Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.24
C. Nicola, M. Paraschiv
Different fertilization systems cause changes in the content of mobile forms of Al (aluminum) in the soil, due to changes in pH. The toxicity Al is one of the major limitations that inhibits the growth and development of plants in acidic soils. In acidic soils (pH <5.0), phytotoxic aluminum (Al3+) rapidly inhibits root growth and subsequently affects the absorption of water and nutrients by plants. Stationary fertilization experiments with wastewater sludge compost treatments to blueberry plants were evaluated. In the spring of 2020, an experiment with increasing doses of compost of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 t /ha in vegetation pots, under soil water controlled conditions, was organized. Three years after compost fertilization, a 4.2 pH level (strong acid) was experimentally induced in the soil of all vegetation vessels planted with blueberries. The content of phytotoxic forms of aluminum increased with increasing dose of compost, compared to unfertilized control. At the induction of the soil pH of 4.2, in the variant fertilized with the maximum dose of compost (80 t/ha) the mobile and phytotoxic content of Al increased 30 times compared to the same experimental variant from the pre-acidification conditions. In the same time, under the newly created conditions, the mobile phosphorus content in the soil decreased dramatically. In the compost maximum fertilization dose, the mobile phosphorus content from the soil was significantly lower than the unfertilized control.
不同的施肥制度会引起土壤中流动形态Al(铝)含量的变化，这是由于ph的变化引起的。毒性Al是酸性土壤中抑制植物生长发育的主要限制之一。在酸性土壤(pH <5.0)中，植物毒性铝(Al3+)迅速抑制根系生长，进而影响植物对水分和养分的吸收。采用污泥堆肥法对蓝莓植株进行固定施肥试验。2020年春季，在土壤水分控制条件下，在植被盆栽中增加堆肥剂量，分别为0、20、40、60、80 t /ha。施用堆肥3年后，所有种植蓝莓的植被容器土壤pH值达到4.2(强酸)。与未施肥对照相比，随着堆肥用量的增加，铝的植物毒性形式含量增加。在土壤pH为4.2的诱导条件下，施用堆肥最大剂量(80 t/ha)的变异株中Al的移动性和植物毒性含量较酸化前增加了30倍。同时，在新创造的条件下，土壤中流动磷含量急剧下降。在堆肥最大施肥剂量下，土壤中流动磷含量显著低于未施肥对照。
{"title":"IMPACT OF ACIDIFICATION ON ALUMINUM IN THE SOILS OF HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY PLANTATIONS FERTILIZED WITH COMPOST OBTAINED FROM URBAN SLUDGE","authors":"C. Nicola, M. Paraschiv","doi":"10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.24","url":null,"abstract":"Different fertilization systems cause changes in the content of mobile forms of Al (aluminum) in the soil, due to changes in pH. The toxicity Al is one of the major limitations that inhibits the growth and development of plants in acidic soils. In acidic soils (pH <5.0), phytotoxic aluminum (Al3+) rapidly inhibits root growth and subsequently affects the absorption of water and nutrients by plants. Stationary fertilization experiments with wastewater sludge compost treatments to blueberry plants were evaluated. In the spring of 2020, an experiment with increasing doses of compost of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 t /ha in vegetation pots, under soil water controlled conditions, was organized. Three years after compost fertilization, a 4.2 pH level (strong acid) was experimentally induced in the soil of all vegetation vessels planted with blueberries. The content of phytotoxic forms of aluminum increased with increasing dose of compost, compared to unfertilized control. At the induction of the soil pH of 4.2, in the variant fertilized with the maximum dose of compost (80 t/ha) the mobile and phytotoxic content of Al increased 30 times compared to the same experimental variant from the pre-acidification conditions. In the same time, under the newly created conditions, the mobile phosphorus content in the soil decreased dramatically. In the compost maximum fertilization dose, the mobile phosphorus content from the soil was significantly lower than the unfertilized control.","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48727657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.27
C. Bolbose
The study has been made at Research Station for Fruit Growing Voinesti between 2020-2021, regarding apple susceptible to disease ('Jonathan' and 'Golden delicious'), 3 biological products being tested in the combat of the apple codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.), including the use of pheromone traps in order to track the pest. We mention that the codling moth is one of the most harmful species with a high incidence against the quality of fruits and their commercial value, regarding all the apple tree cultures of the Voinesti tree growing zone. As a means of tracking and warning, ATRAPOM pheromone has been used, as well as some biological products treatments: Bactospeine DF conc. 0.1 %, Laser 240 SC conc. 0.06%, MadexTop conc. 0.001%. Some high biological efficiency products have been noticed: Laser 240 SC conc.0.06% with a high 4.0% frequency attack, Bactospeine DF conc. 0.1% with 6%, while the MadexTop conc. 0.001% product had only registered a 2% damage, comparing to the chemical product Karate zeon conc. 0.015% that had an attack frequency of only 11%, while the untreated control group has been registered a 19% attack. Focusing towards using biological products in the combat of some apple tree pests, it will be gradually imposed, constituting the main factor in order to get some productions containing a small amount of phytosanitary products.
{"title":"THE USE OF BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS IN LIMITING THE ATTACK OF CYDIA POMONELLA L., IN THE CONDITIONS OF DÂMBOVIŢA FRUIT GROWING BASIN","authors":"C. Bolbose","doi":"10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.27","url":null,"abstract":"The study has been made at Research Station for Fruit Growing Voinesti between 2020-2021, regarding apple susceptible to disease ('Jonathan' and 'Golden delicious'), 3 biological products being tested in the combat of the apple codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.), including the use of pheromone traps in order to track the pest. We mention that the codling moth is one of the most harmful species with a high incidence against the quality of fruits and their commercial value, regarding all the apple tree cultures of the Voinesti tree growing zone. As a means of tracking and warning, ATRAPOM pheromone has been used, as well as some biological products treatments: Bactospeine DF conc. 0.1 %, Laser 240 SC conc. 0.06%, MadexTop conc. 0.001%. Some high biological efficiency products have been noticed: Laser 240 SC conc.0.06% with a high 4.0% frequency attack, Bactospeine DF conc. 0.1% with 6%, while the MadexTop conc. 0.001% product had only registered a 2% damage, comparing to the chemical product Karate zeon conc. 0.015% that had an attack frequency of only 11%, while the untreated control group has been registered a 19% attack. Focusing towards using biological products in the combat of some apple tree pests, it will be gradually imposed, constituting the main factor in order to get some productions containing a small amount of phytosanitary products.","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47524740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.23
F. Marin, M. Călinescu, M. Sumedrea
Mono and dicotyledonous weeds are the competitors of fruit species, in terms of growth, bearing and fruit quality. Therefore, in fruit growing, the aim is to keep the spectrum of weeds below the economic damage threshold (EDT). In this sense, different methods are used: biotechnical (mulching), mechanical (mowing), agrotechnical (black field worked, weeding between rows) or chemical (pre- or post-emergent herbicide use). The paper presents the results of research undertaken between 2019-2021 on the effectiveness of 6 post-emergent herbicides (4 total, based on glyphosate and 2 including other molecules - cycloxidim 100 g / l and oxifluorfen 240 g / l). The application of the products was carried out in an experimental module with the apple varieties 'Jonathan / M9' and 'Idared / M9', 5-7 years old, in variants and replications arranged randomly. Observations and determinations were performed according to the European Weed Research Society (EWRS) scale showed that, from the whole spectrum of weeds followed in the experimental device, the most difficult or difficult to control were the dicotyledonous weeds such as: Equisetum arvense (note 8-9), Cirsium arvense, Gallium aparine, Galinsoga parviflora, Malva neglecta, Matricaria chamomilla, Ranunculus repens, Rumex spp., Stelaria media (note 5). Among the monocotyledons difficult to control were: Agropyron repens, Lolium perene and Cynodon dactylon, requiring the application of herbicides twice vegetation season, or the integrated control of weeds.
单子叶杂草和双子叶杂草在生长、结果和果实品质方面都是果树的竞争对手。因此，在水果种植中，目标是将杂草的频谱保持在经济损害阈值(EDT)以下。从这个意义上说，使用了不同的方法:生物技术(覆盖)、机械(割草)、农业技术(黑地耕作、行间除草)或化学(苗期前或苗期后使用除草剂)。本文介绍了2019-2021年间对6种苗期除草剂(共4种，以草甘膦为基础，2种含其他分子，环西啶为100 g / l，氟氧芬为240 g / l)有效性的研究结果，以5-7岁的苹果品种“Jonathan / M9”和“Idared / M9”为实验模块，随机安排变异和重复。根据欧洲杂草研究协会(EWRS)的尺度进行观察和测定，从实验装置所跟踪的杂草的整个光谱来看，最难或最难控制的是双子叶杂草，如:木贼草(注8-9)、木贼草(注8-9)、猪耳草(注8-9)、猪耳草(注8-9)、金缕草(注5)、金缕草(注5)、毛茛(注8)、菟丝子(注5)、菟丝子(注5)等单子叶植物的防效较差的有:长尾草、二阴草和长尾草，需两次施用除草剂，或综合除草。
{"title":"RESEARCHES ON USE OF SOME POST-EMERGENT HERBICIDES TO CONTROL WEEDS IN THE BEARING APPLES ORCHARDS","authors":"F. Marin, M. Călinescu, M. Sumedrea","doi":"10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.23","url":null,"abstract":"Mono and dicotyledonous weeds are the competitors of fruit species, in terms of growth, bearing and fruit quality. Therefore, in fruit growing, the aim is to keep the spectrum of weeds below the economic damage threshold (EDT). In this sense, different methods are used: biotechnical (mulching), mechanical (mowing), agrotechnical (black field worked, weeding between rows) or chemical (pre- or post-emergent herbicide use). The paper presents the results of research undertaken between 2019-2021 on the effectiveness of 6 post-emergent herbicides (4 total, based on glyphosate and 2 including other molecules - cycloxidim 100 g / l and oxifluorfen 240 g / l). The application of the products was carried out in an experimental module with the apple varieties 'Jonathan / M9' and 'Idared / M9', 5-7 years old, in variants and replications arranged randomly. Observations and determinations were performed according to the European Weed Research Society (EWRS) scale showed that, from the whole spectrum of weeds followed in the experimental device, the most difficult or difficult to control were the dicotyledonous weeds such as: Equisetum arvense (note 8-9), Cirsium arvense, Gallium aparine, Galinsoga parviflora, Malva neglecta, Matricaria chamomilla, Ranunculus repens, Rumex spp., Stelaria media (note 5). Among the monocotyledons difficult to control were: Agropyron repens, Lolium perene and Cynodon dactylon, requiring the application of herbicides twice vegetation season, or the integrated control of weeds.","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46445835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.12
L. Popa, R. Ciupercă, V. Ștefan, A. Constantin, Ciprian Miron, A. Zaica
The recovery of wood residues from the spring or autumn pruning of branches, from orchards, in the form of briquettes or pellets, is part of the European policy on reducing non-renewable energy consumption. Also, organic agriculture brought to the fore the need to use natural fertilizers, which is why the National Institute of Research – Development for Machines and Installations Designed for Agriculture and Food Industry- INMA Bucharest conducted applied research for the development of an integrated technology and technical equipment for chopping plant residues resulting from cuttings in vineyards/orchards. Integrating the equipment in the technology, it is possible to obtain plant material that will be the basis for the production of mulch, which will be used in the technologies of organic fertilization of fruit/vine plantations. The advantages of this technology are the fact that the fruits obtained will no longer contain chemical compounds, contributing to the preservation of consumers’ health and at the same time the branches or canes resulting from cuttings will be used efficiently. Also, the chopped wood material can be used to make pellets or briquettes, contributing to solving the global problem of harmful emissions into the atmosphere.
{"title":"INTEGRATED TECHNOLOGY AND TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT FOR CHOPPING VEGETABLE RESIDUES RESULTING FROM TRIMMING IN ORCHARDS / VINYARDS","authors":"L. Popa, R. Ciupercă, V. Ștefan, A. Constantin, Ciprian Miron, A. Zaica","doi":"10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.12","url":null,"abstract":"The recovery of wood residues from the spring or autumn pruning of branches, from orchards, in the form of briquettes or pellets, is part of the European policy on reducing non-renewable energy consumption. Also, organic agriculture brought to the fore the need to use natural fertilizers, which is why the National Institute of Research – Development for Machines and Installations Designed for Agriculture and Food Industry- INMA Bucharest conducted applied research for the development of an integrated technology and technical equipment for chopping plant residues resulting from cuttings in vineyards/orchards. Integrating the equipment in the technology, it is possible to obtain plant material that will be the basis for the production of mulch, which will be used in the technologies of organic fertilization of fruit/vine plantations. The advantages of this technology are the fact that the fruits obtained will no longer contain chemical compounds, contributing to the preservation of consumers’ health and at the same time the branches or canes resulting from cuttings will be used efficiently. Also, the chopped wood material can be used to make pellets or briquettes, contributing to solving the global problem of harmful emissions into the atmosphere.","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43190568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.20
N. Vanghele, A. Petre, A. Matache, Dumitru Bogdan Mihalache
In the context of the circular economy, the recovery of wood waste from fruit trees as well as fruit residues contribute greatly to sustainable development. The main bioactive products from fruits and fruit trees have multiple properties including antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, biostimulant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective anticarcinogenic. From an economic and ecological point of view, the implementation of the concept of biological recovery of waste and its incorporation into a sustainable and renewable cycle is possible, but this requires integrated technology and systematic management. This work highlights various applications, methods and effective solutions for the recovery of waste from fruit trees in the agro-food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
{"title":"VALORIZATION IN THE AGRO-FOOD INDUSTRY OF WASTE FROM TREES FRUIT TREES","authors":"N. Vanghele, A. Petre, A. Matache, Dumitru Bogdan Mihalache","doi":"10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.20","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of the circular economy, the recovery of wood waste from fruit trees as well as fruit residues contribute greatly to sustainable development. The main bioactive products from fruits and fruit trees have multiple properties including antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, biostimulant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective anticarcinogenic. From an economic and ecological point of view, the implementation of the concept of biological recovery of waste and its incorporation into a sustainable and renewable cycle is possible, but this requires integrated technology and systematic management. This work highlights various applications, methods and effective solutions for the recovery of waste from fruit trees in the agro-food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44628372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.32
C. Sorică, V. Vlăduț, M. Vintilă, E. Sorică, M. Cristea, Laurențiu Vlăduțoi
Preserving food in order to extend its shelf life is an important link in ensuring their quality. The ways in which this is done include a wide range of conservation techniques. Thermal technologies have been at the forefront of food preservation methods over time, temperature being one of the most important factors with a direct influence on food preservation, whether it is pasteurization-sterilization, whether it is freezing or lyophilization, its main action being the inactivation of microorganisms that cause food spoilage. The paper aims to present aspects regarding the preservation of liquid food products (juices obtained from fruits, beverages etc.), using the UHT process (Ultra High Temperature), with emphasis on sterilization by direct infusion. In addition to the most well-known commercial installations (industrial or pilot) currently on the market, the paper presents an experimental model of direct infusion sterilization installation, made within a research project with partners INMA Bucharest and ICDIMPH Horting.
{"title":"ASPECTS REGARDING THE PRESERVATION OF LIQUID FOOD PRODUCTS USING THE STERILIZATION PROCESS BASED ON DIRECT HEATING STEAM INFUSION","authors":"C. Sorică, V. Vlăduț, M. Vintilă, E. Sorică, M. Cristea, Laurențiu Vlăduțoi","doi":"10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.32","url":null,"abstract":"Preserving food in order to extend its shelf life is an important link in ensuring their quality. The ways in which this is done include a wide range of conservation techniques. Thermal technologies have been at the forefront of food preservation methods over time, temperature being one of the most important factors with a direct influence on food preservation, whether it is pasteurization-sterilization, whether it is freezing or lyophilization, its main action being the inactivation of microorganisms that cause food spoilage. The paper aims to present aspects regarding the preservation of liquid food products (juices obtained from fruits, beverages etc.), using the UHT process (Ultra High Temperature), with emphasis on sterilization by direct infusion. In addition to the most well-known commercial installations (industrial or pilot) currently on the market, the paper presents an experimental model of direct infusion sterilization installation, made within a research project with partners INMA Bucharest and ICDIMPH Horting.","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43879934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.16
G. Lămureanu, I. Caplan, C. Gavăț, L. Septar, C. Moale, I. Stoli, Alexandru Vlăduț Oprița
Apricot and peach are species with a short dormancy, being able to start growing season even in February; the resistance of the trees to frosts and late frosts during this period is reduced. The risk is even higher in the south-east of the country where the probability of thermal amplitudes is very high, both during February and March. Although it is an important phenomenon, the information’s of how to protect trees from frost are relatively limited. There is a need for information to support orchards owners to approach this issue. The purpose of this paper was to apply measures and methods to combat this phenomenon in intensive apricot and peach orchards, measures that contribute to "saving" fruit production.
{"title":"THE EFFECT OF SOME METHODS CONCERNING THE PREVENTION OF RETURNING FROST AND HOARFROST ON THE PEACH AND APRICOT TREE","authors":"G. Lămureanu, I. Caplan, C. Gavăț, L. Septar, C. Moale, I. Stoli, Alexandru Vlăduț Oprița","doi":"10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.16","url":null,"abstract":"Apricot and peach are species with a short dormancy, being able to start growing season even in February; the resistance of the trees to frosts and late frosts during this period is reduced. The risk is even higher in the south-east of the country where the probability of thermal amplitudes is very high, both during February and March. Although it is an important phenomenon, the information’s of how to protect trees from frost are relatively limited. There is a need for information to support orchards owners to approach this issue. The purpose of this paper was to apply measures and methods to combat this phenomenon in intensive apricot and peach orchards, measures that contribute to \"saving\" fruit production.","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47211639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.18
G. Bălan, C. Zlati, Marius Dascălu, M. Istrate
The present study was carried out on the winter apple varieties ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Idared’, ‘Starkrimson’, ‘Jonathan’ and ‘Jonagold’, grafted on the rootstock ’M9 ’, in a private plantation (15 ha), from Covurlui plain, Plevna place, Rediu commune, Galati county, in the agricultural year 2020-2021. Planting distances are 3.5 m between rows and 1.5 m between plants per row, crown-shaped vertical axis, with support system on 3 wires. During the research period, observations and determinations were made regarding the initiation and development of vegetation phases, determinations regarding the productivity of varieties, fruit production and their quality. The surface of the trunk section as a basic indicator in the appreciation of the growth vigor reflects the reaction of the trees to the environmental conditions and to the applied agrotechnics. There is a close connection between the vigor of the trees expressed by the surface of the trunk section and the production. Higher force of the tree than the specific one, causes a delay in fruiting, instead a medium or low force induces early fruiting, but decreases the longevity of the trees. In terms of productivity, expressed by the amount of fruit per hectare (t/ha) ‘Golden Delicious‘ and ‘Idared‘ mice stood out with productions of 45, 2 and 41.4 t/ha respectively. The largest fruits were obtained from sour ‘Jonagold‘, respectively 194 g.
{"title":"STUDY OF THE BEHAVIOR OF SOME APPLE VARIETIES IN THE PEDOCLIMATIC CONDITIONS IN THE AREA OF COVURLUI PLAIN","authors":"G. Bălan, C. Zlati, Marius Dascălu, M. Istrate","doi":"10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.18","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was carried out on the winter apple varieties ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Idared’, ‘Starkrimson’, ‘Jonathan’ and ‘Jonagold’, grafted on the rootstock ’M9 ’, in a private plantation (15 ha), from Covurlui plain, Plevna place, Rediu commune, Galati county, in the agricultural year 2020-2021. Planting distances are 3.5 m between rows and 1.5 m between plants per row, crown-shaped vertical axis, with support system on 3 wires. During the research period, observations and determinations were made regarding the initiation and development of vegetation phases, determinations regarding the productivity of varieties, fruit production and their quality. The surface of the trunk section as a basic indicator in the appreciation of the growth vigor reflects the reaction of the trees to the environmental conditions and to the applied agrotechnics. There is a close connection between the vigor of the trees expressed by the surface of the trunk section and the production. Higher force of the tree than the specific one, causes a delay in fruiting, instead a medium or low force induces early fruiting, but decreases the longevity of the trees. In terms of productivity, expressed by the amount of fruit per hectare (t/ha) ‘Golden Delicious‘ and ‘Idared‘ mice stood out with productions of 45, 2 and 41.4 t/ha respectively. The largest fruits were obtained from sour ‘Jonagold‘, respectively 194 g.","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42731473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.26
M. Călinescu, I. Mazilu, E. Chițu, Florin Plăiașu, M. Chivu, M. Lungu, T. Panea
Fertilization is a basic condition of agriculture, as a branch of sustainable development. It is often recommended to supplement mineral nutrition with organic product administration because, through their bio-stimulating effect, it potentiates mineral nutrition. Under these conditions, between 2020 and 2022, a bifactorial study was carried out on three apple cultivars (5-7 years after planting), grown at the Research Institute for Fruit Growing Pitesti-Maracineni, in a high-density orchard. The influence of five foliar and one soil fertilizers, on the background of standard mineral fertilization, over the mineral elements and chlorophyll content of the foliar apparatus for 'Red Braeburn', 'Jonagold Boerekamp', and 'Jonagold Novajo' cvs. was studied. Indicators of growth, fruiting processes, and fruit quality were also assessed. The foliar diagnosis results indicated that the level of mineral elements (N, P, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, and Fe) was within the limits of normality established for apple leaves, except for manganese, which accumulated in slightly excess (108.8, compared to 100.0 ppm). On average, during the experiment, the fertilization variants significantly increased the foliar level of mineral elements such as K, Cu, and Fe, compared to the control. Regarding the growth-fruiting processes, the mean of the tree trunk cross-sectional area annual growth was 6.6 cm2. Given that the percentage of fruit set fluctuated around 66.9%, a fruit yield of 66.8 t/ha was obtained. On average, the percentage of fruit set increased significantly by 16.9-19.5% when CropMax (0.2%), M1 (0.5%), and M2 (0.5%) products were applied, and fruit yield by 19.3-21.2% for Poly-Feed (1%) and Fertisol (2 kg/tree). The fruit weight ranged from 72.3 to 443.2 g, with an average of 166.5 g. The average values recorded for firmness, juice pH and total soluble content were 76.4 units HPE-II- FFF Bareiss, 3.6, and 12.7°Brix respectively. All fertilization treatments significantly increased the average weight of the fruit, by 6.2-9.2%, compared to the untreated variant. The results of the study certify the favorable effect of supplementing the fertilization plans with the studied products, containing biostimulators that enhance and harmonize the physiological processes of the apple in a high-density system.
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF LEAF AND RADICULAR FERTILIZATION ON APPLE GROWTH AND FRUITING PROCESSES","authors":"M. Călinescu, I. Mazilu, E. Chițu, Florin Plăiașu, M. Chivu, M. Lungu, T. Panea","doi":"10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.26","url":null,"abstract":"Fertilization is a basic condition of agriculture, as a branch of sustainable development. It is often recommended to supplement mineral nutrition with organic product administration because, through their bio-stimulating effect, it potentiates mineral nutrition. Under these conditions, between 2020 and 2022, a bifactorial study was carried out on three apple cultivars (5-7 years after planting), grown at the Research Institute for Fruit Growing Pitesti-Maracineni, in a high-density orchard. The influence of five foliar and one soil fertilizers, on the background of standard mineral fertilization, over the mineral elements and chlorophyll content of the foliar apparatus for 'Red Braeburn', 'Jonagold Boerekamp', and 'Jonagold Novajo' cvs. was studied. Indicators of growth, fruiting processes, and fruit quality were also assessed. The foliar diagnosis results indicated that the level of mineral elements (N, P, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, and Fe) was within the limits of normality established for apple leaves, except for manganese, which accumulated in slightly excess (108.8, compared to 100.0 ppm). On average, during the experiment, the fertilization variants significantly increased the foliar level of mineral elements such as K, Cu, and Fe, compared to the control. Regarding the growth-fruiting processes, the mean of the tree trunk cross-sectional area annual growth was 6.6 cm2. Given that the percentage of fruit set fluctuated around 66.9%, a fruit yield of 66.8 t/ha was obtained. On average, the percentage of fruit set increased significantly by 16.9-19.5% when CropMax (0.2%), M1 (0.5%), and M2 (0.5%) products were applied, and fruit yield by 19.3-21.2% for Poly-Feed (1%) and Fertisol (2 kg/tree). The fruit weight ranged from 72.3 to 443.2 g, with an average of 166.5 g. The average values recorded for firmness, juice pH and total soluble content were 76.4 units HPE-II- FFF Bareiss, 3.6, and 12.7°Brix respectively. All fertilization treatments significantly increased the average weight of the fruit, by 6.2-9.2%, compared to the untreated variant. The results of the study certify the favorable effect of supplementing the fertilization plans with the studied products, containing biostimulators that enhance and harmonize the physiological processes of the apple in a high-density system.","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47773131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.03
M. Militaru, M. Călinescu, E. Mareși, Adina Iancu, Song Young-un, Shin Yong-seub
The rising incidence of biotic and abiotic stresses makes commercial fruit production increasingly difficult in Europe, especially apple orchards which are affected by fungal diseases, like scab and powdery mildew, caused by Venturia inaequalis Cooke Winter and Podosphaera leucotricha Ellis & Everh. Salmon. Releasing and planting of apple resistant cultivars is a promising strategy. A set of 527 apple cultivars from the apple gene bank collected at Research Institute for Fruit Growing (RIFG) Pitești was evaluated for the incidence of scab (on leaves and fruits) and powdery mildew (on leaves and top shoots) in three consecutive years (2018, 2019 and 2020). Phenotypic results were compared to data reported at the evaluation made in 2006. Unfortunately, the incidence of both scab and powdery mildew increased significantly in the last years. In 2021, 48 Romanian apple cultivars were analyzed with molecular markers linked to Rvi2, Rvi4, Rvi5, Rvi6, Rvi8 and Plw. The markers linked to Rvi6 was detected in 31 cultivars. Alleles linked to Plw were expressed from three cultivars. The information on resistance / susceptibility of apple genetic resources towards economically important diseases is important for breeding. Using a systematic screening of the apple cultivar collection, several cultivars with high value for resistance breeding and sustainable growing were identified.
{"title":"EVALUATION OF SCAB AND POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANCE OF APPLE GERMPLASM COLECTTED AT RIFG PITESTI","authors":"M. Militaru, M. Călinescu, E. Mareși, Adina Iancu, Song Young-un, Shin Yong-seub","doi":"10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.03","url":null,"abstract":"The rising incidence of biotic and abiotic stresses makes commercial fruit production increasingly difficult in Europe, especially apple orchards which are affected by fungal diseases, like scab and powdery mildew, caused by Venturia inaequalis Cooke Winter and Podosphaera leucotricha Ellis & Everh. Salmon. Releasing and planting of apple resistant cultivars is a promising strategy. A set of 527 apple cultivars from the apple gene bank collected at Research Institute for Fruit Growing (RIFG) Pitești was evaluated for the incidence of scab (on leaves and fruits) and powdery mildew (on leaves and top shoots) in three consecutive years (2018, 2019 and 2020). Phenotypic results were compared to data reported at the evaluation made in 2006. Unfortunately, the incidence of both scab and powdery mildew increased significantly in the last years. In 2021, 48 Romanian apple cultivars were analyzed with molecular markers linked to Rvi2, Rvi4, Rvi5, Rvi6, Rvi8 and Plw. The markers linked to Rvi6 was detected in 31 cultivars. Alleles linked to Plw were expressed from three cultivars. The information on resistance / susceptibility of apple genetic resources towards economically important diseases is important for breeding. Using a systematic screening of the apple cultivar collection, several cultivars with high value for resistance breeding and sustainable growing were identified.","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44573402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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