Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.48130/frures-2023-0018
D. Mao, Lei Zhong, Xiya Zhao, Li Wang
Ginkgo biloba is an important economic tree species. Due to the abundance of secondary metabolites in the tree, Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) is used as a medicine, food supplement, and nutraceutical. Flavonoids are the most active components in GbE. There is increasing evidence that external and internal factors affect flavonoid synthesis. The publication of the G. biloba genome significantly improved functional analyses of key genes, transcription factors, and non-coding RNAs involved in flavonoid synthesis. Here, we review progress on understanding the mechanisms of external and internal factors that affect the synthesis and accumulation of flavonoids in G. biloba . We highlight recent achievements that have greatly advanced our understanding of the functions of key genes for flavonoid synthesis. In addition, we discuss novel insights into the metabolic regulation network of flavonoids in G. biloba .
{"title":"Function, biosynthesis, and regulation mechanisms of flavonoids in Ginkgo biloba","authors":"D. Mao, Lei Zhong, Xiya Zhao, Li Wang","doi":"10.48130/frures-2023-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48130/frures-2023-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Ginkgo biloba is an important economic tree species. Due to the abundance of secondary metabolites in the tree, Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) is used as a medicine, food supplement, and nutraceutical. Flavonoids are the most active components in GbE. There is increasing evidence that external and internal factors affect flavonoid synthesis. The publication of the G. biloba genome significantly improved functional analyses of key genes, transcription factors, and non-coding RNAs involved in flavonoid synthesis. Here, we review progress on understanding the mechanisms of external and internal factors that affect the synthesis and accumulation of flavonoids in G. biloba . We highlight recent achievements that have greatly advanced our understanding of the functions of key genes for flavonoid synthesis. In addition, we discuss novel insights into the metabolic regulation network of flavonoids in G. biloba .","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88137878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Metabolomic analyses provides insight into the fruit nutritional and sensory attributes among 'Guanxi' pummelo and its bud mutants","authors":"Xinxin Zhang, Zhijun Fu, Lingchao Kong, Jinyu Zhou, Tengfei Pan, Yuan Yu","doi":"10.48130/frures-2023-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48130/frures-2023-0006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89683144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The grapevine is an important and economically valuable fruit crop, with flower sex being a key genetic trait that directly affects grapevine yield and quality. Despite its significance, there is a lack of studies on sex-linked molecular markers that can assist in grapevine breeding. In this study, we developed a grapevine single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker array using a combination of genotyping by target sequencing (GBTS) and capture-in-solution technology, and applied it to marker-assisted selection (MAS) of grapevine gender. The SNP array could detect a total of 20,597 core SNPs and 97,453 multiple SNPs (mSNPs), covering over 99% of the grapevine genome on each chromosome. A total of 131 progenies from a cross between Vitis vinifera 'Cabernet Sauvignon' and Vitis pseudoreticulata 'Huadong1058' that exhibited segregated sex phenotypes were sequenced using this array. Through locus mapping and a genome-wide association study (GWAS), a locus on chromosome 2 (54.74-58.80 cM) that explained 98.6% of the phenotypic variation was identified. To the further utilize this locus, a sex prediction marker combination consisting of two SNPs was developed, which accurately predicted the sex of 34 natural grapevine varieties/accessions. This study demonstrates the application of GBTS in grapevine breeding and provides a reliable MAS marker set for early-stage sex selectio
{"title":"Identification of Sex Determination Locus and Development of Marker Combination in <i>Vitis</i> Based on Genotyping by Target Sequencing","authors":"Bohan Yang, Wei Wu, Junli Lv, Jiangyu Li, Yanfen Xu, Ling Yin, Jiang Lu, Peining Fu","doi":"10.48130/frures-2023-0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48130/frures-2023-0031","url":null,"abstract":"The grapevine is an important and economically valuable fruit crop, with flower sex being a key genetic trait that directly affects grapevine yield and quality. Despite its significance, there is a lack of studies on sex-linked molecular markers that can assist in grapevine breeding. In this study, we developed a grapevine single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker array using a combination of genotyping by target sequencing (GBTS) and capture-in-solution technology, and applied it to marker-assisted selection (MAS) of grapevine gender. The SNP array could detect a total of 20,597 core SNPs and 97,453 multiple SNPs (mSNPs), covering over 99% of the grapevine genome on each chromosome. A total of 131 progenies from a cross between <italic>Vitis vinifera</italic> 'Cabernet Sauvignon' and <italic>Vitis pseudoreticulata</italic> 'Huadong1058' that exhibited segregated sex phenotypes were sequenced using this array. Through locus mapping and a genome-wide association study (GWAS), a locus on chromosome 2 (54.74-58.80 cM) that explained 98.6% of the phenotypic variation was identified. To the further utilize this locus, a sex prediction marker combination consisting of two SNPs was developed, which accurately predicted the sex of 34 natural grapevine varieties/accessions. This study demonstrates the application of GBTS in grapevine breeding and provides a reliable MAS marker set for early-stage sex selectio","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135495705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Molecular characterization of 39 late-mature peach (Prunus persica L.) accessions was carried out using the ISSR (inter simple sequence repeats) and SRAP (sequence-related amplified polymorphism) markers to assess the value and magnitude of genetic divergence. The ISSR primers revealed 70.09% polymorphism and the SRAP marker generated 73.33% polymorphism. Pooled ISSR and SRAP, along with UPGMA clustering based on similarity coefficients, were estimated to assess the efficiency of the marker system in peaches. Similarity coefficients between accessions regarding the ISSR and SRAP markers ranged from 0.65 to 0.89, indicating a broad genetic peach base. A maximum similarity coefficient of 0.89 was observed between C12 'Weiduanmihong' (Fujian Yikangyuan Farm Co., Ltd., 26.58°N, 118.75°E) and C32 'Weiduanmihong' (WeiduanVillage, 26.58°N, 118.75°E), and a minimum of 0.65 was observed in C6 'Huangjinmitao 5' (Gutian Natural Pantaoyuan Family Farm, 26.58°N, 118.75°E) and the rest of the genotypes. The present study found that a high level of polymorphism indicated their applicability in framing more extensive studies to develop superior progeny, conduct molecular breeding, investigate genetic population diversity, make comparative maps, select parents, etc., in various peach crop improvement programs.
{"title":"Analysis of genetic diversity and relationships between late-mature peach (<i>Prunus persica</i> L.) varieties assessed with ISSR and SRAP Markers","authors":"Wen Li, Yujie Ma, Yidan Kou, Zhifang Zeng, Dongliang Qiu, Cuilan Ma","doi":"10.48130/frures-2023-0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48130/frures-2023-0036","url":null,"abstract":"Molecular characterization of 39 late-mature peach (<italic>Prunus persica</italic> L.) accessions was carried out using the ISSR (inter simple sequence repeats) and SRAP (sequence-related amplified polymorphism) markers to assess the value and magnitude of genetic divergence. The ISSR primers revealed 70.09% polymorphism and the SRAP marker generated 73.33% polymorphism. Pooled ISSR and SRAP, along with UPGMA clustering based on similarity coefficients, were estimated to assess the efficiency of the marker system in peaches. Similarity coefficients between accessions regarding the ISSR and SRAP markers ranged from 0.65 to 0.89, indicating a broad genetic peach base. A maximum similarity coefficient of 0.89 was observed between C12 'Weiduanmihong' (Fujian Yikangyuan Farm Co., Ltd., 26.58°N, 118.75°E) and C32 'Weiduanmihong' (WeiduanVillage, 26.58°N, 118.75°E), and a minimum of 0.65 was observed in C6 'Huangjinmitao 5' (Gutian Natural Pantaoyuan Family Farm, 26.58°N, 118.75°E) and the rest of the genotypes. The present study found that a high level of polymorphism indicated their applicability in framing more extensive studies to develop superior progeny, conduct molecular breeding, investigate genetic population diversity, make comparative maps, select parents, etc., in various peach crop improvement programs.","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135105921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Changes in fruit anthocyanins, their biosynthesis-related enzymes and related genes during fruit development of purple and yellow passion fruits","authors":"Meng Shi, Muhammad Moaaz Ali, Kaiwei Sun, Shaista Gull, Xiaobo Hu, Viola Kayima, Shifeng Cai, You-Tang Hou, Faxing Chen","doi":"10.48130/frures-2023-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48130/frures-2023-0017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80751647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pi starvation severely affects the normal growth and development of plants. In this study, MdSAT1 , a Pi-responsive bHLH transcription factor, was isolated from apples. Ectopic expression of MdAST1 in Arabidops is in increased the number of lateral roots and root tips, as well as the transcript levels of genes related to Pi uptake and transport; thus, improving Pi utilization in response to a Pi deficiency. Moreover, ectopic expression of MdSAT1 significantly accelerated flowering and leaf senescence in Arabidopsis under a Pi deficiency. Taken together, the present study provides a basis for an in-depth investigation of the mechanisms of MdSAT1 on apple Pi uptake and utilization as well as plant growth and development. Citation: Li T, Feng Z, Yang Y, Li M,
{"title":"Functional identification of the bHLH transcription factor MdSAT1 in the phosphate deficiency response","authors":"Tong Li, Ziquan Feng, Yuying Yang, Mingli Li, Guodong Li, Chunxiang You, Wensheng Gao, Xiaofei Wang","doi":"10.48130/frures-2023-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48130/frures-2023-0026","url":null,"abstract":"Pi starvation severely affects the normal growth and development of plants. In this study, MdSAT1 , a Pi-responsive bHLH transcription factor, was isolated from apples. Ectopic expression of MdAST1 in Arabidops is in increased the number of lateral roots and root tips, as well as the transcript levels of genes related to Pi uptake and transport; thus, improving Pi utilization in response to a Pi deficiency. Moreover, ectopic expression of MdSAT1 significantly accelerated flowering and leaf senescence in Arabidopsis under a Pi deficiency. Taken together, the present study provides a basis for an in-depth investigation of the mechanisms of MdSAT1 on apple Pi uptake and utilization as well as plant growth and development. Citation: Li T, Feng Z, Yang Y, Li M,","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80955663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.48130/frures-2023-0020
S. L. Teh, Zara B. York, K. Evans
{"title":"Genetic mapping and haploblock characterization of two novel major dwarfing loci in reciprocal Pyrus rootstock seedling families","authors":"S. L. Teh, Zara B. York, K. Evans","doi":"10.48130/frures-2023-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48130/frures-2023-0020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87294022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.48130/frures-2023-0035
Sicheng Guo, Liyuan Gu, Yajie Zhang, Yingxia Wu, Bin Tan, Xianbo Zheng, Xia Ye, Jun Cheng, Wei Wang, Shuwen Bi, Zesen Qiao, Yujing Huang, Peng Chen, Jidong Li, Jiancan Feng
The jujube witches' broom (JWB) disease, called "Zaofeng" disease in Chinese, is associated with the JWB phytoplasma ('Candidatus Phytoplasma ziziphi') and causes heavy losses in the jujube industry. JWB disease has been recorded since the 1950s. Diseased trees have symptoms such as shoot proliferation, leaf-like flowers. The JWB phytoplasma is assigned to the 16SrV group, subgroup 16SrV-B, according to 16S rRNA gene sequence. The JWB phytoplasma is transmitted by leafhoppers and can infect a few plants other than jujube. Infection with phytoplasma affects biochemical and physiological process, altering the expression of genes encoding some transcription factors and functional genes, mainly involved in biotic stress response. The genome of JWB phytoplasma 'nky' strain has been sequenced and consists of 750,803 bp within one circular chromosome that encodes 694 protein-coding genes. The pathogenic mechanisms of a few JWB phytoplasma effectors have been investigated. The presence of JWB phytoplasma has been detected through symptoms observation, ELISA, DAPI staining and PCR, but new techniques, such as LAMP and CRISPR/Cas-12 based visual assay, have recently been developed. Some resistant jujube cultivars have been selected by infection screening. Although treatment with tetracycline antibiotics is effective, comprehensive control measures, including orchard management and sanitary measures, are needed for disease control. Further studies are needed in development of JWB phytoplasma culture method, expansion of genomic information, and phytoplasma effectors, resistance-related gene identification and resistant genotype developing.
{"title":"Jujube Witches' Broom (\"Zaofeng\") Disease: Bacteria that Drive the Plants Crazy","authors":"Sicheng Guo, Liyuan Gu, Yajie Zhang, Yingxia Wu, Bin Tan, Xianbo Zheng, Xia Ye, Jun Cheng, Wei Wang, Shuwen Bi, Zesen Qiao, Yujing Huang, Peng Chen, Jidong Li, Jiancan Feng","doi":"10.48130/frures-2023-0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48130/frures-2023-0035","url":null,"abstract":"The jujube witches' broom (JWB) disease, called \"Zaofeng\" disease in Chinese, is associated with the JWB phytoplasma ('<italic>Candidatus</italic> Phytoplasma ziziphi') and causes heavy losses in the jujube industry. JWB disease has been recorded since the 1950s. Diseased trees have symptoms such as shoot proliferation, leaf-like flowers. The JWB phytoplasma is assigned to the 16SrV group, subgroup 16SrV-B, according to 16S rRNA gene sequence. The JWB phytoplasma is transmitted by leafhoppers and can infect a few plants other than jujube. Infection with phytoplasma affects biochemical and physiological process, altering the expression of genes encoding some transcription factors and functional genes, mainly involved in biotic stress response. The genome of JWB phytoplasma 'nky' strain has been sequenced and consists of 750,803 bp within one circular chromosome that encodes 694 protein-coding genes. The pathogenic mechanisms of a few JWB phytoplasma effectors have been investigated. The presence of JWB phytoplasma has been detected through symptoms observation, ELISA, DAPI staining and PCR, but new techniques, such as LAMP and CRISPR/Cas-12 based visual assay, have recently been developed. Some resistant jujube cultivars have been selected by infection screening. Although treatment with tetracycline antibiotics is effective, comprehensive control measures, including orchard management and sanitary measures, are needed for disease control. Further studies are needed in development of JWB phytoplasma culture method, expansion of genomic information, and phytoplasma effectors, resistance-related gene identification and resistant genotype developing.","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136209198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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