Ezinne Onnebune, T. Sarimiye, C. Bekibele, A. Ashaye
Background: Over the years several pterygium surgical techniques have been developed with the aim of having the least possible recurrence rate. This has been from bare sclera excision which had an unacceptable recurrence rate to the current use of conjunctiva autograft with or without various adjuncts. This study was to review the current practice in a typical multi-specialist ophthalmic department. Method: The ophthalmic theatre operating register was retrospectively reviewed to obtain information on all patients who had pterygium excision at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, over a 4-year period from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2017. Results: A total of 324 pterygium surgeries were performed and final analysis was on 249 (76.9%) surgeries which met the inclusion criteria, male to female ratio of 0.96:1. The commonest surgical technique was excision + 5-Flourouracil (5FU) + conjunctival autograft accounting for 187(75.1%) eyes. In total, postoperative recurrence was recorded in 40 (16.1%) eyes. The subgroup of excision + 5FU + autograft had the least recurrence rate of 18 (9.6%) eyes. Conclusion: A significant majority of the excision was with conjunctiva autograft with an acceptable low recurrence rate compared with most studies.
{"title":"Pterygium Surgeries at a Tertiary Hospital, Southwest Nigeria: A Four-Year Review","authors":"Ezinne Onnebune, T. Sarimiye, C. Bekibele, A. Ashaye","doi":"10.4103/njo.njo_6_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njo.njo_6_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Over the years several pterygium surgical techniques have been developed with the aim of having the least possible recurrence rate. This has been from bare sclera excision which had an unacceptable recurrence rate to the current use of conjunctiva autograft with or without various adjuncts. This study was to review the current practice in a typical multi-specialist ophthalmic department. Method: The ophthalmic theatre operating register was retrospectively reviewed to obtain information on all patients who had pterygium excision at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, over a 4-year period from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2017. Results: A total of 324 pterygium surgeries were performed and final analysis was on 249 (76.9%) surgeries which met the inclusion criteria, male to female ratio of 0.96:1. The commonest surgical technique was excision + 5-Flourouracil (5FU) + conjunctival autograft accounting for 187(75.1%) eyes. In total, postoperative recurrence was recorded in 40 (16.1%) eyes. The subgroup of excision + 5FU + autograft had the least recurrence rate of 18 (9.6%) eyes. Conclusion: A significant majority of the excision was with conjunctiva autograft with an acceptable low recurrence rate compared with most studies.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"494 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131883054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We report a case of retinochoroidal coloboma in a 32 year old Nigerian female who first presented to the eye outreach clinic with a history of poor vision in the left eye of two years duration. The best corrected visual acuity was 6/5 and light perception with accurate light projection in the right and left eyes respectively. She was subsequently referred to the retina clinic for Neodymium:yttrium- aluminium- garnet (Nd:YAG) laser capsulotomy on account of a left posterior capsular opacity after cataract surgery at the eye outreach clinic with a best corrected visual acuity of 6/5 and 6/36 respectively in the right and left eye. Dilated binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy of the left eye revealed a large, wedge-shaped, excavated retinochoroidal defect with hyperpigmented edges involving the nasal retina extending across approximately five clock hours from 7 to 10 o’clock. The apex of the coloboma was approximately three disc diameters away from the optic nerve head and extended peripherally up to the ora serrata. The right fundus was normal. Retinochoroidal colobomas may occur in the absence of the known blinding sequelae like retinal detachment, choroidal neovascular membrane amongst others. Our patient had a cataract in the same eye with the retinochoroidal coloboma with subsequent visual gain post-surgery and increasing myopia.
{"title":"Retinochoroidal Coloboma in a Female Nigerian","authors":"Y. Babalola, T. Oluleye","doi":"10.4103/njo.njo_13_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njo.njo_13_19","url":null,"abstract":"We report a case of retinochoroidal coloboma in a 32 year old Nigerian female who first presented to the eye outreach clinic with a history of poor vision in the left eye of two years duration. The best corrected visual acuity was 6/5 and light perception with accurate light projection in the right and left eyes respectively. She was subsequently referred to the retina clinic for Neodymium:yttrium- aluminium- garnet (Nd:YAG) laser capsulotomy on account of a left posterior capsular opacity after cataract surgery at the eye outreach clinic with a best corrected visual acuity of 6/5 and 6/36 respectively in the right and left eye. Dilated binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy of the left eye revealed a large, wedge-shaped, excavated retinochoroidal defect with hyperpigmented edges involving the nasal retina extending across approximately five clock hours from 7 to 10 o’clock. The apex of the coloboma was approximately three disc diameters away from the optic nerve head and extended peripherally up to the ora serrata. The right fundus was normal. Retinochoroidal colobomas may occur in the absence of the known blinding sequelae like retinal detachment, choroidal neovascular membrane amongst others. Our patient had a cataract in the same eye with the retinochoroidal coloboma with subsequent visual gain post-surgery and increasing myopia.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123938858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There are inadequate human resources for eye care in Africa compared to other parts of the world, which make it unrealistic for most of these African countries to achieve VISION 2020 target by the year 2020. The few eye care service providers in Africa are maldistributed. They are more in the urban areas, leaving most of the rural population uncared. The experience is not different in Nigeria, as most of the human resources for eye care are mainly concentrated in the cities, the western and the oil-rich southern parts of the country. Family Physicians, who are doctors of first contact, have difficulty in referring patients who need specialist eye care services because of the challenge of dearth of eye specialist near their vicinity of practice. For the achievement of universal eye health coverage, emphasis needs to be on developing the human resources sector through effective planning.
{"title":"Ophthalmology in Nigeria: Challenges and Success","authors":"K. Monsudi, D. Ademola-Popoola, A. Ayodapo","doi":"10.4103/njo.njo_14_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njo.njo_14_18","url":null,"abstract":"There are inadequate human resources for eye care in Africa compared to other parts of the world, which make it unrealistic for most of these African countries to achieve VISION 2020 target by the year 2020. The few eye care service providers in Africa are maldistributed. They are more in the urban areas, leaving most of the rural population uncared. The experience is not different in Nigeria, as most of the human resources for eye care are mainly concentrated in the cities, the western and the oil-rich southern parts of the country. Family Physicians, who are doctors of first contact, have difficulty in referring patients who need specialist eye care services because of the challenge of dearth of eye specialist near their vicinity of practice. For the achievement of universal eye health coverage, emphasis needs to be on developing the human resources sector through effective planning.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123721237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Presence of total cataract precludes the view of optic nerve head (ONH) and makes diagnosis of glaucoma difficult in presence of normal intraocular pressure. So, we studied the reliability of B scan in detecting ONH cupping and correlating with clinical findings. Aim: We aimed to note the diagnostic value of ultrasound echography (B scan) in determining the ONH cupping in patients with dense cataract. Methods: We included 195 eyes with total cataract and correlated the cupping noted in these eyes with clinical cupping noted postoperatively. Results: Clinical cupping was present in 50 patients and B scan could predict it in 13 patients. The sensitivity of B scan in predicting ONH cupping was found to be 16% (95% confidence interval 0.17–0.29) with specificity of 97.8% (95% confidence interval 0.94–0.99). A decrease in cup:disc ratio of 0.6 or less led to a decrease in sensitivity. Conclusions: Our study suggests that ultrasound echography may provide a qualitative assessment of the ONH cupping in glaucoma in some cases wherein there is media opacity such as cataract that precludes view of the ONH during fundoscopy. B-scan ultrasonography is done as a part of routine preoperative evaluation in cases where there is dense cataract and helps identify associated normal pressure glaucoma.
{"title":"Ultrasonographic and Clinical Correlation of Optic Disc Cupping − A Report","authors":"S. Murthy, Ankit Sharma","doi":"10.4103/njo.njo_4_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njo.njo_4_19","url":null,"abstract":"Presence of total cataract precludes the view of optic nerve head (ONH) and makes diagnosis of glaucoma difficult in presence of normal intraocular pressure. So, we studied the reliability of B scan in detecting ONH cupping and correlating with clinical findings. Aim: We aimed to note the diagnostic value of ultrasound echography (B scan) in determining the ONH cupping in patients with dense cataract. Methods: We included 195 eyes with total cataract and correlated the cupping noted in these eyes with clinical cupping noted postoperatively. Results: Clinical cupping was present in 50 patients and B scan could predict it in 13 patients. The sensitivity of B scan in predicting ONH cupping was found to be 16% (95% confidence interval 0.17–0.29) with specificity of 97.8% (95% confidence interval 0.94–0.99). A decrease in cup:disc ratio of 0.6 or less led to a decrease in sensitivity. Conclusions: Our study suggests that ultrasound echography may provide a qualitative assessment of the ONH cupping in glaucoma in some cases wherein there is media opacity such as cataract that precludes view of the ONH during fundoscopy. B-scan ultrasonography is done as a part of routine preoperative evaluation in cases where there is dense cataract and helps identify associated normal pressure glaucoma.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126370127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Superior segmental optic nerve hypoplasia (SSONH) is a developmental disorder of the disc with unclear pathogenesis causing inferior altitudinal field loss. Dissociated vertical deviation (DVD) usually occurs with unequal visual input owing to early strabismus like infantile esotropia. Occurrence of DVD in a case of SSONH as a presenting complaint has never been reported earlier. We report a case of a young boy with SSONH presenting with exotropia and DVD. Our case shows the occurrence of dissociated strabismus like DVD in child with inferior altitudinal field loss owing to SSONH which is noted as a rare association
{"title":"Superior Segmental Optic Nerve Hypoplasia Presenting With Exotropia and Nystagmus – Case Report","authors":"S. Murthy, Khushboo D Gupta, N. Nikhil","doi":"10.4103/njo.njo_21_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njo.njo_21_18","url":null,"abstract":"Superior segmental optic nerve hypoplasia (SSONH) is a developmental disorder of the disc with unclear pathogenesis causing inferior altitudinal field loss. Dissociated vertical deviation (DVD) usually occurs with unequal visual input owing to early strabismus like infantile esotropia. Occurrence of DVD in a case of SSONH as a presenting complaint has never been reported earlier. We report a case of a young boy with SSONH presenting with exotropia and DVD. Our case shows the occurrence of dissociated strabismus like DVD in child with inferior altitudinal field loss owing to SSONH which is noted as a rare association","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114299224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: This article reports a case of corneal injury following a splash from the sap of plantain stem. Case Report: A 54-year-old female presented with a history of plantain stem sap splash into her right eye of 7-h duration with associated ocular pain, tearing, photophobia, and blurring of vision. On ocular examination, visual acuity was 6/18 OD; slit lamp examination revealed a well-delineated fluorescein-positive corneal epithelial defect with associated mild stromal edema. Left eye examination was essentially normal. She washed her face and eyes with water immediately after the splash and further had eye irrigation by attending ophthalmologist on presentation. The patient was immediately commenced on prednisolone, moxifloxacin, cyclopentolate, and ascorbate eye drops and tetracycline ointment. Corneal edema resolved in 4 days whereas the epithelial defect was completely healed by day 12 and visual acuity was restored to 6/6. Conclusion: Although farmers are exposed daily to various types of eye injuries from parts of plants, this report highlights corneal eye injury following plantain stem sap splash in a farmer who did not use protective eye goggles while working in the farm and how prompt institution of treatment can sight loss and loss of corneal integrity.
{"title":"Isolated Corneal Chemical Eye Injury Following Splash From Plantain Stem Sap: A Case Report and Review of Literature","authors":"B. Etim, A. Ibanga, D. Nkanga, M. Udoh","doi":"10.4103/njo.njo_13_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njo.njo_13_18","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This article reports a case of corneal injury following a splash from the sap of plantain stem. Case Report: A 54-year-old female presented with a history of plantain stem sap splash into her right eye of 7-h duration with associated ocular pain, tearing, photophobia, and blurring of vision. On ocular examination, visual acuity was 6/18 OD; slit lamp examination revealed a well-delineated fluorescein-positive corneal epithelial defect with associated mild stromal edema. Left eye examination was essentially normal. She washed her face and eyes with water immediately after the splash and further had eye irrigation by attending ophthalmologist on presentation. The patient was immediately commenced on prednisolone, moxifloxacin, cyclopentolate, and ascorbate eye drops and tetracycline ointment. Corneal edema resolved in 4 days whereas the epithelial defect was completely healed by day 12 and visual acuity was restored to 6/6. Conclusion: Although farmers are exposed daily to various types of eye injuries from parts of plants, this report highlights corneal eye injury following plantain stem sap splash in a farmer who did not use protective eye goggles while working in the farm and how prompt institution of treatment can sight loss and loss of corneal integrity.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115147668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Olusanya, M. Ugalahi, O. Ayeni, O. Fawole, A. Baiyeroju
Background: Strabismus occurs worldwide and is associated with undesirable psychosocial impact and negative social prejudice. However, there is a dearth of information on the different subtypes of strabismus in Nigerian patients. The aim of this study is to describe the common forms of strabismus among patients of an eye clinic in southwestern Nigeria. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all new patients seen at the eye clinic of our hospital between January 1999 and December 2008. Patients with a diagnosis of strabismus were identified from the clinic registers and their case records were reviewed. Information on age, gender, cause, and type of squint as well as associated ocular/systemic disease was retrieved from the case records. Results: A total of 240 patients had strabismus, giving a relative frequency of 1.2%. Mean age of patients with strabismus was 19.8 (±19.7) years while male-to-female ratio was 0.98:1. Esotropia (53.8%) was more common than exotropia (44.2%). The mean age of patients with esotropia was 12.8 years compared with 27.9 years for patients with exotropia (P < 0.001). Sensory strabismus was the most common form of strabismus, occurring in 83 (34.5%) patients, while accommodative esotropia was found in only 5.8% patients. Conclusion: The relative frequency of strabismus in this study is fairly similar to other reports from Nigeria and Africa. Secondary strabismus was quite common whereas primary forms of strabismus such as accommodative esotropia appear to occur less frequently among our patients in comparison to Caucasian populations.
{"title":"Common Forms of Strabismus in a Tertiary Eye Clinic in Southwest Nigeria","authors":"B. Olusanya, M. Ugalahi, O. Ayeni, O. Fawole, A. Baiyeroju","doi":"10.4103/njo.njo_8_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njo.njo_8_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Strabismus occurs worldwide and is associated with undesirable psychosocial impact and negative social prejudice. However, there is a dearth of information on the different subtypes of strabismus in Nigerian patients. The aim of this study is to describe the common forms of strabismus among patients of an eye clinic in southwestern Nigeria. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all new patients seen at the eye clinic of our hospital between January 1999 and December 2008. Patients with a diagnosis of strabismus were identified from the clinic registers and their case records were reviewed. Information on age, gender, cause, and type of squint as well as associated ocular/systemic disease was retrieved from the case records. Results: A total of 240 patients had strabismus, giving a relative frequency of 1.2%. Mean age of patients with strabismus was 19.8 (±19.7) years while male-to-female ratio was 0.98:1. Esotropia (53.8%) was more common than exotropia (44.2%). The mean age of patients with esotropia was 12.8 years compared with 27.9 years for patients with exotropia (P < 0.001). Sensory strabismus was the most common form of strabismus, occurring in 83 (34.5%) patients, while accommodative esotropia was found in only 5.8% patients. Conclusion: The relative frequency of strabismus in this study is fairly similar to other reports from Nigeria and Africa. Secondary strabismus was quite common whereas primary forms of strabismus such as accommodative esotropia appear to occur less frequently among our patients in comparison to Caucasian populations.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114955364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Okoloagu, O. Okoye, S. Onwubiko, C. Eze, B. Eze, C. Chuka-Okosa
Objective: This article aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of primary school teachers (PSTs) in relation to their pupils’ eye health and school-based eye health services. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey of PSTs in the Nkanu West Local Government Area, Enugu State, Nigeria. The study’s instrument was a pilot-tested, researcher-administered 16-item questionnaire with subscales measuring participants’ sociodemographics, and knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to their pupils’ eye health and school-based eye health services. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software for Windows, version 18.0. Descriptive statistics yielded frequencies, percentages, and proportions. Analytical statistics included the Chi-square test, for categorical variables, and Student’s t test for continuous variables. A P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There were 207 participants, including 40 (19.3%) males and 167 (80.7%) females (M:F = 1:4.2) aged 42.2 ± 8.67 SD years. Only 31 (15.0%) participants had good knowledge of their pupils’ eye health and school-based eye health services, and almost half (48.0%) obtained their information from family and friends. Two hundred (96.6%) participants had a positive attitude and 45.4% reported good practices. Conclusion: The majority of the PSTs had poor knowledge and practices related to their pupils’ eye health and school-based eye health services. However, most of the teachers displayed a positive attitude toward their pupils’ eye health and school-based eye health services. A structured health education workshop is advocated to correct the gaps in teachers’ knowledge and practices.
目的:本研究旨在评估小学教师对学生眼健康和校本眼健康服务的知识、态度和做法。材料和方法:这是对尼日利亚埃努古州Nkanu West地方政府区的pst进行的描述性横断面问卷调查。该研究的工具是一份经过试点测试的、由研究人员管理的16项问卷，其中的子量表测量了参与者的社会人口统计学、知识、态度和与学生眼睛健康和学校眼睛健康服务相关的实践。数据分析使用Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software for Windows, version 18.0。描述性统计产生频率、百分比和比例。分析统计包括分类变量的卡方检验和连续变量的学生t检验。p值<0.05认为有统计学意义。结果:共纳入受试者207例，其中男性40例(19.3%)，女性167例(80.7%)(M:F = 1:4.2)，年龄42.2±8.67 SD岁。只有31名(15.0%)参与者对学生的眼睛健康和学校的眼睛健康服务有很好的了解，几乎一半(48.0%)的参与者是从家人和朋友那里获得信息的。200名(96.6%)参与者持积极态度，45.4%的参与者报告了良好的做法。结论:大多数初级护士长对学生眼保健和校本眼保健服务的认识和实践较差。然而，大部分教师对学生的眼健康和校本眼健康服务持积极态度。提倡举办一次有组织的健康教育讲习班，以纠正教师在知识和实践方面的差距。
{"title":"A Survey of Teachers’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Related to Pupils’ Eye Health and School-Based Eye-Health Services","authors":"N. Okoloagu, O. Okoye, S. Onwubiko, C. Eze, B. Eze, C. Chuka-Okosa","doi":"10.4103/njo.njo_10_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njo.njo_10_18","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This article aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of primary school teachers (PSTs) in relation to their pupils’ eye health and school-based eye health services. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey of PSTs in the Nkanu West Local Government Area, Enugu State, Nigeria. The study’s instrument was a pilot-tested, researcher-administered 16-item questionnaire with subscales measuring participants’ sociodemographics, and knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to their pupils’ eye health and school-based eye health services. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software for Windows, version 18.0. Descriptive statistics yielded frequencies, percentages, and proportions. Analytical statistics included the Chi-square test, for categorical variables, and Student’s t test for continuous variables. A P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There were 207 participants, including 40 (19.3%) males and 167 (80.7%) females (M:F = 1:4.2) aged 42.2 ± 8.67 SD years. Only 31 (15.0%) participants had good knowledge of their pupils’ eye health and school-based eye health services, and almost half (48.0%) obtained their information from family and friends. Two hundred (96.6%) participants had a positive attitude and 45.4% reported good practices. Conclusion: The majority of the PSTs had poor knowledge and practices related to their pupils’ eye health and school-based eye health services. However, most of the teachers displayed a positive attitude toward their pupils’ eye health and school-based eye health services. A structured health education workshop is advocated to correct the gaps in teachers’ knowledge and practices.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127178924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.4103/0189-9171.277889
C. Bekibele
Is the rate of in-use ophthalmic medication contamination of public health importance? This appears to be what the current situation is as shown by the report of investigators from the University of Cape Coast Ghana who found 94 out of 100 ‘in −use’ samples of eye drops collected from patients to be contaminated by a wide range of organisms including pseudomonas and aspergillus. This may justify the recommendation of single dose eye drops to ensure patient safety. However cost and affordability in low income countries remains an issue to contend with. Other important articles in this edition of the journal include a study which examined teachers’ knowledge attitude and practice related to pupils eye health and school based eye health services. The researchers reported that teachers’ knowledge attitude and practice related to pupils eye health and school based health services was poor and called for a structured workshop in schools to correct the knowledge gap of teachers.
{"title":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology Editorial Comments, July-December 2019 Edition","authors":"C. Bekibele","doi":"10.4103/0189-9171.277889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0189-9171.277889","url":null,"abstract":"Is the rate of in-use ophthalmic medication contamination of public health importance? This appears to be what the current situation is as shown by the report of investigators from the University of Cape Coast Ghana who found 94 out of 100 ‘in −use’ samples of eye drops collected from patients to be contaminated by a wide range of organisms including pseudomonas and aspergillus. This may justify the recommendation of single dose eye drops to ensure patient safety. However cost and affordability in low income countries remains an issue to contend with. Other important articles in this edition of the journal include a study which examined teachers’ knowledge attitude and practice related to pupils eye health and school based eye health services. The researchers reported that teachers’ knowledge attitude and practice related to pupils eye health and school based health services was poor and called for a structured workshop in schools to correct the knowledge gap of teachers.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117314553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: This article determines the prevalence and causes of visual impairment (VI) in children aged 3 to 5 years in Ilorin East Local Government Area of Kwara State, Nigeria. Methods: The study was a descriptive, cross-sectional, school-based study of 464 children enrolled by multistage sampling. The sample size was calculated based on the prevalence of ocular morbidity of 19.9% found in a previous Ilorin study by Ayanniyi et al. (Causes and prevalence of ocular morbidity among primary school children in Ilorin, Nigeria. Niger J Clin Pract 2010;13:248-53) using the Fisher’s formula. Visual acuity (VA) of selected children was assessed using the Lea symbols chart. Children meeting the referral criteria of VA worse than 20/30 (6/9.5), two lines difference in VA between the eyes, visible anterior and posterior segment anomalies, and untestable children with the Lea symbols thereafter had a comprehensive eye examination. Results: Seventy (15.1%) of the children screened were 3 years’ old, 176 (37.9%) were 4 years, whereas 218 (47%) were 5 years’ old. Nine hundred twenty-eight eyes of 464 children were screened; 707 (76.2%) eyes in 332 (71.6%) children had VA 6/9.5 or better, whereas 184 (19.8%) eyes in 112 children (24.1%) had VA worse than 6/9.5 and 37 (4%) eyes in 20 children (4.3%) were untestable. An identifiable cause of VI was found in 36 eyes of 23 children, giving a prevalence of 5%. The causes of VI were myopia (2.5%), astigmatism (1.8%), hypermetropia (0.2%), anisometropic amblyopia (0.2%), and strabismus (0.2%). Conclusion: The prevalence of vision impairing conditions in this age group underscores the importance of preschool vision screening to ensure early detection and treatment to prevent the permanent damage of amblyopia.
{"title":"Prevalence and Causes of Visual Impairment Among Nigerian Children Aged 3 to 5 Years","authors":"T. Obajolowo, D. Ademola-Popoola, F. Olatunji","doi":"10.4103/njo.njo_2_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njo.njo_2_19","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This article determines the prevalence and causes of visual impairment (VI) in children aged 3 to 5 years in Ilorin East Local Government Area of Kwara State, Nigeria. Methods: The study was a descriptive, cross-sectional, school-based study of 464 children enrolled by multistage sampling. The sample size was calculated based on the prevalence of ocular morbidity of 19.9% found in a previous Ilorin study by Ayanniyi et al. (Causes and prevalence of ocular morbidity among primary school children in Ilorin, Nigeria. Niger J Clin Pract 2010;13:248-53) using the Fisher’s formula. Visual acuity (VA) of selected children was assessed using the Lea symbols chart. Children meeting the referral criteria of VA worse than 20/30 (6/9.5), two lines difference in VA between the eyes, visible anterior and posterior segment anomalies, and untestable children with the Lea symbols thereafter had a comprehensive eye examination. Results: Seventy (15.1%) of the children screened were 3 years’ old, 176 (37.9%) were 4 years, whereas 218 (47%) were 5 years’ old. Nine hundred twenty-eight eyes of 464 children were screened; 707 (76.2%) eyes in 332 (71.6%) children had VA 6/9.5 or better, whereas 184 (19.8%) eyes in 112 children (24.1%) had VA worse than 6/9.5 and 37 (4%) eyes in 20 children (4.3%) were untestable. An identifiable cause of VI was found in 36 eyes of 23 children, giving a prevalence of 5%. The causes of VI were myopia (2.5%), astigmatism (1.8%), hypermetropia (0.2%), anisometropic amblyopia (0.2%), and strabismus (0.2%). Conclusion: The prevalence of vision impairing conditions in this age group underscores the importance of preschool vision screening to ensure early detection and treatment to prevent the permanent damage of amblyopia.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"173 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134388811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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