over 26; 7%). In the last 20 years, technical means have appeared, which allow the monitoring the physico-chemical and humidity parameters of the soil, the local microclimate, as well as the physiological and health status of the plants. The paper presents the results obtained in the period 2018-2022 at RIFG Pitesti-Mărăcineni, in the monitoring of some harmful agents, using independent analog or digital devices, automatic or semi-automatic weather stations with software for real-time data collection and processing, forecasting and warning modules of the risk of attack. These assets allowed the highlighting of the dynamics of some of the damaging agents in fruit growing, the professional scheduling and carrying out of phytosanitary actions in bearing orchards, the reduction of the allocated resources consumption and the protection of the environment.","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":"52 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139007063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-12DOI: 10.33045/fgr.v39.2023.06
Oana Hera, M. Sturzeanu, M. Paraschiv, L. Vîjan
Breeding highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) is a goal for many researchers, as many blueberry cultivars are cultivated worldwide mainly due to their biochemical composition that can reduce the risk of many diseases. The study was carried out over a period of three years to evaluate fruit size, average weight per fruit, firmness, but also the total content of bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, tannins and carotenoids, along with vitamin content. C, total sugar, extracted from frozen blueberries. Three blueberry cultivars ('Delicia', 'Northblue' and 'Duke'), an advanced selection ('4/6') and their hybrid progeny ('Delicia x Duke', 'Delicia x Northblue', ' Delicia x 4/6') were evaluated. The plants were grown at the Research Institute for Fruit Growing, Pitesti, Romania in open field studies in a randomized block with three replications (5 plants/genotype/replication). The research carried out showed the following: average weight/plant recorded values between 1.42 g (hybrid 16-12-10) and 2.47 g ('4/6'), fruit firmness showed variations from 13.9 N .('Northblue') to 29.37 N ('Delicia'), soluble dry matter 11.4°Brix (16-12-15) and 17.01°Brix (16-20-22), polyphenols oscillated from 114.98 (16-12-19) to 1,652 mg GAE/100g (16-20-12), vitamin C had a lower level of 2.3% and the upper level of 16.86% (16 - 9-10). These results indicate the importance of the blueberry species for its breeding and its role in health and nutrition.
培育高丛蓝莓（Vaccinium corymbosum L.）是许多研究人员的目标，因为全世界种植的许多蓝莓栽培品种主要是由于其生化成分可以降低许多疾病的风险。这项研究历时三年，不仅要评估果实大小、平均单果重量、坚硬度，还要评估生物活性化合物的总含量，如多酚、类黄酮、花青素、单宁和类胡萝卜素，以及维生素含量。C 是指从冷冻蓝莓中提取的总糖。对三个蓝莓栽培品种（"Delicia"、"Northblue "和 "Duke"）、一个高级选育品种（"4/6"）及其杂交后代（"Delicia x Duke"、"Delicia x Northblue"、"Delicia x 4/6"）进行了评估。这些植物在罗马尼亚皮特什蒂水果种植研究所的露地研究中生长，采用随机区组，三次重复（5 株/基因型/重复）。研究结果表明：平均单株重量介于 1.42 克（杂交种 16-12-10）和 2.47 克（'4/6'）之间，果实硬度从 13.9 N（'Northblue'）到 29.37 N（'Delicia'）不等。可溶性干物质为 11.4°Brix（16-12-15）和 17.01°Brix（16-20-22），多酚含量从 114.98（16-12-19）到 1,652 毫克 GAE/100克（16-20-12）不等，维生素 C 含量较低为 2.3%，较高为 16.86%（16-9-10）。这些结果表明了蓝莓品种对其育种的重要性及其在健康和营养方面的作用。
{"title":"RESEARCHES ON THE BIOCHEMICAL CONTENT OF FRUITS IN SOME BLUEBERRY HYBRID PROGENY","authors":"Oana Hera, M. Sturzeanu, M. Paraschiv, L. Vîjan","doi":"10.33045/fgr.v39.2023.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33045/fgr.v39.2023.06","url":null,"abstract":"Breeding highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) is a goal for many researchers, as many blueberry cultivars are cultivated worldwide mainly due to their biochemical composition that can reduce the risk of many diseases. The study was carried out over a period of three years to evaluate fruit size, average weight per fruit, firmness, but also the total content of bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, tannins and carotenoids, along with vitamin content. C, total sugar, extracted from frozen blueberries. Three blueberry cultivars ('Delicia', 'Northblue' and 'Duke'), an advanced selection ('4/6') and their hybrid progeny ('Delicia x Duke', 'Delicia x Northblue', ' Delicia x 4/6') were evaluated. The plants were grown at the Research Institute for Fruit Growing, Pitesti, Romania in open field studies in a randomized block with three replications (5 plants/genotype/replication). The research carried out showed the following: average weight/plant recorded values between 1.42 g (hybrid 16-12-10) and 2.47 g ('4/6'), fruit firmness showed variations from 13.9 N .('Northblue') to 29.37 N ('Delicia'), soluble dry matter 11.4°Brix (16-12-15) and 17.01°Brix (16-20-22), polyphenols oscillated from 114.98 (16-12-19) to 1,652 mg GAE/100g (16-20-12), vitamin C had a lower level of 2.3% and the upper level of 16.86% (16 - 9-10). These results indicate the importance of the blueberry species for its breeding and its role in health and nutrition.","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":"43 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139007172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-12DOI: 10.33045/fgr.v39.2023.20
M. Paraschiv, Claudia Nicola
Blueberries, considered non-climacteric fruits, must be harvested at optimal ripeness for consumption. Due to the high water content, the storage life of the fruit is very short. The loss of water accelerates the senescence of the fruits, simultaneously with the deterioration of the biochemical quality of the fruits. This study provides a systematic evaluation of the observed changes in water content, total dry matter, sugars, organic acids and vitamin C in blueberries, under refrigerated conditions at 4°C, starting at the time of fruit harvesting and continuing in the interval 7, 14, 30, 45 days after harvesting. The study was conducted on two blueberry varieties Delicia and Bluecrop. The loss of water content observed and through the weight loss of the fruit caused the increase in the level of sugars and total dry matter per mass unit. The degradation of organic acids and vitamin C in fruits was influenced by the duration of storage. The obtained results were also significantly influenced by the genetic characteristics of the variety or the year of the study.
蓝莓被认为是非成熟水果，必须在最佳成熟度时采摘才能食用。由于含水量高，水果的储藏寿命非常短。水分的流失加速了果实的衰老，同时导致果实的生化质量下降。本研究系统地评估了蓝莓在 4°C 的冷藏条件下，从果实采收时开始到采收后 7、14、30 和 45 天期间，在含水量、总干物质、糖、有机酸和维生素 C 方面观察到的变化。这项研究针对两个蓝莓品种 Delicia 和 Bluecrop 进行。观察到的含水量损失和果实重量损失导致单位质量的糖分和总干物质水平上升。水果中有机酸和维生素 C 的降解受贮藏时间的影响。品种的遗传特性或研究年份也对结果有很大影响。
{"title":"DYNAMICS OF BIOCHEMICAL INDICATORS OF HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRIES DURING POSTHARVEST STORAGE","authors":"M. Paraschiv, Claudia Nicola","doi":"10.33045/fgr.v39.2023.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33045/fgr.v39.2023.20","url":null,"abstract":"Blueberries, considered non-climacteric fruits, must be harvested at optimal ripeness for consumption. Due to the high water content, the storage life of the fruit is very short. The loss of water accelerates the senescence of the fruits, simultaneously with the deterioration of the biochemical quality of the fruits. This study provides a systematic evaluation of the observed changes in water content, total dry matter, sugars, organic acids and vitamin C in blueberries, under refrigerated conditions at 4°C, starting at the time of fruit harvesting and continuing in the interval 7, 14, 30, 45 days after harvesting. The study was conducted on two blueberry varieties Delicia and Bluecrop. The loss of water content observed and through the weight loss of the fruit caused the increase in the level of sugars and total dry matter per mass unit. The degradation of organic acids and vitamin C in fruits was influenced by the duration of storage. The obtained results were also significantly influenced by the genetic characteristics of the variety or the year of the study.","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139008530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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