Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.48130/frures-2023-0005
Juxun Wu
{"title":"Long-distance genome editing in grafted plants using tRNA like sequence and CRISPR/Cas9 system","authors":"Juxun Wu","doi":"10.48130/frures-2023-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48130/frures-2023-0005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72893211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.48130/frures-2023-0011
T. Davies, S. Myles
{"title":"Pool-seq of diverse apple germplasm reveals candidate loci underlying ripening time, phenolic content, and softening","authors":"T. Davies, S. Myles","doi":"10.48130/frures-2023-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48130/frures-2023-0011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84291003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.48130/frures-2023-0032
Sophie Watts, Zoë Migicovsky, Sean Myles
Apple quality traits such as fruit texture, sugar content, and firmness retention during storage are key targets for breeders. Understanding the genetic control of fruit quality traits can enable the development of genetic markers, useful for marker-assisted breeding of new apple cultivars. We made use of over 260,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyped across 1,054 apple accessions from Canada's Apple Biodiversity Collection to perform genome-wide association for 21 fruit quality and phenology traits. We identified two loci on chromosome 15 and 16 associated with phenolic content and a locus on chromosome 10 associated with softening. In addition, we determined that allelic variation at the NAC18.1 transcription factor was associated with numerous traits including harvest date, firmness at harvest, and firmness after storage. Our analyses suggest that NAC18.1 independently acts as a high level regulator of multiple ripening related traits and we propose a model for the allelic effects at NAC18.1 on apple ripening and softening.
{"title":"Large-scale apple GWAS reveals <i>NAC18.1</i> as a master regulator of ripening traits","authors":"Sophie Watts, Zoë Migicovsky, Sean Myles","doi":"10.48130/frures-2023-0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48130/frures-2023-0032","url":null,"abstract":"Apple quality traits such as fruit texture, sugar content, and firmness retention during storage are key targets for breeders. Understanding the genetic control of fruit quality traits can enable the development of genetic markers, useful for marker-assisted breeding of new apple cultivars. We made use of over 260,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyped across 1,054 apple accessions from Canada's Apple Biodiversity Collection to perform genome-wide association for 21 fruit quality and phenology traits. We identified two loci on chromosome 15 and 16 associated with phenolic content and a locus on chromosome 10 associated with softening. In addition, we determined that allelic variation at the <italic>NAC18.1</italic> transcription factor was associated with numerous traits including harvest date, firmness at harvest, and firmness after storage. Our analyses suggest that <italic>NAC18.1</italic> independently acts as a high level regulator of multiple ripening related traits and we propose a model for the allelic effects at <italic>NAC18.1</italic> on apple ripening and softening.","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135701457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.48130/frures-0023-0041
Ahmed Alabd, Junbei Ni, Songling Bai, Yuanwen Teng
Color and acidity, two important fruit quality traits, greatly influence consumer choice and market competitiveness. They result from the accumulation of anthocyanins and organic acids in the vacuole. A shift in the vacuolar pH, caused by the accumulation of organic acids, leads to a change in the absorption spectrum of anthocyanins, and thus to changes in the color of tissues, suggesting a possible relationship between these two traits. Thus, the discovery of the molecular co-mechanism responsible for these processes is one of the most challenging for improving fruit quality traits and ultimately increasing market value. Here, we review current knowledge on the relationship between anthocyanin accumulation and acidity, and highlight recent advances in the roles of TFs in regulating these quality traits via transcriptional co-regulation of different gene associated with anthocyanin accumulation and acidity for fruit quality improvement.
{"title":"Transcriptional co-regulation of anthocyanin accumulation and acidity in fruits","authors":"Ahmed Alabd, Junbei Ni, Songling Bai, Yuanwen Teng","doi":"10.48130/frures-0023-0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48130/frures-0023-0041","url":null,"abstract":"Color and acidity, two important fruit quality traits, greatly influence consumer choice and market competitiveness. They result from the accumulation of anthocyanins and organic acids in the vacuole. A shift in the vacuolar pH, caused by the accumulation of organic acids, leads to a change in the absorption spectrum of anthocyanins, and thus to changes in the color of tissues, suggesting a possible relationship between these two traits. Thus, the discovery of the molecular co-mechanism responsible for these processes is one of the most challenging for improving fruit quality traits and ultimately increasing market value. Here, we review current knowledge on the relationship between anthocyanin accumulation and acidity, and highlight recent advances in the roles of TFs in regulating these quality traits via transcriptional co-regulation of different gene associated with anthocyanin accumulation and acidity for fruit quality improvement.","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135611624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.48130/frures-2023-0012
Ziyan Liu, Z. Mao, Mengdi Li, Changle Cai, Yue Wang, Ji-Hong Liu, Chunlong Li
{"title":"Vacuole: A repository to control fruit flavor quality","authors":"Ziyan Liu, Z. Mao, Mengdi Li, Changle Cai, Yue Wang, Ji-Hong Liu, Chunlong Li","doi":"10.48130/frures-2023-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48130/frures-2023-0012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89217750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.48130/frures-0023-0040
Xiaofei Wang, Kang Dong, Jun Cheng, Bin Tan, Xianbo Zheng, Xia Ye, Wei Wang, Langlang Zhang, Jiancan Feng
Ethylene plays an important role in regulating the development and ripening of fruits, and 1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid synthase is the key rate-limiting enzyme in ethylene synthesis pathway. In this study, eight PpACS genes were identified from the peach genome [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch], and their phylogeny, gene structures, promoter motifs and expression patterns were analyzed. The PpACS genes could be divided into four types, and the genes with similar structures and motif distribution clustered together. Identification of the cis-elements in the promoters revealed that the PpACS genes may respond to various hormones. Furthermore, expression analysis showed that five (PpACS1, PpACS5, PpACS6, PpACS7 and PpACS8) of the eight PpACS genes were expressed at different stages during peach fruit development. Among them, PpACS1 was highly expressed at the ripening stage and induced by ethylene. The expression peaks of PpACS5, PpACS6, PpACS7 and PpACS8 during the transition from first exponential growth to pit hardening (S1 to S2) indicated a potential function of ethylene during this important transition. Taken together, these results provide valuable information for future investigation into the functions of the PpACS genes during peach fruit development and ripening.
{"title":"Genome-wide identification and expression pattern analysis of the <i>ACS</i> gene family during fruit development in peach","authors":"Xiaofei Wang, Kang Dong, Jun Cheng, Bin Tan, Xianbo Zheng, Xia Ye, Wei Wang, Langlang Zhang, Jiancan Feng","doi":"10.48130/frures-0023-0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48130/frures-0023-0040","url":null,"abstract":"Ethylene plays an important role in regulating the development and ripening of fruits, and 1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid synthase is the key rate-limiting enzyme in ethylene synthesis pathway. In this study, eight <italic>PpACS</italic> genes were identified from the peach genome [<italic>Prunus persica</italic> (L.) Batsch], and their phylogeny, gene structures, promoter motifs and expression patterns were analyzed. The <italic>PpACS</italic> genes could be divided into four types, and the genes with similar structures and motif distribution clustered together. Identification of the cis-elements in the promoters revealed that the <italic>PpACS</italic> genes may respond to various hormones. Furthermore, expression analysis showed that five (<italic>PpACS1</italic>, <italic>PpACS5</italic>, <italic>PpACS6</italic>, <italic>PpACS7</italic> and <italic>PpACS8</italic>) of the eight <italic>PpACS</italic> genes were expressed at different stages during peach fruit development. Among them, <italic>PpACS1</italic> was highly expressed at the ripening stage and induced by ethylene. The expression peaks of <italic>PpACS5</italic>, <italic>PpACS6</italic>, <italic>PpACS7</italic> and <italic>PpACS8</italic> during the transition from first exponential growth to pit hardening (S1 to S2) indicated a potential function of ethylene during this important transition. Taken together, these results provide valuable information for future investigation into the functions of the <italic>PpACS</italic> genes during peach fruit development and ripening.","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135505051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.13
C. Popa, S. Avramescu, E. Oprea, C. Nicola, M. Paraschiv, R. Hertzog, Mihail Coman
The berries are rich in polyphenols, vitamins, and other bioactive compounds, and exhibit antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. In this work, antioxidant activity (AA) and a phenolic profile of berries fruits belonging to the Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott, ʹMelromʹ cv., Lonicera caerulea var. kamtschatica, ʹKamiʹ cv., and Sambucus nigra L., ʹElromʹ cv. were studied. All three cvs. were previously patented by the Research Institute for Fruit Growing Pitesti, Romania. Alcoholic extracts from berries were obtained by four methods: continuous, maceration, ultrasounds and microwaves-assisted. The antioxidant content of extracts was evaluated by an HPLC method. AA was determined by DPPH free radical scavenging method. Total phenol, flavonoid, and anthocyanin contents were determined by spectrophotometric methods. The AA values were reported as equivalents (µg mL-1 extract) caffeic and gallic acids, morin, quercetin, rutin, and are in concordance with the results of the chromatographic method. In addition, the chromatographic method allowed identifying the p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, rutin, and epicatechin. The experimental results have shown that analyzed fruit extracts have high antioxidant activity, due mainly to flavonoids and anthocyanins in high concentration. Therefore, extracts from mentioned berries can be used in different nutraceutical products with high antioxidant potential.
浆果富含多酚、维生素和其他生物活性化合物，具有抗氧化、抗菌、抗炎和抗癌活性。在这项工作中，研究了黑果Aronia blackcarpa（Michx.）Elliott，Melrom，cv.，Lonicera caerulea var.kamtschatica，Kami，cv.和Sambucus nigra L.，Elrom的浆果果实的抗氧化活性（AA）和酚类特征。所有三个cv。之前由罗马尼亚Pitesti水果种植研究所获得专利。采用连续、浸渍、超声波和微波辅助四种方法从浆果中提取乙醇提取物。采用高效液相色谱法对提取物中抗氧化剂的含量进行了评价。采用DPPH自由基清除法测定AA。采用分光光度法测定了总酚、黄酮和花青素的含量。AA值报告为咖啡酸和没食子酸、桑色素、槲皮素、芦丁的当量（µg mL-1提取物），与色谱法的结果一致。此外，色谱法还可以鉴定对香豆酸、咖啡酸、绿原酸、芦丁和表儿茶素。实验结果表明，所分析的果实提取物具有较高的抗氧化活性，主要是由于高浓度的黄酮类化合物和花青素。因此，上述浆果的提取物可用于不同的具有高抗氧化潜力的营养品中。
{"title":"ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND PHENOLIC PROFILE OF FRUITS FROM SOME ROMANIAN SHRUB FRUIT VARIETIES","authors":"C. Popa, S. Avramescu, E. Oprea, C. Nicola, M. Paraschiv, R. Hertzog, Mihail Coman","doi":"10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.13","url":null,"abstract":"The berries are rich in polyphenols, vitamins, and other bioactive compounds, and exhibit antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. In this work, antioxidant activity (AA) and a phenolic profile of berries fruits belonging to the Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott, ʹMelromʹ cv., Lonicera caerulea var. kamtschatica, ʹKamiʹ cv., and Sambucus nigra L., ʹElromʹ cv. were studied. All three cvs. were previously patented by the Research Institute for Fruit Growing Pitesti, Romania. Alcoholic extracts from berries were obtained by four methods: continuous, maceration, ultrasounds and microwaves-assisted. The antioxidant content of extracts was evaluated by an HPLC method. AA was determined by DPPH free radical scavenging method. Total phenol, flavonoid, and anthocyanin contents were determined by spectrophotometric methods. The AA values were reported as equivalents (µg mL-1 extract) caffeic and gallic acids, morin, quercetin, rutin, and are in concordance with the results of the chromatographic method. In addition, the chromatographic method allowed identifying the p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, rutin, and epicatechin. The experimental results have shown that analyzed fruit extracts have high antioxidant activity, due mainly to flavonoids and anthocyanins in high concentration. Therefore, extracts from mentioned berries can be used in different nutraceutical products with high antioxidant potential.","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49252633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.31
A. Muscalu, C. Tudora, C. Sorică, A. Petre
Over time, many methods of preserving fruit by drying/dehydration applied at the industrial level (convection, microwave, high frequency currents, infrared radiation, lyophilisation, etc.) have been discovered and perfected to improve the quality of dehydrated products as well as their resistance to storage. The application of many of them is quite expensive, the parameters of the drying process (processing time and energy consumption) having high values. Technological progress in this field involves the development of new dehydration techniques, optimizing existing ones or combining them, aiming to increase energy efficiency, obtain healthy products with high rehydration capacity, reduce costs and negative impact on the environment. The paper presents a brief summary of the basic principles of the DIC (Instant Controlled Pressure Drop) process, as well as the advantages of its uses in industrial fruit dehydration technologies or as pre-treatment.
{"title":"THE USE OF DIC TECHNOLOGY (INSTANT CONTROLLED PRESSURE DROP) IN FRUIT DESHYDRATATION","authors":"A. Muscalu, C. Tudora, C. Sorică, A. Petre","doi":"10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.31","url":null,"abstract":"Over time, many methods of preserving fruit by drying/dehydration applied at the industrial level (convection, microwave, high frequency currents, infrared radiation, lyophilisation, etc.) have been discovered and perfected to improve the quality of dehydrated products as well as their resistance to storage. The application of many of them is quite expensive, the parameters of the drying process (processing time and energy consumption) having high values. Technological progress in this field involves the development of new dehydration techniques, optimizing existing ones or combining them, aiming to increase energy efficiency, obtain healthy products with high rehydration capacity, reduce costs and negative impact on the environment. The paper presents a brief summary of the basic principles of the DIC (Instant Controlled Pressure Drop) process, as well as the advantages of its uses in industrial fruit dehydration technologies or as pre-treatment.","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43140738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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