Pub Date : 2013-06-23DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2013.6602691
M. Żotkiewicz, M. Pióro, M. Ruiz, M. Klinkowski, L. Velasco
In the paper we present integer programming (IP) optimization models for flexgrid elastic optical networks (EON). We consider several different basic assumptions regarding flexibility of EON that lead to a variety of IP formulations differing in precision and complexity. As usual, detailed models aiming at precisely describing technological aspects of EON suffer from tractability issues resulting from their greater complexity and have to be reasonably simplified. To achieve this, we consider cases where the bandwidth is divided into predefined slots, cases where the bandwidth is continuous and can be divided between demands with no restrictions, cases where a list of predefined paths is available, and finally cases where all the paths are indirectly taken into account. We present both compact and non-compact formulations. The non-compact formulations are accompanied with brief description of the dedicated column generation algorithms.
{"title":"Optimization models for flexgrid elastic optical networks","authors":"M. Żotkiewicz, M. Pióro, M. Ruiz, M. Klinkowski, L. Velasco","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2013.6602691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2013.6602691","url":null,"abstract":"In the paper we present integer programming (IP) optimization models for flexgrid elastic optical networks (EON). We consider several different basic assumptions regarding flexibility of EON that lead to a variety of IP formulations differing in precision and complexity. As usual, detailed models aiming at precisely describing technological aspects of EON suffer from tractability issues resulting from their greater complexity and have to be reasonably simplified. To achieve this, we consider cases where the bandwidth is divided into predefined slots, cases where the bandwidth is continuous and can be divided between demands with no restrictions, cases where a list of predefined paths is available, and finally cases where all the paths are indirectly taken into account. We present both compact and non-compact formulations. The non-compact formulations are accompanied with brief description of the dedicated column generation algorithms.","PeriodicalId":376939,"journal":{"name":"2013 15th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114482898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-23DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2013.6602726
Yan Hong, S. Boriskina, W. Ahn, B. Reinhard
Hybrid clusters comprising TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) supported by discrete clusters of Au NP were fabricated through a template guided self-assembly strategy, and the electromagnetic interactions between the building blocks were investigated using experimental and theoretical tools. The performed studies reveal that electromagnetic interactions between the building blocks result in an enhancement of both electric and magnetic field components. A redistribution of the optical energy in the cluster increases the E-field intensity not only in hot-spots within the cluster but also in the adjacent ambient environment where it is easily accessible.
{"title":"Self-assembled optoplasmonic molecules for enhanced light focusing and manipulation on nanometer length scales","authors":"Yan Hong, S. Boriskina, W. Ahn, B. Reinhard","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2013.6602726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2013.6602726","url":null,"abstract":"Hybrid clusters comprising TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) supported by discrete clusters of Au NP were fabricated through a template guided self-assembly strategy, and the electromagnetic interactions between the building blocks were investigated using experimental and theoretical tools. The performed studies reveal that electromagnetic interactions between the building blocks result in an enhancement of both electric and magnetic field components. A redistribution of the optical energy in the cluster increases the E-field intensity not only in hot-spots within the cluster but also in the adjacent ambient environment where it is easily accessible.","PeriodicalId":376939,"journal":{"name":"2013 15th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116738134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-23DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2013.6602712
J. Zubía, J. Mateo, M. Losada, G. Durana, G. Aldabaldetreku, M. Illarramendi
Structural health monitoring (SHM) is a cost-effective approach to meet operational requirements, and to reduce maintenance costs in aircrafts. Besides, fiber optic sensor technology is a mature technology which can be used to monitor physical parameters of wing leading-edge surfaces and fuselage sections made of composites carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) materials. This paper deals with some applications of plastic and glass optical fiber based sensors for SHM. Among other, we will describe the results we have obtained for damage detection, impact location, strain and deformation measurements. We will also show some results of the blade tip timing and tip clearance in aircraft turbines. These are two of the main parameters governing the efficiency of turbine engine.
{"title":"Optical fiber sensors for structural health monitoring in airplanes","authors":"J. Zubía, J. Mateo, M. Losada, G. Durana, G. Aldabaldetreku, M. Illarramendi","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2013.6602712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2013.6602712","url":null,"abstract":"Structural health monitoring (SHM) is a cost-effective approach to meet operational requirements, and to reduce maintenance costs in aircrafts. Besides, fiber optic sensor technology is a mature technology which can be used to monitor physical parameters of wing leading-edge surfaces and fuselage sections made of composites carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) materials. This paper deals with some applications of plastic and glass optical fiber based sensors for SHM. Among other, we will describe the results we have obtained for damage detection, impact location, strain and deformation measurements. We will also show some results of the blade tip timing and tip clearance in aircraft turbines. These are two of the main parameters governing the efficiency of turbine engine.","PeriodicalId":376939,"journal":{"name":"2013 15th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116750328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-23DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2013.6602774
T. Benyattou, E. Gerelli, L. Milord, C. Jamois, A. Harouri, C. Chevalier, C. Seassal, A. Belarouci, X. Letartre, P. Viktorovitch
In this paper, we will present a new kind of structure that has the ability to trap nanometric particles and presents big capture cross section. This approach relies on the use of slow Bloch mode in a photonic crystal cavity. We will show how a new kind of design allows for an easy coupling of this kind of structure. FDTD modeling of the optical forces will be presented. We will show that the light intensity modulation related to the periodicity of the photonic crystal gives rise to strong gradient forces that are able to trap small nanoparticles in a large cavity. Experimental results validating this approach will be presented.
{"title":"Slow bloch mode cavity for optical trapping","authors":"T. Benyattou, E. Gerelli, L. Milord, C. Jamois, A. Harouri, C. Chevalier, C. Seassal, A. Belarouci, X. Letartre, P. Viktorovitch","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2013.6602774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2013.6602774","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we will present a new kind of structure that has the ability to trap nanometric particles and presents big capture cross section. This approach relies on the use of slow Bloch mode in a photonic crystal cavity. We will show how a new kind of design allows for an easy coupling of this kind of structure. FDTD modeling of the optical forces will be presented. We will show that the light intensity modulation related to the periodicity of the photonic crystal gives rise to strong gradient forces that are able to trap small nanoparticles in a large cavity. Experimental results validating this approach will be presented.","PeriodicalId":376939,"journal":{"name":"2013 15th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129955601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-23DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2013.6602713
M. Cehovski, A. Forkl, O. Strobel
In the last decade great developments have been achieved in detection of single photons. They were mainly driven by research on subatomic particles at CERN. However, for automotive, medical and sensor applications Hamamatsu Photonics K. K. invented Multi Pixel Photon Counters (MPPCs). The MPPC is a Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) containing lots of Geiger-mode Avalanche Photodiodes (G-APD) connected in parallel combining them to a light sensor. The numerous G-APDs are also called pixels. In the Geiger-mode, not just electrons but also holes lead to the creation of an avalanche. Thus, the sensitivity is improved. Their low bias voltage, high gain and excellent photon counting capability make them more and more suitable for sensor applications. In this paper we want to discuss the properties of the 1600 pixel MPPC, create an equivalent circuit diagram and reflect on the benefits of them in sensors for transportation systems.
{"title":"Silicon photomultiplier for laser detection of objects in the near area vehicle environment","authors":"M. Cehovski, A. Forkl, O. Strobel","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2013.6602713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2013.6602713","url":null,"abstract":"In the last decade great developments have been achieved in detection of single photons. They were mainly driven by research on subatomic particles at CERN. However, for automotive, medical and sensor applications Hamamatsu Photonics K. K. invented Multi Pixel Photon Counters (MPPCs). The MPPC is a Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) containing lots of Geiger-mode Avalanche Photodiodes (G-APD) connected in parallel combining them to a light sensor. The numerous G-APDs are also called pixels. In the Geiger-mode, not just electrons but also holes lead to the creation of an avalanche. Thus, the sensitivity is improved. Their low bias voltage, high gain and excellent photon counting capability make them more and more suitable for sensor applications. In this paper we want to discuss the properties of the 1600 pixel MPPC, create an equivalent circuit diagram and reflect on the benefits of them in sensors for transportation systems.","PeriodicalId":376939,"journal":{"name":"2013 15th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128690442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-23DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2013.6602922
S. D. Le, Q. Deniel, F. Saliou, A. Lebreton, P. Chanclou
In this paper, we experimentally demonstrated a self-seeded wavelength-division-multiplexed passive-optical-network (WDM-PON) based on a high polarisation dependent gain reflective-semiconductor-optical-amplifier (RSOA). The experimental results show a possibility of implementing a WDM-PON with 16 channels of 100 GHz channel-spacing at 2.5 Gbit/s for a reach of 60 km. Considering FEC error-free transmission for all channels, an optical feeder budget of 22 dB was obtained. In the experiment, a drop fibre was experimented with different lengths up to 5 km. A total distance of 25 km was also achieved for a WDM-PON at 5 Gbit/s per channel.
{"title":"16×2.5 Gbit/s and 5 Gbit/s WDM PON based on self-seeded RSOA","authors":"S. D. Le, Q. Deniel, F. Saliou, A. Lebreton, P. Chanclou","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2013.6602922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2013.6602922","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we experimentally demonstrated a self-seeded wavelength-division-multiplexed passive-optical-network (WDM-PON) based on a high polarisation dependent gain reflective-semiconductor-optical-amplifier (RSOA). The experimental results show a possibility of implementing a WDM-PON with 16 channels of 100 GHz channel-spacing at 2.5 Gbit/s for a reach of 60 km. Considering FEC error-free transmission for all channels, an optical feeder budget of 22 dB was obtained. In the experiment, a drop fibre was experimented with different lengths up to 5 km. A total distance of 25 km was also achieved for a WDM-PON at 5 Gbit/s per channel.","PeriodicalId":376939,"journal":{"name":"2013 15th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129062614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-23DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2013.6602702
Yangcheng Li, A. Maslov, A. Jofre, V. Astratov
Light pressure effect has been discovered long ago and has been used as an optical method to manipulate micro- and nanoparticles. It is usually considered as a nonresonant effect determined by the transfer of the momentum of light. However, recently we have observed that large polystyrene microspheres of 15 - 20 μm diameters supporting high quality whispering gallery resonances can be optically propelled in water at an extraordinary high velocity along tapered fibers under resonant conditions. In this work we compare on- and off-resonant optical forces in microspherical photonics by controlling the detuning between the laser emission line and whispering gallery resonances. Our approach involves manipulation with microspheres using conventional optical tweezers and their advanced spectroscopic characterization in fiber-integrated setups. We demonstrate dramatic difference in the optical forces exerted on microspheres in the on-resonant and off-resonant cases. This method can be used to study spectral properties of the resonantly enhanced forces in microspherical photonics.
{"title":"Tuning the optical forces on- and off-resonance in microspherical photonics","authors":"Yangcheng Li, A. Maslov, A. Jofre, V. Astratov","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2013.6602702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2013.6602702","url":null,"abstract":"Light pressure effect has been discovered long ago and has been used as an optical method to manipulate micro- and nanoparticles. It is usually considered as a nonresonant effect determined by the transfer of the momentum of light. However, recently we have observed that large polystyrene microspheres of 15 - 20 μm diameters supporting high quality whispering gallery resonances can be optically propelled in water at an extraordinary high velocity along tapered fibers under resonant conditions. In this work we compare on- and off-resonant optical forces in microspherical photonics by controlling the detuning between the laser emission line and whispering gallery resonances. Our approach involves manipulation with microspheres using conventional optical tweezers and their advanced spectroscopic characterization in fiber-integrated setups. We demonstrate dramatic difference in the optical forces exerted on microspheres in the on-resonant and off-resonant cases. This method can be used to study spectral properties of the resonantly enhanced forces in microspherical photonics.","PeriodicalId":376939,"journal":{"name":"2013 15th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130373799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-23DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2013.6602943
T. Fehenberger, N. Hanik
Mutual information (MI) is derived as an information-theoretical figure of merit to assess the performance bounds of an optical long-haul communication system when forward error correction is used. This limit, which is valid for any optical channel model, is compared with a trellis coded modulation (TCM) system and with a regular low-density parity-check (LDPC) code in order to evaluate the gap in performance due to imperfection in the code design.
{"title":"Comparison of performance limits by mutual information and practical realizations for optical long-haul coded modulation communication systems","authors":"T. Fehenberger, N. Hanik","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2013.6602943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2013.6602943","url":null,"abstract":"Mutual information (MI) is derived as an information-theoretical figure of merit to assess the performance bounds of an optical long-haul communication system when forward error correction is used. This limit, which is valid for any optical channel model, is compared with a trellis coded modulation (TCM) system and with a regular low-density parity-check (LDPC) code in order to evaluate the gap in performance due to imperfection in the code design.","PeriodicalId":376939,"journal":{"name":"2013 15th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114556187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-23DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2013.6602724
G. Zengin, Vladimir D. Miljković, P. Johansson, Mikael Kall, T. Shegai
In this paper we discuss several examples of generating directional light emission on a nanoscale as well as utilization of these results for color routing, sensing and strong coupling applications. Examples include propagating plasmons in metallic nanowires, spontaneous formation of optical phase mismatch in materially asymmetric silver-gold and palladium-gold dimers and exciton-induced transparency in individual silver nanorods covered by a thin layer of J-aggregates.
{"title":"Plasmonic nanoantennas for SERS, directional light, sensing and strong coupling","authors":"G. Zengin, Vladimir D. Miljković, P. Johansson, Mikael Kall, T. Shegai","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2013.6602724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2013.6602724","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we discuss several examples of generating directional light emission on a nanoscale as well as utilization of these results for color routing, sensing and strong coupling applications. Examples include propagating plasmons in metallic nanowires, spontaneous formation of optical phase mismatch in materially asymmetric silver-gold and palladium-gold dimers and exciton-induced transparency in individual silver nanorods covered by a thin layer of J-aggregates.","PeriodicalId":376939,"journal":{"name":"2013 15th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126248924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-23DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2013.6602953
M. Cvijetic, I. Djordjevic
There is a significant effort to make transition from the traditional DWDM based network infrastructure to the next generation one based on dynamic and elastic optical networking. Such a networking will have multidimensional nature with respect to arrangement of the spectral and spatial signal components, where each component is based on a multidimensional coded modulation. The employment of multiple degrees of freedom offers significant opportunities for the energy efficient transmission of information bits. In this paper, we consider the energy aspects of the elastic networking based on the optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), optical spatial mode multiplexing, and multidimensional coded modulation. The adaptive optimization approach can lead to a substantial increase in the energy efficiency for high spectral density cases.
{"title":"Energy efficiency aspects of multi-dimensional elastic optical networking","authors":"M. Cvijetic, I. Djordjevic","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2013.6602953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2013.6602953","url":null,"abstract":"There is a significant effort to make transition from the traditional DWDM based network infrastructure to the next generation one based on dynamic and elastic optical networking. Such a networking will have multidimensional nature with respect to arrangement of the spectral and spatial signal components, where each component is based on a multidimensional coded modulation. The employment of multiple degrees of freedom offers significant opportunities for the energy efficient transmission of information bits. In this paper, we consider the energy aspects of the elastic networking based on the optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), optical spatial mode multiplexing, and multidimensional coded modulation. The adaptive optimization approach can lead to a substantial increase in the energy efficiency for high spectral density cases.","PeriodicalId":376939,"journal":{"name":"2013 15th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125620356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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