The article compares the views of François Poullain de la Barre and Charles Fourier on gender equality. The research is based on the background of historical and philosophical transformations associated with the transition from Cartesian rationalism to enlightenment and post-enlightenment thinking. The latter focuses primarily on social criticism and human transformation through the transformation of social relations. Although the author states that some of the provisions of French philosophers have a common origin (the ideological potential of Cartesianism and the modern doctrine of natural law), they interpret the target aspect differently. While Poullain de la Barre seeks to prove the identity of men's and women's abilities, Fourier's task is to find practical grounds that will allow for real equality of the sexes. In addition, the degree of equality achieved by women is derived from the degree of overcoming social (in particular, economic) injustice in general.
文章比较了弗朗索瓦-普兰-德拉巴雷（François Poullain de la Barre）和查尔斯-傅立叶（Charles Fourier）关于性别平等的观点。研究以历史和哲学变革为背景，这些变革与笛卡尔理性主义向启蒙思想和后启蒙思想的过渡有关。后启蒙思想主要侧重于社会批判和通过社会关系变革实现人类转型。尽管作者指出法国哲学家的某些规定具有共同的起源（笛卡尔主义的思想潜能和现代自然法学说），但他们对目标方面的解释却各不相同。普兰-德-拉-巴雷（Poullain de la Barre）试图证明男女能力的同一性，而傅立叶的任务则是找到真正实现男女平等的实际依据。此外，妇女实现平等的程度来自于克服社会（尤其是经济）不公正的程度。
{"title":"Abstract law and actual reality: social critique from F. Poullain de la Barre to Charles Fourier","authors":"Olena Slobodianuk","doi":"10.31649/sent05.01.130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31649/sent05.01.130","url":null,"abstract":"The article compares the views of François Poullain de la Barre and Charles Fourier on gender equality. The research is based on the background of historical and philosophical transformations associated with the transition from Cartesian rationalism to enlightenment and post-enlightenment thinking. The latter focuses primarily on social criticism and human transformation through the transformation of social relations. Although the author states that some of the provisions of French philosophers have a common origin (the ideological potential of Cartesianism and the modern doctrine of natural law), they interpret the target aspect differently. While Poullain de la Barre seeks to prove the identity of men's and women's abilities, Fourier's task is to find practical grounds that will allow for real equality of the sexes. In addition, the degree of equality achieved by women is derived from the degree of overcoming social (in particular, economic) injustice in general.","PeriodicalId":37673,"journal":{"name":"Sententiae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139136345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article reconstructs the arguments of Heidegger's critique of classical metaphysics, in particular Cartesian metaphysics. Heidegger saw Cartesianism as a source of modern metaphysical foundations and related prejudices. The author comes to the conclusion that the main object of Heidegger's criticism is (1) misunderstanding of the ambiguity of Cartesian philosophical instruction; (2) the definition of a human being as cogito; (3) the concept of the world as nature.
{"title":"Heidegger’s interpretation of Rene Descartes’ philosophy","authors":"Iryna Panteleieva","doi":"10.31649/sent06.02.067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31649/sent06.02.067","url":null,"abstract":"The article reconstructs the arguments of Heidegger's critique of classical metaphysics, in particular Cartesian metaphysics. Heidegger saw Cartesianism as a source of modern metaphysical foundations and related prejudices. The author comes to the conclusion that the main object of Heidegger's criticism is (1) misunderstanding of the ambiguity of Cartesian philosophical instruction; (2) the definition of a human being as cogito; (3) the concept of the world as nature.","PeriodicalId":37673,"journal":{"name":"Sententiae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139130924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The author examines Spinoza's view of (1) the relationship between modes of substance and divine power, particularly in the context of the limitations of each individual mode, (2) the process of realizing divine power within a specific mode. The text proves that the representation of all things as modes of substance, or divine modes, allows Spinoza to endow them with divine power. For a thing that exists in time and has duration, the preservation of existence means creation. Thus, maintaining the existence of a thing is identical to its creation. The power of a substance, expressed in its potency, is manifested in the duration of a thing. The specified duration is a manifestation of the substance's power, that is, its ability to create, preserve, and destroy things in their existence.
{"title":"The concept of power (potentia) in the metaphysics of Benedict Spinoza","authors":"Rostyslav Dymerets","doi":"10.31649/sent12.01.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31649/sent12.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"The author examines Spinoza's view of (1) the relationship between modes of substance and divine power, particularly in the context of the limitations of each individual mode, (2) the process of realizing divine power within a specific mode. The text proves that the representation of all things as modes of substance, or divine modes, allows Spinoza to endow them with divine power. For a thing that exists in time and has duration, the preservation of existence means creation. Thus, maintaining the existence of a thing is identical to its creation. The power of a substance, expressed in its potency, is manifested in the duration of a thing. The specified duration is a manifestation of the substance's power, that is, its ability to create, preserve, and destroy things in their existence.","PeriodicalId":37673,"journal":{"name":"Sententiae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139131536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Blaise Pascal and Semen Frank, the author focuses on the affiliation of both thinkers to confessionally atypical Christian movements: Orthodox "Protestantism" (Frank) and Catholic Jansenism (Pascal). The author proves that the key provisions that express the intersections of doctrines of Pascal and Frank are: 1) the notion of philosophy as a kind of revelation based on intellectual intuition rather than rationalistic deductive inferring; 2) the pivotal character of Christological stories for the constitution of anthropology; 3) the antinomic relation between freedom and grace in the understanding of man.
{"title":"B. Pascal and S. Frank: A dialogue through the ages","authors":"Gennadiy Alyayev","doi":"10.31649/sent01.01.160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31649/sent01.01.160","url":null,"abstract":"Blaise Pascal and Semen Frank, the author focuses on the affiliation of both thinkers to confessionally atypical Christian movements: Orthodox \"Protestantism\" (Frank) and Catholic Jansenism (Pascal). The author proves that the key provisions that express the intersections of doctrines of Pascal and Frank are: 1) the notion of philosophy as a kind of revelation based on intellectual intuition rather than rationalistic deductive inferring; 2) the pivotal character of Christological stories for the constitution of anthropology; 3) the antinomic relation between freedom and grace in the understanding of man.","PeriodicalId":37673,"journal":{"name":"Sententiae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139131708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article is devoted to the problem of the interpretation of the philosophical texts. There is analysed Gilles Deleuze’s approach to the interpretation of the cartesianism (on an example of the chapter X of his book «Spinoza et le probleme de l’expression»). This approach which is different from a traditional one consists of the creating and making “experiment”: a model of the cartesianism faces with a model of of the spinozisme and losts in this collision. Through an analysis of the concepts of difference in Aristotle, Plato, Hegel, Bergson and Nietzsche, the author shows that Deleuze's approach is positive and new, because here the affirmation prevails over the negation and it is the negation of the old. Deleuze shows that difference has always been presented in the perspective of identity, and analyses existing interpretations of difference in terms of their relationship to certain types of identity.
{"title":"What is “the ontological difference” in Gilles Deleuze’s philosophy?","authors":"Denis Skopin","doi":"10.31649/sent13.02.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31649/sent13.02.111","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the problem of the interpretation of the philosophical texts. There is analysed Gilles Deleuze’s approach to the interpretation of the cartesianism (on an example of the chapter X of his book «Spinoza et le probleme de l’expression»). This approach which is different from a traditional one consists of the creating and making “experiment”: a model of the cartesianism faces with a model of of the spinozisme and losts in this collision. Through an analysis of the concepts of difference in Aristotle, Plato, Hegel, Bergson and Nietzsche, the author shows that Deleuze's approach is positive and new, because here the affirmation prevails over the negation and it is the negation of the old. Deleuze shows that difference has always been presented in the perspective of identity, and analyses existing interpretations of difference in terms of their relationship to certain types of identity.","PeriodicalId":37673,"journal":{"name":"Sententiae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139132262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article is devoted to the problem of belonging of Ukrainian philosophy to the European tradition. The author states that Pascal's doctrine is non-ratio-centered and, therefore, does not correspond to the leading trends of European modern philosophy. At the same time, this doctrine is considered to be one of the most important for the development of the Modern tradition (including contemporary discussions between postmodernist and communicative philosophy thinkers). Thereafter the author concludes that modern philosophy is at least not monistic. The same non-monistic nature is also evident in the European history of ideas before the 17th century: the cleavage between Athens and Jerusalem, Latin and Greek theology, etc. This non-monism is manifested in the existence of at least two defining trends in European philosophy: the rational-centered one and the one that prefers a cordial attitude to the world and an approach of an intellectual contemplation. At the same time, the author notes that with the transition to lower levels of generalization, this dualism will increasingly appear to be a true pluralism of the European intellectual tradition. Based on the recognition of the content originality of national philosophies, the author attributes Ukrainian philosophy primarily to the second of the outlined trends. On the basis of the dominance of cordocentric orientations in Ukrainian philosophy, he rejects the arguments that interpret Ukrainian philosophy as fundamentally non-European.
{"title":"The phenomenon of B. Pascal in the European context: a view from the shore of historico-philosophical Ukrainian studies","authors":"Vilen Horskyi","doi":"10.31649/sent01.01.151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31649/sent01.01.151","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the problem of belonging of Ukrainian philosophy to the European tradition. The author states that Pascal's doctrine is non-ratio-centered and, therefore, does not correspond to the leading trends of European modern philosophy. At the same time, this doctrine is considered to be one of the most important for the development of the Modern tradition (including contemporary discussions between postmodernist and communicative philosophy thinkers). Thereafter the author concludes that modern philosophy is at least not monistic. The same non-monistic nature is also evident in the European history of ideas before the 17th century: the cleavage between Athens and Jerusalem, Latin and Greek theology, etc. This non-monism is manifested in the existence of at least two defining trends in European philosophy: the rational-centered one and the one that prefers a cordial attitude to the world and an approach of an intellectual contemplation. At the same time, the author notes that with the transition to lower levels of generalization, this dualism will increasingly appear to be a true pluralism of the European intellectual tradition. Based on the recognition of the content originality of national philosophies, the author attributes Ukrainian philosophy primarily to the second of the outlined trends. On the basis of the dominance of cordocentric orientations in Ukrainian philosophy, he rejects the arguments that interpret Ukrainian philosophy as fundamentally non-European.","PeriodicalId":37673,"journal":{"name":"Sententiae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139132312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article interprets the specificity of the author’s narrative instance in Pascal's texts. In order to clarify this specificity, the author formulates two typologies: (a) the typology of Pascal's philosophico-theological texts; (b) the typology of persons participating in dialogues (dialogue is one of the key types of Pascal's texts). The author also formulates 5 key meanings in which Pascal uses the concept of truth and assesses their representation in the text of the Thoughts. Such an assessment is particularly important because, according to the author's typology, the Thoughts fall into a separate category of texts for which it is problematic to identify a particular narrative instance with the author's position. Based on this consideration and taking into account the outlined specifics of the Thoughts, the author argues for the irreducibility of Pascal's pluralistic conception of truth to any of these basic meanings, even though they are abundantly found in the text. According to author, this constitutes a direct argument against the possibility of a literalist reading and interpretation of Pascal's texts, which is based on a non-problematic vision of the narrative instance in these texts.
{"title":"Pascal's texts: the type of narrative instance, the status of truth, and the theme of nuance","authors":"O. Khoma","doi":"10.31649/sent01.01.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31649/sent01.01.022","url":null,"abstract":"The article interprets the specificity of the author’s narrative instance in Pascal's texts. In order to clarify this specificity, the author formulates two typologies: (a) the typology of Pascal's philosophico-theological texts; (b) the typology of persons participating in dialogues (dialogue is one of the key types of Pascal's texts). The author also formulates 5 key meanings in which Pascal uses the concept of truth and assesses their representation in the text of the Thoughts. Such an assessment is particularly important because, according to the author's typology, the Thoughts fall into a separate category of texts for which it is problematic to identify a particular narrative instance with the author's position. Based on this consideration and taking into account the outlined specifics of the Thoughts, the author argues for the irreducibility of Pascal's pluralistic conception of truth to any of these basic meanings, even though they are abundantly found in the text. According to author, this constitutes a direct argument against the possibility of a literalist reading and interpretation of Pascal's texts, which is based on a non-problematic vision of the narrative instance in these texts.","PeriodicalId":37673,"journal":{"name":"Sententiae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139134049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The author emphasizes the leading role of Kant's philosophy and neo-Kantianism in spreading the theory of natural law on Ukrainian territory. The article emphasizes that the idea of natural law was considered in the circles of the Ukrainian intelligentsia as a component of the general system of idealistic views. The intelligentsia was critical of positive law and called for the correction of its defects with the help of moral goals. The author compares rationalist and religious-ethical approaches to issues of ethical origin and natural human rights.
{"title":"The concept of revived natural law as a continuation of traditions of the modern era in Ukrainian philosophy","authors":"O. Patlaichuk","doi":"10.31649/sent12.01.124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31649/sent12.01.124","url":null,"abstract":"The author emphasizes the leading role of Kant's philosophy and neo-Kantianism in spreading the theory of natural law on Ukrainian territory. The article emphasizes that the idea of natural law was considered in the circles of the Ukrainian intelligentsia as a component of the general system of idealistic views. The intelligentsia was critical of positive law and called for the correction of its defects with the help of moral goals. The author compares rationalist and religious-ethical approaches to issues of ethical origin and natural human rights.","PeriodicalId":37673,"journal":{"name":"Sententiae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139135577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
У статті досліджується проблема засвоєння зразків західноєвропейської філософії професорами Києво-Могилянської академії XVII–XVIII ст. Авторка розглядає трансформацію концепції раціональності на матеріалі лекційних курсів Теофана Прокоповича, Стефана Калиновського, Сильвестра Кулябки, Михайла Козачинського, Ґеорґія Кониського та Ґеорґія Щербацького. Висновується характерна риса цього періоду — натурфілософське розуміння розуму, що спирається на субʼєкт-обʼєктну дихотомію і природний закон. Щербацький, на думку авторки, підбиває підсумки попереднього періоду й закладає проєкт критичної раціональності в українській філософії.
{"title":"Western European doctrines of reason in the philosophical courses of the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy in the XVII-XVIII centuries","authors":"A. Losytska","doi":"10.31649/sent05.01.121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31649/sent05.01.121","url":null,"abstract":"У статті досліджується проблема засвоєння зразків західноєвропейської філософії професорами Києво-Могилянської академії XVII–XVIII ст. Авторка розглядає трансформацію концепції раціональності на матеріалі лекційних курсів Теофана Прокоповича, Стефана Калиновського, Сильвестра Кулябки, Михайла Козачинського, Ґеорґія Кониського та Ґеорґія Щербацького. Висновується характерна риса цього періоду — натурфілософське розуміння розуму, що спирається на субʼєкт-обʼєктну дихотомію і природний закон. Щербацький, на думку авторки, підбиває підсумки попереднього періоду й закладає проєкт критичної раціональності в українській філософії.","PeriodicalId":37673,"journal":{"name":"Sententiae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139135706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article investigates the process of establishing reliability in the philosophy of R. Descartes in the context of his epistemological transformation within the theory of knowledge. The author tries to find answers to the questions of what is the mind that Descartes finds through the procedure of methodological doubt, why we characterise it as a spatially defined mind, and what is the coordinate system that allows us to interpret the mind in terms of something more than a simple set of ideas. The author analyses the founding and development of the tradition of substantiating the validity of the world, which was characteristic of modern philosophy and the process of cognition with the thesis of the absolute validity of reason.
{"title":"“The space of mind” and stating of reliability in Descartes’s philosophy","authors":"Denys Prokopov","doi":"10.31649/sent13.02.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31649/sent13.02.020","url":null,"abstract":"The article investigates the process of establishing reliability in the philosophy of R. Descartes in the context of his epistemological transformation within the theory of knowledge. The author tries to find answers to the questions of what is the mind that Descartes finds through the procedure of methodological doubt, why we characterise it as a spatially defined mind, and what is the coordinate system that allows us to interpret the mind in terms of something more than a simple set of ideas. The author analyses the founding and development of the tradition of substantiating the validity of the world, which was characteristic of modern philosophy and the process of cognition with the thesis of the absolute validity of reason.","PeriodicalId":37673,"journal":{"name":"Sententiae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139136453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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