A review of the new French edition of the translation of Descartes' "Meditationes de prima philosophia" by Michelle Beyssade (1990) and an analysis of the main differences between the Latin original (1641) and the authorized French translation (1647) of this work.
{"title":"The substantiation of a new French translation of Descartes’s “Meditationes... ”: Ukrainian parallels","authors":"O. Khoma","doi":"10.31649/sent13.02.259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31649/sent13.02.259","url":null,"abstract":"A review of the new French edition of the translation of Descartes' \"Meditationes de prima philosophia\" by Michelle Beyssade (1990) and an analysis of the main differences between the Latin original (1641) and the authorized French translation (1647) of this work.","PeriodicalId":37673,"journal":{"name":"Sententiae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139129966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The first Ukrainian translation of James Harrington's «The Commonwealth of Oceana and A System of Politics»
詹姆斯-哈林顿的 "大洋联邦和政治体系 "的首个乌克兰语译本
{"title":"The commonwealth of Oceana and a system of politics","authors":"James Harrington","doi":"10.31649/sent07.03.147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31649/sent07.03.147","url":null,"abstract":"The first Ukrainian translation of James Harrington's «The Commonwealth of Oceana and A System of Politics»","PeriodicalId":37673,"journal":{"name":"Sententiae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139130347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article examines the problem of Pascal's attitude to the concept of natural law in the context of a new way of understanding politics. This way emerged after the skeptical crisis of the late 16th century, along with attempts to scientifically justify natural law, which was intended to become the backbone of a new type of society. Pascal subjected this justification to radical criticism. Yet it is difficult to classify Pascal's position, because, on the one hand, it falls behind the mainstream of modern political philosophy, and on the other hand, it opens the way to a non-legal analysis of politics. It is this analysis that constitutes an alternative to the constructions of philosophers who were committed to the concept of the social contract.
{"title":"Pascal and the natural law","authors":"Christian Lazzeri","doi":"10.31649/sent01.01.123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31649/sent01.01.123","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the problem of Pascal's attitude to the concept of natural law in the context of a new way of understanding politics. This way emerged after the skeptical crisis of the late 16th century, along with attempts to scientifically justify natural law, which was intended to become the backbone of a new type of society. Pascal subjected this justification to radical criticism. Yet it is difficult to classify Pascal's position, because, on the one hand, it falls behind the mainstream of modern political philosophy, and on the other hand, it opens the way to a non-legal analysis of politics. It is this analysis that constitutes an alternative to the constructions of philosophers who were committed to the concept of the social contract.","PeriodicalId":37673,"journal":{"name":"Sententiae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139132030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article proves that modern political philosophy is based on the concept of "individual" and on the abstract principle of "equality of individuals". But this abstract principle does not provide for "content expansion" in all possible directions without exception. Therefore, inattention to gender equality or cultural equality does not prevent, for example, Locke from recognizing the natural equality of all people. This circumstance can be considered an ideological source of the "modern paradox": the recognition of the natural equality of all people does not guarantee the automatic granting of political rights to women or providing them equal opportunities for professional and career growth with men.
{"title":"Naturalness and equality: the specifics of modern naturalism in the realm of political philosophy","authors":"Olena Slobodianuk","doi":"10.31649/sent12.01.199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31649/sent12.01.199","url":null,"abstract":"The article proves that modern political philosophy is based on the concept of \"individual\" and on the abstract principle of \"equality of individuals\". But this abstract principle does not provide for \"content expansion\" in all possible directions without exception. Therefore, inattention to gender equality or cultural equality does not prevent, for example, Locke from recognizing the natural equality of all people. This circumstance can be considered an ideological source of the \"modern paradox\": the recognition of the natural equality of all people does not guarantee the automatic granting of political rights to women or providing them equal opportunities for professional and career growth with men.","PeriodicalId":37673,"journal":{"name":"Sententiae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139133083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the article, the author examines five main, in his opinion, theories of human origins and finally proposes his own, which consists in the formation of the so-called "associative capacity", which is part of the overall development of the psyche, including the conscious and unconscious.
{"title":"The origins of mankind (in the context of the new cosmological concept)","authors":"O. Bazaluk","doi":"10.31649/sent06.02.052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31649/sent06.02.052","url":null,"abstract":"In the article, the author examines five main, in his opinion, theories of human origins and finally proposes his own, which consists in the formation of the so-called \"associative capacity\", which is part of the overall development of the psyche, including the conscious and unconscious.","PeriodicalId":37673,"journal":{"name":"Sententiae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139133227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"De la recherche de la vérité. Éclaircissements","authors":"Nicolas Malebranche","doi":"10.31649/sent05.01.169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31649/sent05.01.169","url":null,"abstract":"The first Ukrainian translation of Nicolas Malbranche's «Éclaircissements» to his Opus magnum treatise «De la recherche de la vérité».","PeriodicalId":37673,"journal":{"name":"Sententiae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139134637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The author examines Descartes' doctrine as one of the first attempts to synthesize the new idea of Galilean science with the tradition of ancient and medieval metaphysics. This required a combination of a number of tendencies, two of which are the consideration of thinking as the main attribute of an incorporeal substance and the consideration of God's omnipotence as the ever-present context of human cognition. On the basis of Plato's Dialogues, the article proves that the first tendency (based on the thesis that it is impossible to derive eternal truths from sense experience) indicates Platonic motives in Descartes' thinking. The second tendency (represented by the thesis of the possibility of direct intuitive contemplation) appears as a derivative of the theses of Duns Scotus and William of Ockham about the determining role of unlimited grace in substantiating the human ability to intuitively cognize contingent facts. The author argues that these tendencies, despite belonging to different traditions, are united in Descartes by an inseparable synthesis, which is the living experience of the thinking soul in the face of God’s omnipotence.
作者将笛卡尔的学说视为将伽利略科学新思想与古代和中世纪形而上学传统相结合的最初尝试之一。这需要将多种倾向结合起来，其中两种倾向是将思维视为无体物质的主要属性，以及将上帝的全能视为人类认知的永恒背景。文章以柏拉图的《对话录》为基础，证明了第一种倾向（基于不可能从感官经验中得出永恒真理的论点）表明了笛卡尔思维中的柏拉图动机。第二种倾向（以直接直观沉思的可能性这一论点为代表）是邓斯-司各脱（Duns Scotus）和威廉-奥卡姆（William of Ockham）关于无限恩典在证实人类直观认知偶然事实的能力方面的决定性作用的论点的衍生。作者认为，这些倾向尽管分属不同的传统，但在笛卡尔那里却由一个不可分割的综合体结合在一起，这就是面对上帝的全能，思考的灵魂所获得的活生生的体验。
{"title":"The thinking soul and the God’s omnipotence. Two motives in Descartes' justification of metaphysics","authors":"Andrii Baumeister","doi":"10.31649/sent01.01.203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31649/sent01.01.203","url":null,"abstract":"The author examines Descartes' doctrine as one of the first attempts to synthesize the new idea of Galilean science with the tradition of ancient and medieval metaphysics. This required a combination of a number of tendencies, two of which are the consideration of thinking as the main attribute of an incorporeal substance and the consideration of God's omnipotence as the ever-present context of human cognition. On the basis of Plato's Dialogues, the article proves that the first tendency (based on the thesis that it is impossible to derive eternal truths from sense experience) indicates Platonic motives in Descartes' thinking. The second tendency (represented by the thesis of the possibility of direct intuitive contemplation) appears as a derivative of the theses of Duns Scotus and William of Ockham about the determining role of unlimited grace in substantiating the human ability to intuitively cognize contingent facts. The author argues that these tendencies, despite belonging to different traditions, are united in Descartes by an inseparable synthesis, which is the living experience of the thinking soul in the face of God’s omnipotence.","PeriodicalId":37673,"journal":{"name":"Sententiae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139134909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The given in the article analysis of Popper’s historical and philosophical concept, reconstruction of the genesis of historicistic thinking shows that Popper opposes two traditions in the history of philosophy: 1) the tradition of historisistic philosophy, which includes Plato, Aristotle, Hegel and 2) the tradition critical rationalism which includes Democritus, Socrates, Antisthenes, Schopenhauer, and also Marx. The last one is also called in the article the philosophical tradition of the open society. According to Popper, the necessary component of critical rationalism is the personal moral responsibility of a philosopher for his philosophical statements. The author of the article argues that the concept of historicism is designed not to condemn Marx, but to separate in his doctrine his moral radicalism and social activism from historicistic aspiration to take the History as his ally and, hence, to present him as the defender, but not the enemy of the open society. On the author’s oppinion the concept of historicism is not yet obsolete. With the appropriate specifications it can be useful for the analysis of modern futurologists’ conceptions of postindustrial society.
{"title":"Carl Popper and His Book «The Open Society and Its Enemies»: from Socrates to Marx – the Philosophical Tradition of the Open Society","authors":"Olexandr Yudin","doi":"10.31649/sent13.02.188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31649/sent13.02.188","url":null,"abstract":"The given in the article analysis of Popper’s historical and philosophical concept, reconstruction of the genesis of historicistic thinking shows that Popper opposes two traditions in the history of philosophy: 1) the tradition of historisistic philosophy, which includes Plato, Aristotle, Hegel and 2) the tradition critical rationalism which includes Democritus, Socrates, Antisthenes, Schopenhauer, and also Marx. The last one is also called in the article the philosophical tradition of the open society. According to Popper, the necessary component of critical rationalism is the personal moral responsibility of a philosopher for his philosophical statements. The author of the article argues that the concept of historicism is designed not to condemn Marx, but to separate in his doctrine his moral radicalism and social activism from historicistic aspiration to take the History as his ally and, hence, to present him as the defender, but not the enemy of the open society. On the author’s oppinion the concept of historicism is not yet obsolete. With the appropriate specifications it can be useful for the analysis of modern futurologists’ conceptions of postindustrial society.","PeriodicalId":37673,"journal":{"name":"Sententiae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139135430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The author notes that Pascal, given the peculiarities of the publication and translation of his works, existed in the minds of readers rather as a literary phenomenon. Such an attitude dominated primarily in France, where Pascal's work was undoubtedly considered to be the sphere of interest of philologists and literary critics. But serious scholar interest in Pascal was practiced only in the field of philosophy. Philologists, on the other hand, gave Pascal a place mainly in historical surveys of French classicism and moralistic literature. This ambivalence is not least due to the ambivalence of Pascal's own attitude to philosophy. The author concludes that Thoughts is not just an unfinished work, but also a collection of fragments that were originally created as fragments. Thus, we may consider two strategies of reading Thoughts, neither of which is dominant, as well as about the genre ambiguity of this work.
{"title":"The poetics of performativity in Pascal's Pensées (performativity as an approach to the problem of artistry of Pascal's Pensées)","authors":"Oleksandr Yudin","doi":"10.31649/sent01.01.233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31649/sent01.01.233","url":null,"abstract":"The author notes that Pascal, given the peculiarities of the publication and translation of his works, existed in the minds of readers rather as a literary phenomenon. Such an attitude dominated primarily in France, where Pascal's work was undoubtedly considered to be the sphere of interest of philologists and literary critics. But serious scholar interest in Pascal was practiced only in the field of philosophy. Philologists, on the other hand, gave Pascal a place mainly in historical surveys of French classicism and moralistic literature. This ambivalence is not least due to the ambivalence of Pascal's own attitude to philosophy. The author concludes that Thoughts is not just an unfinished work, but also a collection of fragments that were originally created as fragments. Thus, we may consider two strategies of reading Thoughts, neither of which is dominant, as well as about the genre ambiguity of this work.","PeriodicalId":37673,"journal":{"name":"Sententiae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139135672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article discusses the programme of reforming the sciences and the way of philosophising proposed by Joachim Jung. Jung's positive endeavour was preceded by his critical work, which evokes to purify knowledge from preconceived ideas (doxa) and unreasonable premises. This thesis is directed against the scholastic «Doctrina Praedicamentorum». Jung rejects the claim of metaphysics and traditional logic as the foundation of the sciences. An important point of criticism is the distinction between reflexive (reflexiva) and direct (directa) sciences. Jung's positive methodological programme is based on mathematics, since it allows us to reach the last, indivisible elements. On their basis, it is possible to build a system of scientific knowledge that is as reliable and accurate as arithmetic. But the principles of the latter need to be substantiated. Thus, Jung comes to a new type of philosophy, «protonoethica». The article describes the German philosopher's methodological concept as «conceptual atomism». According to the author, Joachim Jung's achievements include the introduction of the concept of universal science (scientia universalis) into the early modern lexicon and the formation of those methodological principles that are later revealed by Descartes and Leibniz.
{"title":"Joachim Jung's Philosophia protonoetica. To the problem of establishing methodological principles of Modern philosophy","authors":"Sergii Secundant","doi":"10.31649/sent05.01.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31649/sent05.01.010","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the programme of reforming the sciences and the way of philosophising proposed by Joachim Jung. Jung's positive endeavour was preceded by his critical work, which evokes to purify knowledge from preconceived ideas (doxa) and unreasonable premises. This thesis is directed against the scholastic «Doctrina Praedicamentorum». Jung rejects the claim of metaphysics and traditional logic as the foundation of the sciences. An important point of criticism is the distinction between reflexive (reflexiva) and direct (directa) sciences. Jung's positive methodological programme is based on mathematics, since it allows us to reach the last, indivisible elements. On their basis, it is possible to build a system of scientific knowledge that is as reliable and accurate as arithmetic. But the principles of the latter need to be substantiated. Thus, Jung comes to a new type of philosophy, «protonoethica». The article describes the German philosopher's methodological concept as «conceptual atomism». According to the author, Joachim Jung's achievements include the introduction of the concept of universal science (scientia universalis) into the early modern lexicon and the formation of those methodological principles that are later revealed by Descartes and Leibniz.","PeriodicalId":37673,"journal":{"name":"Sententiae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139136035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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